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| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of the Market Price System Milton M. Shapiro, 1985 |
| foundations of the market price system: Prices and Knowledge Esteban F. Thomsen, 2002-01-22 The growth of information economics has lead to a substantial re-consideration of the role of prices. Instead of the conventional neo-classical view of prices as straightforward indicators of scarcity, information economics emphasises that prices can be sources from which agents infer information and means by which they communicate. Prices and Knowledge analyses different theoretical approaches to the role of prices in situations of imperfect information. It shows that whilst the `informational efficiency' approach of Grossman and Stiglitz and the `bounded rationality theory' of Nelson and Simon are useful, neither goes far enough in considering situations of disequilibrium. |
| foundations of the market price system: Market Theory and the Price System Israel M. Kirzner, 2011 The second volume in Liberty Fund's Collected Works of Israel M. Kirzner series, Market Theory and the Price System was published in 1963 as Kirzner's first (and only) textbook. This volume presents an integrated view of Austrian price theory. The basic aim of Market Theory is to utilize the tools of economic reasoning to explain the market process. The unique framework Kirzner develops for microeconomic analysis, following Mises and Hayek, examines errors in decision-making, entrepreneurial profit, and competition as a process of discovery and learning. Israel M. Kirzner is a leading economist in the Austrian School and Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University. Peter J. Boettke is University Professor of Economics and Philosophy at George Mason University and the BB&T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at the Mercatus Center. Frédéric Sautet is a visiting associate professor of economics at the Catholic University of America. Previously, he has taught at George Mason University, New York University, and the University of Paris Dauphine. |
| foundations of the market price system: Markets, Morals, and Policy-Making Enrico Colombatto, 2012-03-29 This book offers the reader a new perspective on free-market economics, one in which the defense of markets is no longer based upon the utilitarian claim that free markets are more efficient; rather, the defense of markets rests upon the moral argument that top-down coercive policy-making is necessarily in tension with the rights-based notion of justice typical of the Western tradition. |
| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of the Market Price System Milton M. Shapiro, 2007 Murray Rothbard just loved this Austrian text on microeconomic theory. In fact, he thought it was the best text available - except that it has only been sporadically available since it was first published in 1974. It is characterized by a strong pedagogical drive, a logical precision, and an excellent presentation that competes directly with mainstream alternatives except that this one follows Rothbardian logic. The typesetting is from a typewriter, which is unfortunate, but it is nonetheless very clear, as are the graphical expositions. This reprint preserves the original. |
| foundations of the market price system: Discovering Prices Paul Milgrom, 2017-05-23 Traditional economic theory studies idealized markets in which prices alone can guide efficient allocation, with no need for central organization. Such models build from Adam Smith’s famous concept of an invisible hand, which guides markets and renders regulation or interference largely unnecessary. Yet for many markets, prices alone are not enough to guide feasible and efficient outcomes, and regulation alone is not enough, either. Consider air traffic control at major airports. While prices could encourage airlines to take off and land at less congested times, prices alone do just part of the job; an air traffic control system is still indispensable to avoid disastrous consequences. With just an air traffic controller, however, limited resources can be wasted or poorly used. What’s needed in this and many other real-world cases is an auction system that can effectively reveal prices while still maintaining enough direct control to ensure that complex constraints are satisfied. In Discovering Prices, Paul Milgrom—the world’s most frequently cited academic expert on auction design—describes how auctions can be used to discover prices and guide efficient resource allocations, even when resources are diverse, constraints are critical, and market-clearing prices may not even exist. Economists have long understood that externalities and market power both necessitate market organization. In this book, Milgrom introduces complex constraints as another reason for market design. Both lively and technical, Milgrom roots his new theories in real-world examples (including the ambitious U.S. incentive auction of radio frequencies, whose design he led) and provides economists with crucial new tools for dealing with the world’s growing complex resource-allocation problems. |
| foundations of the market price system: Legal Foundations of Capitalism John Rogers Commons, 2012-06 One of his most important American studies of labor economics published in the twentieth century, this book outlines an evolutionary and behavioral theory of value based on data drawn from court decisions. Analyzing the meaning of reasonable value as defined by the courts, he finds that the answer is based on a notion of reasonable conduct. Expanding this point to encompass the habits and customs of social life, he shows that court decisions are based on customs that are powerful forces shaping the economic system. In an early review Wesley Mitchell declared that Commons [1862-1945] carried this analysis further along his chosen line than any of his predecessors. Into our knowledge of capitalism he has incorporated a great body of new materials which no one else has used adequately.: American Economic Review, XIV (1924) 253. |
| foundations of the market price system: General Equilibrium Foundations of Finance Thorsten Hens, Beate Pilgrim, 2002 The purpose of General Equilibrium Foundations of Finance is to give a sound economic foundation of finance based on the general equilibrium model with incomplete markets which embodies the famous CAPM as an important special case. This goal is achieved by giving reasonable restrictions on the agents' characteristics that lead to a well determined financial markets model having a unique competitive equilibrium. The innovation of this book is to transfer and to extend the theoretical results on the structure of competitive equilibria into the modern context of incomplete financial markets. General Equilibrium Foundations of Finance should be easily accessible by advanced Ph.D. students as well as by theorists of any subfield of mathematical economics. It should be interesting both for theorists who are looking for possible applications of rigorous theorizing as well as for practitioners who seek for a theoretical foundation of fruitful applications of financial markets' models. |
| foundations of the market price system: Economic Foundations for Finance Thorsten Hens, Sabine Elmiger, 2019-08-20 This book provides readers with essential concepts from financial economics for an integrated study of the financial system and the real economy. It discusses how long-term market prices are determined and affected by population growth, technological progress and non-renewable resources. The meaning of market prices is examined from the perspective of households and from the perspective of firms. The book therefore connects different fields of finance, which usually focus only on either the households’ side or the firms’ side. |
| foundations of the market price system: Economic Foundations of Strategy Joseph T. Mahoney, 2005 The theoretical foundations of management strategy are identified and outlined in this text. Five theories are considered in the light of questions about how organisations operate efficiently, cost minimization, wealth creation, individual self-interest, and continued growth. |
| foundations of the market price system: The New Value Controversy and the Foundations of Economics Alan Freeman, Andrew Kliman, Julian Wells, 2004-02-25 The papers that comprise this collection introduce key advances in modern value theory. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches are discussed alongside the theory behind abstract labour and money. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Meaning of the Market Process Israel M Kirzner, 2002-09-11 Israel Kirzner is the foremost proponent of the modern Austrian theory of the market process. This book offers substantive insights in support of this theory and a new historical interpretation of how the ideas of modern Austrians emerged. |
| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of Economic Method Lawrence A. Boland, 2003-04-17 This updated edition is radically changed from the original and will be much appreciated by thinkers within economics. Boland is back. |
| foundations of the market price system: Free Market Economics Bettina B. Greaves, 1975 |
| foundations of the market price system: Disequilibrium Foundations of Equilibrium Economics Franklin M. Fisher, 1983 This 1984 book proposes a general model of economic analysis based upon disequilibrium. |
| foundations of the market price system: Interest and Prices Michael Woodford, 2011-12-12 With the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, any pretense of a connection of the world's currencies to any real commodity has been abandoned. Yet since the 1980s, most central banks have abandoned money-growth targets as practical guidelines for monetary policy as well. How then can pure fiat currencies be managed so as to create confidence in the stability of national units of account? Interest and Prices seeks to provide theoretical foundations for a rule-based approach to monetary policy suitable for a world of instant communications and ever more efficient financial markets. In such a world, effective monetary policy requires that central banks construct a conscious and articulate account of what they are doing. Michael Woodford reexamines the foundations of monetary economics, and shows how interest-rate policy can be used to achieve an inflation target in the absence of either commodity backing or control of a monetary aggregate. The book further shows how the tools of modern macroeconomic theory can be used to design an optimal inflation-targeting regime--one that balances stabilization goals with the pursuit of price stability in a way that is grounded in an explicit welfare analysis, and that takes account of the New Classical critique of traditional policy evaluation exercises. It thus argues that rule-based policymaking need not mean adherence to a rigid framework unrelated to stabilization objectives for the sake of credibility, while at the same time showing the advantages of rule-based over purely discretionary policymaking. |
| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of Economics Shawn Ritenour, 2010-01-01 Foundations of Economics: A Christian View is an introduction to economics from an explicitly Christian perspective. It maintains that there is no conflict between Christian doctrine and economic science, properly understood. Therefore, Foundations of Economics has three goals: to demonstrate that the foundations of economic laws are derived from a Christian understanding of nature and humanity; to explain basic economic principles of the market economy and apply them to various economic problems, such as poverty and economic development; and to show the relationship between Christian ethics and economic policy. Foundations of Economics: A Christian View accomplishes these goals by rooting the fundamental principles of human action in the Christian doctrines of creation and humanity, and integrating them with the Christian ethic of private property. This volume explains the relevance of economics for fulfilling the cultural mandate set forth in the first two chapters of Genesis, by demonstrating how economics can help us in our task to be fruitful and multiply and have dominion over the earth, without spoiling creation, starving to death, or descending into a barbaric struggle for survival. |
| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of Economics Andrew Gillespie, 2011-03-24 Assuming no prior knowledge, the second edition of Foundations of Economics introduces students to both microeconomic and macroeconomic principles. This is the ideal text for foundation degrees and non-specialist courses for first year undergraduates. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Applied Theory of Price Deirdre N. McCloskey, 1985 |
| foundations of the market price system: Dynamics of the Mixed Economy Sanford Ikeda, 2002-09-11 Dynamics of the Mixed Economy applies the insights of modern Austrian political economy to examine economic policy in mixed economies. It compares and contrasts standard approaches to the growth of the state (including public choice) with that of modern Austrian political economy; examines in detail the nature and operation of the interventionist process in the context of nationalization, regulation and the welfare state; analyzes conditions that produce instability under laissez-faire capitalism; argues that the interventionist process is a 'spontaneous order'; and offers several 'pattern predictions' regarding the character and behaviour of really existing economies. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Firm, the Market, and the Law R. H. Coase, 2012-06-15 Few other economists have been read and cited as often as R.H. Coase has been, even though, as he admits, most economists have a different way of looking at economic problems and do not share my conception of the nature of our subject. Coase's particular interest has been that part of economic theory that deals with firms, industries, and markets—what is known as price theory or microeconomics. He has always urged his fellow economists to examine the foundations on which their theory exists, and this volume collects some of his classic articles probing those very foundations. The Nature of the Firm (1937) introduced the then-revolutionary concept of transaction costs into economic theory. The Problem of Social Cost (1960) further developed this concept, emphasizing the effect of the law on the working of the economic system. The remaining papers and new introductory essay clarify and extend Coarse's arguments and address his critics. These essays bear rereading. Coase's careful attention to actual institutions not only offers deep insight into economics but also provides the best argument for Coase's methodological position. The clarity of the exposition and the elegance of the style also make them a pleasure to read and a model worthy of emulation.—Lewis A. Kornhauser, Journal of Economic Literature Ronald H. Coase was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Science in 1991. |
| foundations of the market price system: Ownership Economics Gunnar Heinsohn, Otto Steiger, 2013 This book presents the first full-length explanation in English of Heinsohn and Steiger's groundbreaking theory of money and interest, which emphasizes the role played by private property rights. Ownership economics gives an alternative explanation of money and interest, proposing that operations enabled by property lead to interest and money, rather than exchange of goods. Like any other approach, it has to answer economic theory's core question: what is the loss that has to be compensated by interest? Ownership economics accepts neither a temporary loss of goods, as in neoclassical economics, nor Keynes's temporary loss of already existing, exogenous money as the cause of interest. Rather, money is created as a non-physical title to property in a credit contract secured by a debtor's collateral and the creditor's net worth. This book is an edited English translation of a highly successful German text, and offers the first book-length treatment of a theory which has received much interest since its first appearance in articles in the late 1970s. |
| foundations of the market price system: Varieties of Capitalism Peter A. Hall, David W. Soskice, 2001 What are the most fundamental differences among the political economies of the developed world? How do national institutional differences condition economic performance, public policy, and social well-being? Will they survive the pressures for convergence generated by globalization and technological change? These have long been central questions in comparative political economy. This book provides a new and coherent set of answers to them. Building on the new economics of organization, the authors develop an important new theory about which differences among national political economies are most significant for economic policy and performance. Drawing on a distinction between 'liberal' and 'coordinated' market economies, they argue that there is more than one path to economic success. Nations need not converge to a single Anglo-American model. They develop a new theory of 'comparative institutionaladvantage' that transforms our understanding of international trade, offers new explanations for the response of firms and nations to the challenges of globalization, and provides a new theory of national interest to explain the conduct of nations in international relations. The analysis brings the firm back into the centre of comparative political economy. It provides new perspectives on economic and social policy-making that illuminate the role of business in the development of the welfare state and the dilemmas facing those who make economic policy in the contemporary world. Emphasizing the 'institutional complementarities' that link labour relations, corporate finance, and national legal systems, the authors bring interdisciplinary perspectives to bear on issues of strategic management, economic performance, and institutional change. This pathbreaking work sets new agendas in the study of comparative political economy. As such, it will be of value to academics and graduate students in economics, business, and political science, as well as to many others with interests in international relations, social policy-making, and the law. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Sociology of Financial Markets Karin Knorr Cetina, Alex Preda, 2004-10-14 Financial markets have often been seen by economists as efficient mechanisms that fulfill vital functions within economies. But do financial markets really operate in such a straightforward manner? The Sociology of Financial Markets approaches financial markets from a sociological perspective. It seeks to provide an adequate sociological coneptualization of financial markets, and examines who the actors within them are, how they operate, within which networks, and how these networks are structured. Patterns of trading, trading room coordination, and global interaction are studied to help us better understand how markets work and the types of reasoning behind these trends. Financial markets also have a structural impact on the governance of social and economic institutions. Until now, sociologists have examined issues of governance mostly with respect to the legal framework of financial transactions. Contributions in this book highlight the ways in which financial markets shape the inner working and structure of corporations and their governance. Finally the book seeks to investigate the symbolic aspects of financial markets. Financial markets affect not only economic and social structures but also societal cultural images and frameworks of meaning. Barbara Czarniawska demonstrates how representations of gender relationships are a case in point. Arguing that financial markets are not simply neutral with respect to questions of gender but enhance certain images and interpretations of men and women. Addressing many important topics from a sociological perspective for the first time, this book will be key reading for academics, researchers, and advanced students of financial markets in Business, Management, Economics, Finance, and Sociology. |
| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of Global Financial Markets and Institutions, fifth edition Frank J. Fabozzi, Frank J. Jones, 2019-04-30 A thoroughly revised and updated edition of a textbook for graduate students in finance, with new coverage of global financial institutions. This thoroughly revised and updated edition of a widely used textbook for graduate students in finance now provides expanded coverage of global financial institutions, with detailed comparisons of U.S. systems with non-U.S. systems. A focus on the actual practices of financial institutions prepares students for real-world problems. After an introduction to financial markets and market participants, including asset management firms, credit rating agencies, and investment banking firms, the book covers risks and asset pricing, with a new overview of risk; the structure of interest rates and interest rate and credit risks; the fundamentals of primary and secondary markets; government debt markets, with new material on non-U.S. sovereign debt markets; corporate funding markets, with new coverage of small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurial ventures; residential and commercial real estate markets; collective investment vehicles, in a chapter new to this edition; and financial derivatives, including financial futures and options, interest rate derivatives, foreign exchange derivatives, and credit risk transfer vehicles such as credit default swaps. Each chapter begins with learning objectives and ends with bullet point takeaways and questions. |
| foundations of the market price system: Pay What It's Worth Tara Joyce, 2023-01-23 What if the customer determined the price they pay based upon the value they receive? How might that change things? Pay What It's Worth pricing is a system allowing for a different way of valuing the products, services, and experiences we have and exchange with others. Each of us has the power and ability to create our own economy, and approach to valuing products and services. In Pay What It's Worth: You Don't Need to Set a Price on Value, you'll explore the power and potential, as well as the pitfalls, of not setting prices. Mutually beneficial exchanges are possible and sustainable for you, as a business owner, and as a customer. Your integrity is your most valuable wealth creation tool. |
| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of Economics Yanis Varoufakis, 1998 The book covers all the main economic concepts and addresses in detail three main areas: consumption and choice, production and markets and government and the State. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Flawed Foundations of General Equilibrium Theory Frank Ackerman, Alejandro Nadal, Kevin P. Gallagher, 2004-06-24 This book, as the title suggests, explains how General equilibrium, the dominant conceptual framework in mainstream economics, describes a perfectly impossible world. Even with its counterfactual assumptions taken for granted, it fails on many levels. Under the impressive editorship of Ackerman and Nadal, this book will appeal to students and resea |
| foundations of the market price system: Economics in One Lesson Henry Hazlitt, 2010-08-11 Over a million copies sold! A fundamental influence on modern libertarianism, this classic guide to the basics of economic theory defends capitalism and the free market from economic myths that persist to this day. “A magnificent job of theoretical exposition.”—Ayn Rand Considered among the leading economic thinkers of the “Austrian School,” which includes Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich (F.A.) Hayek, and others, Henry Hazlitt wrote Economics in One Lesson in 1946. Concise and instructive, it is also deceptively prescient and far-reaching in its efforts to dissemble economic fallacies that are so prevalent they have almost become a new orthodoxy. Economic commentators across the political spectrum have credited Hazlitt with foreseeing the collapse of the global economy which occurred more than fifty years after the initial publication of Economics in One Lesson. Hazlitt’s focus on non-governmental solutions, strong—and strongly reasoned—anti-deficit position, and general emphasis on free markets, economic liberty of individuals, and the dangers of government intervention make Economics in One Lesson every bit as relevant and valuable today as it has been since publication. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Market Matthew Watson, 2018 Matt Watson unpacks the concept of the market to ask what does it really mean to allow ourselves to submit to market forces. This book provides a major contribution to a deeper appreciation of the dominant economic language of our time, challenging the idea that we can simply defer to the logic of the market. |
| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of Complex-system Theories Sunny Y. Auyang, 1998 Analyzes approaches to the study of complexity in the physical, biological, and social sciences. |
| foundations of the market price system: Foundations of the American Century Inderjeet Parmar, 2012-03-20 Inderjeet Parmar reveals the complex interrelations, shared mindsets, and collaborative efforts of influential public and private organizations in the building of American hegemony. Focusing on the involvement of the Ford, Rockefeller, and Carnegie foundations in U.S. foreign affairs, Parmar traces the transformation of America from an ÒisolationistÓ nation into the worldÕs only superpower, all in the name of benevolent stewardship. Parmar begins in the 1920s with the establishment of these foundations and their system of top-down, elitist, scientific giving, which focused more on managing social, political, and economic change than on solving modern societyÕs structural problems. Consulting rare documents and other archival materials, he recounts how the American intellectuals, academics, and policy makers affiliated with these organizations institutionalized such elitism, which then bled into the machinery of U.S. foreign policy and became regarded as the essence of modernity. America hoped to replace Britain in the role of global hegemon and created the necessary political, ideological, military, and institutional capacity to do so, yet far from being objective, the Ford, Rockefeller, and Carnegie foundations often advanced U.S. interests at the expense of other nations. Incorporating case studies of American philanthropy in Nigeria, Chile, and Indonesia, Parmar boldly exposes the knowledge networks underwriting American dominance in the twentieth century. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis Sanjit Dhami, 2019-02-14 This first volume of The Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis covers the opening topic found in this definitive introduction to the subject: the behavioral economics of risk, uncertainty, and ambiguity. It is an essential guide for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students seeking a concise and focused text on this important subject, and examines how the decision maker chooses his optimal action in the presence of risk, uncertainty, and ambiguity. This updated extract from Dhami's leading textbook allows the reader to pursue subsections of this vast and rapidly growing field and to tailor their reading to their specific interests in behavioural economics. |
| foundations of the market price system: Systems of Survival Jane Jacobs, 2016-08-17 With intelligence and clarity of observation, the author of The Death and Life of Great American Cities addresses the moral values that underpin working life. In Systems of Survival, Jane Jacobs identifies two distinct moral syndromes—one governing commerce, the other, politics—and explores what happens when these two syndromes collide. She looks at business fraud and criminal enterprise, government’s overextended subsidies to agriculture, and transit police who abuse the system the are supposed to enforce, and asks us to consider instances in which snobbery is a virtue and industry a vice. In this work of profound insight and elegance, Jacobs gives us a new way of seeing all our public transactions and encourages us towards the best use of our natural inclinations. |
| foundations of the market price system: Can Financial Markets be Controlled? Howard Davies, 2015-03-06 The Global Financial Crisis overturned decades of received wisdomon how financial markets work, and how best to keep them in check.Since then a wave of reform and re-regulation has crashed overbanks and markets. Financial firms are regulated as neverbefore. But have these measures been successful, and do they go farenough? In this smart new polemic, former central banker andfinancial regulator, Howard Davies, responds with a resounding‘no’. The problems at the heart of the financial crisisremain. There is still no effective co-ordination of internationalmonetary policy. The financial sector is still too big and,far from protecting the economy and the tax payer, recentgovernment legislation is exposing both to even greater risk. To address these key challenges, Davies offers a radicalalternative manifesto of reforms to restore market discipline andcreate a safer economic future for us all. |
| foundations of the market price system: Labour Market Adjustment Pissarides, 2009-04-02 The main purpose of this book is to develop a general theoretical framework within which it is possible to analyse the interaction of markets in disequilibrium. It considers optimal firm and household behaviour in a dynamic sequence of the labour and commodity markets when there is imperfect information about wage offers and the supply price of labour. The study is mainly theoretical but several empirical phenomena are shown to have an important interpretation within the framework of the model. Models of individual behaviour dealt with in the book increase our understanding of the working of an economic system out of equilibrium by providing the foundation for such dynamic processes as the Keynesian multiplier and the Phillips curve. The analysis points to a short-run dynamic process which exhibits Keynesian features when involuntary unemployment coexists with frictional unemployment and Neoclassical features when involuntary unemployment falls to a very low level. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Foundations of Non-Equilibrium Economics Sebastian Berger, 2009-09-10 This thought-provoking volume presents essays on the foundations of non-equilibrium economics, i.e. the principle of circular cumulative causation (CCC). This work presents empirical research on how the interplay of technology’s increasing returns to scale, institutions, resources, and economic policy leads to virtuous circles of economic growth and development, but also to vicious circles of social and ecological degradation. In particular, evidence is provided for the important role of the development state and strategic trade policy, economies of large-scale production in manufacturing, the regional level of development and community-based resource management regimes. While demonstrating CCC’s strength in generating empirical research, the book also provides insights into its philosophical foundations and intellectual history. Several essays trace the roots of this full-fledged theoretical framework back to Adam Smith, Classical Political Economy, Thorstein Veblen, Gunnar Myrdal, K. William Kapp and Nicholas Kaldor. As the most comprehensive collection of the growing body of CCC research to date, this book also reflects the emergence of an economic paradigm for understanding economic dynamics and for crafting viable development strategies for the 21st century. The volume will be of great interest to scholars of growth and development economics, institutional and evolutionary economics, political economy, and Post Keynesian economics from undergraduate to postgraduate research levels. |
| foundations of the market price system: The Oxford Handbook of Austrian Economics Peter J. Boettke, Christopher J. Coyne, 2015 The Austrian School of Economics is an intellectual tradition in economics and political economy dating back to Carl Menger in the late-19th century. Menger stressed the subjective nature of value in the individual decision calculus. Individual choices are indeed made on the margin, but the evaluations of rank ordering of ends sought in the act of choice are subjective to individual chooser. For Menger, the economic calculus was about scarce means being deployed to pursue an individual's highest valued ends. The act of choice is guided by subjective assessments of the individual, and is open ended as the individual is constantly discovering what ends to pursue, and learning the most effective way to use the means available to satisfy those ends. This school of economic thinking spread outside of Austria to the rest of Europe and the United States in the early-20th century and continued to develop and gain followers, establishing itself as a major stream of heterodox economics. The Oxford Handbook of Austrian Economics provides an overview of this school and its theories. The various contributions discussed in this book all reflect a tension between the Austrian School's orthodox argumentative structure (rational choice and invisible hand) and its addressing of a heterodox problem situations (uncertainty, differential knowledge, ceaseless change). The Austrian economists from the founders to today seek to derive the invisible hand theorem from the rational choice postulate via institutional analysis in a persistent and consistent manner. Scholars and students working in the field of History of Economic Thought, those following heterodox approaches, and those both familiar with the Austrian School or looking to learn more will find much to learn in this comprehensive volume. |
| foundations of the market price system: Private Foundations Bruce R. Hopkins, Jody Blazek, 2004-03-01 Private foundations are a special niche of the nonprofit sector. They are allowed to remain relatively tax-exempt in exchange for supporting charitable activities. There are more than 50,000–and growing–private foundations in the United States holding assets worth more than $230 billion. Private foundations are subject to a unique and complex set of (mostly tax) regulations that govern everything from how much money they give away to their investment policies and procedures. This much needed, annually updated manual explicates a wide range of tax rules and regulations for these foundations and prepares them for the increasing scrutiny of the IRS. Co-authored by a lawyer and tax accountant, the revised and expanded second edition of this highly respected guide includes practical tax compliance suggestions and in-depth legal explanations, line-by-line instructions, sample-filled IRS forms, and complete citations. |
| foundations of the market price system: Paradigms and Conventions Young Back Choi, 1993 Paradigms and Conventions presents a viable alternative to the standard neoclassical economic approach of a rational maximizing model. Young Back Choi develops the concept of convention and uses it to build our understanding of the working of the market as a social learning process. This approach offers a unique perspective on entrepreneurs and innovators by carefully analyzing the nature of decision making under uncertainty and the problem of modeling it, and then systematically exploring its behavioral implications. Paradigms and Conventions presents propositions and their corollaries logically derived from the principles that human beings must judge situations before they can act; and that when faced with an unfamiliar situation, human beings will endeavor to form a judgment of it. By putting the human mind at the center of the analysis, Professor Choi creates a surprisingly fruitful way of thinking about these issues that promises a new view of decision making. This book offers the stimulus of new ideas and the insights of a new approach that will be attractive to students and faculty in psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, and philosophy, as well as economics. |
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