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| germany kurdish dictionary: Historical Dictionary of the Kurds Michael M. Gunter, 2010-11-04 Straddling the mountainous borders where Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria converge in the Middle East, the 25-30 million Kurds living there constitute the largest nation in the world without its own independent state. In recent years the Kurdish problem has become increasingly important in Middle Eastern and even international politics for two fundamental reasons. First, the wars against Saddam Hussein in 1991 and 2003 resulted in the creation of a virtually independent Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in a federal Iraq. This KRG has inspired the Kurds elsewhere to seek cultural, social, and even political autonomy, if not independence. Second, Turkey's application for admission into the European Union (EU) also has brought the Kurdish issue to the attention of Europe. The second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Kurds greatly expands on the first edition through an updated chronology, an introductory essay, an expanded bibliography, maps, photos, and over 400 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, places, events, institutions, and aspects of culture, society, economy, and politics. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the history of the Kurds. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: English / Cherokee Dictionary John C. Rigdon, 2017-03-14 Cherokee is a Southern Iroquoian language now spoken by around 22,500 people in North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. In 2005, the Cherokee Preservation Foundation funded a survey whose results indicated that only 460 fluent speakers were then living in Eastern Cherokee communities, with 72 percent of them over the age of 50 and elder speakers dying far more quickly than new speakers were emerging. By 2015 that number was down to 215. The process of revitalizing the language is complex. While it has been spoken for hundreds of years, there is little in written form that can be used for instruction and few people are trained in teaching it. Cherokees are the only Native American People who possess a writing system equivalent to the European alphabet. The Cherokee syllabary is the only alphabet in history attributed to be the work of one man, George Gist, known to the world as Sequoyah. Although he did not speak or read the English language, he understood the power of the written word. At first Sequoyah experimented with a writing system based on logograms, but found this cumbersome and unsuitable for Cherokee. He later developed a syllabary which was originally cursive and hand-written, but it was too difficult and expensive to produce a printed version, so he devised a new version with symbols based on letters from the Latin alphabet and Western numerals. After twelve years of dedicated work, Sequoyah finished the Cherokee syllabary in 1821. He spent the rest of his life teaching his people how to read and spell. By 1820 thousands of Cherokees had learned the syllabary, and by 1830, 90% were literate in their own language. Books, religious texts, almanacs and newspapers were all published using the syllabary, which was widely used for over 100 years. Today the syllabary is still used; efforts are being made to revive both the Cherokee language and Syllabary. Increasing numbers of Cherokee descendants are renewing their ties with their traditions, history and language. With this renewal comes the understanding that their Cherokee heritage must be preserved and passed on to the next generation. Cherokee courses are offered at a number of schools, colleges and universities. This dictionary contains over 5,000 English terms with their Cherokee translation and transliteration. It also includes a Cherokee / English index. We also publish a Spanish / Cherokee Dictionary and an English / Cherokee Phrasebook. Check our website for availability. http: //www.wordsrus.info/chr/index.php |
| germany kurdish dictionary: A Practical Dictionary of the English and German Languages in Two Parts Felix Flügel, Johann Gottfried Flügel, 1870 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: FERHENGA BIRÛSKÎ Kurmanji - English Dictionary Volume One: A - L Michael L. Chyet, 2020-01-07 Ferhenga Biruski is the go-to dictionary for Kurmanji a dialect of Kurdish spoken originally in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey while also being common among a large diaspora of Kurds in Europe, North America and elsewhere. This comprehensive Kurmanji-English dictionary is prepared in two volumes by Michael L. Chyet, a renowned linguist with extensive knowledge of the major dialects of Kurdish. This dictionary is an essential reference source for linguists and others interested in Kurdish language and people. The second edition of my Kurmanji-English dictionary, which I would like to call “Ferhenga Birûskî” to honor the memory of my beloved friend and colleague Birûsk Tugan, contains considerably more entries, and in many cases offers fuller information on earlier entries. In addition, I have found and corrected several typographical errors. Moreover, it is to be accompanied by a companion English to Kurdish volume. [...] It is my goal to accurately reflect the language as it exists today, providing variant spellings, synonyms, and regional usage, as well as etymologies. The late Iranist D.N. MacKenzie advised me early on to avoid filling my dictionary with “ghost words”. He suggested that I base all the entries in my dictionary on texts (both written and orally generated), to ensure that I am reflecting the language as it is used by its speakers. The earlier dictionaries include words of unknown provenance, which may have no existence outside those pages. - Excerpt from the Introduction by Michael L. Chyet Preface by Deniz Ekici Introduction to Ferhenga Birûskî Review of Kurdish Dictionaries How to use the dictionary Abbreviations Abbreviations of Sources Used in Compiling this Dictionary Sources for Linguistic Comparison Place of Origin of Informants Calendar Systems Dictionary A to L |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Kurdish Culture and Society Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin, 2001-02-28 Unique, timely, and up-to-date, this volume is the first comprehensive bibliography on Kurdish culture and society. Compiled to help students, educators, researchers, and policy makers find relevant information with ease, the book includes more than 930 items in four major languages--Arabic, English, French, and German. This work covers the fields of anthropology, archaeology, art, communication, demography, travel, economy, education, ethnicity, health, journalism, language, literature, migration, music, religion, social structure, urbanization, and women's studies. The volume includes books and book chapters, journal articles, Ph.D. dissertations, conference papers, articles in dictionaries and encyclopedias, and important Web sites. Essays provide an overview of Kurdish society as well as surveys of Kurdish life in Syria, the former Soviet Union, Europe, and Lebanon. An invaluable guide for researchers interested in the Kurds and Kurdistan, this book will aid in the location of information that is highly diverse and scattered. With its focus on a timely subject, this book fills a major gap in the bibliographic literature. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: German, Greek, Hebrew Fifty-Words Dictionaries Multi Linguis, 2021-07-27 Multi Linguis offers you free German, Greek and Hebrew fifty-words vocabularies. Each of them includes translations for 50 frequently used nouns - such as water, house, book, shirt, tree, dog, man, hand, bread and others. The book additionally provides a guide to the project intended to help you learn about offered dictionaries and their structure. It contains lists of title languages arranged by groups and regions, as well as levels, themes and parts of speech used as headers. The book is intended to help you try out these languages and get acquainted with us. The Multi Linguis Project is based on the Wiktionary corpus and created by one person. The database of the Learner's and Small Dictionaries includes 12'000 lemmas (words and phrases), their translations into many languages as well as transcriptions, transliterations and grammar information. All these lemmas are divided into 8 importance levels of 1'500 entries each (corresponding to the CEFR levels A1 - B2) and also into 300 vocabulary themes grouped in 30 super themes. They can be arranged by themes, levels or parts of speech, but never by the alphabet. Different types of dictionaries are offered for the same language. They are designed in an original way to be convenient and efficient. Multi Linguis is presently able to publish such books for more than 260 languages. It is planned to improve them and increase their number. You can find the Multi Linguis Dictionaries in this store or on https://multilinguis.com. They may be available in .epub, .mobi, .pdf or paperback formats. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Historical Dictionary of Turkey Metin Heper, Duygu Öztürk-Tunçel, Nur Bilge Criss, 2018-05-23 This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Turkey contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 900 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Dictionary of the English and German Languages for Home and School Felix Flügel, 1902 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: A Practical Dictionary of the English and German Languages Felix Flügel, Johann Gottfried Flügel, 1874 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Flügel-Schmidt-Tanger, a Dictionary of the English and German Languages for Home and School ...: German-English Immanuel Schmidt, 1905 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Flügel-Schmidt-Tanger, a Dictionary of the English and German Languages: German-English Immanuel Schmidt, 1897 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Flügel-Schmidt-Tanger, a Dictionary of the English and German Languages Immanuel Schmidt, 1897 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Flügel-Schmidt-Tanger, a dictionary of the English and German languages for home and school Immanuel Schmidt, Gustav Tanger, 1896 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Flügel-Schmidt-Tanger, a Dictionary of the English and German Languages: German-English Gustav Tanger, 1897 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: The Kurds Martin Short, 1981 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Dictionary of the English and German Languages for Home and School: German-English Felix Flügel, 1901 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Journalistic Translation Sabir Hasan Rasul, 2019-05-08 This volume painstakingly formulates a composite model of translation procedures that covers both linguistic and cultural aspects inherent in translation. The model is based on an integration of three classic taxonomies of translation procedures proposed by influential translation scholars, namely Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), Newmark (1988), and Dickins, Hervey and Higgins (2002/2016). The book combines these three taxonomies into an integrated model and extends it, effectively, to identify patterns of translation procedures and overall strategies in English-Kurdish translation of journalistic texts. The book is a breakthrough in the field of journalistic translation between the two languages. With a clear definition and exemplification of each translation procedure, the importance of the model is that it is replicable for future descriptive translation studies and can be carried out in other language pairs and on other genres. Moreover, the model is comprehensive in nature, and covers almost all translational changes and shifts that may occur in the translation process. Thus, this model of translation procedures transcends previous frameworks in such a way that prospective translation researchers will not need to go back to these older models of translation procedures. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: The A to Z of the Kurds Michael M. Gunter, 2009-06-22 The A to Z of the Kurds covers the largest nation on Earth that does not have its own independent state. Scholars, government officials who are dealing with the Middle East and the Kurds, the news media, as well as the general reader will find this an accessible historical account about a people who are becoming increasingly important for the future of the geostrategic Middle East. Maps, a chronology of Kurdish history, an introductory essay on the Kurds, a dictionary containing several hundred entries on various aspects of the Kurdish experience, and an extensive bibliography comprise this volume. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema Terri Ginsberg, Chris Lippard, 2020-09-15 This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on individual films, filmmakers, actors, significant historical figures, events, and concepts, and the countries themselves. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: A German and English Dictionary George J. Adler, 1903 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: A Dictionary of the English and German Languages for Home and School ... Felix Flügel, 1898 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Grammar of the Kurmanji Or Kurdish Language Ely Banister Soane, 1913 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey Şener Aktürk, 2012-11-12 Akturk discusses how the definition of being German, Soviet, Russian and Turkish radically changed at the turn of the twenty-first century. Germany's ethnic citizenship law, the Soviet Union's inscription of ethnic origins in personal identification documents and Turkey's prohibition on the public use of minority languages, all implemented during the early twentieth century, underpinned the definition of nationhood in these countries. Despite many challenges from political and societal actors, these policies did not change for many decades, until around the turn of the twenty-first century, when Russia removed ethnicity from the internal passport, Germany changed its citizenship law and Turkish public television began broadcasting in minority languages. Using a new typology of 'regimes of ethnicity' and a close study of primary documents and numerous interviews, Sener Akturk argues that the coincidence of three key factors – counterelites, new discourses and hegemonic majorities – explains successful change in state policies toward ethnicity. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Dictionary of Dictionaries Thomas Kabdebo, 1992 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Paying the Price Lois Whitman, 1989 Banned books. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Dictionary of Oriental Literatures 3 Jiri Becka, 2018-12-07 The Dictionary of Oriental Literatures fills a long-felt gap in Western literature by presenting a concise summary, in three volumes and about 2000 articles, of practically all the literatures of Asia and North Africa. The first volume describes the Chinese, Tibetan, Japanese, Korean and Mongolian literatures; the second covers the area of South and South-East Asia, comprising, besides all literatures of India and Pakistan, those of Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines; and the third is devoted to the numerous literatures of West Asia and North Africa. including on the one hand the literatures of the ancient Near East and Egypt, and on the other hand those of Central Asia and the Caucasus, of Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan and of the various Arab countries including Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. The majority of entries give information about the life and work of the individual writers and poets of the classical, medieval and modern periods of the literatures included and also attempt to evaluate their writings from the historical and aesthetic point of view. The remaining articles describe literary terms, genres, forms, schools, movements etc. The Dictionary has been prepared by the Oriental Institute in Prague under the supervision of a Advisory Editorial Board of European and American scholars of international reputation and is unique in that it is the fruit of the collaboration of over 150 orientalists from many parts of the world. Contents include: Volume I East Asia: The Far East, including Chinese, Tibetan, Japanese, Korean and Mongolian literatures. Volume II South and South-East Asia: Ancient Indian, Assamese, Baluchi, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Indian literature in English, Indo-Persian, Kannada, Kashmiri, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Panjabi, Pashto, Rajasthani, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu, Sinhalese, Nepali, Burmese, Thai, Cambodian, Malay and Indonesian, Javanese, Vietnamese and Philippines literatures. Volume III West Asia and North Africa: The Near East and Egypt, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Turkish, Persian, Afghan, Kurd and Arabic literatures, covering all the Arab states from Iraq in the East to Algeria in the West. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Library of Congress Subject Headings Library of Congress, Library of Congress. Subject Cataloging Division, Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy, 2013 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Library of Congress Subject Headings Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office, 2009 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: The Multilingual PC Directory Ian Tresman, 1993 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: The Kurds and Kurdistan Lokman I. Meho, 1997-06-25 As the Kurdish question becomes more prominent in Middle Eastern politics, it is attracting attention from the media, the academic community, and governmental and non-governmental organizations. Swamped with questions from the press and academic departments, students of Kurdish topics have needed a comprehensive bibliography on the Kurds. This book meets that need. An introductory essay provides users with general background information on the Kurds and Kurdistan. With over 800 entries, the annotated bibliography provides information on the most important works about the Kurds and Kurdistan published from World War II through 1996. Emphasizing recent titles, the book focuses on English-language scholarly works. Arranged in topical chapters, the book opens with a section on general works, then covers travel works, history and archaeology, politics, minorities and religion in Kurdistan, society, economy, language and education, literature and folklore, and culture and arts. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: German Extended Phrasebook Learningonlinexyz Inc, 2019-04-08 Learn German with our simple to use EXTENDED phrasebook. It is a handy and comprehensive reference to cultural immersion while exploring new geographies. Impress your local business contacts or friends with confidence. Categories include Business, Shopping, Restaurant, Marketing, Trading, Careers, Meetings, Negotiations, Food, Useful Phrases, Numbers, Time, and many more. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Dictionary of International Biography , 2007 A biographical record of contemporary achievement together with a key to the location of the original biographical notes. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Far-Flung Families in Film Daniela Berghahn, 2014-08-20 This book fills this gap and provides an essential resource for academics and researchers with an interest in cinematic representations of the family and transnational cinema. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Kurdish Grammar Murat Baran, 2023 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Struggling for Recognition Martin Sökefeld, 2008-05-01 As a religious and cultural minority in Turkey, the Alevis have suffered a long history of persecution and discrimination. In the late 1980s they started a movement for the recognition of Alevi identity in both Germany and Turkey. Today, they constitute a significant segment of Germany’s Turkish immigrant population. In a departure from the current debate on identity and diaspora, Sökefeld offers a rich account of the emergence and institutionalization of the Alevi movement in Germany, giving particular attention to its politics of recognition within Germany and in a transnational context. The book deftly combines empirical findings with innovative theoretical arguments and addresses current questions of migration, diaspora, transnationalism, and identity. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: A Dictionary of the English Language ... Noah Webster, William Greenleaf Webster, William Adolphus Wheeler, 1878 |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Dictionary of Dictionaries and Eminent Encyclopedias Thomas Kabdebo, Neil Armstrong, 1997 Enlarged by some 50 percent and equipped with more comprehensive name and subject indexes, the second edition of this unique guide contains bibliographic and descriptive annotations for 8,000 dictionaries. It features 1,500 additional bilingual works, 400 new subject categories, and all the major electronic dictionaries produced in English. While the primary emphasis is on language dictionaries, subject dictionaries on topics as varied as ceramics, bookbinding, and theatre as well as dictionaries issued by international bodies and agencies are included. Covering all the world's languages, works may be bilingual, monolingual, or multilingual as long as there is an English element. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Lexical Conflict Danko Šipka, 2015-09-18 The first practical study of its kind, Lexical Conflict presents a taxonomy of cross-linguistic lexical differences, with thorough discussion of zero equivalence, multiple equivalence and partial equivalence across languages. Illustrated with numerous examples taken from over one hundred world languages, this work is an exhaustive exploration of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural differences, presenting guidelines and solutions for the lexicographic treatment of these differences. The text combines theoretical and applied linguistic perspectives to create an essential guide for students, researchers and practitioners in linguistics, anthropology, cross-cultural psychology, translation, interpretation and international marketing. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: Almanca Tuhfe/Deutsches Geschenk (1916): the Only Versified Turkish-German Dictionary Güler Dogan Averbek, Harald Bichlmeier, 2020-12-11 Poetic books have been used for centuries in the tradition of Islamic education. Namely, it benefits from the quality rhymed and metered texts have of easily being remembered, aiming for students to easily acquire information using texts of this type, as well as for the information to permanently stay in the student's memory. The area covered by the versified dictionaries that had begun being written for children whose native language was not Arabic for the purpose of better understanding the Qur'an, the sacred book of Islam, expanded over time, and versified dictionaries were written in various languages for various reasons. The work presented in this study for the fi rst time to the scientific world through an academic perspective is Almanca Tuhfe/Deutsches Geschenk (The Gift of German), which was published in Istanbul in 1916. |
| germany kurdish dictionary: A Universal English-German and German-English Dictionary Felix Flügel, 1894 |
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Germany, [d] officially the Federal Republic of Germany, [e] is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen …
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Germany's tallest mountain is the Zugspitze at 2,963 metres. The longest river is the Rhine, which carves its way through 865 kilometres of German soil. Germany also has 16 national parks, …
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The Federal Republic of Germany lies in the heart of Europe and is a cosmopolitan, democratic country with a great tradition and a lively present. Facts and figures at a glance.
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Germany (German: Deutschland, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃlant] (listen)), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), [9] is a country in the western region of Central …
Germany country profile full overview - BBC News
Sep 28, 2017 · Germany is Europe's most industrialized and populous country. Famed for its technological achievements, it has also produced some of Europe's most celebrated …
Germany - Wikipedia
Germany, [d] officially the Federal Republic of Germany, [e] is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen …
Germany | Facts, Geography, Maps, & History | Britannica
4 days ago · Germany, country of north-central Europe, traversing the continent ’s main physical divisions, from the outer ranges of the Alps northward across the varied landscape of the …
Germany Maps & Facts - World Atlas
Aug 4, 2023 · Physical map of Germany showing major cities, terrain, national parks, rivers, and surrounding countries with international borders and outline maps. Key facts about Germany.
Information on Germany - Germany Travel
Germany's tallest mountain is the Zugspitze at 2,963 metres. The longest river is the Rhine, which carves its way through 865 kilometres of German soil. Germany also has 16 national parks, …
Germany at a glance - deutschland.de
The Federal Republic of Germany lies in the heart of Europe and is a cosmopolitan, democratic country with a great tradition and a lively present. Facts and figures at a glance.
Germany - The World Factbook
Jun 10, 2025 · Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.
Germany | Culture, Facts & Travel | - CountryReports
4 days ago · Germany in depth country profile. Unique hard to find content on Germany. Includes customs, culture, history, geography, economy current events, photos, video, and more.
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Facts about Germany is for anyone seeking up-to-date information about Germany. It provides facts and figures about Germany's people, system of government, social life, politics, economy …
Germany - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Germany (German: Deutschland, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃlant] (listen)), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), [9] is a country in the western region of Central …
Germany country profile full overview - BBC News
Sep 28, 2017 · Germany is Europe's most industrialized and populous country. Famed for its technological achievements, it has also produced some of Europe's most celebrated …
