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| george antonius the arab awakening: The Arab Awakening George Antonius, 2015-03-16 In The Arab Awakening, George Antonius details the story of the Arab movement: its origins, development, and obstacles. Initially published on the brink of WWII in 1939, this history is the first of its kind in its examination of Arab nationalism from the nineteenth century through the first half of the twentieth century. According to Antonius, Arab nationalism began stirring under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and erupted with the Arab Revolt, which lasted from 1916 to 1918. This book traces the evolution of Arab nationalism from Ottoman colonialism, to Anglo-French imperialism, and finally to political independence. Antonius demonstrates how the Arab nationalist movement was a positive force that advocated for political rights. Antonius's original research traces the shaping of the modern Middle East and remains of significant historiographical value for scholars and activists. Published prior to the creation of Israel, Antonius's classic provides the story and significance of Arab nationalism and offers insight on modern problems in the Middle East. George Habib Antonius (1891-1942), a Lebanese-Egyptian scholar and diplomat, was among the first historians of Arab nationalism. Antonious graduated from Cambridge University and joined the newly formed British Mandate of Palestine as deputy of the Education Department. His groundbreaking research in The Arab Awakening sparked debate on the origins of Arab nationalism, the role of the Arab Revolt, and the political changes post WWI. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Arab Awakening George Antonius, 2001 This remarkable book on a complex and controversial subject is widely regarded as the best full account of the rise of the Arab national movement. After several years of travel and research in all parts of the Arab world, the author managed to gain access to all the relevant material necessary to the writing of a book such as this - much of the material having been unavailable to other writers on the subject. The fruits of Mr. Antonius's research have been embodied in this unique story of the origins and development of the national movement from its earliest beginnings in the nineteenth century down to the post-World War I era. In addition to the narrative account and assessments of military and political leaders, including Lawrence of Arabia, the book contains a set of documents of fundamental importance to the history of the Arab revival. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Arab Awakening, the Story of the Arab National Movement, by George Antonius ... George Antonius, 1945 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Arab Awakening George Antonius, 1946 First published in 1938, this fine book is the first study of the Arab national movement ever written. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Betrayal Of Palestine Susan Boyle, 2018-03-05 This definitive biography of George Antonius tells the life story of a man who lived during a dramatic period of history, amid challenge that remains unresolved: the Palestine-Zionist conflict. Betrayal of Palestine is an important and innovative work about the continuing controversy of empire and nationalism. This book traces Antonius's contribution and ideas on nation building and good governance and resonates for contemporary seekers of peace in the Middle East. As an archaeology of ideas and meaning, the book will be of great significance for the millennium. It speaks to the paradigm of a conqueror's code, and to the ever present danger of special interests capturing public policy and corrupting good governance.By rediscovering Antonius's message about institutions and nation building, and the true meaning of morality, conscience and public service, Betrayal of Palestine speaks to contemporary people in a voice that reconnects the past with the present. The book offers hope to a region where many solutions have failed, and a reminder that the solutions have been there all along, in the people and traditions of the Middle East, but they have been obscured by a conqueror's code of empire and nationalism. It is a reminder of the genius of democracy and the power of first principles: that ordinary people are important, that power must be shared, and that society as nation transcends tribalism and its more virulent contemporary form: nationalism. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival Martin Seth Kramer, 2011-12-31 Over the past decade, the political ground beneath the Middle East has shifted. Arab nationalism the political orthodoxy for most of this century has lost its grip on the imagination and allegiance of a new generation. At the same time, Islam as an ideology has spread across the region, and Islamists bid to capture the center of politics. Most Western scholars and experts once hailed the redemptive power of Arabism. Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival is a critical assessment of the contradictions of Arab nationalism and Islamic fundamentalism, and the misrepresentation of both in the West. The first part of the book argues that Arab nationalism--the so-called Arab awakening--bore within it the seeds of its own failure. Arabism as an idea drew upon foreign sources and resources. Even as it claimed to liberate the Arabs from imperialism it deepened intellectual dependence upon the West's own romanticism and radicalism. Ultimately, Arab nationalism became a force of oppression rather than liberation, and a mirror image of the imperialism it defied. Kramer's essays together form the only chronological telling and the at fully documented postmortem of Arabism. The second part of the book examines the similar failings of Islamism, whose ideas are Islamic reworkings of Western ideological radicalism. Its effect has been to give new life to old rationales for oppression, authoritarianism, and sectarian division. Arab Awakening and Islamic Revival provides an alternative view of a century of Middle Eastern history. As the region moves fitfully past ideology, Kramer's perspective is more compelling than at any time in the past-in Western academe no less than among many in the Middle. This book will be of interest to sociologists, political scientists, economists, and Middle East specialists. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798–1939 Albert Hourani, 1983-06-23 Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798–1939 is the most comprehensive study of the modernizing trend of political and social thought in the Arab Middle East. Albert Hourani studies the way in which ideas about politics and society changed during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries, in response to the expanding influence of Europe. His main attention is given to the movement of ideas in Egypt and Lebanon. He shows how two streams of thought, the one aiming to restate the social principles of Islam, and the other to justify the separation of religion from politics, flowed into each other to create the Egyptian and Arab nationalisms of the present century. The last chapter of the book surveys the main tendencies of thought in the post-war years. Since its publication in 1962, this book has been regarded as a modern classic of interpretation. It was reissued by the Cambridge University Press in 1983 and has subsequently sold over 8000 copies. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Last Ottoman Generation and the Making of the Modern Middle East Michael Provence, 2017-08-18 The modern Middle East emerged out of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, when Britain and France partitioned the Ottoman Arab lands into several new colonial states. The following period was a charged and transformative time of unrest. Insurgent leaders, trained in Ottoman military tactics and with everything to lose from the fall of the Empire, challenged the mandatory powers in a number of armed revolts. This is a study of this crucial period in Middle Eastern history, tracing the period through popular political movements and the experience of colonial rule. In doing so, Provence emphasises the continuity between the late Ottoman and Colonial era, explaining how national identities emerged, and how the seeds were sown for many of the conflicts which have defined the Middle East in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This is a valuable read for students of Middle Eastern history and politics. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arabic Thought beyond the Liberal Age Jens Hanssen, Max Weiss, 2016-12-22 What is the relationship between thought and practice in the domains of language, literature and politics? Is thought the only standard by which to measure intellectual history? How did Arab intellectuals change and affect political, social, cultural and economic developments from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries? This volume offers a fundamental overhaul and revival of modern Arab intellectual history. Using Hourani's Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939 (Cambridge, 1962) as a starting point, it reassesses Arabic cultural production and political thought in the light of current scholarship and extends the analysis beyond Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and the outbreak of World War II. The chapters offer a mixture of broad-stroke history on the construction of 'the Muslim world', and the emergence of the rule of law and constitutionalism in the Ottoman empire, as well as case studies on individual Arab intellectuals that illuminate the transformation of modern Arabic thought. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Crossing Mandelbaum Gate Kai Bird, 2010-04-20 *From the Pulitzer Prize-winning coauthor of American Prometheus—the inspiration for the Academy Award-winning film Oppenheimer* Now with a new introduction, Kai Bird’s fascinating memoir of his early years spent in Israel, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Lebanon provides an original and illuminating perspective into the Arab-Israeli conflict. In 1956, four-year-old Kai Bird, son of a charming American diplomat, moved to Jerusalem with his family. Kai could hear church bells and the Muslim call to prayer and watch as donkeys and camels competed with cars for space on the narrow streets. Each day on his way to school, Kai was driven through Mandelbaum Gate, where armed soldiers guarded the line separating Israeli-controlled West Jerusalem from Arab-controlled East. Bird would spend much of his life crossing such lines—as a child in Jerusalem, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt, and later, as a young man in Lebanon. In Crossing Mandelbaum Gate, a narrative that “rips along like a spy novel” (The New York Times Book Review), Bird’s retelling of “events such as Suez in 1956, the Six Day War of 1967, and Black September in 1970 are as clear and fresh as yesterday” (The Spectator, UK). Bird vividly portrays emblematic figures like George Antonius, author of The Arab Awakening; Jordan’s King Hussein; the Palestinian hijacker Leila Khaled; Salem bin Laden; Saudi King Faisal; President Nasser of Egypt; and Hillel Kook, the forgotten rescuer of more than 100,000 Jews during World War II. Bird, his parents sympathetic to Palestinian self-determination and his wife the daughter of two Holocaust survivors, has written a “kaleidoscopic and captivating” (Publishers Weekly) personal history of a troubled region and an indispensable addition to the literature on the modern Middle East. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Israel in the Middle East Itamar Rabinovich, Jehuda Reinharz, 2008 An anthology of the most important documents on the domestic and foreign policy of the modern state of Israel, in relation to the rest of the Middle East |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Arabs and the Holocaust Gilbert Achcar, 2024-09-04 An unprecedented and judicious examination of what the Holocaust means—and doesn't mean—in the Arab world, one of the most explosive subjects of our time There is no more inflammatory topic than the Arabs and the Holocaust—the phrase alone can occasion outrage. The terrain is dense with ugly claims and counterclaims: one side is charged with Holocaust denial, the other with exploiting a tragedy while denying the tragedies of others. In this pathbreaking book, political scientist Gilbert Achcar explores these conflicting narratives and considers their role in today's Middle East dispute. He analyzes the various Arab responses to Nazism, from the earliest intimations of the genocide, through the creation of Israel and the destruction of Palestine and up to our own time, critically assessing the political and historical context for these responses. Finally, he challenges distortions of the historical record, while making no concessions to anti-Semitism or Holocaust denial. Valid criticism of the other, Achcar insists, must go hand in hand with criticism of oneself. Drawing on previously unseen sources in multiple languages, Achcar offers a unique mapping of the Arab world, in the process defusing an international propaganda war that has become a major stumbling block in the path of Arab-Western understanding. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East James P. Jankowski, I. Gershoni, 1997 The fourteen original essays in this volume explore the psychological, political, and cultural bases of Arab nationalism since World War I and are arranged around broad themes of study: academic constructions of nationalist history, nationalist presentations of Arab histories, conflict among competing nationalist visions, and more. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arabs and Young Turks Hasan Kayali, 2023-09-01 Arabs and Young Turks provides a detailed study of Arab politics in the late Ottoman Empire as viewed from the imperial capital in Istanbul. In an analytical narrative of the Young Turk period (1908-1918) historian Hasan Kayali discusses Arab concerns on the one hand and the policies of the Ottoman government toward the Arabs on the other. Kayali's novel use of documents from the Ottoman archives, as well as Arabic sources and Western and Central European documents, enables him to reassess conventional wisdom on this complex subject and to present an original appraisal of proto-nationalist ideologies as the longest-living Middle Eastern dynasty headed for collapse. He demonstrates the persistence and resilience of the supranational ideology of Islamism which overshadowed Arab and Turkish ethnic nationalism in this crucial transition period. Kayali's study reaches back to the nineteenth century and highlights both continuity and change in Arab-Turkish relations from the reign of Abdulhamid II to the constitutional period ushered in by the revolution of 1908. Arabs and Young Turks is essential for an understanding of contemporary issues such as Islamist politics and the continuing crises of nationalism in the Middle East. Arabs and Young Turks provides a detailed study of Arab politics in the late Ottoman Empire as viewed from the imperial capital in Istanbul. In an analytical narrative of the Young Turk period (1908-1918) historian Hasan Kayali discusses Arab conce |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Clarion of Syria Butrus al-Bustani, 2019-04-30 A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. When Nafir Suriyya—“The Clarion of Syria”—was penned between September 1860 and April 1861, its author Butrus al-Bustani, a major figure in the modern Arabic Renaissance, had witnessed his homeland undergo unprecedented violence in what many today consider Lebanon’s first civil war. Written during Ottoman and European investigations into the causes and culprits of the atrocities, The Clarion of Syria is both a commentary on the politics of state intervention and social upheaval, and a set of visions for the future of Syrian society in the wake of conflict. This translation makes a key historical document accessible for the first time to an English audience. An introduction by the translators sketches the history that led up to the civil strife in Mt. Lebanon, outlines a brief biography of Butrus al-Bustani, and provides an authoritative overview of the literary style and historiography of Nafir Suriyya. Rereading these pamphlets in the context of today’s political violence, in war-torn Syria and elsewhere in the Arab world, helps us gain a critical and historical perspective on sectarianism, foreign invasions, conflict resolution, Western interventionism, and nationalist tropes of reconciliation. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arab Patriotism Adam Mestyan, 2017-05-09 How the support of patriotic sentiments in Ottoman Egypt led to an emerging Arab nationalism Arab Patriotism presents the essential backstory to the formation of the modern nation-state and mass nationalism in the Middle East. While standard histories claim that the roots of Arab nationalism emerged in opposition to the Ottoman milieu, Adam Mestyan points to the patriotic sentiment that grew in the Egyptian province of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century, arguing that it served as a pivotal way station on the path to the birth of Arab nationhood. Through extensive archival research, Mestyan examines the collusion of various Ottoman elites in creating this nascent sense of national belonging and finds that learned culture played a central role in this development. Mestyan investigates the experience of community during this period, engendered through participation in public rituals and being part of a theater audience. He describes the embodied and textual ways these experiences were produced through urban spaces, poetry, performances, and journals. From the Khedivial Opera House's staging of Verdi's Aida and the first Arabic magazine to the ‘Urabi revolution and the restoration of the authority of Ottoman viceroys under British occupation, Mestyan illuminates the cultural dynamics of a regime that served as the precondition for nation-building in the Middle East. A wholly original exploration of Egypt in the context of the Ottoman Empire, Arab Patriotism sheds fresh light on the evolving sense of political belonging in the Arab world. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Origins of Arab Nationalism Rashid Khalidi, Lisa Anderson, Muhammad Y. Muslih, Reeva S. Simon, 1991 Contributors, including C. Ernest Dawn, Mahmoud Haddad, Reeva Simon, and Beth Baron, provide a broad survey of the Arab world at the turn of the century, permitting a comparison of developments in a variety of settings from Syria and Egypt to the Hijaz, Libya, and Iraq. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arab Awakening Antonius, 2016-01-31 First published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Imagined Communities Benedict Anderson, 2006-11-17 What are the imagined communities that compel men to kill or to die for an idea of a nation? This notion of nationhood had its origins in the founding of the Americas, but was then adopted and transformed by populist movements in nineteenth-century Europe. It became the rallying cry for anti-Imperialism as well as the abiding explanation for colonialism. In this scintillating, groundbreaking work of intellectual history Anderson explores how ideas are formed and reformulated at every level, from high politics to popular culture, and the way that they can make people do extraordinary things. In the twenty-first century, these debates on the nature of the nation state are even more urgent. As new nations rise, vying for influence, and old empires decline, we must understand who we are as a community in the face of history, and change. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Religious Politics and Secular States Scott W. Hibbard, 2010-10-15 2011 Winner of the Charles H. Levine Memorial Book Prize of the International Political Science Association This comparative analysis probes why conservative renderings of religious tradition in the United States, India, and Egypt remain so influential in the politics of these three ostensibly secular societies. The United States, Egypt, and India were quintessential models of secular modernity in the 1950s and 1960s. By the 1980s and 1990s, conservative Islamists challenged the Egyptian government, India witnessed a surge in Hindu nationalism, and the Christian right in the United States rose to dominate the Republican Party and large swaths of the public discourse. Using a nuanced theoretical framework that emphasizes the interaction of religion and politics, Scott W. Hibbard argues that three interrelated issues led to this state of affairs. First, as an essential part of the construction of collective identities, religion serves as a basis for social solidarity and political mobilization. Second, in providing a moral framework, religion's traditional elements make it relevant to modern political life. Third, and most significant, in manipulating religion for political gain, political elites undermined the secular consensus of the modern state that had been in place since the end of World War II. Together, these factors sparked a new era of right-wing religious populism in the three nations. Although much has been written about the resurgence of religious politics, scholars have paid less attention to the role of state actors in promoting new visions of religion and society. Religious Politics and Secular States fills this gap by situating this trend within long-standing debates over the proper role of religion in public life. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Lawrence of Arabia Richard Aldington, 1971 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Arab Awakening George Antonius, 2013-12-19 First published in 1938, this fine book is the first study of the Arab national movement ever written. 'The whole of this brilliantly written book moves at the same plane of objective and critical scholarship.' Daily Telegraph, London. 'A good book written by a scholar, an expert on the subject and a resident in the country ... a very excellent and extremely able book.' The Observer, London. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Mornings in Jenin Susan Abulhawa, 2010-02-15 A heart-wrenching novel explores how several generations of one Palestinian family cope with the loss of their land after the 1948 creation of Israel and their subsequent life in Palestine, which is often marred by war and violence. A first novel. Reprint. Reading-group guide included. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: “The” Arab Awakening George Antonius, 1938 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arabs Tim Mackintosh-Smith, 2019-04-30 A riveting, comprehensive history of the Arab peoples and tribes that explores the role of language as a cultural touchstone This kaleidoscopic book covers almost 3,000 years of Arab history and shines a light on the footloose Arab peoples and tribes who conquered lands and disseminated their language and culture over vast distances. Tracing this process to the origins of the Arabic language, rather than the advent of Islam, Tim Mackintosh-Smith begins his narrative more than a thousand years before Muhammad and focuses on how Arabic, both spoken and written, has functioned as a vital source of shared cultural identity over the millennia. Mackintosh-Smith reveals how linguistic developments--from pre-Islamic poetry to the growth of script, Muhammad's use of writing, and the later problems of printing Arabic--have helped and hindered the progress of Arab history, and investigates how, even in today's politically fractured post-Arab Spring environment, Arabic itself is still a source of unity and disunity. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Culture and Imperialism Edward W. Said, 2012-10-24 A landmark work from the author of Orientalism that explores the long-overlooked connections between the Western imperial endeavor and the culture that both reflected and reinforced it. Grandly conceived . . . urgently written and urgently needed. . . . No one studying the relations between the metropolitan West and the decolonizing world can ignore Mr. Said's work.' --The New York Times Book Review In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as the Western powers built empires that stretched from Australia to the West Indies, Western artists created masterpieces ranging from Mansfield Park to Heart of Darkness and Aida. Yet most cultural critics continue to see these phenomena as separate. Edward Said looks at these works alongside those of such writers as W. B. Yeats, Chinua Achebe, and Salman Rushdie to show how subject peoples produced their own vigorous cultures of opposition and resistance. Vast in scope and stunning in its erudition, Culture and Imperialism reopens the dialogue between literature and the life of its time. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Western Science in the Arab World Adel A Ziadat, 1986-09-01 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arab Responses to Fascism and Nazism Israel Gershoni, 2014-07-15 The first book to present an analysis of Arab response to fascism and Nazism from the perspectives of both individual countries and the Arab world at large, this collection problematizes and ultimately deconstructs the established narratives that assume most Arabs supported fascism and Nazism leading up to and during World War II. Using new source materials taken largely from Arab memoirs, archives, and print media, the articles reexamine Egyptian, Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, and Iraqi responses in the 1930s and throughout the war. While acknowledging the individuals, forces, and organizations that did support and collaborate with Nazi Germany and fascist Italy, Arab Responses to Fascism and Nazism focuses on the many other Arab voices that identified with Britain and France and with the Allied cause during the war. The authors argue that many groups within Arab societies—elites and non-elites, governing forces, and civilians—rejected Nazism and fascism as totalitarian, racist, and, most important, as new, more oppressive forms of European imperialism. The essays in this volume argue that, in contrast to prevailing beliefs that Arabs were de facto supporters of Italy and Germany—since the enemy of my enemy is my friend—mainstream Arab forces and currents opposed the Axis powers and supported the Allies during the war. They played a significant role in the battles for control over the Middle East. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Tribal Modern Miriam Cooke, 2014-01-21 In the 1970s, one of the most torrid and forbidding regions in the world burst on to the international stage. The discovery and subsequent exploitation of oil allowed tribal rulers of the U.A.E, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait to dream big. How could fishermen, pearl divers and pastoral nomads catch up with the rest of the modernized world? Even today, society is skeptical about the clash between the modern and the archaic in the Gulf. But could tribal and modern be intertwined rather than mutually exclusive? Exploring everything from fantasy architecture to neo-tribal sports and from Emirati dress codes to neo-Bedouin poetry contests, Tribal Modern explodes the idea that the tribal is primitive and argues instead that it is an elite, exclusive, racist, and modern instrument for branding new nations and shaping Gulf citizenship and identity—an image used for projecting prestige at home and power abroad. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: A Beggar at Damascus Gate Yāsamīn Zahrān, 1995 Fiction. Middle Eastern Studies. Cold and alone in an ancient Palestinian village, a travelling archeologist finds the threads of a narrative that will direct his life for the coming decade. Its characters are a Palestinian woman and an English man, each deeply commited to the conflicting demands of love and national loyalties. As the narrator slowly pieces together the fate of two unfortunate lovers, he also uncovers a tale of treachery, duplicity and passion that highlights the contemporary plight of the enormous number of displaced Palestinians. Their final resolution surprises them both and reveals a depth to their committments that neither had previously realized--Cole Swenson. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Palestine: The Reality J. M. N. Jeffries, 2017-05-22 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Arab Awakening George Antonius, 2013-12-19 First published in 1938, this fine book is the first study of the Arab national movement ever written. 'The whole of this brilliantly written book moves at the same plane of objective and critical scholarship.' Daily Telegraph, London. 'A good book written by a scholar, an expert on the subject and a resident in the country ... a very excellent and extremely able book.' The Observer, London. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Emergence of the Modern Middle East Albert Hourani, 1981-01-01 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Arabic and Its Alternatives Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez Summerer, Tijmen C. Baarda, 2020 Preface / Heleen Murre-van den Berg -- Note on Transcription -- Notes on Contributors -- 1. Arabic and Its Alternatives: Language and Religion in the Ottoman Empire and Its Successor States / Heleen Murre-van den Berg -- 2. Vernacularization as Governmentalization: the Development of Kurdish in Mandate Iraq / Michiel Leezenberg -- 3. Yan, Of, Ef, Viç, İç, İs, Dis, Pulos ...: the Surname Reform, the Non-Muslims, and the Politics of Uncertainty in Post-genocidal Turkey / Emmanuel Szurek -- 4. Young Phoenicians and the Quest for a Lebanese Language: between Lebanonism, Phoenicianism, and Arabism / Franck Salameh -- 5. Those Who Pronounce the Ḍād: Language and Ethnicity in the Nationalist Poetry of Fuʼad al-Khatib (1880-1957) / Peter Wien -- 6. Arabic and the Syriac Christians in Iraq: Three Levels of Loyalty to the Arabist Project (1920-1950) / Tijmen C. Baarda -- 7. Awakening, or Watchfulness: Naum Faiq and Syriac Language Poetry at the Fall of the Ottoman Empire / Robert Isaf -- 8. Global Jewish Philanthropy and Linguistic Pragmatism in Baghdad / Sasha R. Goldstein-Sabbah -- 9. Past Perfect: Jewish Memories of Language and the Politics of Arabic in Mandate Palestine / Liora R. Halperin -- 10. United by Faith, Divided by Language: the Orthodox in Jerusalem / Merav Mack --11. Arabic vs. Greek: the Linguistic Aspect of the Jerusalem Orthodox Church Controversy in Late Ottoman Times and the British Mandate / Konstantinos Papastathis -- 12. Between Local Power and Global Politics: Playing with Languages in the Franciscan Printing Press of Jerusalem / Leyla Dakhli --13. Epilogue / Cyrus Schayegh -- Index. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Caliphate Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, 1924 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Emergence of the Arab Movements Eliezer Tauber, 2013-02-01 Published in the year 1993, The Emergence of the Arab Movements is a valuable contribution to the field of Middle Eastern Studies. |
| george antonius the arab awakening: The Nationalist Crusade in Syria Elizabeth Pauline MacCallum, 1928 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: Egypt in the Arab World A. I. Dawisha, 1976 |
| george antonius the arab awakening: "Absolute Rot." Henry James Swallow, 1912 |
George (given name) - Wikipedia
George Washington, the first president of the United States. George (English: / ˈ dʒ ɔːr dʒ /) is a masculine given name derived from the Greek Georgios (Γεώργιος; Ancient Greek: …
George - Name Meaning and Origin
The name George is of Greek origin and means "farmer" or "earthworker." It is derived from the Greek word "georgos," which combines "ge" meaning "earth" and "ergon" meaning "work." …
George - Meaning of George, What does George mean? - BabyNamesPedia
George is used predominantly in the English language and its origin is Old Greek. The name's meaning is farmer, earthworker . Georgius (Latin) and Georgos (Old Greek) are old forms of …
George - Name Meaning, What does George mean? - Think Baby Names
What does George mean? G eorge as a boys' name is pronounced jorj. It is of Greek origin, and the meaning of George is "farmer". From Greek Georgios, a derivative of geôrgos "farmer", …
George: Name Meaning and Origin - SheKnows
George is a traditionally masculine name with Greek and English roots. The prevailing meaning of George is "farmer" — in Greek it comes from "georgos" which indicates a tiller of the soil.
George Name Meaning, Origin, Popularity, Boy Names Like George …
Apr 6, 2025 · The name George has remained popular throughout the centuries, and is one of the most common names in the English-speaking world. In the United States, the name George …
Meaning, origin and history of the name George
May 30, 2025 · Initially Saint George was primarily revered by Eastern Christians, but returning crusaders brought stories of him to Western Europe and he became the patron of England, …
George: Name Meaning, Popularity and Info on BabyNames.com
Jun 4, 2025 · The name George is a male given name of Greek origin, which means "farmer" or "earthworker." It was originally derived from the Greek name Georgios, which was composed …
George - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 29, 2025 · George Soros remains a favorite target of conservative conspiracy theorists, seeing his corrupting influence behind every liberal movement and within every nook and …
George - Wikipedia
GEORGE (computer), early computer built by Argonne National Laboratory in 1957; GEORGE (operating system), a range of operating systems (George 1–4) for the ICT 1900 range of …
George (given name) - Wikipedia
George Washington, the first president of the United States. George (English: / ˈ dʒ ɔːr dʒ /) is a masculine given name derived from the Greek Georgios (Γεώργιος; Ancient Greek: …
George - Name Meaning and Origin
The name George is of Greek origin and means "farmer" or "earthworker." It is derived from the Greek word "georgos," which combines "ge" meaning "earth" and "ergon" meaning "work." …
George - Meaning of George, What does George mean? - BabyNamesPedia
George is used predominantly in the English language and its origin is Old Greek. The name's meaning is farmer, earthworker . Georgius (Latin) and Georgos (Old Greek) are old forms of …
George - Name Meaning, What does George mean? - Think Baby Names
What does George mean? G eorge as a boys' name is pronounced jorj. It is of Greek origin, and the meaning of George is "farmer". From Greek Georgios, a derivative of geôrgos "farmer", …
George: Name Meaning and Origin - SheKnows
George is a traditionally masculine name with Greek and English roots. The prevailing meaning of George is "farmer" — in Greek it comes from "georgos" which indicates a tiller of the soil.
George Name Meaning, Origin, Popularity, Boy Names Like George …
Apr 6, 2025 · The name George has remained popular throughout the centuries, and is one of the most common names in the English-speaking world. In the United States, the name George …
Meaning, origin and history of the name George
May 30, 2025 · Initially Saint George was primarily revered by Eastern Christians, but returning crusaders brought stories of him to Western Europe and he became the patron of England, …
George: Name Meaning, Popularity and Info on BabyNames.com
Jun 4, 2025 · The name George is a male given name of Greek origin, which means "farmer" or "earthworker." It was originally derived from the Greek name Georgios, which was composed …
George - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 29, 2025 · George Soros remains a favorite target of conservative conspiracy theorists, seeing his corrupting influence behind every liberal movement and within every nook and …
George - Wikipedia
GEORGE (computer), early computer built by Argonne National Laboratory in 1957; GEORGE (operating system), a range of operating systems (George 1–4) for the ICT 1900 range of …
