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economics durable goods: The Measurement of Durable Goods Prices Robert J. Gordon, 2007-12-01 American business has recently been under fire, charged with inflated pricing and an inability to compete in the international marketplace. However, the evidence presented in this volume shows that the business community has been unfairly maligned—official measures of inflation and the standard of living have failed to account for progress in the quality of business equipment and consumer goods. Businesses have actually achieved higher productivity at lower prices, and new goods are lighter, faster, more energy efficient, and more reliable than their predecessors. Robert J. Gordon has written the first full-scale work to treat the extent of quality changes over the entire range of durable goods, from autos to aircraft, computers to compressors, from televisions to tractors. He combines and extends existing methods of measurement, drawing data from industry sources, Consumer Reports, and the venerable Sears catalog. Beyond his important finding that the American economy is more sound than officially recognized, Gordon provides a wealth of anecdotes tracing the postwar history of technological progress. Bolstering his argument that improved quality must be accurately measured, Gordon notes, for example, that today's mid-range personal computers outperform the multimillion-dollar mainframes of the 1970s. This remarkable book will be essential reading for economists and those in the business community. |
economics durable goods: Longer Lasting Products Tim Cooper, 2016-05-06 The present economic system requires us to consume and throw away more and more goods. Yet often it's our desire, and the best interests of the environment, for these goods to last. The contributors to this book, who comprise many of the most significant international thinkers in the field, explore how longer lasting products could offer enhanced value while reducing environmental impacts. If we created fewer but better quality products, looked after them carefully and invested more in repair, renovation and upgrading, would this direct our economy onto a more sustainable course? The solution sounds simple, yet it requires a seismic shift in how we think, whether as producers or consumers, and our voracious appetite for novelty. The complex range of issues associated with product life-spans demands a multidisciplinary approach. The book covers historical context, design, engineering, marketing, law, government policy, consumer behaviour and systems of provision. It addresses the whole range of consumer durables - vehicles, kitchen appliances, audio-visual equipment and other domestic products, furniture and floor coverings, hardware, garden tools, clothing, household textiles, recreational goods and DIY goods - as well as the re-use of packaging. Longer Lasting Products provides policy makers, those involved in product design, manufacturing and marketing, and all of us as consumers, with clear and compelling guidance as to how we can move away from a throwaway culture towards an economy sustained by more durable goods. |
economics durable goods: Durable Trades Rory Groves, 2020-11-12 With over thirty thousand occupations currently in existence, workers today face a bewildering array of careers from which to choose, and upon which to center their lives. But there is more at stake than just a paycheck. For too long, work has driven a wedge between families, dividing husband from wife, father from son, mother from daughter, and family from home. Building something that will last requires a radically different approach than is common or encouraged today. In Durable Trades, Groves uncovers family-centered professions that have endured the worst upheavals in history--including the Industrial Revolution--and continue to thrive today. Through careful research and thoughtful commentary, Groves offers another way forward to those looking for a more durable future. Winner, 2020 Silver Nautilus Award Finalist, 2020 Midwest Book Award |
economics durable goods: The Demand for Durable Goods Arnold C. Harberger, 1963 |
economics durable goods: The Secrets of Economic Indicators Bernard Baumohl, 2007-07-24 “This is the real deal. Baumohl miraculously breathes life into economic indicators and statistics.” –The Wall Street Journal “This is the most up-to-date guide to economic indicators and their importance to financial markets in print. The coverage of less-reported indicators, especially those from nongovernment sources, is hard to find elsewhere. The inclusion of the actual published tables helps the newer student of the markets find the data in the public release. For anyone trying to follow the economic data, this should be next to your computer so that you can understand and find the data on the Internet.” –David Wyss, Chief Economist, Standard and Poor’s “I find Baumohl’s writing fascinating. In addition to the famous indicators, he includes many that I hadn’t heard of. I really appreciate that he tells you exactly where to find each indicator on the Web. Just about anyone who’s serious about understanding which way the economy is headed will want to read this book. It could be a classic.” –Harry Domash, Columnist for MSN Money and Publisher, Winning Investing Newsletter “Bernie Baumohl has accomplished something of real value in The Secrets of Economic Indicators. He has successfully demystified the world of financial and economic news that bombards us in our daily lives. Both professional investors and casual observers of the world of finance and economics will be grateful for what he has done. The constant stream of heretofore bewildering news from the world of business and finance can now be easily understood. Every businessperson or investor should keep a copy of Baumohl’s book close at hand as he or she catches up on the business, stock market, and economic events of the day. 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My confidence in reading and understanding economic indicators as portrayed in this book made me realize the possibilities this information holds for improving my personal net worth as well as navigating my business toward higher profits. I recommend this book if you care about your future finances.” –Morris E. Lasky, CEO, Lodging Unlimited, Inc.; Manager and consultant for $6 billion in hotel assets; Chairman, Lodging Conference; Chairman, International Hotel Conference “I think this is an excellent book. It’s well written, accessible to a variety of readers, deals with an interesting and important subject, and covers the topic well. It deserves to get a lot of notice and use.” –D. Quinn Mills, Alfred J. Weatherhead, Jr., Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School “Economic statistics, employment data, Federal Reserve surveys. Think they are boring? Think again! They can drive markets into a frenzy, causing billions of dollars to be made or lost in an instant. Bernie Baumohl brilliantly, clearly, and, yes, entertainingly describes what every investor and business manager should know about economic indicators: which ones move markets, how to interpret them, and how to use them to spot and capitalize on future economic trends. The Secrets of Economic Indicators is an extraordinary and insightful work–an enormously important contribution to the body of financial literature. Read it and then keep it on your desk. Consult it the next time you are deluged with a flurry of economic statistics. Your understanding certainly will be enhanced, and your portfolio will likely be as well.” –Robert Hormats, Vice Chairman, Goldman Sachs (International) “If you want to make money investing, this is an essential trend-tracking tool that will help get you to the bank. This book is the real deal. Bernard Baumohl miraculously breathes life into deadly economic indicators and boring statistics . . . he knows what he’s talking about, and his expertise proves it.” –Gerald Celente, Director, The Trends Research Institute COMPLETELY UPDATED! THE PLAIN-ENGLISH, UP-TO-THE-MINUTE GUIDE TO ECONOMIC INDICATORS: WHAT THEY MEAN, AND HOW TO USE THEM! Every day, investments bounce wildly in response to new economic indicators: statistics that provide crucial clues about the future of the economy and the markets. Now, you can use these indicators to make smarter investment decisions, just like the professionals. You don’t need an economics degree, or a CPA–just The Secrets of Economic Indicators, Second Edition! Using up-to-the-minute examples and real-world stories, former TIME Magazine senior economics reporter Bernard Baumohl illuminates every U.S. and foreign indicator that matters right now. You’ll learn where to find them, what their track records are, how to interpret them, and how to use that information to make better decisions. Baumohl has thoroughly updated this best-seller with new data, new examples, new indicators, and revised analyses–including a new assessment of the value of yield curves in predicting business cycles. Thousands of investors and business planners swore by the First Edition: these updates make it even more valuable. • New! Today’s 10 most crucial leading indicators Better ways to predict economic turning points in time to profit • Get ahead of the curve with the latest U.S. indicators New insights into U.S. employment, monetary policy, inflation, capital flows, and more • Emerging foreign indicators you need to track From China to India, Europe to Brazil...and beyond • Making sense of indicators in conflict What to do when the numbers disagree • Finding the data Free Web resources for the latest economic data • Which economic indicators really matter right now? • What do they mean for stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies...your portfolio? • How can you use them to make faster, smarter investment decisions? • Simple, clear, non-technical, friendly, usable...the only book of its kind! • By Bernard Baumohl, renowned economic analyst and former award-winning TIME Magazine financial journalist New edition, with extensive new coverage: • Many new U.S. and global indicators, from new employment reports to box office receipts • New examples and up-to-the-minute data • Updated analyses of yield curves and other key metrics • More international coverage • New rankings of leading economic indicators, and much more About the Author xiii What’s New in the Second Edition? xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxiii Chapter 1 The Lock-Up 1 Chapter 2 A Beginner’s Guide: Understanding the Lingo 17 Chapter 3 The Most Influential U.S. Economic Indicators 25 Chapter 4 International Economic Indicators: Why Are They So Important? 325 Chapter 5 Best Web Sites for U.S. Economic Indicators 373 Chapter 6 Best Web Sites for International Economic Indicators 381 Index 387 |
economics durable goods: Economics , |
economics durable goods: Comprehensive Economics XII S. A. Siddiqui, A. S. Siddiqui, 2011-02 |
economics durable goods: Product Durability-economics and Related Aspects Thomas E. Smith, W. David Conn, 1976 |
economics durable goods: The Economics of Inaction Nancy L. Stokey, 2009 In The Economics of Inaction, leading economist Nancy Stokey shows how the tools of stochastic control can be applied to dynamic problems of decision making under uncertainty when fixed costs are present. Stokey provides a self-contained, rigorous, and clear treatment of two types of models, impulse and instantaneous control. She presents the relevant results about Brownian motion and other diffusion processes, develops methods for analyzing each type of problem, and discusses applications to price setting, investment, and durable goods purchases.--Pub. desc. |
economics durable goods: Monetary Policy and the Relative Price of Durable Goods Alessandro Cantelmo, Mr.Giovanni Melina, 2017-12-22 In a SVAR model of the US, the response of the relative price of durables to a monetary contraction is either flat or mildly positive. It significantly falls only if narrowly defined as the ratio between new-house and nondurables prices. These findings are rationalized via the estimation of a two-sector New-Keynesian (NK) models. Durables prices are estimated to be as sticky as nondurables, leading to a flat relative price response to a monetary shock. Conversely, house prices are estimated to be almost flexible. Such results survive several robustness checks and a three-sector extension of the NK model. These findings have implications for building two-sector NK models with durable and nondurable goods, and for the conduct of monetary policy. |
economics durable goods: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics , 2016-05-18 The award-winning The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edition is now available as a dynamic online resource. Consisting of over 1,900 articles written by leading figures in the field including Nobel prize winners, this is the definitive scholarly reference work for a new generation of economists. Regularly updated! This product is a subscription based product. |
economics durable goods: The Lifetime of a Durable Good G. Antonides, 2012-12-06 As a psychologist by education, my interest is in how people solve problems. At the Economic Institute of Leyden Universi ty, I learned that economists study human behavior too, although their studies are limited to economic affairs. At the Institute of Scientific Research on Consumer Affairs became (SWOKA), I aware of the needs of consumer organizations and the government for consumer research to base their policy on. At Erasmus University Rotterdam, I got the opportunity to integrate my interests and knowledge into this book. The first part of the book attempts to integrate psychological theories of attitude, perception, motivation and decision into economics. Both disciplines are concerned with human behavior, and the economic paradigm of demand, subj ect to restrictions, is combined with the psychological tradition of direct measurements of perceptions and motivations. This results in a micro-model of economic choice that can be tested by means of information obtained directly from consumers. The empirical study deals with the problem of scrapping a durable consumption good. By means of a consumer survey, the micro-model of choice is applied to the decision to scrap a durable good, or to repair the good in case of a defect. This individual decision obviously is connected with the large scale problem of waste, and with the manufacturer's problem of producing durable goods with a certain quality and durabili ty. |
economics durable goods: The Measurement of Durable Goods Prices Robert James Gordon, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1974 |
economics durable goods: Economics in One Lesson Henry Hazlitt, 2010-08-11 Over a million copies sold! A fundamental influence on modern libertarianism, this classic guide to the basics of economic theory defends capitalism and the free market from economic myths that persist to this day. “A magnificent job of theoretical exposition.”—Ayn Rand Considered among the leading economic thinkers of the “Austrian School,” which includes Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich (F.A.) Hayek, and others, Henry Hazlitt wrote Economics in One Lesson in 1946. Concise and instructive, it is also deceptively prescient and far-reaching in its efforts to dissemble economic fallacies that are so prevalent they have almost become a new orthodoxy. Economic commentators across the political spectrum have credited Hazlitt with foreseeing the collapse of the global economy which occurred more than fifty years after the initial publication of Economics in One Lesson. Hazlitt’s focus on non-governmental solutions, strong—and strongly reasoned—anti-deficit position, and general emphasis on free markets, economic liberty of individuals, and the dangers of government intervention make Economics in One Lesson every bit as relevant and valuable today as it has been since publication. |
economics durable goods: Deep Economy Bill McKibben, 2007-03-06 Contending that more is not better for consumers, bestselling author McKibben offers a realistic, if challenging, scenario for a hopeful future. For those who wonder if there isn't more to life than buying, he provides insight on individual responsibility as well as global awareness. |
economics durable goods: The Economics of New Goods Timothy F. Bresnahan, Robert J. Gordon, 2008-04-15 New goods are at the heart of economic progress. The eleven essays in this volume include historical treatments of new goods and their diffusion; practical exercises in measurement addressed to recent and ongoing innovations; and real-world methods of devising quantitative adjustments for quality change. The lead article in Part I contains a striking analysis of the history of light over two millenia. Other essays in Part I develop new price indexes for automobiles back to 1906; trace the role of the air conditioner in the development of the American south; and treat the germ theory of disease as an economic innovation. In Part II essays measure the economic impact of more recent innovations, including anti-ulcer drugs, new breakfast cereals, and computers. Part III explores methods and defects in the treatment of quality change in the official price data of the United States, Canada, and Japan. This pathbreaking volume will interest anyone who studies economic growth, productivity, and the American standard of living. |
economics durable goods: Managerial Economics , 2009 1. The Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics 2. Determinants of Market Demand and the Law of Demand 3. Elasticity of Demand 4. Demand Forecasting 5. Production Function 6. Supply 7. Cost of Production 8. Break-even Analysis 9. Market Forms 10. Competitive Equilibrium Price 11. Pricing Under Perfect Competition 12. Monopoly 13. Price Discrimination 14. Pricing Under Monopolistic Competition 15. Oligopoly 16. Pricing Strategies and Methods 17. Government and Markets: Key Issues 18. Capital Budgeting. |
economics durable goods: The Defense Economic Adjustment Act United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities, 1983 |
economics durable goods: The Durable Use of Consumer Products Michel Kostecki, 2013-03-14 Do we need a new car or a new refrigerator every ten years? What happens to our PC which is exchanged for a new model every three years? Why do our shoes last only a year or so, while those of our great grandfather served for a genera tion? Are businesses deliberately marketing products in a way which encourages sub-optimal use and induces consumers to buy new products? More and more consumers respond ''yes'' objecting to the business practices which reduce the life span of a product or pay no attention to efficiency in con sumption. The growing concem with sub-optimal use of consumer durables arises as a response to the volume of waste, as wen as to the growing conviction that over-consumption is encouraged by marketing techniques and approaches that favor lesser durability and sub-optimal use. There are signs that those things will have to change. Firstly, client orientation - a condition sine qua non of marketing success in the saturated markets of rich countries - is gaining popularity. Consumers are better informed and more influential and intelligent consumption is on the rise. Buyers are becoming more and more hostile towards marketing manipulation, inducing them to consume faster, more and at higher prices. The public increas ingly resists messages in advertisements (preventive resistance) which are pre dominantly persuasive (rather than educational or informative) and conceived to stimulate demand for the new, the superficial and the fashionable. |
economics durable goods: Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders , 1963 |
economics durable goods: Business Conditions Digest United States. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1972 Vols. for Nov. 1968- include an advance release of the expanded summary table (table 1). |
economics durable goods: B C D United States. Bureau of the Census, 1971-07 Vols. for Nov. 1968- include an advance release of the expanded summary table (table 1). |
economics durable goods: Business Conditions Digest , 1971 |
economics durable goods: NCERT Economics Class 12 Revised 17th Edition for the Session of 2024-25 Dr. Anupam Agrawal, Mrs. Sharad Agrawal, 2024-03-15 Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1. Micro Economics : An Introduction 2. Economy & its Central Problems 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium 4. Demand and Law of Demand 5. Price Elasticity of Demand 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale 7. Production Costs 8. Concepts of Revenue 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions 10. Supply and Law of Supply 11. Elasticity of Supply 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply. Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning 16. Circular Flow of Income 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income 18. Measurement of National Income 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment) 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand 28. Government Budget and Economy 29. Foreign Exchange Rate 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components Board Examination Papers |
economics durable goods: BCD; Business Cycle Developments United States. Bureau of the Census, 1968-07 |
economics durable goods: Investigation of Concentration of Economic Power United States. Temporary National Economic Committee, 1939 |
economics durable goods: Investigation of Concentration of Economic Power United States. Congress. House. Temporary National Economic Committee, 1939 |
economics durable goods: Public Goods Raymond G. Batina, Toshihiro Ihori, 2005-05-09 A wide-ranging survey of the theory and evidence on public goods, presenting the main literature on public goods, both theoretical and empirical, in a systematic manner. The breadth and depth of the book's coverage extends the existing literature in many ways. |
economics durable goods: Mergers in Durable-goods Industries Ari David Gerstle, Michael Waldman, 2004 |
economics durable goods: Sustainable Communities Rhonda Phillips, Bruce Seifer, Ed Antczak, 2013-08-15 With a foreword written by Senator Bernie Sanders What is a durable economy? It is one that not only survives but thrives. How is it created, and what does it take to sustain over time? Sustainable Communities provides insight and answers to these questions. Citing Burlington, Vermont's remarkable rise to award-winning status, this book explores the balance of community planning, social enterprise development, energy and environment, food systems and cultural well-being. Aimed at policymakers, development practitioners, students, and citizens, this book describes which and how multiple influences facilitate the creation of a local, durable and truly sustainable economy. The authors hope to inspire others by sharing this story of what can be done in the name of community economic development. |
economics durable goods: NCERT Economics Class 12 Revised 18th Edition for the Session of 2025-26 Dr. Anupam Agrawal , Mrs. Sharad Agrawal, 2025-03-11 Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1. Micro Economics : An Introduction 2. Economy & its Central Problems 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium 4. Demand and Law of Demand 5. Price Elasticity of Demand 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale 7. Production Costs 8. Concepts of Revenue 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions 10. Supply and Law of Supply 11. Elasticity of Supply 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply. Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning 16. Circular Flow of Income 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income 18. Measurement of National Income 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment) 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand 28. Government Budget and Economy 29. Foreign Exchange Rate 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components Board Examination Papers |
economics durable goods: Optimal Monetary Policy with Durable and Non-durable Goods Christopher J. Erceg, Andrew T. Levin, 2002 |
economics durable goods: An Eponymous Dictionary of Economics Julio Segura, Carlos Rodríguez Braun, 2004-01-01 Julio Segura and Carlos Rodriguez Braun have assembled a unique Dictionary that will be an invaluable and much welcomed reference book for economic journalists, economists and economic scholars at all levels of academe, and in all areas of economics and its associated fields.--BOOK JACKET. |
economics durable goods: Economics Jeff R. Clark, Michael Veseth, 1987 |
economics durable goods: Economics Roger N. Waud, Hugh Stanton Norton, 1983 |
economics durable goods: Jharkhand Board Economics Class 12 Revised Edition Dr. Anupam Agrawal, Mrs. Sharad Agrawal, 2025-04-20 Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1. Micro Economics : An Introduction 2. Economy & its Central Problems 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium 4. Demand and Law of Demand 5. Price Elasticity of Demand 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale 7. Production Costs 8. Concepts of Revenue 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions 10. Supply and Law of Supply 11. Elasticity of Supply 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply. Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning 16. Circular Flow of Income 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income 18. Measurement of National Income 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment) 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand 28. Government Budget and Economy 29. Foreign Exchange Rate 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components. Board Examination Papers |
economics durable goods: The Acquisition of Consumer Durables J. F. Pickering, 1977 |
economics durable goods: Introduction to the Study of Economics Charles Jesse Bullock, 1897 |
Economics - Wikipedia
Economics (/ ˌ ɛ k ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ k s, ˌ iː k ə-/) [1] [2] is a behavioral science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [3] [4] Economics focuses on …
Economics Defined With Types, Indicators, and Systems
Jun 28, 2024 · Economics is a branch of the social sciences focused on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Microeconomics is a type of economics …
Economics | Definition, History, Examples, Types, & Facts ...
May 12, 2025 · economics, social science that seeks to analyze and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. In the 19th century economics was the hobby of …
The A to Z of economics | The Economist
In economics, a transfer is a payment of money without any goods or services being exchanged in return. Governments make transfers in the form of welfare benefits but individuals make …
What is Economics? - American Economic Association
Economics can help us answer these questions. Below, we’ve provided links to short articles that illustrate what economics is and how it connects to our everyday lives. Economics can be …
Economics - Wikipedia
Economics (/ ˌ ɛ k ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ k s, ˌ iː k ə-/) [1] [2] is a behavioral science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [3] [4] Economics …
Economics Defined With Types, Indicators, and Systems
Jun 28, 2024 · Economics is a branch of the social sciences focused on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Microeconomics is a type of …
Economics | Definition, History, Examples, Types, & Facts ...
May 12, 2025 · economics, social science that seeks to analyze and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. In the 19th century economics was the hobby …
The A to Z of economics | The Economist
In economics, a transfer is a payment of money without any goods or services being exchanged in return. Governments make transfers in the form of welfare benefits …
What is Economics? - American Economic Association
Economics can help us answer these questions. Below, we’ve provided links to short articles that illustrate what economics is and how it connects to our everyday …