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| enforcing normalcy: Enforcing Normalcy Lennard J. Davis, 1995-12-17 This book proposes that instead of seeing disabilities as impairments, we consider the ways that criticism can change and expand when we allow for included disabled critical moments. |
| enforcing normalcy: Enforcing Normalcy Lennard J. Davis, 2014-08-19 In this highly original study of the cultural assumptions governing our conception of people with disabilities, Lennard J. Davis argues forcefully against ableist discourse and for a complete recasting of the category of disability itself. Enforcing Normalcy surveys the emergence of a cluster of concepts around the term normal as these matured in western Europe and the United States over the past 250 years. Linking such notions to the concurrent emergence of discourses about the nation, Davis shows how the modern nation-state constructed its identity on the backs not only of colonized subjects, but of its physically disabled minority. In a fascinating chapter on contemporary cultural theory, Davis explores the pitfalls of privileging the figure of sight in conceptualizing the nature of textuality. And in a treatment of nudes and fragmented bodies in Western art, he shows how the ideal of physical wholeness is both demanded and denied in the classical aesthetics of representation. Enforcing Normalcy redraws the boundaries of political and cultural discourse. By insisting that disability be added to the familiar triad of race, class and gender, the book challenges progressives to expand the limits of their thinking about human oppression. |
| enforcing normalcy: The End of Normal Lennard Davis, 2014-01-03 In an era when human lives are increasingly measured and weighed in relation to the medical and scientific, notions of what is “normal” have changed drastically. While it is no longer useful to think of a person’s particular race, gender, sexual orientation, or choice as “normal,” the concept continues to haunt us in other ways. In The End of Normal, Lennard J. Davis explores changing perceptions of body and mind in social, cultural, and political life as the twenty-first century unfolds. The book’s provocative essays mine the worlds of advertising, film, literature, and the visual arts as they consider issues of disability, depression, physician-assisted suicide, medical diagnosis, transgender, and other identities. Using contemporary discussions of biopower and biopolitics, Davis focuses on social and cultural production—particularly on issues around the different body and mind. The End of Normal seeks an analysis that works comfortably in the intersection between science, medicine, technology, and culture, and will appeal to those interested in cultural studies, bodily practices, disability, science and medical studies, feminist materialism, psychiatry, and psychology. |
| enforcing normalcy: Bending Over Backwards Lennard J. Davis, 2002-09 This text re-examines issues concerning the relationship between disability and normality in the light of postmodern theory and political activism. It argues that disability can become the new prism through which postmodernity examines and defines itself. |
| enforcing normalcy: A Transformatory Ethic of Inclusion Jayne Clapton, 2009-01-01 Inclusion, is a topical notion which underpins contemporary human service practices and policies within Western Judeo-Christian societies. Inclusion is most often considered within socio-historical and socio-political contexts, whereby technical and legislative responses are sought. However, this book explores the question, How ethically defensible is the notion of inclusion in relation to people with intellectual disability? The book contends that inclusion is a multifaceted, complex concept in a dualistic and dichotomous relationship with exclusion. It is argued that historical and contemporary conceptualisations of exclusion for people with intellectual disability have been constructed from various philosophical and theological matrices imbued with particular values about personhood. Furthermore, it is proposed that the ethical significance of inclusion and exclusion in the context of intellectual disability is defined and perpetuated by expressions of a particular socio-symbolic order underpinned by patriarchy and kyriarchy, and subjected to two controlling ethics - an Ethic of Normalcy and an Ethic of Anomaly. Inclusion and exclusion are conceived as phenomena relating to how membership is defined, legitimated, or repelled by concealed, occluding boundaries acting within a patriarchal socio-ethical fabric. The book argues that Ethical Inclusion is only possible through the rupture of these boundaries by a conceptual tool, 'A Transformatory Ethic of Inclusion'. This conceptual instrument of rupture embraces the scholarship of feminist ethics and feminist theology. Such a rupture requires examining the ways traditional ethical frameworks themselves have conceptually diminished and devalued the authenticity of people with intellectual disability. A concept of integrality becomes imaginable. Conceptual analysis is framed using a crafting metaphor of a patchwork quilt which is infused with narrative; and by which, such an ethical exploration is undertaken, and impaired, traditional ethical theorising is confronted and transformed. |
| enforcing normalcy: Theorising Normalcy and the Mundane Rebecca Mallett, Cassandra A. Ogden, Jenny Slater, 2016-07-22 Emerging from the internationally recognised Theorising Normalcy and the Mundane conference series, the chapters in this book offer wide-ranging critiques of that most pervasive of ideas, 'normal'. In particular, they explore the precarious positions we are presented with and, more often than not, forced into by 'normal', and its operating system, 'normalcy' (Davis, 2010). They are written by activists, students, practitioners and academics and offer related but diverse approaches. Importantly, however, the chapters also ask, what if increasingly precarious encounters with, and positions of, marginality and non-normativity offers us a chance (perhaps the chance) to critically explore the possibilities of 'imagining otherwise'? The book questions the privileged position of 'non-normativity'; in youth and unpacks the expectation of the 'normal' student in both higher and primary education. It uses the position of transable people to push the boundaries of 'disability', interrogates the psycho-emotional disablism of box-ticking bureaucracy and spotlights the 'urge to know' impairment. It draws on cross-movement and cross-disciplinary work around disability to explore topics as diverse as drug use, The Bible and relational autonomy. Finally, and perhaps most controversially, it explores the benefits of (re)instating 'normal'. By paying attention to the opportunities presented amongst the fissures of critique and defiance, this book offers new applications and perspectives for thinking through the most ordinary of ideas, 'normal'. |
| enforcing normalcy: Normality Peter Cryle, Elizabeth Stephens, 2017-12-01 The concept of normal is so familiar that it can be hard to imagine contemporary life without it. Yet the term entered everyday speech only in the mid-twentieth century. Before that, it was solely a scientific term used primarily in medicine to refer to a general state of health and the orderly function of organs. But beginning in the middle of the twentieth century, normal broke out of scientific usage, becoming less precise and coming to mean a balanced condition to be maintained and an ideal to be achieved. In Normality, Peter Cryle and Elizabeth Stephens offer an intellectual and cultural history of what it means to be normal. They explore the history of how communities settle on any one definition of the norm, along the way analyzing a fascinating series of case studies in fields as remote as anatomy, statistics, criminal anthropology, sociology, and eugenics. Cryle and Stephens argue that since the idea of normality is so central to contemporary disability, gender, race, and sexuality studies, scholars in these fields must first have a better understanding of the context for normality. This pioneering book moves beyond binaries to explore for the first time what it does—and doesn’t—mean to be normal. |
| enforcing normalcy: The Happiness Problem Wren-Lewis, Sam, 2019-11-28 We appear to have more control over our lives than ever before. If we could get things right – the perfect job, relationship, family, body and mind – then we’d be happy. With enough economic growth and technological innovation, we could cure all societal ills. The Happiness Problem shows that this way of thinking is too simplistic and can even be harmful: no matter how much progress we make, we will still be vulnerable to disappointment, loss and suffering. The things we do to make ourselves happy are merely the tip of the iceberg. Sam Wren-Lewis offers an alternative process that acknowledges insecurity and embraces uncertainty. Drawing on our psychological capacities for curiosity and compassion, he proposes that we can connect with, and gain a deeper understanding of, the personal and social challenges that define our time |
| enforcing normalcy: Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition Bruce Burgett, Glenn Hendler, 2014-12-19 The latest vocabulary of key terms in American Studies Since its initial publication, scholars and students alike have turned to Keywords for American Cultural Studies as an invaluable resource for understanding key terms and debates in the fields of American studies and cultural studies. As scholarship has continued to evolve, this revised and expanded second edition offers indispensable meditations on new and developing concepts used in American studies, cultural studies, and beyond. It is equally useful for college students who are trying to understand what their teachers are talking about, for general readers who want to know what’s new in scholarly research, and for professors who just want to keep up. Designed as a print-digital hybrid publication, Keywords collects more than 90 essays30 of which are new to this edition—from interdisciplinary scholars, each on a single term such as “America,” “culture,” “law,” and “religion.” Alongside “community,” “prison,” queer, “region,” and many others, these words are the nodal points in many of today’s most dynamic and vexed discussions of political and social life, both inside and outside of the academy. The Keywords website, which features 33 essays, provides pedagogical tools that engage the entirety of the book, both in print and online. The publication brings together essays by scholars working in literary studies and political economy, cultural anthropology and ethnic studies, African American history and performance studies, gender studies and political theory. Some entries are explicitly argumentative; others are more descriptive. All are clear, challenging, and critically engaged. As a whole, Keywords for American Cultural Studies provides an accessible A-to-Z survey of prevailing academic buzzwords and a flexible tool for carving out new areas of inquiry. |
| enforcing normalcy: The Intersectionality of Critical Animal, Disability, and Environmental Studies Anthony J. Nocella II, Amber E. George, J. L. Schatz, 2017-05-02 The Intersectionality of Critical Animal, Disability, and Environmental Studies:Toward Eco-ability, Justice, and Liberation is an interdisciplinary collection of theoretical writings on the intersectional liberation of nonhuman animals, the environment, and those with disabilities. As animal consumption raises health concerns and global warming causes massive environmental destruction, this book interweaves these issues and more. This important cutting-edge book lends to the rapidly growing movement of eco-ability, a scholarly field and activist movement influenced by environmental studies, disability studies, and critical animal studies, similar to other intersectional fields and movements such as eco-feminism, environmental justice, food justice, and decolonization. Contributors to this book are in the fields of education, philosophy, sociology, criminology, rhetoric, theology, anthropology, and English. If you are interested in social justice, inclusion, environmental protection, disability rights, and animal advocacy this is a must read book. |
| enforcing normalcy: PathoGraphics Susan Merrill Squier, Irmela Marei Krüger-Fürhoff, 2020-05-07 Culturally powerful ideas of normalcy and deviation, individual responsibility, and what is medically feasible shape the ways in which we live with illness and disability. The essays in this volume show how illness narratives expressed in a variety of forms—biographical essays, fictional texts, cartoons, graphic novels, and comics—reflect on and grapple with the fact that these human experiences are socially embedded and culturally shaped. Works of fiction addressing the impact of an illness or disability; autobiographies and memoirs exploring an experience of medical treatment; and comics that portray illness or disability from the perspective of patient, family member, or caregiver: all of these narratives forge a specific aesthetic in order to communicate their understanding of the human condition. This collection demonstrates what can emerge when scholars and artists interested in fiction, life-writing, and comics collaborate to explore how various media portray illness, medical treatment, and disability. Rather than stopping at the limits of genre or medium, the essays talk across fields, exploring together how works in these different forms craft narratives and aesthetics to negotiate contention and build community around those experiences and to discover how the knowledge and experiences of illness and disability circulate within the realms of medicine, art, the personal, and the cultural. Ultimately, they demonstrate a common purpose: to examine the ways comics and literary texts build an audience and galvanize not just empathy but also action. In addition to the editors, the contributors to this volume include Einat Avrahami, Maureen Burdock, Elizabeth J. Donaldson, Ariela Freedman, Rieke Jordan, stef lenk, Leah Misemer, Tahneer Oksman, Nina Schmidt, and Helen Spandler. Chapter 7, “Crafting Psychiatric Contention Through Single-Panel Cartoons,” by Helen Spandler, is available as Open Access courtesy of a grant from the Wellcome Trust. A link to the OA version of this chapter is forthcoming. |
| enforcing normalcy: Social Histories of Disability and Deformity David M. Turner, Kevin Stagg, 2006-09-27 Collecting together essays written by an international set of contributors, this book provides an important contribution to the emerging field of disability history. It explores changes in understandings of deformity and disability between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, and reveal the ways in which different societies have conceptualised the normal and the pathological. Through a variety of case studies including: early modern birth defects, homosexuality, smallpox scarring, vaccination, orthopaedics, deaf education, eugenics, mental deficiency, and the experiences of psychologically scarred military veterans, this book provides new perspectives on the history of physical, sensory and intellectual anomaly. Examining changes over five centuries, it charts how disability was delineated from other forms of deformity and disfigurement by a clearer medical perspective. Essays shed light on the experiences of oppressed minorities often hidden from mainstream history, but also demonstrate the importance of discourses of disability and deformity as key cultural signifiers which disclose broader systems of power and authority, citizenship and exclusion. The diverse nature of the material in this book will make it relevant to scholars interested in cultural, literary, social and political, as well as medical, history. |
| enforcing normalcy: Family Trouble Ara Francis, 2015-09-18 Our children mean the world to us. They are so central to our hopes and dreams that we will do almost anything to keep them healthy, happy, and safe. What happens, then, when a child has serious problems? In Family Trouble, a compelling portrait of upheaval in family life, sociologist Ara Francis tells the stories of middle-class men and women whose children face significant medical, psychological, and social challenges. Francis interviewed the mothers and fathers of children with such problems as depression, bi-polar disorder, autism, learning disabilities, drug addiction, alcoholism, fetal alcohol syndrome, and cerebral palsy. Children’s problems, she finds, profoundly upset the foundations of parents’ everyday lives, overturning taken-for-granted expectations, daily routines, and personal relationships. Indeed, these problems initiated a chain of disruption that moved through parents’ lives in domino-like fashion, culminating in a crisis characterized by uncertainty, loneliness, guilt, grief, and anxiety. Francis looks at how mothers and fathers often differ in their interpretation of a child’s condition, discusses the gendered nature of child rearing, and describes how parents struggle to find effective treatments and to successfully navigate medical and educational bureaucracies. But above all, Family Trouble examines how children’s problems disrupt middle-class dreams of the “normal” family. It captures how children’s problems “radiate” and spill over into other areas of parents’ lives, wreaking havoc even on their identities, leading them to reevaluate deeply held assumptions about their own sense of self and what it means to achieve the good life. Engagingly written, Family Trouble offers insight to professionals and solace to parents. The book offers a clear message to anyone in the throes of family trouble: you are in good company, and you are not as different as you might feel... |
| enforcing normalcy: Literature and Disability Alice Hall, 2015-08-11 Literature and Disability introduces readers to the field of disability studies and the ways in which a focus on issues of impairment and the representation of disability can provide new approaches to reading and writing about literary texts. Disability plays a central role in much of the most celebrated literature, yet it is only in recent years that literary criticism has begun to consider the aesthetic, ethical and literary challenges that this poses. The author explores: key debates and issues in disability studies today different forms of impairment, with the aim of showing the diversity and ambiguity of the term disability the intersection between literary critical approaches to disability and feminist, post-colonial, and autobiographical writing genre and representations of disability in relation to literary forms including novels, short stories, poems, plays and life writing This volume provides students and academics with an accessible overview of literary critical approaches to disability representation. |
| enforcing normalcy: Excrement in the Late Middle Ages S. Morrison, 2008-09-15 This interdisciplinary book intergrates the historical practices regarding material excrement and its symbolic representation, concluding that excrement is a moral and ethical category deserving scrutiny. |
| enforcing normalcy: Disability in German Literature, Film, and Theater Eleoma Joshua, Michael W. J. Schillmeier, 2010 Established, commissioned, and edited by the Department of German at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh German Yearbook encourages and disseminates lively and open discussion of themes pertinent to German Studies. No other yearbook covers the entire field while addressing a focused theme in each issue. Volume 4 focuses on disability in German literature, film, and theater. Disability Studies is part of the broader discussion of difference and otherness, of the politics of identity, human rights, ethics, and discrimination. It retrieves disabled figures from literature, film, and theater and discusses them vis- -vis normalcy. Recently, Disability Studies has explored the binary of able and disabled, strategies of exclusion, and the marginalization and suffering of the disabled body under social and medical structures of control. It is now entering a phase of positive reflection addressing the ontological politics of disability. Accordingly, this volume examines cultural representations of disability that raise questions about the humane gaze and posits disability as historically central to discussions of humanity, modernity, and social and moral behavior in German-language literature, film, and theater. Points of focus include blindness, physical deformity, injury, illness, and euthanasia. Contributors: Martin Brady, Pauline Eyre, Corinna H ger, Karin Harrasser, Urte Helduser, Eleoma Joshua, Susanne C. Knittel, Anna Kornbrodt, Siegfried Saerberg, Rosa Schneider. Eleoma Joshua is Lecturer in German Studies at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Michael Schillmeier lectures in the Department of Sociology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich. |
| enforcing normalcy: The Oxford Handbook of Disability History Michael Rembis, Catherine J. Kudlick, Kim Nielsen, 2018-06-19 Disability history exists outside of the institutions, healers, and treatments it often brings to mind. It is a history where disabled people live not just as patients or cure-seekers, but rather as people living differently in the world--and it is also a history that helps define the fundamental concepts of identity, community, citizenship, and normality. The Oxford Handbook of Disability History is the first volume of its kind to represent this history and its global scale, from ancient Greece to British West Africa. The twenty-seven articles, written by thirty experts from across the field, capture the diversity and liveliness of this emerging scholarship. Whether discussing disability in modern Chinese cinema or on the American antebellum stage, this collection provides new and valuable insights into the rich and varied lives of disabled people across time and place. |
| enforcing normalcy: Theology and Human Flourishing Mike Higton, Christopher Rowland, Jeremy Law, 2011-11-04 This collection of essays is a celebration of the work of Timothy Gorringe. Like his theology, it is animated by a delighted and critical engagement with the diverse facets of human social life, and by a passionate concern to wrestle with the Bible and the Christian tradition in pursuit of human flourishing. The built environment, politics, education, art: these essays by leading Christian theologians ask what it means for Christian theology to concern itself with, to immerse itself in, and to risk critical commentary on, each of these and more. The collection follows the same rhythm that animates Gorringe's work: insistent attention to the Christian tradition in the light of the particular contexts where human flourishing is imagined, fought for, embodied and betrayed; and a critical, constructive and celebratory examination of those contexts in the light of the Christian tradition. The contributions are very diverse, touching on everything from city life to human curiosity, poverty to genocide--but they are united by a passion to make theological sense of human flourishing. |
| enforcing normalcy: Reading Victorian Deafness Jennifer Esmail, 2013-04-15 Reading Victorian Deafness is the first book to address the crucial role that deaf people, and their unique language of signs, played in Victorian culture. Drawing on a range of works, from fiction by Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins, to poetry by deaf poets and life writing by deaf memoirists Harriet Martineau and John Kitto, to scientific treatises by Alexander Graham Bell and Francis Galton, Reading Victorian Deafness argues that deaf people’s language use was a public, influential, and contentious issue in Victorian Britain. The Victorians understood signed languages in multiple, and often contradictory, ways: they were objects of fascination and revulsion, were of scientific import and literary interest, and were considered both a unique mode of human communication and a vestige of a bestial heritage. Over the course of the nineteenth century, deaf people were increasingly stripped of their linguistic and cultural rights by a widespread pedagogical and cultural movement known as “oralism,” comprising mainly hearing educators, physicians, and parents. Engaging with a group of human beings who used signs instead of speech challenged the Victorian understanding of humans as “the speaking animal” and the widespread understanding of “language” as a product of the voice. It is here that Reading Victorian Deafness offers substantial contributions to the fields of Victorian studies and disability studies. This book expands current scholarly conversations around orality, textuality, and sound while demonstrating how understandings of disability contributed to Victorian constructions of normalcy. Reading Victorian Deafness argues that deaf people were used as material test subjects for the Victorian process of understanding human language and, by extension, the definition of the human. |
| enforcing normalcy: Shameful Bodies Michelle Mary Lelwica, 2017-01-12 What happens when your body doesn't look how it's supposed to look, or feel how it's supposed to feel, or do what it's supposed to do? Who or what defines the ideals behind these expectations? How can we challenge them and live more peacefully in our bodies? Shameful Bodies: Religion and the Culture of Physical Improvement explores these questions by examining how traditional religious narratives and modern philosophical assumptions come together in the construction and pursuit of a better body in contemporary western societies. Drawing on examples from popular culture such as self-help books, magazines, and advertisements, Michelle Mary Lelwica shows how these narratives and assumptions encourage us to go to war against our bodies-to fight fat, triumph over disability, conquer chronic pain and illness, and defy aging. Through an ethic of conquest and conformity, the culture of physical improvement trains us not only to believe that all bodily processes are under our control, but to feel ashamed about those parts of our flesh that refuse to comply with the cultural ideal. Lelwica argues that such shame is not a natural response to being fat, physically impaired, chronically sick, or old. Rather, body shame is a religiously and culturally conditioned reaction to a commercially-fabricated fantasy of physical perfection. While Shameful Bodies critiques the religious and cultural norms and narratives that perpetuate external and internalized judgment and aggression toward “shameful” bodies, it also engages the resources of religions, especially feminist theologies and Buddhist thought/practice, to construct a more affirming approach to health and healing-an approach that affirms the diversity, fragility, interdependence, and impermanence of embodied life. |
| enforcing normalcy: Disability Studies and Spanish Culture Benjamin Fraser, 2013 Disability Studies and Spanish Culture is the first book to explore representations of intellectual disabilities (Down syndrome, autism, alexia/agnosia) in contemporary Spanish films, novels, a graphic novel/comic and public expositions by disabled artists. |
| enforcing normalcy: Picturing the Lame in Italian Art from Antiquity to the Modern Era Livio Pestilli, 2017-07-05 The presence of the orthopedically impaired body in art is so pervasive that, paradoxically, it has failed to attract the attention of most art historians. In Picturing the Lame in Italian Art from Antiquity to the Modern Era, Livio Pestilli investigates the changing meaning that images of individuals with limited mobility acquired through the centuries. This study evinces that in distinct opposition to the practice of classical artists, who manifested a lack of interest in the subject of lameness since it was considered 'a defect or a deformity' and deformity a 'want of measure, which is always unsightly,' their Early Christian counterparts depicted them profusely, because images of the miraculous healing of the lame became the reassuring sign of universal acceptance and the promise of a more equitable existence in this life or the next. In the Middle Ages, instead, when voluntary poverty came to be associated with the necessary condition of faithfulness to Christ, the indigent lame, along with others who were forced to beg for a living, became the image of the alter Christus. This view was to change in the Renaissance and Baroque periods, when, with the resurgence of classical and Pauline ideals that condemned the idle, representations of the orthopedically impaired became associated with swindlers, freeloaders and parasites. This fascinating story came basically to an end in the Eighteenth century when, with the revival of the Greek ideal of the Beautiful, the lame gradually left center stage to be relegated again to the margins of the visual arts. |
| enforcing normalcy: Naming Adult Autism Dr. James McGrath, 2017-08-15 Explores representations of ‘high-functioning’ adult autism in autobiographical, scientific and fictional texts to demonstrate the value of Cultural Studies towards understanding autism as a subjective condition and social category. |
| enforcing normalcy: Civil Disabilities Nancy J. Hirschmann, Beth Linker, 2014-12-24 An estimated one billion people around the globe live with a disability; this number grows exponentially when family members, friends, and care providers are included. Various countries and international organizations have attempted to guard against discrimination and secure basic human rights for those whose lives are affected by disability. Yet despite such attempts many disabled persons in the United States and throughout the world still face exclusion from full citizenship and membership in their respective societies. They are regularly denied employment, housing, health care, access to buildings, and the right to move freely in public spaces. At base, such discrimination reflects a tacit yet pervasive assumption that disabled persons do not belong in society. Civil Disabilities challenges such norms and practices, urging a reconceptualization of disability and citizenship to secure a rightful place for disabled persons in society. Essays from leading scholars in a diversity of fields offer critical perspectives on current citizenship studies, which still largely assume an ableist world. Placing historians in conversation with anthropologists, sociologists with literary critics, and musicologists with political scientists, this interdisciplinary volume presents a compelling case for reimagining citizenship that is more consistent, inclusive, and just, in both theory and practice. By placing disability front and center in academic and civic discourse, Civil Disabilities tests the very notion of citizenship and transforms our understanding of disability and belonging. Contributors: Emily Abel, Douglas C. Baynton, Susan Burch, Allison C. Carey, Faye Ginsburg, Nancy J. Hirschmann, Hannah Joyner, Catherine Kudlick, Beth Linker, Alex Lubet, Rayna Rapp, Susan Schweik, Tobin Siebers, Lorella Terzi. |
| enforcing normalcy: Disability, Deformity, and Disease in the Grimms' Fairy Tales Ann Schmiesing, 2014-11-03 Readers interested in fairy-tales studies and disability studies will appreciate this careful reading of the Grimms' tales. |
| enforcing normalcy: The Disability Studies Reader Lennard J. Davis, 2006 The second edition of The Disability Studies Reader builds and improves upon the classic first edition, which has sold well over 6000 copies since 1999. As a field, disability studies burst onto the scene across the social sciences and humanities in the 1990s, and the first edition of the reader gathered the best work that had been written on the subject, including essays by famous authors such as Susan Sontag and Erving Goffman. The new edition is more global in its coverage and adds material on genetic testing, the human genome, queer studies, and issues in developing countries. The size of the audience has grown since the first edition's publication, and the second edition's new material will make it even more useful for courses on the subject. Courses on the subject have mushroomed in the past ten years, and can now be found across the social sciences, humanities, and behavioral sciences. |
| enforcing normalcy: Disability Studies Sharon L. Snyder, Brenda Jo Brueggemann, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, 2022-11-01 Images of disability pervade language and literature, yet disability is, as the volume's introduction notes, the ubiquitous unspoken topic in contemporary culture. The twenty-five essays in Disability Studies provide perspectives on disabled people and on disability in the humanities, art, the media, medicine, psychology, the academy, and society. Edited and introduced by Sharon L. Snyder, Brenda Jo Brueggemann, and Rosemarie Garland-Thomson and containing an afterword by Michael Bérubé (author of Life As We Know It), the volume is rich in its cast of characters (including John Bulwer, Teresa de Cartagena, Audre Lorde, Oliver Sacks, Samuel Johnson, Mark Twain, Walt Whitman); in its powerful, authentic accounts of disabled conditions (deafness, blindness, MS, cancer, the absence of limbs); in its different settings (ancient Greece, medieval Spain, Nazi Germany, the modern United States); and in its mix of the intellectual and the emotional, of subtle theory and plainspoken autobiography. |
| enforcing normalcy: Normal Sucks Jonathan Mooney, 2019-08-13 Confessional and often hilarious, in Normal Sucks a neuro-diverse writer, advocate, and father meditates on his life, offering the radical message that we should stop trying to fix people and start empowering them to succeed Jonathan Mooney blends anecdote, expertise, and memoir to present a new mode of thinking about how we live and learn—individually, uniquely, and with advantages and upshots to every type of brain and body. As a neuro-diverse kid diagnosed with dyslexia and ADHD who didn't learn to read until he was twelve, the realization that that he wasn’t the problem—the system and the concept of normal were—saved Mooney’s life and fundamentally changed his outlook. Here he explores the toll that being not normal takes on kids and adults when they’re trapped in environments that label them, shame them, and tell them, even in subtle ways, that they are the problem. But, he argues, if we can reorient the ways in which we think about diversity, abilities, and disabilities, we can start a revolution. A highly sought after public speaker, Mooney has been inspiring audiences with his story and his message for nearly two decades. Now he’s ready to share what he’s learned from parents, educators, researchers, and kids in a book that is as much a survival guide as it is a call to action. Whip-smart, insightful, and utterly inspiring—and movingly framed as a letter to his own young sons, as they work to find their ways in the world—this book will upend what we call normal and empower us all. |
| enforcing normalcy: Disability, Divers-ability and Legal Change Lee Ann Basser Marks, Melinda Jones, 2021-09-27 This text ventures into the area where law and disability intersect. Drawing on developments in the emerging field of disability studies and on a new-found human rights perspective on disability, the contributions traverse topics as wide-ranging as citizenship, feminism, eugenics, euthanasia, and sexual abuse of people with disabilities, and analyze disability law at both a domestic and international level. Informed by the social model of disability, this work brings together academics and disability activists from Australia, Europe and North America. The book is interdisciplinary in nature, with contributors coming from sociology, education, law, geography, philosophy, and cultural studies. |
| enforcing normalcy: Phallacies Kathleen M. Brian, James W. Trent, Jr., 2017-09-01 Phallacies: Historical Intersections of Disability and Masculinity is a collection of essays that focuses on disabled men who negotiate their masculinity as well as their disability. The chapters cover a broad range of topics: institutional structures that define what it means to be a man with a disability; the place of women in situations where masculinity and disability are constructed; men with physical and war-related disabilities; male hysteria, suicide clubs, and mercy killing; male disability in literature and popular culture; and more. All the authors regard masculinity and disability in the historical contexts of the Americas and Western Europe, with particular attention to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Taken together, the essays in this volume offer a nuanced portrait of the complex, and at times competing, interactions between masculinity and disability. |
| enforcing normalcy: Reading Embodied Citizenship Emily Russell, 2011-02-25 Liberal individualism, a foundational concept of American politics, assumes an essentially homogeneous population of independent citizens. When confronted with physical disability and the contradiction of seemingly unruly bodies, however, the public searches for a story that can make sense of the difference. The narrative that ensues makes abnormality an important part of the dialogue about what a genuine citizen is, though its role is concealed as an exception to the rule of individuality rather than a defining difference. Reading Embodied Citizenship brings disability to the forefront, illuminating its role in constituting what counts as U.S. citizenship. Drawing from major figures in American literature, including Mark Twain, Flannery O'Connor, Carson McCullers, and David Foster Wallace, as well as introducing texts from the emerging canon of disability studies, Emily Russell demonstrates the place of disability at the core of American ideals. The narratives prompted by the encounter between physical difference and the body politic require a new understanding of embodiment as a necessary conjunction of physical, textual, and social bodies. Russell examines literature to explore and unsettle long-held assumptions about American citizenship. |
| enforcing normalcy: The Making of High-performance Athletes Debra A. Shogan, 1999-01-01 A study of the ethical dilemnas of producing high performance athletes through use of technology, using Founcault's work on disciplinary power as a theoretical framework. |
| enforcing normalcy: Disability in Translation Someshwar Sati, G.J.V. Prasad, 2019-07-08 This volume explores how disability is seen, written about, read and understood through literature and translation. Foregrounding the asymmetrical world of power relations, it delves into the act of translation to exhibit how disability is constructed and deployed in language and culture. The essays in the volume reflect and theorise on experiences of translating various Indian-language stories (into English) which have disability as their subject. They focus on recovering and empowering marginal voices, as well as on the mechanics of translating idioms of disability. Furthermore, the book goes on to engage the reader to demonstrate how disability, and the space it occupies in our lives, can be reinforced or deconstructed in translation. A major intervention in translation and disability studies, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of literature, culture, and sociology. |
| enforcing normalcy: Vulnerable Communion Thomas E. Reynolds, 2008-04 A theologian and father of a child with disabilities reveals how disability highlights our common brokenness and need for grace. |
| enforcing normalcy: Journal of Moral Theology, Volume 6, Special Issue 2 Miguel J. Romero, Mary Jo Iozzio, 2017-09-22 Engaging Disability Edited by Miguel J. Romero and Mary Jo Iozzio Preface: Engaging Disability Mary Jo Iozzio and Miguel J. Romero God Bends Over Backwards to Accommodate Humankind …While the Civil Rights Acts and the Americans with Disabilities Act Require [Only] the Minimum Mary Jo Iozzio On “And Vulnerable”: Catholic Social Thought and the Social Challenges of Cognitive Disability Matthew Gaudet From Universal Precautions to Universal Design: Disclosure of Concealable Disability in the Case of HIV Mary M. Doyle Roche Disability, the Healing of Infirmity, and the Theological Virtue of Hope: A Thomistic Approach Paul Gondreau Seventeenth-Century Casuistry Regarding Persons with Disabilities: Antonino Diana’s Tract “On the Mute, Deaf, and Blind” Julia A. Fleming Blessed Silence: Explorations in Christian Contemplation and Hearing Loss Jana Bennett Becoming Friends: Ethics in Friendship and in Doing Theology Lorraine Cuddeback The Slow Journey Towards Beatitude: Disability in L’Arche, and Staying Human in High-Speed Society Jason Reimer Greig The Goodness and Beauty of Our Fragile Flesh: Moral Theologians and Our Engagement With ‘Disability’ Miguel J. Romero |
| enforcing normalcy: Meaning in Our Bodies Heike Peckruhn, 2017-05-01 Movement, smell, vision, and other perceptual experiences are ways of thinking and orienting ourselves in the world and are increasingly recognized as important resources for theology. In Meaning in Our Bodies, Heike Peckruhn seeks to discover how embodied differences like gender, race, disability, and sexuality connect to perceptual experience and theological imagination. Peckruhn offers historical and cultural comparisons, showing how sensory experience can order normalcy, social status, and communal belonging. She argues that scholars who appeal to the importance of bodily experiences need to acquire a robust and nuanced understanding of how sensory perceptions and interactions are cultural and theological acts of making meaning. This is a critical volume for feminist theorists and theologians, critical race theorists, scholars of disability and embodiment, and liberation thinkers who take experiences seriously as sources for theologizing and religious analysis. |
| enforcing normalcy: A Disabled Apostle Isaac T. Soon, 2023-09-01 Speculation around the health of Paul the Apostle has been present since soon after his death. Recently scholars have understood Paul to be disabled but have been wary of isolating precisely what his disabilities may have been or whether they are important for understanding his writings. This book is the first full-length study of Paul the Apostle and disability. Using insights from contemporary disability studies, Isaac Soon analyses features of Paul's body in his ancient Mediterranean context to understand the ways in which his body was disabled. Focusing on three such ancient disabilities--demonization, circumcision, and short stature--this book draws on a rich variety of ancient evidence, from textual sources and epigraphy, to ancient visual culture, to analyze ancient bodily ideals and the negative cultural effects such 'deviant' persons generated. The book also examines Paul's use of his own disabilities in his letters and shows how disability is not subsidiary to his thought but a central aspect of it. This book also provides scholars with a new method for uncovering previously unrecognized disabilities in the ancient world. Last of all, it critiques the latent ableism in much New Testament scholarship, which assumes that the figures of the early Jesus movement were able-bodied. |
| enforcing normalcy: Animals in Narrative Film and Television Karin Beeler, Stan Beeler, 2022-09-14 This book explores fictional representations of animals in animated and live-action film and television and examines the way these representations intersect with culture, race, gender, class, disability, and health issues. Contributors analyze the narrative functions of familiar animals as well as fantastic and hybrid creatures. |
| enforcing normalcy: Handbook of Disability Studies Gary L. Albrecht, Katherine D. Seelman, Michael Bury, 2001 This path-breaking international handbook of disability studies signals the emergence of a vital new area of scholarship, social policy and activism. Drawing on the insights of disability scholars around the world and the creative advice of an international editorial board, the book engages the reader in the critical issues and debates framing disability studies and places them in an historical and cultural context. Five years in the making, this one volume summarizes the ongoing discourse ranging across continents and traditional academic disciplines. To provide insight and perspective, the volume is divided into three sections: The shaping of disability studies as a field; experiencing disability; and, disability in context. Each section, written by world class figures, consists of original chapters designed to map the field and explore the key conceptual, theoretical, methodological, practice and policy issues that constitute the field. Each chapter provides a critical review of an area, positions and literature and an agenda for future research and practice. The handbook answers the need expressed by the disability community for a thought provoking, interdisciplinary, international examination of the vibrant field of disability studies. The book will be of interest to disabled people, scholars, policy makers and activists alike. The book aims to define the existing field, stimulate future debate, encourage respectful discourse between different interest groups and move the field a step forward. |
| enforcing normalcy: Reclaiming the Disabled Subject , 2022-04-20 Mired inside its rather archaic comprehension as a medical phenomenon, disability, for a long time now, has been ignored as a marker of identity. The world has only been busy in rectifying the absences that have, ostensibly “dis-abled”, rather than accepting such impaired existences as human beings themselves. The volume intends to reclaim the representations of disability and present narratives that do not just use the figure of the disabled as a means to an end. It includes translation of 17 disability centric short stories from multiple Indian languages into English. Further it uses these stories as illustration to test and develop new theoretical formulations concerning disability and the disabled. What grants the proposed work its uniqueness is, in other words, not only the translations of the erstwhile lost stories of disability but also the use of these stories towards the formation of theoretical paradigms to move forward the project of Disability Studies. The volume shows, interrogates and problematizes the affect that impairment and disability has on those who are “abled”. It presents how the “normal” human being approaches the disabled and interacts with them. All in all, owing to its academic engagement with disability as a phenomenon and within a narrative, this work intends to take the role of a resource book that will find ready use in the newly emergent multidisciplinary field of Disability Studies and will be of great significance to India and the world at large especially since Literature has a major role to play in this field. Not only, then, does it present different disability narratives to the world but, through their academic interrogation, also allows researchers and academics, especially in India, to form the theoretical enhancements in Disability Studies that both our country and the world desperately require. |
ENFORCE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ENFORCE is to give force to : strengthen. How to use enforce in a sentence.
ENFORCING | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENFORCING definition: 1. present participle of enforce 2. to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation…. Learn more.
32 Synonyms & Antonyms for ENFORCING - Thesaurus.com
Find 32 different ways to say ENFORCING, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
ENFORCE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Enforce definition: to put or keep in force; compel obedience to.. See examples of ENFORCE used in a sentence.
Enforcing - definition of enforcing by The Free Dictionary
To compel observance of or obedience to: enforce a law. 2. To impose (a kind of behavior, for example): enforce military discipline. 3. To give force to; reinforce: "enforces its plea with a …
Enforce - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
To enforce means to make sure the laws and rules are being followed. So those guys wearing striped outfits and whistles? They're in charge of enforcing the rules of the game.
enforce verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes ...
Definition of enforce verb in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
ENFORCE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
To enforce something means to force or cause it to be done or to happen. They struggled to limit the cost by enforcing a low-tech specification. [VERB noun] David is now living in Beirut again …
enforcing - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
to obtain (payment, obedience, etc.) by force or compulsion. to impose (a course of action) upon a person: The doctor enforced a strict dietary regimen. to support (a demand, claim, etc.) by …
ENFORCING Synonyms: 22 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for ENFORCING: implementing, applying, executing, administering, fulfilling, enacting, upholding, invoking; Antonyms of ENFORCING: ignoring, neglecting, disregarding
ENFORCE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ENFORCE is to give force to : strengthen. How to use enforce in a sentence.
ENFORCING | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENFORCING definition: 1. present participle of enforce 2. to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation…. Learn more.
32 Synonyms & Antonyms for ENFORCING - Thesaurus.com
Find 32 different ways to say ENFORCING, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
ENFORCE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Enforce definition: to put or keep in force; compel obedience to.. See examples of ENFORCE used in a sentence.
Enforcing - definition of enforcing by The Free Dictionary
To compel observance of or obedience to: enforce a law. 2. To impose (a kind of behavior, for example): enforce military discipline. 3. To give force to; reinforce: "enforces its plea with a …
Enforce - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
To enforce means to make sure the laws and rules are being followed. So those guys wearing striped outfits and whistles? They're in charge of enforcing the rules of the game.
enforce verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes ...
Definition of enforce verb in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
ENFORCE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
To enforce something means to force or cause it to be done or to happen. They struggled to limit the cost by enforcing a low-tech specification. [VERB noun] David is now living in Beirut again …
enforcing - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
to obtain (payment, obedience, etc.) by force or compulsion. to impose (a course of action) upon a person: The doctor enforced a strict dietary regimen. to support (a demand, claim, etc.) by force: …
ENFORCING Synonyms: 22 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for ENFORCING: implementing, applying, executing, administering, fulfilling, enacting, upholding, invoking; Antonyms of ENFORCING: ignoring, neglecting, disregarding
