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| graphs surfaces and homology: Graphs, Surfaces and Homology P. Giblin, 2013-06-29 viii homology groups. A weaker result, sufficient nevertheless for our purposes, is proved in Chapter 5, where the reader will also find some discussion of the need for a more powerful in variance theorem and a summary of the proof of such a theorem. Secondly the emphasis in this book is on low-dimensional examples the graphs and surfaces of the title since it is there that geometrical intuition has its roots. The goal of the book is the investigation in Chapter 9 of the properties of graphs in surfaces; some of the problems studied there are mentioned briefly in the Introduction, which contains an in formal survey of the material of the book. Many of the results of Chapter 9 do indeed generalize to higher dimensions (and the general machinery of simplicial homology theory is avai1able from earlier chapters) but I have confined myself to one example, namely the theorem that non-orientable closed surfaces do not embed in three-dimensional space. One of the principal results of Chapter 9, a version of Lefschetz duality, certainly generalizes, but for an effective presentation such a gener- ization needs cohomology theory. Apart from a brief mention in connexion with Kirchhoff's laws for an electrical network I do not use any cohomology here. Thirdly there are a number of digressions, whose purpose is rather to illuminate the central argument from a slight dis tance, than to contribute materially to its exposition. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Graphs, Surfaces and Homology Peter Giblin, 2010-08-12 Homology theory is a powerful algebraic tool that is at the centre of current research in topology and its applications. This accessible textbook will appeal to mathematics students interested in the application of algebra to geometrical problems, specifically the study of surfaces (sphere, torus, Mobius band, Klein bottle). In this introduction to simplicial homology - the most easily digested version of homology theory - the author studies interesting geometrical problems, such as the structure of two-dimensional surfaces and the embedding of graphs in surfaces, using the minimum of algebraic machinery and including a version of Lefschetz duality. Assuming very little mathematical knowledge, the book provides a complete account of the algebra needed (abelian groups and presentations), and the development of the material is always carefully explained with proofs given in full detail. Numerous examples and exercises are also included, making this an ideal text for undergraduate courses or for self-study. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Graphs, surfaces and homology : an introduction to algebraic topology Peter J. Giblin, 1981 |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Graphs, Surfaces and Homology P. J. Giblin, 2010 An elementary introduction to homology theory suitable for undergraduate courses or for self-study. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Graphs, Surfaces and Homology P. J. Giblin, 1977-01-01 |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Graphs, Surfaces and Homology P. Giblin, 2014-01-15 |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Graphs, Surfaces and Homology by Peter Giblin Peter Giblin, 2010 |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Topological Theory of Graphs Yanpei Liu, 2017-03-06 This book presents a topological approach to combinatorial configurations, in particular graphs, by introducing a new pair of homology and cohomology via polyhedra. On this basis, a number of problems are solved using a new approach, such as the embeddability of a graph on a surface (orientable and nonorientable) with given genus, the Gauss crossing conjecture, the graphicness and cographicness of a matroid, and so forth. Notably, the specific case of embeddability on a surface of genus zero leads to a number of corollaries, including the theorems of Lefschetz (on double coverings), of MacLane (on cycle bases), and of Whitney (on duality) for planarity. Relevant problems include the Jordan axiom in polyhedral forms, efficient methods for extremality and for recognizing a variety of embeddings (including rectilinear layouts in VLSI), and pan-polynomials, including those of Jones, Kauffman (on knots), and Tutte (on graphs), among others. Contents Preliminaries Polyhedra Surfaces Homology on Polyhedra Polyhedra on the Sphere Automorphisms of a Polyhedron Gauss Crossing Sequences Cohomology on Graphs Embeddability on Surfaces Embeddings on Sphere Orthogonality on Surfaces Net Embeddings Extremality on Surfaces Matroidal Graphicness Knot Polynomials |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Topology of Surfaces L.Christine Kinsey, 2012-12-06 . . . that famous pedagogical method whereby one begins with the general and proceeds to the particular only after the student is too confused to understand even that anymore. Michael Spivak This text was written as an antidote to topology courses such as Spivak It is meant to provide the student with an experience in geomet describes. ric topology. Traditionally, the only topology an undergraduate might see is point-set topology at a fairly abstract level. The next course the average stu dent would take would be a graduate course in algebraic topology, and such courses are commonly very homological in nature, providing quick access to current research, but not developing any intuition or geometric sense. I have tried in this text to provide the undergraduate with a pragmatic introduction to the field, including a sampling from point-set, geometric, and algebraic topology, and trying not to include anything that the student cannot immediately experience. The exercises are to be considered as an in tegral part of the text and, ideally, should be addressed when they are met, rather than at the end of a block of material. Many of them are quite easy and are intended to give the student practice working with the definitions and digesting the current topic before proceeding. The appendix provides a brief survey of the group theory needed. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Algebraic Topology Allen Hatcher, 2002 In most mathematics departments at major universities one of the three or four basic first-year graduate courses is in the subject of algebraic topology. This introductory textbook in algebraic topology is suitable for use in a course or for self-study, featuring broad coverage of the subject and a readable exposition, with many examples and exercises. The four main chapters present the basic material of the subject: fundamental group and covering spaces, homology and cohomology, higher homotopy groups, and homotopy theory generally. The author emphasizes the geometric aspects of the subject, which helps students gain intuition. A unique feature of the book is the inclusion of many optional topics which are not usually part of a first course due to time constraints, and for which elementary expositions are sometimes hard to find. Among these are: Bockstein and transfer homomorphisms, direct and inverse limits, H-spaces and Hopf algebras, the Brown representability theorem, the James reduced product, the Dold-Thom theorem, and a full exposition of Steenrod squares and powers. Researchers will also welcome this aspect of the book. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry Csaba D. Toth, Joseph O'Rourke, Jacob E. Goodman, 2017-11-22 The Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry is intended as a reference book fully accessible to nonspecialists as well as specialists, covering all major aspects of both fields. The book offers the most important results and methods in discrete and computational geometry to those who use them in their work, both in the academic world—as researchers in mathematics and computer science—and in the professional world—as practitioners in fields as diverse as operations research, molecular biology, and robotics. Discrete geometry has contributed significantly to the growth of discrete mathematics in recent years. This has been fueled partly by the advent of powerful computers and by the recent explosion of activity in the relatively young field of computational geometry. This synthesis between discrete and computational geometry lies at the heart of this Handbook. A growing list of application fields includes combinatorial optimization, computer-aided design, computer graphics, crystallography, data analysis, error-correcting codes, geographic information systems, motion planning, operations research, pattern recognition, robotics, solid modeling, and tomography. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Graphs & Digraphs, Fourth Edition Gary Chartrand, Linda Lesniak, Ping Zhang, 2004-10-28 With a growing range of applications in fields from computer science to chemistry and communications networks, graph theory has enjoyed a rapid increase of interest and widespread recognition as an important area of mathematics. Through more than 20 years of publication, Graphs & Digraphs has remained a popular point of entry to the field, and through its various editions, has evolved with the field from a purely mathematical treatment to one that also addresses the mathematical needs of computer scientists. Carefully updated, streamlined, and enhanced with new features, Graphs & Digraphs, Fourth Edition reflects many of the developments in graph theory that have emerged in recent years. The authors have added discussions on topics of increasing interest, deleted outdated material, and judiciously augmented the Exercises sections to cover a range of problems that reach beyond the construction of proofs. New in the Fourth Edition: Expanded treatment of Ramsey theory Major revisions to the material on domination and distance New material on list colorings that includes interesting recent results A solutions manual covering many of the exercises available to instructors with qualifying course adoptions A comprehensive bibliography including an updated list of graph theory books Every edition of Graphs & Digraphs has been unique in its reflection the subject as one that is important, intriguing, and most of all beautiful. The fourth edition continues that tradition, offering a comprehensive, tightly integrated, and up-to-date introduction that imparts an appreciation as well as a solid understanding of the material. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Computational Topology for Data Analysis Tamal Krishna Dey, Yusu Wang, 2022-03-10 Topological data analysis (TDA) has emerged recently as a viable tool for analyzing complex data, and the area has grown substantially both in its methodologies and applicability. Providing a computational and algorithmic foundation for techniques in TDA, this comprehensive, self-contained text introduces students and researchers in mathematics and computer science to the current state of the field. The book features a description of mathematical objects and constructs behind recent advances, the algorithms involved, computational considerations, as well as examples of topological structures or ideas that can be used in applications. It provides a thorough treatment of persistent homology together with various extensions – like zigzag persistence and multiparameter persistence – and their applications to different types of data, like point clouds, triangulations, or graph data. Other important topics covered include discrete Morse theory, the Mapper structure, optimal generating cycles, as well as recent advances in embedding TDA within machine learning frameworks. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Topological Theory of Graphs Yanpei Liu, 2017-03-06 This book introduces polyhedra as a tool for graph theory and discusses their properties and applications in solving the Gauss crossing problem. The discussion is extended to embeddings on manifolds, particularly to surfaces of genus zero and non-zero via the joint tree model, along with solution algorithms. Given its rigorous approach, this book would be of interest to researchers in graph theory and discrete mathematics. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: A Guide to the Classification Theorem for Compact Surfaces Jean Gallier, Dianna Xu, 2013-02-05 This welcome boon for students of algebraic topology cuts a much-needed central path between other texts whose treatment of the classification theorem for compact surfaces is either too formalized and complex for those without detailed background knowledge, or too informal to afford students a comprehensive insight into the subject. Its dedicated, student-centred approach details a near-complete proof of this theorem, widely admired for its efficacy and formal beauty. The authors present the technical tools needed to deploy the method effectively as well as demonstrating their use in a clearly structured, worked example. Ideal for students whose mastery of algebraic topology may be a work-in-progress, the text introduces key notions such as fundamental groups, homology groups, and the Euler-Poincaré characteristic. These prerequisites are the subject of detailed appendices that enable focused, discrete learning where it is required, without interrupting the carefully planned structure of the core exposition. Gently guiding readers through the principles, theory, and applications of the classification theorem, the authors aim to foster genuine confidence in its use and in so doing encourage readers to move on to a deeper exploration of the versatile and valuable techniques available in algebraic topology. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Algorithms - ESA 2010 Mark de Berg, Ulrich Meyer, 2010-08-30 This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, held in Liverpool, UK in September 2010. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Surface Topology P A Firby, C F Gardiner, 2001-06-01 This updated and revised edition of a widely acclaimed and successful text for undergraduates examines topology of recent compact surfaces through the development of simple ideas in plane geometry. Containing over 171 diagrams, the approach allows for a straightforward treatment of its subject area. It is particularly attractive for its wealth of applications and variety of interactions with branches of mathematics, linked with surface topology, graph theory, group theory, vector field theory, and plane Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry. - Examines topology of recent compact surfaces through the development of simple ideas in plane geometry - Contains a wealth of applications and a variety of interactions with branches of mathematics, linked with surface topology, graph theory, group theory, vector field theory, and plane Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Floer Homology, Gauge Theory, and Low-Dimensional Topology Clay Mathematics Institute. Summer School, 2006 Mathematical gauge theory studies connections on principal bundles, or, more precisely, the solution spaces of certain partial differential equations for such connections. Historically, these equations have come from mathematical physics, and play an important role in the description of the electro-weak and strong nuclear forces. The use of gauge theory as a tool for studying topological properties of four-manifolds was pioneered by the fundamental work of Simon Donaldson in the early 1980s, and was revolutionized by the introduction of the Seiberg-Witten equations in the mid-1990s. Since the birth of the subject, it has retained its close connection with symplectic topology.The analogy between these two fields of study was further underscored by Andreas Floer's construction of an infinite-dimensional variant of Morse theory that applies in two a priori different contexts: either to define symplectic invariants for pairs of Lagrangian submanifolds of a symplectic manifold, or to define topological invariants for three-manifolds, which fit into a framework for calculating invariants for smooth four-manifolds. 'Heegaard Floer homology', the recently-discovered invariant for three- and four-manifolds, comes from an application of Lagrangian Floer homology to spaces associated to Heegaard diagrams. Although this theory is conjecturally isomorphic to Seiberg-Witten theory, it is more topological and combinatorial in flavor and thus easier to work with in certain contexts.The interaction between gauge theory, low-dimensional topology, and symplectic geometry has led to a number of striking new developments in these fields. The aim of this volume is to introduce graduate students and researchers in other fields to some of these exciting developments, with a special emphasis on the very fruitful interplay between disciplines. This volume is based on lecture courses and advanced seminars given at the 2004 Clay Mathematics Institute Summer School at the Alfred Renyi Institute of Mathematics in Budapest, Hungary. Several of the authors have added a considerable amount of additional material to that presented at the school, and the resulting volume provides a state-of-the-art introduction to current research, covering material from Heegaard Floer homology, contact geometry, smooth four-manifold topology, and symplectic four-manifolds. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: A Short Course in Computational Geometry and Topology Herbert Edelsbrunner, 2014-04-28 This monograph presents a short course in computational geometry and topology. In the first part the book covers Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulations, then it presents the theory of alpha complexes which play a crucial role in biology. The central part of the book is the homology theory and their computation, including the theory of persistence which is indispensable for applications, e.g. shape reconstruction. The target audience comprises researchers and practitioners in mathematics, biology, neuroscience and computer science, but the book may also be beneficial to graduate students of these fields. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Electromagnetic Theory and Computation Paul W. Gross, P. Robert Kotiuga, 2004-06-14 This book explores the connection between algebraic structures in topology and computational methods for 3-dimensional electric and magnetic field computation. The connection between topology and electromagnetism has been known since the 19th century, but there has been little exposition of its relevance to computational methods in modern topological language. This book is an effort to close that gap. It will be of interest to people working in finite element methods for electromagnetic computation and those who have an interest in numerical and industrial applications of algebraic topology. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: An Introduction to Geometrical Physics Ruben Aldrovandi, J. G. Pereira, 1995 This book stresses the unifying power of the geometrical framework in bringing together concepts from the different areas of physics. Common underpinnings of optics, elasticity, gravitation, relativistic fields, particle mechanics and other subjects are underlined. It attempts to extricate the notion of space currently in the physical literature from the metric connotation.The book's goal is to present mathematical ideas associated with geometrical physics in a rather introductory language. Included are many examples from elementary physics and also, for those wishing to reach a higher level of understanding, a more advanced treatment of the mathematical topics. It is aimed as an elementary text, more so than most others on the market, and is intended for first year graduate students. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Advances in Applied and Computational Topology American Mathematical Society. Short Course on Computational Topology, 2012-07-05 What is the shape of data? How do we describe flows? Can we count by integrating? How do we plan with uncertainty? What is the most compact representation? These questions, while unrelated, become similar when recast into a computational setting. Our input is a set of finite, discrete, noisy samples that describes an abstract space. Our goal is to compute qualitative features of the unknown space. It turns out that topology is sufficiently tolerant to provide us with robust tools. This volume is based on lectures delivered at the 2011 AMS Short Course on Computational Topology, held January 4-5, 2011 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The aim of the volume is to provide a broad introduction to recent techniques from applied and computational topology. Afra Zomorodian focuses on topological data analysis via efficient construction of combinatorial structures and recent theories of persistence. Marian Mrozek analyzes asymptotic behavior of dynamical systems via efficient computation of cubical homology. Justin Curry, Robert Ghrist, and Michael Robinson present Euler Calculus, an integral calculus based on the Euler characteristic, and apply it to sensor and network data aggregation. Michael Erdmann explores the relationship of topology, planning, and probability with the strategy complex. Jeff Erickson surveys algorithms and hardness results for topological optimization problems. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Topics in Topological Graph Theory Lowell W. Beineke, Robin J. Wilson, 2009-07-09 The use of topological ideas to explore various aspects of graph theory, and vice versa, is a fruitful area of research. There are links with other areas of mathematics, such as design theory and geometry, and increasingly with such areas as computer networks where symmetry is an important feature. Other books cover portions of the material here, but there are no other books with such a wide scope. This book contains fifteen expository chapters written by acknowledged international experts in the field. Their well-written contributions have been carefully edited to enhance readability and to standardize the chapter structure, terminology and notation throughout the book. To help the reader, there is an extensive introductory chapter that covers the basic background material in graph theory and the topology of surfaces. Each chapter concludes with an extensive list of references. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Automorphism Groups of Maps, Surfaces and Smarandache Geometries (second edition), graduate text book in mathematics Linfan Mao, 2011 |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Algebraic Elements of Graphs Yanpei Liu, 2017-09-11 This book studies algebraic representations of graphs in order to investigate combinatorial structures via local symmetries. Topological, combinatorial and algebraic classifications are distinguished by invariants of polynomial type and algorithms are designed to determine all such classifications with complexity analysis. Being a summary of the author‘s original work on graph embeddings, this book is an essential reference for researchers in graph theory. Contents Abstract Graphs Abstract Maps Duality Orientability Orientable Maps Nonorientable Maps Isomorphisms of Maps Asymmetrization Asymmetrized Petal Bundles Asymmetrized Maps Maps within Symmetry Genus Polynomials Census with Partitions Equations with Partitions Upper Maps of a Graph Genera of a Graph Isogemial Graphs Surface Embeddability |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Handbook of Mathematics Vialar Thierry, 2023-08-22 The book, revised, consists of XI Parts and 28 Chapters covering all areas of mathematics. It is a tool for students, scientists, engineers, students of many disciplines, teachers, professionals, writers and also for a general reader with an interest in mathematics and in science. It provides a wide range of mathematical concepts, definitions, propositions, theorems, proofs, examples, and numerous illustrations. The difficulty level can vary depending on chapters, and sustained attention will be required for some. The structure and list of Parts are quite classical: I. Foundations of Mathematics, II. Algebra, III. Number Theory, IV. Geometry, V. Analytic Geometry, VI. Topology, VII. Algebraic Topology, VIII. Analysis, IX. Category Theory, X. Probability and Statistics, XI. Applied Mathematics. Appendices provide useful lists of symbols and tables for ready reference. Extensive cross-references allow readers to find related terms, concepts and items (by page number, heading, and objet such as theorem, definition, example, etc.). The publisher’s hope is that this book, slightly revised and in a convenient format, will serve the needs of readers, be it for study, teaching, exploration, work, or research. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Understanding Topology Shaun V. Ault, 2018-01-30 Topology can present significant challenges for undergraduate students of mathematics and the sciences. 'Understanding topology' aims to change that. The perfect introductory topology textbook, 'Understanding topology' requires only a knowledge of calculus and a general familiarity with set theory and logic. Equally approachable and rigorous, the book's clear organization, worked examples, and concise writing style support a thorough understanding of basic topological principles. Professor Shaun V. Ault's unique emphasis on fascinating applications, from chemical dynamics to determining the shape of the universe, will engage students in a way traditional topology textbooks do not--Back cover. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Graph Drawing Stephen Wismath, Alexander Wolff, 2013-12-02 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Graph Drawing, GD 2013, held in Bordeaux, France, in September 2013. The 42 revised full papers presented together with 12 revised short papers, 3 invited talks and 1 poster description were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on upward drawings, planarity, beyond planarity, geometric representations, 3D et al., universality, practical graph drawing, subgraphs, crossings, geometric graphs and geographic networks, angular restrictions, grids, curves and routes. The book also contains a short description of the graph drawing contest. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Geometry and Topology for Mesh Generation Herbert Edelsbrunner, 2001-05-28 The book combines topics in mathematics (geometry and topology), computer science (algorithms), and engineering (mesh generation). The original motivation for these topics was the difficulty faced (both conceptually and in the technical execution) in any attempt to combine elements of combinatorial and of numerical algorithms. Mesh generation is a topic where a meaningful combination of these different approaches to problem solving is inevitable. The book develops methods from both areas that are amenable to combination, and explains recent breakthrough solutions to meshing that fit into this category.The book should be an ideal graduate text for courses on mesh generation. The specific material is selected giving preference to topics that are elementary, attractive, lend themselves to teaching, useful, and interesting. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Computational Homology Tomasz Kaczynski, Konstantin Mischaikow, Marian Mrozek, 2006-04-18 Homology is a powerful tool used by mathematicians to study the properties of spaces and maps that are insensitive to small perturbations. This book uses a computer to develop a combinatorial computational approach to the subject. The core of the book deals with homology theory and its computation. Following this is a section containing extensions to further developments in algebraic topology, applications to computational dynamics, and applications to image processing. Included are exercises and software that can be used to compute homology groups and maps. The book will appeal to researchers and graduate students in mathematics, computer science, engineering, and nonlinear dynamics. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Functional Calculus Kamal Shah, Baver Okutmuştur, 2020-06-17 The aim of this book is to present a broad overview of the theory and applications related to functional calculus. The book is based on two main subject areas: matrix calculus and applications of Hilbert spaces. Determinantal representations of the core inverse and its generalizations, new series formulas for matrix exponential series, results on fixed point theory, and chaotic graph operations and their fundamental group are contained under the umbrella of matrix calculus. In addition, numerical analysis of boundary value problems of fractional differential equations are also considered here. In addition, reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, spectral theory as an application of Hilbert spaces, and an analysis of PM10 fluctuations and optimal control are all contained in the applications of Hilbert spaces. The concept of this book covers topics that will be of interest not only for students but also for researchers and professors in this field of mathematics. The authors of each chapter convey a strong emphasis on theoretical foundations in this book. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Algebraic Graph Theory Ulrich Knauer, Kolja Knauer, 2019-10-08 Graph models are extremely useful for a large number of applications as they play an important role as structuring tools. They allow to model net structures – like roads, computers, telephones, social networks – instances of abstract data structures – like lists, stacks, trees – and functional or object oriented programming. The focus of this highly self-contained book is on homomorphisms and endomorphisms, matrices and eigenvalues. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Dense Sphere Packings Thomas Callister Hales, 2012-09-06 The definitive account of the recent computer solution of the oldest problem in discrete geometry. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Groups Acting on Graphs Warren Dicks, M. J. Dunwoody, 1989-03-09 Originally published in 1989, this is an advanced text and research monograph on groups acting on low-dimensional topological spaces, and for the most part the viewpoint is algebraic. Much of the book occurs at the one-dimensional level, where the topology becomes graph theory. Two-dimensional topics include the characterization of Poincare duality groups and accessibility of almost finitely presented groups. The main three-dimensional topics are the equivariant loop and sphere theorems. The prerequisites grow as the book progresses up the dimensions. A familiarity with group theory is sufficient background for at least the first third of the book, while the later chapters occasionally state without proof and then apply various facts which require knowledge of homological algebra and algebraic topology. This book is essential reading for anyone contemplating working in the subject. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Algorithms -- ESA 2010, Part II Mark de Berg, Ulrich Meyer, 2010-08-25 This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, held in Liverpool, UK in September 2010. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Divisors and Sandpiles Scott Corry, David Perkinson, 2018-07-23 Divisors and Sandpiles provides an introduction to the combinatorial theory of chip-firing on finite graphs. Part 1 motivates the study of the discrete Laplacian by introducing the dollar game. The resulting theory of divisors on graphs runs in close parallel to the geometric theory of divisors on Riemann surfaces, and Part 1 culminates in a full exposition of the graph-theoretic Riemann-Roch theorem due to M. Baker and S. Norine. The text leverages the reader's understanding of the discrete story to provide a brief overview of the classical theory of Riemann surfaces. Part 2 focuses on sandpiles, which are toy models of physical systems with dynamics controlled by the discrete Laplacian of the underlying graph. The text provides a careful introduction to the sandpile group and the abelian sandpile model, leading ultimately to L. Levine's threshold density theorem for the fixed-energy sandpile Markov chain. In a precise sense, the theory of sandpiles is dual to the theory of divisors, and there are many beautiful connections between the first two parts of the book. Part 3 addresses various topics connecting the theory of chip-firing to other areas of mathematics, including the matrix-tree theorem, harmonic morphisms, parking functions, M-matrices, matroids, the Tutte polynomial, and simplicial homology. The text is suitable for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Computational Geometry, Topology and Physics of Digital Images with Applications James F. Peters, 2019-10-03 This book discusses the computational geometry, topology and physics of digital images and video frame sequences. This trio of computational approaches encompasses the study of shape complexes, optical vortex nerves and proximities embedded in triangulated video frames and single images, while computational geometry focuses on the geometric structures that infuse triangulated visual scenes. The book first addresses the topology of cellular complexes to provide a basis for an introductory study of the computational topology of visual scenes, exploring the fabric, shapes and structures typically found in visual scenes. The book then examines the inherent geometry and topology of visual scenes, and the fine structure of light and light caustics of visual scenes, which bring into play catastrophe theory and the appearance of light caustic folds and cusps. Following on from this, the book introduces optical vortex nerves in triangulated digital images. In this context, computational physics is synonymous with the study of the fine structure of light choreographed in video frames. This choreography appears as a sequence of snapshots of light reflected and refracted from surface shapes, providing a solid foundation for detecting, analyzing and classifying visual scene shapes. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Knots and Links Peter R. Cromwell, 2004-10-14 A richly illustrated 2004 textbook on knot theory; minimal prerequisites but modern in style and content. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Classical Topology and Combinatorial Group Theory John Stillwell, 2012-12-06 In recent years, many students have been introduced to topology in high school mathematics. Having met the Mobius band, the seven bridges of Konigsberg, Euler's polyhedron formula, and knots, the student is led to expect that these picturesque ideas will come to full flower in university topology courses. What a disappointment undergraduate topology proves to be! In most institutions it is either a service course for analysts, on abstract spaces, or else an introduction to homological algebra in which the only geometric activity is the completion of commutative diagrams. Pictures are kept to a minimum, and at the end the student still does not understand the simplest topological facts, such as the reason why knots exist. In my opinion, a well-balanced introduction to topology should stress its intuitive geometric aspect, while admitting the legitimate interest that analysts and algebraists have in the subject. At any rate, this is the aim of the present book. In support of this view, I have followed the historical develop ment where practicable, since it clearly shows the influence of geometric thought at all stages. This is not to claim that topology received its main impetus from geometric recrea. ions like the seven bridges; rather, it resulted from the visualization of problems from other parts of mathematics complex analysis (Riemann), mechanics (poincare), and group theory (Oehn). It is these connections to other parts of mathematics which make topology an important as well as a beautiful subject. |
| graphs surfaces and homology: Publicationes mathematicae Kossuth Lajos Tudományegyetem. Matematikai Intézet, 1982 |
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