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| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization Charles A. Evans, 1992 This is a comprehensive volume on analytical techniques used in materials science for the characterization of surfaces, interfaces and thin films. This flagship volume is a unique, stand-alone reference for materials science practitioners, process engineers, students and anyone with a need to know about the capabilities available in materials analysis. An encyclopedia of 50 concise articles, this book will also be a practical companion to the forthcoming books in the series.--Knovel. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Concise Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization R.W. Cahn, E.M. Lifshitz, 2016-01-22 To use materials effectively, their composition, degree of perfection, physical and mechanical characteristics, and microstructure must be accurately determined. This concise encyclopledia covers the wide range of characterization techniques necessary to achieve this.Articles included are not only concerned with the characterization techniques of specific materials such as polymers, metals, ceramics and semiconductors but also techniques which can be applied to materials in general.The techniques described cover bulk methods, and also a number of specific methods to study the topography and composition of surface and near-surface regions. These techniques range from the well-established and traditional to the very latest including: atomic force microscopy; confocal optical microscopy; gamma ray diffractometry; thermal wave imaging; x-ray diffraction and time-resolved techniques.This unique concise encyclopedia comprises 116 articles by leading experts in the field from around the world to create the ideal guide for materials scientists, chemists and engineers involved with any aspect of materials characterization. With over 540 illustrations, extensive cross-referencing, approximately 900 references, and a detailed index, this concise encyclopedia will be a valuable asset to any materials science collection. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook Sam Zhang, 2016-04-19 Written in a versatile, contemporary style that will benefit both novice and expert alike, Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook, Two-Volume Set covers the state of the art in the development and implementation of advanced thin films and coatings in the biological field. Consisting of two volumes-Processing and Characterization and Applicatio |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Microanalysis of Solids B.G. Yacobi, L.L. Kazmerski, D.B. Holt, 2013-06-29 The main objective of this book is to systematically describe the basic principles of the most widely used techniques for the analysis of physical, structural, and compositional properties of solids with a spatial resolution of approxi mately 1 ~m or less. Many books and reviews on a wide variety of microanalysis techniques have appeared in recent years, and the purpose of this book is not to replace them. Rather, the motivation for combining the descriptions of various mi croanalysis techniques in one comprehensive volume is the need for a reference source to help identify microanalysis techniques, and their capabilities, for obtaining particular information on solid-state materials. In principle, there are several possible ways to group the various micro analysis techniques. They can be distinguished by the means of excitation, or the emitted species, or whether they are surface or bulk-sensitive techniques, or on the basis of the information obtained. We have chosen to group them according to the means of excitation. Thus, the major parts of the book are: Electron Beam Techniques, Ion Beam Techniques, Photon Beam Techniques, Acoustic Wave Excitation, and Tunneling of Electrons and Scanning Probe Microscopies. We hope that this book will be useful to students (final year undergrad uates and graduates) and researchers, such as physicists, material scientists, electrical engineers, and chemists, working in a wide variety of fields in solid state sciences. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Comprehensive Semiconductor Science and Technology , 2024-11-28 Semiconductors are at the heart of modern living. Almost everything we do, be it work, travel, communication, or entertainment, all depend on some feature of semiconductor technology. Comprehensive Semiconductor Science and Technology, Second Edition, Three Volume Set captures the breadth of this important field and presents it in a single source to the large audience who study, make, and use semiconductor devices. Written and edited by a truly international team of experts and newly updated to capture key advancements in the field, this work delivers an objective yet cohesive review of the semiconductor world.The work is divided into three sections, fully updated and expanded from the first edition. The first section is concerned with the fundamental physics of semiconductors, showing how the electronic features and the lattice dynamics change drastically when systems vary from bulk to a low-dimensional structure and further to a nanometer size. Throughout this section there is an emphasis on the full understanding of the underlying physics, especially quantum phenomena. The second section deals largely with the transformation of the conceptual framework of solid-state physics into devices and systems, which require the growth of high-purity or doped, bulk and epitaxial materials with low defect density and well-controlled electrical and optical properties. The third section is devoted to design, fabrication and assessment of discrete and integrated semiconductor devices. It will cover the entire spectrum of devices we see all around us, for telecommunications, computing, automation, displays, illumination and consumer electronics. - Provides a comprehensive global picture of the semiconductor world - Written and Edited by an international team of experts - Compiles the most important semiconductor knowledge into one comprehensive resource - Moves from fundamentals and theory to more advanced knowledge, such as applications, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of the field |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Solid Lubrication Fundamentals and Applications Kazuhisa Miyoshi, 2019-06-05 Solid Lubrication Fundamentals and Applications description of the adhesion, friction, abrasion, and wear behavior of solid film lubricants and related tribological materials, including diamond and diamond-like solid films. The book details the properties of solid surfaces, clean surfaces, and contaminated surfaces as well as discussing the structu |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Cardiovascular Engineering Dyah Ekashanti Octorina Dewi, Yuan Wen Hau, Ahmad Zahran Mohd Khudzari, Ida Idayu Muhamad, Eko Supriyanto, 2019-08-21 This book highlights recent technological advances, reviews and applications in the field of cardiovascular engineering, including medical imaging, signal processing and informatics, biomechanics, as well as biomaterials. It discusses the use of biomaterials and 3D printing for tissue-engineered heart valves, and also presents a unique combination of engineering and clinical approaches to solve cardiovascular problems. This book is a valuable resource for students, lecturers and researchers in the field of biomedical engineering. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Characterization of Metals and Alloys Paul Holloway, 2010 A better understanding of the microstructure of metals and alloys has led to great advances in the performance and useful applications of these, the oldest of mankind's engineered materials. This book in the Materials Characterizations series focuses on the particular molecular and atomistic properties of metals insofar as how they affect the different techniques for measuring and analyzing internal structure, surface structure, and chemical/physical properties. It provides a vital connection between commonly used characterization techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy and how such can be used in the various ways that metals are processed, machined, and used. Review of relevant mechanical and chemical properties of metals and how they affect characterization techniques Characterization techniques used for melting and casting, machining, and metallic thin films processes Concise summaries of major characterization technologies for metals and alloys, including Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Neutron Activation Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Spectroscopy |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Characterization of Ceramics Ronald E. Loehman, Ronald Loehman, 2010 Ceramics are, in a general definition, materials that consist of man-made, inorganic, non-metallic solid material - either existing in a crystalline state or non-crystalline state (i.e., glasses). Materials characterization techniques are used to ensure the structural and surface integrity of ceramics for their use in a wide variety of applications, from thermal resistance to advanced electronic and optical technologies like fiber optics to structural uses. This book presents those techniques along with views on future trends in ceramics processing and advanced characterization technologies particularly appropriate to ceramics materials. Readers will find more on: Ceramic Materials preparation routes, including powder preparation by solution techniques and gas-phase techniques Formation techniques for ceramic films and coatings, thick films and bulk ceramics A review of ceramic microstructure, reactions, phase behavior, mechanical properties and electronic and magnetic ceramics |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Characterization in Silicon Processing Yale Strausser, 2013-10-22 This volume is devoted to the consideration of the use use of surface, thin film and interface characterization tools in support of silicon-based semiconductor processing. The approach taken is to consider each of the types of films used in silicon devices individually in its own chapter and to discuss typical problems seen throughout that films' history, including characterization tools which are most effectively used to clarifying and solving those problems. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Characterization in Compound Semiconductor Processing Gary E. McGuire, 2010-01-01 Compound semiconductors such as Gallium Arsenide, Gallium Aluminum Arsenide, and Indium Phosphide are often difficult to characterize and present a variety of challenges from substrate preparation, to epitaxial growth to dielectric film deposition to dopant introduction. This book reviews the common classes of compound semiconductors, their physical, optical and electrical properties and the various types of methods used for characterizing them when analyzing for defects and application problems. The book features: -- Characterization of III-V Thin Films for Electronic and Optical applications -- Characterization of Dielectric Insulating Film layers -- A Special case study on Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy on GaAs -- Concise summaries of major characterization technologies for compound semiconductor materials, including Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Neutron Activation Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Micro and Nanomanufacturing Volume II Mark J. Jackson, Waqar Ahmed, 2024-12-28 This completly revised new edition offers a comprehensive treatment of micro and nanofabrication techniques and applies established and research laboratory manufacturing techniques to various materials. Designed as a companion volume to the book Micro and Nanomanufacturing, it covers topics such as aligned nanowire growth, molecular dynamics simulation of nanomaterials, atomic force microscopy for microbial cell surfaces, 3D printing of pharmaceuticals, microvascular coaptation methods, and more. The chapters also cover a wide variety of applications in areas such as surgery, auto components, living cell detection, dentistry, nanoparticles in medicine, and aerospace components, with six brand new chapters covering applications including the role of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the manufacture of Lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, the incineration of waste materials, the manufacturing of cosmetics, sputtered thin films for biomedical applications, and the manufacture of nanofibers using electrospinning. Micro and Nanomanufacturing Volume II is an ideal text for professionals working in the field and for graduate students in micro and nanomanufacturing courses. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Structural Materials Harvinder Singh, 2021-06-29 This book discusses the properties, characterization procedures, and analysis techniques of various structural materials. It presents the latest design considerations and uses of engineering materials as well as theories for fully understanding them through numerous worked mathematical examples. The book gradually builds the concept of materials and the principles of material classifications and their response to different physical disturbances, and finally, about the selection methods based upon the test results of the standard methods to choose appropriate materials for various engineering applications. The principles and related theories predicting the response of different structural materials are introduced in a concise and logical manner. A number of illustrations and examples are also given in all chapters for the help of potential readers. The book will be useful for practicing engineers, researchers, and students in the area of civil engineering, especially structural engineering and allied fields. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Applied Mechanics Reviews , 1993 |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation in Engineering Materials Science Peter Staron, Andreas Schreyer, Helmut Clemens, Svea Mayer, 2017-01-03 Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods. As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization. The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science. With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20% new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Purification of Peptides in High-Complexity Arrays Christopher Schirwitz, 2013-08-13 Christopher Schirwitz's thesis focuses on improving the quality of in situ synthesized high-complexity peptide micro arrays. Micro arrays containing proteins or small protein fragments in the form of peptides have become of great interest in proteomic research. With the help of these microarrays a large number of potential target molecules can be screened for interaction with a probe in a short timeframe. However, protein and peptide micro arrays are still lagging behind oligonucleotide arrays in terms of density, quality and manufacturing costs. A new approach developed at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) has improved the synthesis of high-density peptide arrays. The current technology is capable of producing arrays with up to 40,000 different peptides per square cm by means of micro particle-based solid phase peptide synthesis. However, in situ synthesis approaches bear a conceptual disadvantage: The quality of the peptides is dependent on the efficiency of the synthesis so that peptide fragments are present in the resulting array among the desired full-length peptides. In peptide-protein interaction studies such peptide fragments. The central achievement of this thesis is the development of a new method allowing for the fast one-step purification of entire arrays without loss of resolution or spatial information. Christopher Schirwitz's work has resulted in a number of publications in high ranking journals. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Analytical and Diagnostic Techniques for Semiconductor Materials, Devices and Processes Bernd O. Kolbesen (Chemiker.), 1999 |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Managing for Ethical-Organizational Integrity Abe J. Zakhem, Daniel E. Palmer, 2012 Provides guidelines for ethical decision making in business that are philosophically sound and strategically advantageous. This title explains the concepts of basic and derivative rights in a way that can enable managers to identify those ethical duties that must be met in order to morally justify the pursuit of profit. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Zinc Oxide Hadis Morkoç, Ümit Özgür, 2008-12-03 This first systematic, authoritative and thorough treatment in one comprehensive volume presents the fundamentals and technologies of the topic, elucidating all aspects of ZnO materials and devices. Following an introduction, the authors look at the general properties of ZnO, as well as its growth, optical processes, doping and ZnO-based dilute magnetic semiconductors. Concluding sections treat bandgap engineering, processing and ZnO nanostructures and nanodevices. Of interest to device engineers, physicists, and semiconductor and solid state scientists in general. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Ion Implantation Mark Goorsky, 2012-05-30 Ion implantation presents a continuously evolving technology. While the benefits of ion implantation are well recognized for many commercial endeavors, there have been recent developments in this field. Improvements in equipment, understanding of beam-solid interactions, applications to new materials, improved characterization techniques, and more recent developments to use implantation for nanostructure formation point to new directions for ion implantation and are presented in this book. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Porous Silicon: From Formation to Application: Formation and Properties, Volume One Ghenadii Korotcenkov, 2016-04-21 Porous silicon is rapidly attracting increasing interest in various fields, including optoelectronics, microelectronics, photonics, medicine, chemistry, biosensing, and energy. Porous Silicon: Formation and Properties fills a gap in the literature of the field today, providing a thorough introduction to current knowledge of the formation, processin |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Metallic Nanostructures Yujie Xiong, Xianmao Lu, 2014-10-31 This book details the design for creation of metal nanomaterials with optimal functionality for specific applications. The authors describe how to make desired metal nanomaterials in a wet lab. They include an overview of applications metal nanomaterials can be implemented in and address the fundamentals in the controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Optical Properties of Phosphate and Pyrophosphate Compounds Ritesh L. Kohale, Vijay B. Pawade, Sanjay J. Dhoble, Abdul Hakeem Deshmukh, 2020-12-05 An in-depth look at the luminescence of phosphor materials for applications in optical devices, sensors, and medical technologies. Optical Properties of Phosphate and Pyrophosphate Compounds gives a broad introduction to pyrophosphates and phosphate-based phosphors, including their fundamental properties, material composition, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and applications in optical devices and technologies. The text describes the development of the materials' shape and size, as well as crucial characterization techniques for key applications. Additionally, it includes essential information about recently used single and mixed cations pyrophosphate and phosphate compounds. This book is suitable for researchers working in materials science, engineering, materials chemistry, and physics. It may also be helpful to engineers and chemists working in R&D for solid state lighting. - Includes comprehensive review of materials synthesis and characterization techniques for pyrophosphate and phosphate-based phosphor materials for key applications - Discusses the fundamentals of luminescence and the optical properties of pyrophosphate and phosphate-based phosphor material - Addresses key applications in optical devices, sensors, and medical technologies |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Nanofabrication Handbook Stefano Cabrini, Satoshi Kawata, 2012-02-24 While many books are dedicated to individual aspects of nanofabrication, there is no single source that defines and explains the total vision of the field. Filling this gap, Nanofabrication Handbook presents a unique collection of new and the most important established approaches to nanofabrication. Contributors from leading research facilities and academic institutions around the world define subfields, offer practical instructions and examples, and pave the way for future research. Helping readers to select the proper fabricating technique for their experiments, the book provides a broad vision of the most critical problems and explains how to solve them. It includes basic definitions and introduces the main underlying concepts of nanofabrication. The book also discusses the major advantages and disadvantages of each approach and offers a wide variety of examples of cutting-edge applications. Each chapter focuses on a particular method or aspect of study. For every method, the contributors describe the underlying theoretical basis, resolution, patterns and substrates used, and applications. They show how applications at the nanoscale require a different process and understanding than those at the microscale. For each experiment, they elucidate key solutions to problems relating to materials, methods, and surface considerations. A complete resource for this rapidly emerging interdisciplinary field, this handbook provides practical information for planning the experiments of any project that employs nanofabrication techniques. It gives readers a foundation to enter the complex world of nanofabrication and inspires the scientific community at large to push the limits of nanometer resolution. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications Shakeel Ahmed, 2022-04-15 Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications provides fundamental information on recent developments in this important field of research. The book comprehensively summarizes recent technical research accomplishments in bionanocomposites for food packaging applications. It discusses various aspects of green and sustainable bionanocomposites from the point-of-view of chemistry and engineering. Key chapters include methods of fabrication, processing and advanced production techniques, characterization, PLA, PCL, PGA, Poly (butylene succinate), Chitosan, Starch, Cellulose, PHAs, PHB, Carrageenan, Lignin and Protein-based bionanocomposites for food packaging applications. In addition, the book highlights lifecycle analysis and impacts on health and the environment. Modern technologies for processing and strategies for improving performance, such as biodegradability and permeability, both of which are key factors to achieve environmentally friendly alternatives to more traditional plastic materials are also included. - Covers all types of bionanocomposites for packaging - Provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review on the latest research - Addresses lifecycle analysis and impacts on the environmental and health - Covers safety aspects and the circular economy |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Reliability Investigation of LED Devices for Public Light Applications Raphael Baillot, Yannick Deshayes, 2017-03-09 Reliability Investigation of LED Devices for Public Light Applications focuses on state-of-the-art GaN-based LED technology through the study of typical failure mechanisms in public lighting applications. Across the different chapters, the reader will explore the tools and analyses involved in the study and application of a number of different LED devices. The authors review GaN-based LED technology by focusing on the main failure mechanisms targeting polymer-based packaging, thanks to electrical and spectral models. The proposed technology and methodologies will help those interested in the topic to further their knowledge of failure mechanisms, exploring the physical and chemical analyses involved. - Based on the work of two main Phd results in 2011 and 2014 - Describes GaN technology in the state-of-the-art, focusing on the specific electrical and spectral model - Proposes the technology and methodologies to understand failure mechanisms |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Nanotechnology Applications in Health and Environmental Sciences Necdet Saglam, Feza Korkusuz, Ram Prasad, 2021-05-09 Nanoscience and nanotechnologies are leading to a major point to our understanding of nature. Nanotechnology can be generally defined as creation and use of nano-sized systems, devices, and structures which have special functions or properties because of their small size. This volume on Nanotechnology Applications in Health and Environmental Sciences focuses on biotechnological and environmental applications of nanomaterials. It covers popular and various nanomedical topics such as oncology, genetics, and reconstructive medicine. Additionally, many chapters give leading-edge information on nano-sensor applications and usage in specific disciplines. Also, two chapters on novel subjects have been included on Lantibiotics and microbiota. This book should be useful for nanotechnologists, microbiologists, and researchers interested in nanomedicine and nano-biotechnology, as well as environmental nanotechnology. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Starches Andrea Bertolini, 2009-12-07 Starch is one of the major polysaccharides employed as biopolymers by the food industry, and its wide range of applications has resulted in intense research of starch structure and technology. Written by an outstanding multidisciplinary team with complementary expertise in both academia and industry, Starches: Characterization, Properties, and Appl |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: A Laboratory Course in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern, 2014-12-06 Although there are many theoretical nanotechnology and nanoscience textbooks available to students, there are relatively few practical laboratory-based books. Filling this need, A Laboratory Course in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology presents a hands-on approach to key synthesis techniques and processes currently used in nanotechnology and nanoscience. Written by a pioneer in nanotechnology, this practical manual shows undergraduate students how to synthesize their own nanometer-scale materials and structures and then analyze their results using advanced characterization techniques. Through a series of well-designed, classroom-tested lab experiments, students directly experience some of the magic of the nano world. The lab exercises give students hands-on skills to complement their theoretical studies. Moreover, the material in the book underscores the truly interdisciplinary nature of nanoscience, preparing students from physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology for work in nanoscience- and nanotechnology-related industries. After introducing examples of nanometer-scale materials and structures found in nature, the book presents a range of nanometer-scale materials and the synthesis processes used to produce them. It then covers advanced characterization techniques for examining nanometer-scale materials and structures. It also addresses lab safety and the identification of potential hazards in the lab before explaining how to prepare a scientific report and present research results. In addition, the author discusses typical projects undertaken in nanotechnology labs, such as the analysis of samples using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The book concludes with a set of projects that students can do while collaborating with a mentor or supervisor. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Biosensors Jagriti Narang, C.S. Pundir, 2017-09-19 Nanotechnology is a budding field and has a pivotal role in sensing. Nanomaterials exist in various forms such as nanoparticles, nanoclusters, nanobelts, and nanospheres. These nanomaterials act as sensing interfaces and immobilization surfaces for various biomolecules such as enzymes, DNA, and antigens. Therefore, the preparation and characterization of these nanoparticles play an important role in sensing devices. This handbook has evolved from the authors’ teaching and research experience in the field of nanoparticle biosensing. It encompasses protocols for the synthesis of various forms of metal oxide nanoparticles; study of the various characterizing techniques that help deduce the shape, size, and morphology of these nanoparticles; and applications of these nanoparticles in the field of biosensors. It presents voltammetry techniques such as cyclic, linear wave, wave pulse, and differential pulse voltammetry, throws light on the interactions of nanomaterials and biomolecules, and discusses microfluidic devices, which due to their unique capability of miniaturization fascinate many researchers. It is a practical and user-friendly textbook that introduces the various basic principles and practical information that will help undergraduate and advanced-level students and researchers understand the science behind nanoscale sensing. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Electroplating Darwin Sebayang, Sulaiman Hasan, 2012-04-11 This book emphasizes on new applications of electroplating with consideration for environmental aspect and experimental design. Written by experienced expert from various countries, the authors come from academia and electroplating industrial players. Here, a very detailed explanation to the new application of the electroplating is followed by a solution of the environmental issue caused by the electroplating process and concluded by experimental design for optimization of electro deposition processes. Coverage included: 1) Preparation NiO catalyst on FeCrAl Subtrate Using Various Technique at Higher Oxidation Process 2) Electrochemical properties of carbon- supported metal nanoparticle prepared by electroplating methods 3) Fabrication of InGaN-Based Vertical Light Emitting Diodes Using Electroplating 4) Integration Of Electrografted Layers for the Metallization of Deep Through Silicon Vias 5) Biomass adsorbent for removal of toxic metal ions from electroplating industry wastewater 6) Resistant fungal biodiversity of electroplating effluent and their metal tolerance index 7) Experimental design and response surface analysis as available tools for statistical modeling and optimization of electrodeposition processes |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Materials Chemistry Bradley D. Fahlman, 2011-03-18 The 2nd edition of Materials Chemistry builds on the strengths that were recognized by a 2008 Textbook Excellence Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association (TAA). Materials Chemistry addresses inorganic-, organic-, and nano-based materials from a structure vs. property treatment, providing a suitable breadth and depth coverage of the rapidly evolving materials field — in a concise format. The 2nd edition continues to offer innovative coverage and practical perspective throughout, e.g.: the opening solid-state chemistry chapter uses color illustrations of crystalline unit cells and digital photos of models to clarify their structures. This edition features more archetypical unit cells and includes fundamental principles of X-ray crystallography and band theory. In addition, an ample amorphous-solids section has been expanded to include more details regarding zeolite syntheses, as well as ceramics classifications and their biomaterial applications. The subsequent metals chapter has been re-organized for clarity, and continues to treat the full spectrum of powder metallurgical methods, complex phase behaviors of the Fe-C system and steels, and topics such as corrosion and shape-memory properties. The mining/processing of metals has also been expanded to include photographs of various processes occurring in an actual steelmaking plant. The semiconductor chapter addresses evolution and limitations/solutions of modern transistors, as well as IC fabrication and photovoltaics. Building on the fundamentals presented earlier, more details regarding the band structure of semiconductors is now included, as well as discussions of GaAs vs. Si for microelectronics applications, and surface reconstruction nomenclature. The emerging field of ‘soft lithographic’ patterning is now included in this chapter, and thin film deposition methodologies are also greatly expanded to now include more fundamental aspects of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). The polymer and ‘soft’ materials chapter represents the largest expansion for the 2nd edition. This chapter describes all polymeric classes including dendritic polymers, as well as important additives such as plasticizers and flame-retardants, and emerging applications such as molecular magnets and self-repairing polymers. This edition now features ‘click chemistry’ polymerization, silicones, conductive polymers and biomaterials applications such as biodegradable polymers, biomedical devices, drug delivery, and contact lenses. Final chapters on nanomaterials and materials-characterization techniques are also carefully surveyed, focusing on nomenclature, synthetic techniques, and applications taken from the latest scientific literature. The 2nd edition has been significantly updated to now include nanotoxicity, vapor-phase growth of 0-D nanostructures, and more details regarding synthetic techniques and mechanisms for solution-phase growth of various nanomaterials. Graphene, recognized by the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics, is now also included in this edition. Most appropriate for Junior/Senior undergraduate students, as well as first-year graduate students in chemistry, physics, or engineering fields, Materials Chemistry may also serve as a valuable reference to industrial researchers. Each chapter concludes with a section that describes important materials applications, and an updated list of thought-provoking questions. The appendices have also been updated with additional laboratory modules for materials synthesis (e.g., porous silicon) and a comprehensive timeline of major materials developments. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Hydrogel Micro and Nanoparticles L. Andrew Lyon, Michael J. Serpe, 2012-09-24 The book provides experienced as well as young researchers with a topical view of the vibrant field of soft nanotechnology. In addition to elucidating the underlying concepts and principles that drive continued innovation, major parts of each chapter are devoted to detailed discussions of potential and already realized applications of micro- and nanogel- based materials. Examples of the diverse areas impacted by these materials are biocompatible coatings for implants, films for controlled drug release, self-healing soft materials and responsive hydrogels that react to varying pH conditions, temperature or light. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Microelectronic Applications of Chemical Mechanical Planarization Yuzhuo Li, 2007-12-04 An authoritative, systematic, and comprehensive description of current CMP technology Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) provides the greatest degree of planarization of any known technique. The current standard for integrated circuit (IC) planarization, CMP is playing an increasingly important role in other related applications such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and computer hard drive manufacturing. This reference focuses on the chemical aspects of the technology and includes contributions from the foremost experts on specific applications. After a detailed overview of the fundamentals and basic science of CMP, Microelectronic Applications of Chemical Mechanical Planarization: * Provides in-depth coverage of a wide range of state-of-the-art technologies and applications * Presents information on new designs, capabilities, and emerging technologies, including topics like CMP with nanomaterials and 3D chips * Discusses different types of CMP tools, pads for IC CMP, modeling, and the applicability of tribometrology to various aspects of CMP * Covers nanotopography, CMP performance and defect profiles, CMP waste treatment, and the chemistry and colloidal properties of the slurries used in CMP * Provides a perspective on the opportunities and challenges of the next fifteen years Complete with case studies, this is a valuable, hands-on resource for professionals, including process engineers, equipment engineers, formulation chemists, IC manufacturers, and others. With systematic organization and questions at the end of each chapter to facilitate learning, it is an ideal introduction to CMP and an excellent text for students in advanced graduate courses that cover CMP or related semiconductor manufacturing processes. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Forward Recoil Spectrometry Y. Serruys, J. Tirira, P. Trocellier, 2012-12-06 The practical properties of many materials are dominated by surface and near-surface composition and structure. An understanding of how the surface region affects material properties starts with an understanding of the elemental composition of that region. Since the most common contaminants are light elements (for example, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen), there is a clear need for an analytic probe that simultaneously and quantitatively records elemental profiles of all light elements. Energy recoil detection using high-energy heavy ions is unique in its ability to provide quantitative profiles of light and medium mass elements. As such this method holds great promise for the study of a variety of problems in a wide range of fields. While energy recoil detection is one of the newest and most promising ion beam analytic techniques, it is also the oldest in terms of when it was first described. Before discussing recent developments in this field, perhaps it is worth reviewing the early days of this century when the first energy recoil detection experiments were reported. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Characterization of Tribological Materials, Second Edition William A. Glaeser, 2012-11-16 This classic text discusses the use of advanced surface science characterization techniques in friction, adhesive and abrasive wear, boundary lubrication, contact fatigue, and other important failure processes. Surface characterization of bearings, gears, seals, and other manufactured rolling and sliding surfaces are increasingly routine in advanced quality control of processes and in the manufacture of precision components. This book is an indispensable asset to scientists and engineers using tribological characterization techniques. New content in this edition include: • four new figures to illustrate real surface contact added to Chapter 1. • coverage of the use of the Environmental SEM (ESEM) in examining wear of fiber glass filled PTFE added to chapter 4. • new information on the wear of ceramics added to Chapter 5. • updates for new analytical systems added to Chapter 6. • coverage of Atomic Force Microscope (ATM) and its usefulness in the field of nano-tribology, providing not only full microtopography of surface roughness but also measurement of nano-friction and nanohardness of surface films, added in a new Chapter 9. • the 17 Appendices have been completely revamped with essential information organized into convenient tables. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Strained Ge and GeSn Band Engineering for Si Photonic Integrated Circuits Yijie Huo, 2010 The on-chip interconnect bandwidth limitation is becoming an increasingly critical challenge for integrated circuits (ICs) as device scaling continues to push the speed and density of ICs. Silicon photonics has the ability to solve this emerging problem due to its high speed, high bandwidth, low power consumption, and ability to be monolithically integrated on silicon. Most of the key devices for Si photonic ICs have already been demonstrated. However, a practical CMOS compatible coherent light source is still a major challenge. Germanium (Ge) has already been demonstrated to be a promising material for optoelectronic devices, such as photo-detectors and modulators. However, Ge is an indirect band gap semiconductor, which makes Ge-based light sources very inefficient and limits their practical use. Fortunately, the direct [uppercase Gamma] valley of the Ge conduction band is only 0.14 eV higher than the indirect L valley, suggesting that with band-structure engineering, Ge has the potential to become a direct band gap material and an efficient light emitter. In this dissertation, we first discuss our work on highly biaxial tensile strained Ge grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Relaxed step-graded InGaAs buffer layers, which are prepared with low temperature growth and high temperature annealing, are used to provide a larger lattice constant substrate to produce tensile strain in Ge epitaxial layers. Up to 2.3% in-plane biaxial tensile strained thin Ge epitaxial layers were achieved with smooth surfaces and low threading dislocation density. A strong increase of photoluminescence with highly tensile strained Ge layers at low temperature suggests that a direct band gap semiconductor has been achieved. This dissertation also presents our work on more than 9% Sn incorporation in epitaxial GeSn alloys using a low temperature MBE growth method. This amount of Sn is 10 times greater than the solid-solubility of Sn in crystalline Ge. Material characterization shows good crystalline quality without Sn precipitation or phase segregation. With increasing Sn percentage, direct band gap narrowing is observed by optical transmission measurements. The studies described in this dissertation will help enable efficient germanium based CMOS compatible coherent light sources. Other possible applications of this work are also discussed in the concluding chapter. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Handbook of Silicon Semiconductor Metrology Alain C. Diebold, 2001-06-29 Containing more than 300 equations and nearly 500 drawings, photographs, and micrographs, this reference surveys key areas such as optical measurements and in-line calibration methods. It describes cleanroom-based measurement technology used during the manufacture of silicon integrated circuits and covers model-based, critical dimension, overlay |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Advanced Electronic Packaging Richard K. Ulrich, William D. Brown, 2006-02-24 As in the First Edition, each chapter in this new Second Edition is authored by one or more acknowledged experts and then carefully edited to ensure a consistent level of quality and approach throughout. There are new chapters on passive devices, RF and microwave packaging, electronic package assembly, and cost evaluation and assembly, while organic and ceramic substrates are now covered in separate chapters. All the hallmarks of the First Edition, which became an industry standard and a popular graduate-level textbook, have been retained. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available upon request from the Wiley Makerting Department. |
| encyclopedia of materials characterization surfaces interfaces thin films: Bioinspired Nanoarchitecture Sonny S. Mark, 2006 |
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