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| gladio documentary: NATO's Secret Armies Daniele Ganser, 2005-06-21 This fascinating new study shows how the CIA and the British secret service, in collaboration with the military alliance NATO and European military secret services, set up a network of clandestine anti-communist armies in Western Europe after World War II. These secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centres in England and in the United States by the Green Berets and SAS Special Forces. The network was armed with explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication equipment hidden in underground bunkers and secret arms caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some countries the secret army linked up with right-wing terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties, massacres, coup d'états and torture. Codenamed 'Gladio' ('the sword'), the Italian secret army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the press spoke of The best kept, and most damaging, political-military secret since World War II (Observer, 18. November 1990) and observed that The story seems straight from the pages of a political thriller. (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since, so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) in Brussels in October 1990. |
| gladio documentary: Great Heroin Coup Henrik Krüger, Jerry Meldon, Peter Dale Scott, 2015-12-31 In this new edition of a cult classic, Henrik Krüger and Jerry Meldon have added new material and provided updates of the investigations Danish investigative author Henrik Krüger set out to write a book about Christian David, a French criminal with a colorful past, and wound up writing a book—originally published in 1980—that spans all continents and names names all the way up to Richard Nixon. The Nixon administration and CIA wanted to eliminate the old French Connection and replace it with heroin from the Golden Triangle, partly in order to help finance operations in Southeast Asia. The book delves into the relationships between French and U.S. intelligence services and organized crime probing into the netherworld of narcotics, espionage, and international terrorism. It uncovers the alliances between the Mafia, right-wing extremists, neo-fascist OAS and SAC veterans in France, and Miami-based Cuban exiles. It lifts the veil on the global networks of parafascist terrorists who so frequently plot and murder with impunity, thanks to their relationships and services to the intelligence agencies of the so-called free world. In short, this updated edition tells a story which our own media have systematically failed to tell. |
| gladio documentary: Social Trauma and Telecinematic Memory Pelin Başcı, 2017-10-24 This book explores responses to authoritarianism in Turkish society through popular culture by examining feature films and television serials produced between 1980 and 2010 about the 1980 coup. Envisioned as an interdisciplinary study in cultural studies rather than a disciplinary work on cinema, the book advocates for an understanding of popular culture in discerning emerging narratives of nationhood. Through feature films and television serials directly dealing with the coup of 1980, the book exposes tropes and discursive continuities such as “childhood” and “the child”. It argues that these conventional tropes enable popular debates on the modern nation’s history and its myths of identity. |
| gladio documentary: Black Terror White Soldiers David Livingstone, 2013-06-16 Far too ignorant of the histories of the rest of the world, being aware of only the accomplishments of Greece, Rome and Europe, Westerners have been made to believe that their societies represent the most superior examples of civilization. However, the Western value system stems from a misconception that, as in nature, human society too is evolving. The idea derives from the hidden influence of secret societies, who followed the belief in spiritual evolution of the Kabbalah, which taught that history would attain its fulfillment when man would become God, and make his own laws. Therefore, the infamous Illuminati gave its name to the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, which claimed that human progress must abandon superstition, meaning Christianity, in favor of reason. Thus the Illuminati succeeded in bringing about the French and American revolutions, which instituted the separation of Church and State, and from that point forward, the Western values of Humanism, seen to include secularism, human rights, democracy and capitalism, have been celebrated as the culmination of centuries of human intellectual evolution. This is the basis of the propaganda which has been used to foster a Clash of Civilizations, where the Islamic world is presented as stubbornly adhering to the anachronistic idea of theocracy. Where once the spread of Christianity and civilizing the world were used as pretexts for colonization, today a new White Man's Burden makes use of human rights and democracy to justify imperial aggression. However, because, after centuries of decline, the Islamic world is incapable of mobilizing a defense, the Western powers, as part of their age-old strategy of Divide and Conquer, have fostered the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, to both serve as agent-provocateurs and to malign the image of Islam. These sects, known to scholars as Revivalists, opposed the traditions of classical Islamic scholarship in order to create the opportunity to rewrite the laws of the religion to better serve their sponsors. Thus were created the Wahhabi and Salafi sects of Islam, from which were derived the Muslim Brotherhood, which has been in the service of the West ever since. But, the story of the development of these Islamic sects involves the bizarre doctrines and hidden networks of occult secret societies, being based on a Rosicrucian myth of Egyptian Freemasonry, which see the Muslim radicals as inheritors of an ancient mystery tradition of the Middle East which was passed on to the Knights Templar during the Crusades, thus forming the foundation of the legends of the Holy Grail. These beliefs would not only form the cause for the association of Western intelligence agencies with Islamic fundamentalists, but would fundamentally shape much of twentieth century history. |
| gladio documentary: Fearmongering Fouad Sabry, 2024-10-06 Fearmongering is a critical examination of fear’s manipulation in political science. It exposes how fear influences public opinion and policy, shedding light on its intricate techniques and significant consequences. This book enhances your understanding of political discourse and sharpens your analytical skills, providing a deep dive into fear’s strategic use in shaping society. Chapters Overviews: 1: Fearmongering – Introduction to fear as a political tool, shaping public behavior. 2: State Terrorism – How governments use fear to suppress dissent. 3: Terrorism – The role of terrorism in manipulating public opinion. 4: Counterterrorism – Strategies to combat fear generated by terrorism. 5: Culture of Fear – How fear permeates daily life and political systems. 6: Strategy of Tension – Using fear to destabilize societies for political gain. 7: Tactics of Terrorism – Examining terrorist tactics to instill fear. 8: Terrorism and Social Media – Social media’s role in spreading fear and propaganda. 9: Disinformation (book) – How disinformation amplifies fearmongering. 10: Misogynist Terrorism – Fear as a weapon in gender-based terrorism. 11: Abuse – Various forms of abuse contributing to fear and control. 12: Cultivation Theory – Media’s role in shaping fear-driven perceptions. 13: Ethnic Violence – Fear’s role in inciting ethnic conflict. 14: Lone Wolf Attack – Unique fears generated by individual terrorist attacks. 15: Mediatization (media) – Media's amplification of fear in politics. 16: Fujimorism – Fear’s use in governance, illustrated by Peru’s Fujimori regime. 17: 2011 Hotan Attack – Examining a specific terror event’s impact on fear. 18: Insurrectionary Anarchism – How radical ideologies use fear to challenge power. 19: Dead Cat Strategy – Using fear as a distraction in political strategy. 20: Disinformation Attack – Fear and disinformation’s exploitation for political gain. 21: Terruqueo – Labeling opponents as terrorists to instill fear. By reading Fearmongering, you’ll gain crucial insights into how fear shapes politics, making it essential for anyone interested in political science. |
| gladio documentary: Government of the Shadows Eric Michael Wilson, Eric Wilson, 2009-03-15 An expose of what really goes on behind the closed doors of state power |
| gladio documentary: A Pacifist's Life and Death Evi Gkotzaridis, 2016-04-26 The shadow of a man standing on the back of a three-wheel pickup truck and smashing with a club the head of another man without the police even pretending to chase the killers was to haunt Greeks for many years. With hindsight, it seemed uncannily like a foretaste of what awaited Greece when the Junta stepped in on April 1967, and put a brutal end to all its democratic illusions. Using written and oral evidence, this book weaves a narrative of the life and death of Grigorios Lambrakis: athletic champion, doctor, politician and Greece’s most committed defender of democracy and peace of the post-Civil War period. It surveys the destiny of a people at key historical junctures, probes their abiding political divisions, the obstacles in asserting peace in the shadow of Civil and Cold War, and traces the origins of the deep state and paramilitarism. It shows how, as the all-consuming fear of Communism intensified, these phenomena were able to entrench themselves, gain ever more autonomy, and eventually preside over the murder of a member of parliament. In addition, the book places under the microscope what Mikis Theodorakis once called ‘the Middle Ages of Karamanlis’, namely a regime whose baleful contradictions became fertile ground for total anomie: a situation devastatingly laid bare to the world by this murder and the investigation that followed. |
| gladio documentary: NATO's Secret Armies Daniele Ganser, 2005-06-21 This fascinating new study shows how the CIA and the British secret service, in collaboration with the military alliance NATO and European military secret services, set up a network of clandestine anti-communist armies in Western Europe after World War II. These secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centres in England and in the United States by the Green Berets and SAS Special Forces. The network was armed with explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication equipment hidden in underground bunkers and secret arms caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some countries the secret army linked up with right-wing terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties, massacres, coup d'états and torture. Codenamed 'Gladio' ('the sword'), the Italian secret army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the press spoke of The best kept, and most damaging, political-military secret since World War II (Observer, 18. November 1990) and observed that The story seems straight from the pages of a political thriller. (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since, so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) in Brussels in October 1990. |
| gladio documentary: Spain’s revolution against Franco: The great betrayal Alan Woods, 2019-10-25 The story of the Spanish revolution of the 1930s is quite well known to most people on the left, but there is a surprising level of ignorance concerning the events that occurred subsequently. History did not cease with the victory of Franco in 1939. And the story of how the Franco dictatorship was eventually brought down by the revolutionary movement of the Spanish workers is an inspiring one. Under the most difficult and dangerous conditions, Spanish workers launched a strike wave, which, in its intensity and duration, has no parallel anywhere. There was nothing remotely like this in Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy or Salazar’s Portugal. This was a genuine revolution, which could and should have gone far further than it did. If it did not finally succeed, that was no fault of the working class. The Spanish revolution of the 1970s was shamefully betrayed by the leaders of the communist and socialist parties, who entered into an agreement with former fascists in order halt the movement in its tracks. Alan Woods participated personally in the last phase of this struggle and was a witness to some of its most decisive moments. Using a wealth of documentary material from the time and also new interviews with key participants in the events, he tears away the thick veil of lies, myths and half-truths to reveal what actually occurred. With new struggles and challenges on the order of the day in Spain and the rest of the world, it is the duty of all conscious workers and revolutionary youth to study the lessons of the past as a necessary precondition for victory in the future. This book is an important contribution to a necessary learning process and is obligatory reading for anyone who is interested in the struggle for socialism today. |
| gladio documentary: Lies of Our Times , 1991 |
| gladio documentary: Intelligence, Crises and Security Len Scott, R. Gerald Hughes, 2013-09-13 This collection of essays by leading experts seeks to explore what lessons for the exploitation and management of secret intelligence might be drawn from a variety of case studies ranging from the 1920s to the ‘War on Terror’. Long regarded as the ‘missing dimension’ of international history and politics, public and academic interest in the role of secret intelligence has continued to grow in recent years, not least as a result of controversy surrounding the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11 2001. Intelligence, Crises and Security addresses a range of themes including: crisis management, covert diplomacy, intelligence tradecraft, counterterrorism, intelligence ‘overload’, intelligence in relation to neutral states, deception, and signals intelligence. The work breaks new ground in relation to numerous key international episodes and events, not least as a result of fresh disclosures from government archives across the world. This book was previously published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security. |
| gladio documentary: Maximum Rocknroll , 1991-08 |
| gladio documentary: Red Army Faction, A Documentary History J. Smith, André Moncourt, 2013-07-01 The long-awaited Volume 2 of the first-ever English-language study of the Red Army Faction—West Germany’s most notorious urban guerillas—covers the period immediately following the organization’s near-total decimation in 1977. This work includes the details of the guerilla’s operations, and its communiqués and texts, from 1978 up until the 1984 offensive. This was a period of regrouping and reorientation for the RAF, with its previous focus on freeing its prisoners replaced by an anti-NATO orientation. This was in response to the emergence of a new radical youth movement in the Federal Republic, the Autonomen, and an attempt to renew its ties to the radical left. The possibilities and perils of an armed underground organization relating to the broader movement are examined, and the RAF’s approach is contrasted to the more fluid and flexible practice of the Revolutionary Cells. At the same time, the history of the 2nd of June Movement (2JM), an eclectic guerilla group with its roots in West Berlin, is also evaluated, especially in light of the split that led to some 2JM members officially disbanding the organization and rallying to the RAF. Finally, the RAF’s relationship to the East German Stasi is examined, as is the abortive attempt by West Germany’s liberal intelligentsia to defuse the armed struggle during Gerhard Baum’s tenure as Minister of the Interior. Dancing with Imperialism will be required reading for students of the First World guerilla, those with interest in the history of European protest movements, and all who wish to understand the challenges of revolutionary struggle. |
| gladio documentary: Pisces Moon Douglas Valentine, 2023-05-15 Pisces Moon: The Dark Arts of Empire is a non-fiction book about what writer William Burroughs called, the backlash and bad karma of empire. Set against the author's month-long trip to London, Vietnam and Thailand in early 1991, it tells how the American empire was created by rapacious businessmen backed by a murderous military establishment, media moguls who designed a relentless psychological warfare campaign that glorifies warriors who are programmed to kill on command, and clerics who contrived a religious justification for imperialism, the subordination of women, and the establishment of chattel slavery. Pisces Moon shows how these mythmakers, led by CIA drug traffickers after World War Two, destroyed much of Southeast Asia. It also tells how the myth of American greatest has come home to roost and is now manifest as the vainglorious, militant Christian nationalist movement that wishes to establish a right-wing dictatorship. Pisces Moon argues that the survival of American democracy, and the world, depends upon people being able to distinguish between material evidence and substantiated facts on the one hand, and conspiracy theories, religious beliefs, and supremacist myths on the other. |
| gladio documentary: Manufacturing Terrorism T. J. Coles, 2018-12-07 What if your own government deliberately creates terrorists? What if their short-term aims – deposing regimes that no longer serve Western interests, justifying invasions of sovereign nations, and expanding the security state at home – have long-term consequences for us all? What if most of the horrific bombings, stabbings and vehicle attacks of recent years are connected – indirectly and sometimes directly – to British, French and American intelligence? These and other hard-hitting questions are posed by T. J. Coles in this disturbing survey of secret political manoeuvrings and covert manipulation. Welcome to the world of manufactured terrorism… Backed by a wealth of documentation, including court records, parliamentary inquiries and little-known but official publications, the author exposes the role of the deep state in brutal acts of terror. Exploring Operation Gladio, Northern Irish terror and, predominantly, Islamic jihad, he argues that intelligence agencies, the military and governments employ six key methods to manufacture terrorism: 1/ Blowback: attacking other countries and provoking violent responses. 2/ Proxies: creating terrorists (including al-Qaeda) and using them against enemies. 3/ Provocateurs: provoking individuals from minorities into committing terrorist acts. 4/ Green-lighting: allowing terrorists to commit attacks in order to justify specific policies. 5/ False-flags: committing terrorism and blaming it on designated enemies. 6/ Simulations: holding drills and exercises as covers for apparent terrorist acts. Contrary to claims that terrorism is caused by people who simply ‘hate our way of life’ – and in contrast to the simplistic narrative of conspiracy websites and talk-shows – Coles argues that each case of terrorism needs to be evaluated separately. Manufacturing Terrorism presents a complex picture that distinguishes between cases of blowback, proxies, false-flags, simulations, etc. It offers an indispensable briefing to help readers make sense of our chaotic and dangerous world. |
| gladio documentary: City of Fear David Hewson, 2010-05-25 BONUS: This edition contains an excerpt from David Hewson's The Fallen Angel. It’s the height of the tourist season in Rome, and security is tight as world leaders gather for a G8 summit. While politicians bicker behind the walls of the illustrious Palazzo del Quirinale, a terrible threat is lurking outside—a threat that’s been dormant for a long time but is now very much awake. In David Hewson’s powerful new thriller, Detective Nic Costa and the men and women of the Questura must work in secret to thwart a conspiracy that reaches higher than any of them could have imagined. In the early hours of a sultry summer evening, a government car comes under fire along the narrow Via delle Quattro Fontane. When the shots die away, one person lies dead and another—Ministry of Interior official Giovanni Batisti—has been abducted. The terrible fate of the missing bureaucrat is soon revealed—leaving all of Italy in shock. Who would do such a thing? And why? All signs point to a mysterious terrorist group that calls itself the Blue Demon, an organization whose last campaign of violence ended two decades ago. For Detective Nic Costa, solving this case is an all-consuming obsession. But as he and his team begin their investigation, they find themselves reduced to expensive bodyguards—and their hands tied with red tape—until tragedy strikes and claims one of their own. Hampered at every turn by the Ministry of Interior’s meddling security chief and a cagey and powerful prime minister, Costa and the members of his team are determined to pursue their quest for justice. As one terror attack after another sends the Eternal City spiraling into panic, Nic Costa vows that nothing will stop him from catching a vengeful madman bent on tearing apart his city, its people, and its very history. |
| gladio documentary: The Dual State Eric Wilson, 2016-03-23 This volume presents a practical demonstration of the relevance of Carl Schmitt's thought to parapolitical studies, arguing that his constitutional theory is the one best suited to investing the ’deep state’ with intellectual and doctrinal coherence. Critiquing Schmitt’s work from a variety of intellectual perspectives, the chapters discuss current parapolitical reality within the domain of criminology, the parapolitical nature of both the dual state and the national security state corporate complex. Using the USA as a prime example of the world’s current dual or ’deep political state’, the criminogenic dimensions of the parapolitical systems of post 9/11 America are discussed. Using case studies, the dual state is examined as the causal factor of inexplicable parapolitical events within both the developed and developing world, including Sweden, Canada, Italy, Turkey, and Africa. |
| gladio documentary: Italian Neofascism Anna Cento Bull, 2011-12 During the Cold War Italy witnessed the existence of an anomalous version of a civil conflict, defined as a 'creeping' or a 'low-intensity' civil war. Political violence escalated, including bomb attacks against civilians, starting with a massacre in Milan, on 12 December 1969, and culminating with the massacre in Bologna, on 2 August 1980. Making use of the literature on national reconciliation and narrative psychology theory, this book examines the fight over the 'judicial' and the 'historical' truth in Italy today, through a contrasting analysis of judicial findings and the 'narratives of victimhood' prevalent among representatives of both the post- and the neo-fascist right. |
| gladio documentary: Contemporary Italian Narrative and 1970s Terrorism David Ward, 2017-02-13 This book is about literary representations of the both left- and right-wing Italian terrorism of the 1970s by contemporary Italian authors. In offering detailed analyses of the many contemporary novels that have terrorism in either their foreground or background, it offers a “take” on postmodern narrative practices that is alternative to and more positive than the highly critical assessment of Italian postmodernism that has characterized some sectors of current Italian literary criticism. It explores how contemporary Italian writers have developed narrative strategies that enable them to represent the fraught experience of Italian terrorism in the 1970s. In its conclusions, the book suggests that to meet the challenge of representation posed by terrorism fiction rather than fact is the writer’s best friend and most effective tool. |
| gladio documentary: Documentary Journal of the General Assembly of the State Indiana Indiana, 1889 |
| gladio documentary: The Palgrave Handbook of Non-State Actors in East-West Relations Péter Marton, Gry Thomasen, Csaba Békés, András Rácz, 2024-09-28 The Handbook introduces to readers (accessibly for specialist and non-specialist scholars, students and layman audiences) the diverse universe of non-state actors (NSAs) that have played or are currently playing a significant role in the context of East-West relations (from 1945 to the present). With a view to the oft-seen political debates about which non- state actors may be independent or controlled by particular states, and in what ways they may be useful or harmful to the interests of particular actors, this volume is interested in analysing and assessing the relationship of NSAs to key state actors in the context of the politics of East-West relations. Key state actors in this context include more than just the United States (on the one hand) and the Soviet Union or Russia (on the other hand). To offer a structured overview, the volume explores possible typologies of the relationships conceivable between NSAs and states. New concepts and organising principles are presented, to support a process-tracing analysis of the evolution of proxy ships, partnerships and other types of connections between states and non-state actors. Degrees, sources and types of control and influence are considered. Further, the Handbook's chapters also examine NSAs’ impact on the dynamics of interstate conflict and cooperation in the East-West dimension. The systematic examination of the relationship between states and NSAs in East-West relations proposed here is the first undertaking of its kind. International scholarship in political science and strategic analyses have so far neglected to develop an analytical framework and a truly nuanced understanding that could capture the intricate and multilevel relationships that exists between NSAs and states in this context. |
| gladio documentary: Documentary Illustrations of the Principles to be Kept in View in the Interpretation of the Thirty-nine Articles William Beadon Heathcote, 1841 |
| gladio documentary: Baseless Nicholson Baker, 2021-07-20 “Staggeringly good.” —Counterpunch A major new work, a hybrid of history, journalism, and memoir, about the modern Freedom of Information Act—FOIA—and the horrifying, decades-old government misdeeds that it is unable to demystify, from one of America's most celebrated writers Eight years ago, while investigating the possibility that the United States had used biological weapons in the Korean War, Nicholson Baker requested a series of Air Force documents from the early 1950s under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. Years went by, and he got no response. Rather than wait forever, Baker set out to keep a personal journal of what it feels like to try to write about major historical events in a world of pervasive redactions, witheld records, and glacially slow governmental responses. The result is one of the most original and daring works of nonfiction in recent memory, a singular and mesmerizing narrative that tunnels into the history of some of the darkest and most shameful plans and projects of the CIA, the Air Force, and the presidencies of Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower. In his lucid and unassuming style, Baker assembles what he learns, piece by piece, about Project Baseless, a crash Pentagon program begun in the early fifties that aimed to achieve an Air Force-wide combat capability in biological and chemical warfare at the earliest possible date. Along the way, he unearths stories of balloons carrying crop disease, leaflet bombs filled with feathers, suicidal scientists, leaky centrifuges, paranoid political-warfare tacticians, insane experiments on animals and humans, weaponized ticks, ferocious propaganda battles with China, and cover and deception plans meant to trick the Kremlin into ramping up its germ-warfare program. At the same time, Baker tells the stories of the heroic journalists and lawyers who have devoted their energies to wresting documentary evidence from government repositories, and he shares anecdotes from his daily life in Maine feeding his dogs and watching the morning light gather on the horizon. The result is an astonishing and utterly disarming story about waiting, bureaucracy, the horrors of war, and, above all, the cruel secrets that the United States government seems determined to keep forever from its citizens. |
| gladio documentary: Operation Gladio Paul L. Williams, 2015-02-03 This disturbing exposé describes a secret alliance forged at the close of World War II by the CIA, the Sicilian and US mafias, and the Vatican to thwart the possibility of a Communist invasion of Europe. Journalist Paul L. Williams presents evidence suggesting the existence of “stay-behind” units in many European countries consisting of five thousand to fifteen thousand military operatives. According to the author’s research, the initial funding for these guerilla armies came from the sale of large stocks of SS morphine that had been smuggled out of Germany and Italy and of bogus British bank notes that had been produced in concentration camps by skilled counterfeiters. As the Cold War intensified, the units were used not only to ward off possible invaders, but also to thwart the rise of left-wing movements in South America and NATO-based countries by terror attacks. Williams argues that Operation Gladio soon gave rise to the toppling of governments, wholesale genocide, the formation of death squads, financial scandals on a grand scale, the creation of the mujahideen, an international narcotics network, and, most recently, the ascendancy of Jorge Mario Bergoglio, a Jesuit cleric with strong ties to Operation Condor (an outgrowth of Gladio in Argentina) as Pope Francis I. Sure to be controversial, Operation Gladio connects the dots in ways the mainstream media often overlooks. |
| gladio documentary: The Western in the Global South MaryEllen Higgins, Rita Keresztesi, Dayna Oscherwitz, 2015-04-24 The Western in the Global South investigates the Western film genre's impact, migrations, and reconfigurations in the Global South. Contributors explore how cosmopolitan directors have engaged with, appropriated, and subverted the tropes and conventions of Hollywood and Italian Westerns, and how Global South Westerns and Post-Westerns in particular address the inequities brought about by postcolonial patriarchy, globalization and neoliberalism. The book offers a wide range of historical engagements with the genre, from African, Caribbean, South and Southeast Asian, Central and South American, and transnational directors. The contributors employ interdisciplinary cultural studies approaches to cinema, integrating aesthetic considerations with historical, political, and gender studies readings of the international appropriations and U.S. re-appropriations of the Western genre. |
| gladio documentary: Lost in Transition: Constructing Memory in Contemporary Spain H. Rosi Song, 2016-05-06 This book examines contemporary recollection of Spain’s transition to democracy in the late 1970s and its connection to the country's current political, financial and cultural crises through fiction, film, and television. |
| gladio documentary: Terrorism in the Cold War , 2020-09-17 Accounts of the relationships between states and terrorist organizations in the Cold War era have long been shaped by speculation, a lack of primary sources and even conspiracy theories. In the last few years, however, things have evolved rapidly. Using a wide range of case studies including the British State and Loyalist Paramilitaries in Northern Ireland, as well as the United States and Nicaragua, this book sheds new light on the relations between state and terrorist actors, allowing for a fresh and much more insightful assessment of the contacts, dealings, agreements and collusion with terrorist organizations undertaken by state actors on both sides of the Iron Curtain. This book presents the current state of research and provides an assessment of the nature, motives, effects, and major historical shifts of the relations between individual states and terrorist organizations. The articles collected demonstrate that these state-terrorism relationships were not only much more ambiguous than much of the older literature had suggested but are, in fact, crucial for the understanding of global political history in the Cold War era. |
| gladio documentary: Pure Act Michael N. McGregor, 2015-09-22 Excellence in Publishing Award, Association of Catholic Publishers Honorable Mention, Catholic Press Association Book Award Finalist, Washington State Book Award Pure Act tells the story of poet Robert Lax, whose quest to live a true life as both an artist and a spiritual seeker inspired Thomas Merton, Jack Kerouac, William Maxwell and a host of other writers, artists and ordinary people. Known in the U.S. primarily as Merton’s best friend and in Europe as a daringly original avant-garde poet, Lax left behind a promising New York writing career to travel with a circus, live among immigrants in post-war Marseilles and settle on a series of remote Greek islands where he learned and recorded the simple wisdom of the local people. Born a Jew, he became a Catholic and found the authentic community he sought in Greek Orthodox fishermen and sponge divers. In his early life, as he alternated working at The New Yorker, writing screenplays in Hollywood and editing a Paris literary journal with studying philosophy, serving the poor in Harlem and living in a sanctuary high in the French Alps, Lax pursued an approach to life he called pure act―a way of living in the moment that was both spontaneous and practiced, God-inspired and self-chosen. By devoting himself to simplicity, poverty and prayer, he expanded his capacity for peace, joy and love while producing distinctive poetry of such stark beauty critics called him “one of America’s greatest experimental poets” and “one of the new ‘saints’ of the avant-garde.” Written by a writer who met Lax in Greece when he was a young seeker himself and visited him regularly over fifteen years, Pure Act is an intimate look at an extraordinary but little-known life. Much more than just a biography, it’s a tale of adventure, an exploration of friendship, an anthology of wisdom, and a testament to the liberating power of living an uncommon life. |
| gladio documentary: Journalism in an Age of Terror John Lloyd, 2016-10-30 The threat of terrorism and the increasing power of terrorist groups has prompted a rapid growth of the security services and changes in legislation, permitting the collection of communications data. This provides journalism with acute dilemmas. The media claims responsibility for holding power to account, yet cannot know more than superficial details about the newly empowered secret services. This book is the first to analyze, in the aftermath of the Snowden/NSA revelations, relations between two key institutions in the modern state: the intelligence services and the news media. It provides the answers to crucial questions including: how can power be held to account if one of the greatest state powers is secret? How far have the Snowden/NSA revelations damaged the activities of the secret services? And have governments lost all trust from journalists and the public? |
| gladio documentary: Italy, Europe, The Left Vassilis Fouskas, 2018-12-20 Published in 1998. Was the Italian Communist Party (PCI) a typical Social Democratic party in tune with the programmatic principles of the Second International? What is the appropriate context within which the strategies of 'historic compromise' and Eurocommunism in the 1970s can be analyzed and understood? In what form and to what extent has the process of European integration and the crisis of Keynesianism contributed to the transformation of the party in 1989-91? What caused the collapse of the ruling political class of the First Italian Republic? Why did the transformed PCI, the PDS (Democratic Party of the Left), fail to lead the transition to the Second Italian Republic between 1992 and 1996? Is there any link between the party’s historical factions and the current divisions in the Italian Left? Is it possible to theorize and speculate upon these divisions? Italy, Europe, the Left seeks to answer these questions, debating conventional views and examining the extent to which the end of the Cold War has contributed to a redefinition of the Left’s identity in Italy and Europe. The exemplary methodological framework and the wider European perspective adopted throughout, make the book an indispensable reading in the field of Italian and European politics. |
| gladio documentary: Secrets, Spies and 7/7 Tom Secker, 2014-07-28 On July 7th 2005 London suffered the worst terrorist attack in its history. Despite one of the largest police investigations ever to take place in Britain, to date not a single person has been found guilty for the atrocity that killed over 50 people. Using unsealed court documents and declassified intelligence agency files Secrets, Spies and 7/7 takes you on a journey through the labyrinth of disinformation about the bombings. Drawing on over 7 years of research, Tom Secker shows how the official version of events, which blamed 4 British Muslim men, is a mess of contradictions, errors and fantasies. This unique investigation also explores the 'War on Terror' context in which the attacks took place and shows how an alternative look at the evidence suggests some very different culprits to those blamed by the official story. |
| gladio documentary: History of Pope Boniface VIII and His Times conte Luigi Tosti, 1911 |
| gladio documentary: America's Plans for World Hegemony Calistrat M. Atudorei, The book acidly tells us a story of the rise and decline of one of the greatest empires ever—and surely the most prominent empire, as the existing one in our life time. The most prominent and as the statistical abstracts and documents of the US Congress reveal the most addicted of all empires to an old and continuous military interventionism in every corner of the world. At the beginning of his book the author lists and examines closely the new and century-old principles and doctrines incorporated into American foreign policy as a combination between diplomacy and war, and almost always the latter being the winner—i.e. American exceptionality, Monroe Doctrine, Teddy Roosevelt’s “Speak Soft and Carry a Big Stick” diplomacy, Show-the-Flag strategic idiom, Gunboat Diplomacy, Truman and Reagan doctrines, the Domino Theory, the neoconservative Project for a New American Century, Bush Jr. Doctrine of preventive wars etc. Then, quoting highly qualified American sources, the author shocks the reader as he concludes that “the US is no longer a truly democratic state, but one led by oligarchy, an ‘Elite’ that no longer represent the will of the population.” He also emphasizes with logical arguments the existence of the US “Military-industrial complex,” the Deep State, the Financial Cartel etc. He unveils an America in the twilight zone of secretive planning and leadership, strictly controlled global institutions, wars and neocolonialism in the Middle East, Latin America and East Europe, and of 75 years of Soviet Union/Russia incisive and limitless budgeted strategies of confrontation. Basically, in his book Mr. Atudorei exposes a perpetual chain of historical misdeeds having America as its originator: America addicted to militarism; an American militarism addicted to aggression, war and imperial supremacy; 240 years long and continuous American wars addicted to millions of victims; finally millions of victims forgotten by a political propaganda machine addicted to falsehood, deception and lies, and calling invasions, coup d’états and aerial bombings as “humanitarian interventions” bringing peace, freedom and democracy… Radu Toma When referring to the world hegemony of the US, the author points out that in fact the first victim of such a policy is the American people itself who became captive of more or less hidden centers of power (called in various ways: global oligarchy, the military-industrial complex, the financial-banking elite, etc.), centers that usurped the real power in the state and transformed the democratic political system into a simulacrum for the use of masses subject to sophisticated social engineering. Calistrat M. Atudorei shows that the US as an empire with pretention of absolute global supremacy tends to impose its dominance both through non-military wars—cultural, ideological, media, economic—as well as through direct military invasions aiming to punish regimes and nations that do not want to be subjected to them. Working with consistent arguments, the author emphasizes that the plans of subjugation of the whole world are neither recent nor do they relate to the preferences of people who become US presidents. On closer examination, the so-called hosts of the White House appear to us like ordinary puppets in the hands of forces behind the curtain. See in this regard, for example, the current US President Donald Trump’ case, who abandoned his electoral rhetoric, being shaped by the “Deep State” on the line of serving the interests of this all-powerful nebula to the detriment of the American people and peace in the world. Iurie Roşca |
| gladio documentary: The Mysterious Collapse of World Trade Center 7 David Ray Griffin, 2012-12-30 At 5:20 in the afternoon on 9/11, Building 7 of the World Trade Center collapsed, even though it had not been struck by a plane and had fires on only a few floors. The reason for its collapse was considered a mystery. In August 2008, NIST (the National Institute of Standards and Technology) issued its report on WTC 7, declaring that the reason for the collapse of World Trade Center 7 is no longer a mystery and that “science is really behind what we have said.” Showing that neither of these claims is true, David Ray Griffin demonstrates that NIST is guilty of the most serious types of scientific fraud: fabricating, falsifying, and ignoring evidence. He also shows that NIST’s report left intact the central mystery: How could a building damaged by fire—not explosives—have come down in free fall? |
| gladio documentary: The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia , 1993 |
| gladio documentary: Britannica Book of the Year , 1993 |
| gladio documentary: The Journal of Psychohistory , 2007 |
| gladio documentary: Philological and Documentary Studies , 1948 |
| gladio documentary: Philological and Documentary Studies Tulane University. Middle American Research Institute, 1948 |
| gladio documentary: Kriegstüchtig! Marcus Klöckner, 2025-01-06 |
Operation Gladio - Wikipedia
Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, Operation Gladio is used as an informal name for all of them. Stay-behind operations were …
Operation Gladio | How the Mob Financed the CIA's Secret Army
Mar 14, 2025 · After World War II, the CIA launched Operation Gladio, a secret paramilitary network across NATO countries to counter Soviet influence.
gladio - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Oct 19, 2023 · gladio (Cyrillic spelling гладио) masculine singular active past participle of gladiti
Gladio on Steam
Gladio is a first-person, hack n' slash, action game with parkour elements. Fight against multiple different enemy types across different levels, while managing your health along the way. …
Gladio: Alive and Well in Ukraine Since 2014 | VT Foreign Policy
Mar 22, 2022 · It is the same strategy that NATO made in Italy during the Cold War to form the secret paramilitary structure “Gladio”.
Understanding Operation Gladio: The Hidden History of Cold War …
Sep 22, 2024 · Operation Gladio, as a covert Cold War initiative, has significantly shaped current military strategies, particularly in asymmetrical warfare and counter-terrorism. Its legacy …
What does gladio mean? - Definitions.net
Definition of gladio in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of gladio. What does gladio mean? Information and translations of gladio in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions …
gladio in English - Latin-English Dictionary | Glosbe
Check 'gladio' translations into English. Look through examples of gladio translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar.
Gladio in English. Gladio Meaning and Latin to English Translation
Jul 16, 2023 · What does gladio mean in English? If you want to learn gladio in English, you will find the translation here, along with other translations from Latin to English. You can also listen …
English - ONLINE LATIN DICTIONARY
gladio glădĭus (masculine noun II declension masculine singular ablative) If you still have not found the desired word, you can browse the entries in the list below.
Operation Gladio - Wikipedia
Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, Operation Gladio is used as an informal name for all of them. Stay-behind operations were …
Operation Gladio | How the Mob Financed the CIA's Secret Army
Mar 14, 2025 · After World War II, the CIA launched Operation Gladio, a secret paramilitary network across NATO countries to counter Soviet influence.
gladio - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Oct 19, 2023 · gladio (Cyrillic spelling гладио) masculine singular active past participle of gladiti
Gladio on Steam
Gladio is a first-person, hack n' slash, action game with parkour elements. Fight against multiple different enemy types across different levels, while managing your health along the way. …
Gladio: Alive and Well in Ukraine Since 2014 | VT Foreign Policy
Mar 22, 2022 · It is the same strategy that NATO made in Italy during the Cold War to form the secret paramilitary structure “Gladio”.
Understanding Operation Gladio: The Hidden History of Cold War …
Sep 22, 2024 · Operation Gladio, as a covert Cold War initiative, has significantly shaped current military strategies, particularly in asymmetrical warfare and counter-terrorism. Its legacy …
What does gladio mean? - Definitions.net
Definition of gladio in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of gladio. What does gladio mean? Information and translations of gladio in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions …
gladio in English - Latin-English Dictionary | Glosbe
Check 'gladio' translations into English. Look through examples of gladio translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar.
Gladio in English. Gladio Meaning and Latin to English Translation
Jul 16, 2023 · What does gladio mean in English? If you want to learn gladio in English, you will find the translation here, along with other translations from Latin to English. You can also listen …
English - ONLINE LATIN DICTIONARY
gladio glădĭus (masculine noun II declension masculine singular ablative) If you still have not found the desired word, you can browse the entries in the list below.
