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| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1912 |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust, Part II. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1839 |
| goethe faust 2: A Companion to Goethe's Faust Paul Bishop, 2001 Undisputedly a canonical work, Goethe's Faust is also the key to understanding its author, one of European civilization's most complex figures. Written over several decades, the work spans both Goethe's life and an age of enormous social, political, philosophical, and artistic change - even revolution. In this volume, Goethe scholars and experts from North America and Europe explore a range of the major aspects of this fascinating work, aiming to offer a cutting-edge guide to the reader and scholar. Topics discussed include an analysis of the figure of Faust; the role of the Devil in the drama; the function of the feminine figures; the meaning of the 'Mothers' scene; the character of Helena; the question of salvation in the work; the philosophical issues and scientific themes in the work; the texture of Goethe's language; the utopian aspects of Faust and the Wilhelm Meister novels, the diachronic and synchronic dimensions of the text; and, finally, reflections on translating Goethe's text and on the play in performance. Contributors: Ritchie Robertson, Martin Swales, Alberto Destro, Osman Durrani, Ellis Dye, John R. Williams, Anthony Phelan, Franziska Schößler, Peter D. Smith, Cyrus Hamlin, R.H. Stephenson, David Luke, Robert David McDonald Paul Bishop is William Jacks Chair of Modern Languages at the University of Glasgow. |
| goethe faust 2: The Second Part of Goethe's Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1886 |
| goethe faust 2: Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 2001-12-07 Goethe's classic, enlivened by Randall Jarrell's fine translation and Peter Sís's dark, dreamy illustrations Randall Jarrell's translation of Faust is one of his most important achievements. In 1957 he inscribed Goethe's motto on the first page of his notebook--Ohne Hast aber ohne Rast (Without haste but without rest)--and from then until his death in 1965 he worked on the masterpiece of his own favorite daemon, dear good great Goethe. His intent was to make the German poetry free, unrhymed poetry in English. He all but finished the job before he died, and the few lines that remained untouched--Gretchen's Room--were rendered into English by Robert Lowell. This elegant new edition features numerous beautiful line drawings and jacket lettering by the renowned Czech artist Peter Sís, author of the award-winning books Starry Messenger: Galileo Galilei and Tibet: Through the Red Box. |
| goethe faust 2: The Faust-Legend and Goethe's 'Faust' Henry Bernard Cotterill, 1912 |
| goethe faust 2: The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2024-03-12 Ranked 2nd [after James Joyce's Ulysses] on the Modern Library's list of The 100 Best Novels Ranked 46th on the French Le Monde's list of The 100 Best Novels in the World” The Great Gatsby is the anthem of the Jazz Age, the decadent twenties' seminal work, and the ultimate novel about the American Dream. It doesn't matter how many times it's adapted into film. Or theater. Or opera. It's through F. Scott Fitzgerald's masterful prose that the story of the ruthless and extravagant Jay Gatsby, narrated by the honest Nick Carraway, continues to live on as the great American classic. F. SCOTT FITZGERALD [1896-1940] was an American author, born in St. Paul, Minnesota. His legendary marriage to Zelda Montgomery, along with their acquaintances with notable figures such as Gertrude Stein and Ernest Hemingway, and their lifestyle in 1920s Paris, has become iconic. A master of the short story genre, it is logical that his most famous novel is also his shortest: The Great Gatsby [1925]. |
| goethe faust 2: The Decline of the West Oswald Spengler, Arthur Helps, Charles Francis Atkinson, 1991 Spengler's work describes how we have entered into a centuries-long world-historical phase comparable to late antiquity, and his controversial ideas spark debate over the meaning of historiography. |
| goethe faust 2: Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1994 Goethe's classic, enlivened by Randall Jarrell's fine translation and Peter Sis's dark, dreamy illustrations Randall Jarrell's translation of Faust is one of his most important achievements. In 1957 he inscribed Goethe's motto on the first page of his notebook--Ohne Hast aber ohne Rast (Without haste but without rest)--and from then until his death in 1965 he worked on the masterpiece of his own favorite daemon, dear good great Goethe. His intent was to make the German poetry free, unrhymed poetry in English. He all but finished the job before he died, and the few lines that remained untouched--Gretchen's Room--were rendered into English by Robert Lowell. This elegant new edition features numerous beautiful line drawings and jacket lettering by the renowned Czech artist Peter Sis, author of the award-winning books Starry Messenger: Galileo Galilei and Tibet: Through the Red Box. |
| goethe faust 2: The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus Christopher Marlowe, 2017-02-16 The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, commonly referred to simply as Doctor Faustus, is an Elizabethan tragedy by Christopher Marlowe, based on German stories about the title character Faust, that was first performed sometime between 1588 and Marlowe's death in 1593. Two different versions of the play were published in the Jacobean era, several years later.The powerful effect of early productions of the play is indicated by the legends that quickly accrued around them-that actual devils once appeared on the stage during a performance, to the great amazement of both the actors and spectators, a sight that was said to have driven some spectators mad. |
| goethe faust 2: Music in Goethe's Faust Lorraine Byrne Bodley, 2017 Goethe's Faust, a work which has attracted the attention of composers since the late eighteenth century and played a vital role in the evolution of vocal, operatic and instrumental repertoire in the nineteenth century, hashad a seminal impact in musical realms. |
| goethe faust 2: The Original Bambi Felix Salten, 2022-02-22 A new, beautifully illustrated translation of Felix Salten’s celebrated novel Bambi—the original source of the beloved story Most of us think we know the story of Bambi—but do we? The Original Bambi is an all-new, illustrated translation of a literary classic that presents the story as it was meant to be told. For decades, readers’ images of Bambi have been shaped by the 1942 Walt Disney film—an idealized look at a fawn who represents nature’s innocence—which was based on a 1928 English translation of a novel by the Austrian Jewish writer Felix Salten. This masterful new translation gives contemporary readers a fresh perspective on this moving allegorical tale and provides important details about its creator. Originally published in 1923, Salten’s story is more somber than the adaptations that followed it. Life in the forest is dangerous and precarious, and Bambi learns important lessons about survival as he grows to become a strong, heroic stag. Jack Zipes’s introduction traces the history of the book’s reception and explores the tensions that Salten experienced in his own life—as a hunter who also loved animals, and as an Austrian Jew who sought acceptance in Viennese society even as he faced persecution. With captivating drawings by award-winning artist Alenka Sottler, The Original Bambi captures the emotional impact and rich meanings of a celebrated story. |
| goethe faust 2: The Chronology of Water Lidia Yuknavitch, 2011-04-01 This is not your mother’s memoir. In The Chronology of Water, Lidia Yuknavitch, a lifelong swimmer and Olympic hopeful escapes her raging father and alcoholic and suicidal mother when she accepts a swimming scholarship which drug and alcohol addiction eventually cause her to lose. What follows is promiscuous sex with both men and women, some of them famous, and some of it S&M, and Lidia discovers the power of her sexuality to help her forget her pain. The forgetting doesn’t last, though, and it is her hard-earned career as a writer and a teacher, and the love of her husband and son, that ultimately create the life she needs to survive. |
| goethe faust 2: Ulysses , |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe Faust Part Two Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1955-01-01 |
| goethe faust 2: Campaign in France Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, Robert Farie, Ricardo Cunha Mattos Portella, 2012-08-01 In this book Goethe gives a detailed description of the campaign of allied armies (Prussia, Royalists and Austrians) led by the Duke of Brunswick against the French Revolutionaries in 1792. The campaign culminated in the Battle of Valmy where the Allied army was defeated by the French led by Dumouriez and Kellermann. Also in this book, Goethe describes the Siege of Mainz in 1793. Goethe does not focus in military tactics or strategies, but in day to day life of the campaigns and its effects in towns affected. Goethe exposes several of his studies and thoughts like the color theory, theater, etc. This edition is based in 1849 edition of Chapman and Halls translated from the German by Robert Farie. It is illustrated with pictures of the main characters and antique city maps of the theater of operations. |
| goethe faust 2: The Works of Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1901 |
| goethe faust 2: A Most Mysterious Union Stephen Wilkerson, 2019-06-10 This book by Dr. Stephen Wilkerson is about hope and optimism for the future. The recorded history of our world is largely one of a sometimes worthy patriarchal striving. There is another way, poignantly and persuasively outlined nearly two hundred years ago by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, involving the Divine Feminine. |
| goethe faust 2: Faust, Part 2 Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, 2023-07-18 This classic work of German literature tells the story of Faust, a scholar who makes a deal with the devil in exchange for knowledge and power. In this second part of the story, Faust must confront the consequences of his actions and find a way to redeem himself. Written by the celebrated German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Faust Part 2 is a masterpiece of world literature that continues to captivate readers to this day. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust. Part II. [Edited by R.M.S. Heffner, H. Rehder and W.F. Twaddell.]. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Roe-Merrill Secrist HEFFNER, Helmut Rehder, William Freeman Twaddell, 1955 |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust Edward F. Edinger, 1990 Faust was Jung's lifelong companion. Here the dean of American analysts shows that Faust is at once a psychological portrait of the modern psyche, a symbolic description of a depth analysis and a guide to understanding alchemy. |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust, Part I. The German Text, With English Notes And Introductory Remarks. For The Use Of Students Of Modern Literature Johann Wolfgang Von 1749-1832 Goethe, 2023-07-18 Enter the mystical world of German Romanticism with this haunting tale of a man who sells his soul to the devil in a desperate bid for knowledge and power. Goethe's masterpiece of poetic drama has inspired countless works of literature, music and art, and remains one of the most influential and enduring works of European literature. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| goethe faust 2: Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 2009-04-30 A magnificent drama shaped by themes of redemption and salvation, Faust is the magnum opus of Goethe, athe last true polymath to walk the eartha (George Eliot). As his journey continues, Faust follows Mephistopheles through ancient Greek mythology. Deeply smitten by the incomparably beautiful Helen of Troy, Faust marries Helen, embodying for Goethe his aimaginative longing to join poetically the Romantic medievalism of the Germanic West to the classical genius of the Greeks.a Faust, Part II even includes eerie premonitions of such modern phenomena as inflation and the creation of life by scientific synthesis. |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust John R. Williams, 2020-01-30 Originally published in 1987, this is a thorough and lucid introduction and commentary to the whole of Goethe’s Faust. It gives the student of German and European literature valuable insights into the most important work of Germany’s foremost poet. German quotations are translated or paraphrased in English and a detailed knowledge of German literature is not assumed. The book traces Goethe’s work on the play over 60 years of his creative career and surveys its critical reception over the 200 years since its first appearance. Part One is analysed as a mimetic tragedy, Part Two as an historical and cultural profile of Goethe’s own times. The commentary guides the reader carefully through its subtleties and multi-layered references and provides a broad and coherent structure for the overall understanding of the work. It suggests provocative interpretations of some figures and episodes in Part Two and places renewed emphasis on parts of the work that often receive relatively little attention. An appendix surveys the metres and verse forms of the play. |
| goethe faust 2: The Second Part of Goethe's Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Anster, Henry Morley, 1885 |
| goethe faust 2: Faust, Part II Goethe, 2009-04-30 In this sequel to Faust, Mephistopheles takes Faust on a journey through ancient Greek mythology, conjuring for him the insurpassably beautiful Helen of Troy, as well as the classical gods. Faust falls in love with and marries Helen, embodying for Goethe his 'imaginative longing to join poetically the Romantic Medievalism of the germanic West to the classical genius of the Greeks'. Further to the themes of redemption and salvation in this great drama, are Goethe's eerie premonitions of modern phenomena such as inflation and the creation of life by scientific synthesis. |
| goethe faust 2: Paradise Lost John Milton, 2021-01-29 Paradise Lost remains as challenging and relevant today as it was in the turbulent intellectual and political environment in which it was written. This edition aims to bring the poem as fully alive to a modern reader as it would have been to Milton's contemporaries. It provides a newly edited text of the 1674 edition of the poem-the last of Milton's lifetime-with carefully modernized spelling and punctuation. |
| goethe faust 2: The Second Part of Goethe's Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1893 |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust, Part 2 Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, 2022-10-27 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| goethe faust 2: Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1889 |
| goethe faust 2: Faust I & II, Volume 2 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 2014-04-06 One of the great classics of European literature, Faust is Goethe's most complex and profound work. To tell the dramatic and tragic story of one man’s pact with the Devil in exchange for knowledge and power, Goethe drew from an immense variety of cultural and historical material, and a wealth of poetic and theatrical traditions. What results is a tour de force illustrating Goethe’s own moral and artistic development, and a symbolic, cautionary tale of Western humanity striving restlessly and ruthlessly for progress. Capturing the sense, poetic variety, and tonal range of the German original in present-day English, Stuart Atkins’s translation presents the formal and rhythmic dexterity of Faust in all its richness and beauty, without recourse to archaisms or interpretive elaborations. Featuring a new introduction by David Wellbery, this Princeton Classics edition of Faust is the definitive English version of a timeless masterpiece. |
| goethe faust 2: Goethes Faust Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, Georg Witkowski, 2016-06-22 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe’s Faust and the Divan of Ḥāfiẓ Hiwa Michaeli, 2019-10-21 This book explores the poetic articulations of a shift from a transcendent to an immanent worldview, as reflected in the manner of evaluation of body and soul in Goethe’s Faust and Ḥāfiẓ’ Divan. Focusing on two lifeworks that illustrate their authors’ respective intellectual histories, this cross-genre study goes beyond the textual confines of the two poets’ Divans to compare important building blocks of their intellectual worlds. |
| goethe faust 2: French Translations of Goethe's Faust II. Harry Linville Stout, 1959 |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust Hans Schulte, John Noyes, Pia Kleber, 2011-05-05 Faust has been called the fundamental icon of Western culture, and Goethe's inexhaustible poetic drama is the centrepiece of its tradition in literature, music and art. In recent years, this play has experienced something of a renaissance, with a surge of studies, theatre productions, press coverage and public discussions. Reflecting this renewed interest, leading Goethe scholars in this volume explore the play's striking modernity within its theatrical framework. The chapters present new aspects such as the virtuality of Faust, the music drama, the modernization of evil, Faust's blindness, the gay Mephistopheles, classic beauty and horror as phantasmagoria, and Goethe's anticipation of modern science, economics and ecology. The book contains an illustrated section on Faust in modern performance, with contributions by renowned directors, critics and dramaturges, and a major interview with Peter Stein, director of the uncut 'millennium production' of Expo 2000. |
| goethe faust 2: Faust: A Tragedy Part the Second Johann Wolfgang V. Goethe, 2023-07-18 In this masterful work of German literature, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe immerses readers in the dramatic story of Faust, a scholar who makes a deal with the devil and is ultimately redeemed through his love for the innocent Margareta. This epic tale of love, temptation, and redemption has captivated readers for centuries. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| goethe faust 2: Second catalogue, including the additions made since 1882 Baltimore Peabody inst, libr, 1896 |
| goethe faust 2: Goethe's Faust Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, Georg Witkowski, 2015-10-03 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| goethe faust 2: Seeking Meaning for Goethe's Faust J. M. van der Laan, 2007-02-01 Faust stories are found across the ages and the arts. From its earliest to most recent expressions, the Faust figure continues to capture our imagination, dealing with problems and themes that are still relevant for a twenty-first century audience. Of the many variations on the Faust-myth, Goethe's remains especially provocative and laden with meaning and is the work most responsible for determining the subsequent character of the Faust archetype. His Faust reflects an individual who asserts, yet wrestles unrelentingly with the futility of faith, the bankruptcy of knowledge, and the loss of meaning. One of the greatest texts of both German and world literature, Faust, Parts I and II, confronts us with pressing questions about rebellion and suffering, faith and its loss, reality and simulation, order and chaos, weakness and power, technology and human improvement. This monograph offers a new interpretation of Goethe's famous play, emphasising its continuing significance today. |
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Wikipedia
Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe[a] (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Britannica
Jun 6, 2025 · Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (born August 28, 1749, Frankfurt am Main [Germany]—died March 22, 1832, Weimar, Saxe-Weimar) was a German poet, playwright, …
Sprache. Kultur. Deutschland. - Goethe-Institut
Learn German with success in more than 90 countries on-site at your Goethe-Institut or online. Would you like to book an exam at one of our exam centres or contact our colleagues on site? …
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born August 28, 1749 in Frankfurt, Germany. His father was the Imperial Councillor Johann Kaspar Goethe (1710-1782) and his mother Katharina Elisabeth …
Goethe: The Great German Poet and Philosopher - World History …
Oct 5, 2024 · Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) is celebrated as one of the greatest writers in the German language and a towering figure in Western intellectual history. A …
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe | The Poetry Foundation
One of the preeminent figures in German literature, poet, playwright, and novelist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1749. The child of an imperial …
Literary Genius: Who Was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe?
Feb 15, 2025 · Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is the most influential German literary figure in history. Learn more about his life, science, and philosophy. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was …
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - New World Encyclopedia
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (August 28, 1749 – March 22, 1832) was a German polymath—a painter, novelist, dramatist, poet, humanist, scientist, philosopher, and, for ten years, minister …
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Simple English Wikipedia, the …
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (August 28, 1749 – March 22, 1832) was a German writer, poet, novelist, and playwright. He also worked as an actor, administrator, scientist, geologist, …
About Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Academy of American Poets
Throughout the 1770s, Goethe practiced a unique, progressive version of law across Germany, while maintaining a side career as an editor, playwright, and poet. He wrote his first widely …
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Wikipedia
Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe[a] (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Britannica
Jun 6, 2025 · Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (born August 28, 1749, Frankfurt am Main [Germany]—died March 22, 1832, Weimar, Saxe-Weimar) was a German poet, playwright, …
Sprache. Kultur. Deutschland. - Goethe-Institut
Learn German with success in more than 90 countries on-site at your Goethe-Institut or online. Would you like to book an exam at one of our exam centres or contact our colleagues on site? …
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born August 28, 1749 in Frankfurt, Germany. His father was the Imperial Councillor Johann Kaspar Goethe (1710-1782) and his mother Katharina Elisabeth …
Goethe: The Great German Poet and Philosopher - World History …
Oct 5, 2024 · Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) is celebrated as one of the greatest writers in the German language and a towering figure in Western intellectual history. A …
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe | The Poetry Foundation
One of the preeminent figures in German literature, poet, playwright, and novelist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1749. The child of an imperial …
Literary Genius: Who Was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe?
Feb 15, 2025 · Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is the most influential German literary figure in history. Learn more about his life, science, and philosophy. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was …
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - New World Encyclopedia
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (August 28, 1749 – March 22, 1832) was a German polymath—a painter, novelist, dramatist, poet, humanist, scientist, philosopher, and, for ten years, minister …
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ...
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (August 28, 1749 – March 22, 1832) was a German writer, poet, novelist, and playwright. He also worked as an actor, administrator, scientist, geologist, …
About Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Academy of American Poets
Throughout the 1770s, Goethe practiced a unique, progressive version of law across Germany, while maintaining a side career as an editor, playwright, and poet. He wrote his first widely …
