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| enlightenment in korean: Aspiring to Enlightenment Richard D. McBride II, 2020-08-31 Centered on the practice of seeking rebirth in the Pure Land paradise Sukhāvatī, the Amitābha cult has been the dominant form of Buddhism in Korea since the middle of the Silla period (ca. 300–935). In Aspiring to Enlightenment, Richard McBride combines analyses of scriptural, exegetical, hagiographical, epigraphical, art historical, and literary materials to provide an episodic account of the cult in Silla times and its rise in an East Asian context through the mutually interconnected perspectives of doctrine and practice. McBride demonstrates that the Pure Land tradition emerging in Korea in the seventh and eighth centuries was vibrant and collaborative and that Silla monk-scholars actively participated in a shared, international Buddhist discourse. Monks such as the exegete par excellence Wŏnhyo and the Yogācāra proponent Kyŏnghŭng did not belong to a specific sect or school, but like their colleagues in China, they participated in a broadly inclusive doctrinal tradition. He examines scholarly debates surrounding the cults of Maitreya and Amitābha, the practice of buddhānusmṛti, the recollection of Amitābha, the “ten recollections” within the larger Mahāyāna context of the bodhisattva’s path of practice, the emerging Huayan intellectual tradition, and the influential interpretations of medieval Chinese Pure Land proponents Tanluan and Shandao. Finally, his work illuminates the legacy of the Silla Pure Land tradition, revealing how the writings of Silla monks continued to be of great value to Japanese monks for several centuries. With its fresh and comprehensive approach to the study of Pure Land Buddhism, Aspiring to Enlightenment is important for not only students and scholars of Korean history and religion and East Asian Buddhism, but also those interested in the complex relationship between doctrinal writings and devotional practice “on the ground.” |
| enlightenment in korean: The Sūtra of Perfect Enlightenment , 1999-01-01 A concise guide to the key practice systems of the East Asian Meditational schools Ch'an, Son, and Zen. |
| enlightenment in korean: Goryeo Dynasty Kumja Paik Kim, 2003 The Goryeo dynasty, the middle period in Korea's traditional history, emerged from the disintegration of the Unified Silla dynasty and ended with the rise of the Joseon dynasty. This era of dynamic internal refinement was also marked by a contentious relationship with the tribal peoples north of Korea. A sophisticated aristocracy standardized government operations and cultivated artistic expression during the Goryeo dynasty. This book explores the period's extraordinary production of ceramics, lacquer wares, Buddhist paintings and sculptures, illustrated manuscripts, and metal crafts in light of these themes. It serves a critical role in bringing this beautiful material to the West for the first time, and underscoring the richness and sophistication of the dynasty's artistic traditions. This exhibition shows that the cultures of East Asia had significant commonalities, and also important differences, from country to country. |
| enlightenment in korean: A Handbook of Korean Zen Practice John Jorgensen, Sosan Taesa, 2015-02-28 Sŏn (Japanese Zen) has been the dominant form of Buddhism in Korea from medieval times to the present. A Handbook of Korean Zen Practice: A Mirror on the Sŏn School of Buddhism (Sŏn'ga kwigam) was the most popular guide for Sŏn practice and life ever published in Korea and helped restore Buddhism to popularity after its lowest point in Korean history. It was compiled before 1569 by Sŏsan Hyujŏng (1520–1604), later famed as the leader of a monk army that helped defend Korea against a massive Japanese invasion in 1592. In addition to succinct quotations from sutras, the text also contained quotations from selected Chinese and Korean works together with Hyujŏng's explanations. Because of its brevity and organization, the work proved popular and was reprinted many times in Korea and Japan before 1909. A Handbook of Korean Zen Practice commences with the ineffability of the enlightened state, and after a tour through doctrine and practice it returns to its starting point. The doctrinal rationale for practice that leads to enlightenment is based on the Mahayana Awakening of Faith, but the practice Hyujŏng enjoins readers to undertake is very different: a method of meditation derived from the kongan (Japanese koan) called hwadu (Chinese huatou), or point of the story, the story being the kongan. This method was developed by Dahui Zonggao (1089–1163) and was imported into Korea by Chinul (1158–1210). The most famous hwadu is the mu (no) answer by Zhaozhou to the question, Does a dog have a buddha-nature? Hyujŏng warns of pitfalls in this practice, such as the delusion that one is already enlightened. A proper understanding of doctrine is required before practicing hwadu. Practice also requires faith and an experienced teacher. Hyujŏng outlines the specifics of practice, such as rules of conduct and chanting and mindfulness of the Buddha, and stresses the requirements for living the life of a monk. At the end of the text he returns to the hwadu, the need for a teacher, and hence the importance of lineage. He sketches out the distinctive methods of practice of the chief Sŏn (Chinese Chan) lineages. His final warning is not to be attached to the text. The version of the text translated here is the earliest and the longest extant. It was translated into Korean from Chinese by one of Hyujŏng's students to aid Korean readers. The present volume contains a brief history of hwadu practice and theory, a life of Hyujŏng, and a summary of the text, plus a detailed, annotated translation. It should be of interest to practitioners of meditation and students of East Asian Buddhism and Korean history. |
| enlightenment in korean: Cultivating Original Enlightenment W?nhyo, 2007-01-01 Wonhyo (617-686) is the dominant figure in the history of Korean Buddhism and one of the most influential thinkers in the Korean philosophical tradition. Koreans know Wonhyo in his various roles as Buddhist mystic, miracle worker, social iconoclast, religious proselytist, and cultural hero. Above all else, Wonhyo was an innovative thinker and prolific writer, whose works cover the gamut of Indian and Sinitic Buddhist materials: Some one hundred treatises and commentaries are attributed to him, twenty-three of which are extant today. Wonhyo's importance is not limited to the peninsula, however. His writings were widely read in China and Japan, and his influence on the overall development of East Asian Mah? y? na thought is significant, particularly in relation to the Huayan, Chan, and Pure Land schools. In Cultivating Original Enlightenment, the first volume in The International Association of Wonhyo Studies' Collected Works of Wonhyo series, Robert E. Buswell Jr. translates Wonhyo's longest and culminating work, the Exposition of the Vajrasam? dhi-Sutra (Kumgang Sammaegyong Non). Wonhyo here brings to bear all the tools acquired throughout a lifetime of scholarship and meditation to the explication of a scripture that has a startling connection to the Korean Buddhist tradition. In his treatise, Wonhyo examines the crucial question of how enlightenment can be turned from a tantalizing prospect into a palpable reality that manifests itself in all activities. |
| enlightenment in korean: One Korean's Approach to Buddhism Sung Bae Park, 2009-01-29 Insights into the experience and philosophy of Buddhism from a Korean perspective. This book presents the author?s lifelong study and practice of Buddhism from a Korean perspective. With depth, sensitivity, and candor, Sung Bae Park discusses his country?s contribution to Mahayana Buddhism and also shares his personal experience. A monk in the Korean Chogye order during his early twenties, Park is uniquely qualified to offer the reader some valuable insights into the experience and philosophy of the Zen Buddhist. Focusing on the Korean concepts mom (which refers to the body) and momjit (which refers to its gestures or functions), Park examines their nondual, interdependent nature and their relevance to ordinary human beings who are living in these turbulent times. He also introduces a specialized spiritual practice using the hwadu, which aids the religious practitioner in loosening his conceptual, intellectual grip on his life and the world around him. In addition, the author explores the relevance of his views to other religions and philosophies, including Taoism, Confucianism, and Christianity. Those well acquainted with Buddhism will find much food for thought here, as familiar topics such as emptiness, nonduality, and enlightenment are presented in a refreshingly original way, and those new to Buddhist thought may find themselves stimulated to learn more. A helpful glossary of terms is included. Sung Bae Park is Professor of Asian Philosophy and Religions and Director of the Center for Korean Studies at Stony Brook University, State University of New York. He is the author of Buddhist Faith and Sudden Enlightenment, also published by SUNY Press. |
| enlightenment in korean: The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Korea Won W. Lee, 2022 Provides the first in-depth Handbook about the Bible in Korea Explores how faith communities in Korea and Korean diaspora use the Bible in their religio-cultural, socio-political, and immigrant contexts Includes chapters from 24 theologically and culturally diverse Korean scholars Book jacket. |
| enlightenment in korean: The Jewel of Olden Korea Pasquale De Marco, 2025-04-09 Embark on a captivating journey through the vibrant history, rich culture, and enduring spirit of Korea in The Jewel of Olden Korea. This comprehensive guide unveils the timeless beauty and captivating stories of a nation that has stood resilient against the tides of change. From the splendor of ancient kingdoms to the innovations of modern times, The Jewel of Olden Korea takes you on an enthralling exploration of Korea's captivating past. Discover the tales of legendary rulers, tumultuous battles, and profound cultural shifts that have shaped the Korean identity. Delve into the depths of Korean history, from the Three Kingdoms period to the Joseon Dynasty, and uncover the stories of wise monarchs, fearless warriors, and brilliant scholars who left their indelible mark on the nation's destiny. Beyond the annals of power and politics, The Jewel of Olden Korea celebrates the vibrant tapestry of Korean culture. Immerse yourself in the delicate brushstrokes of traditional painting, the haunting melodies of folk songs, and the intricate elegance of Korean dance. Explore the vibrant festivals and ancient traditions that keep the spirit of Korea alive, showcasing the depth and diversity of Korean artistry. Uncover the essence of the Korean spirit, a spirit of resilience, determination, and innovation. Throughout history, the Korean people have faced countless challenges, from foreign invasions to economic hardships. Yet, they have always emerged stronger, drawing upon their unwavering sense of community and unwavering work ethic. Discover the stories of ordinary Koreans who have made extraordinary contributions to their nation, from inventors and scientists to artists and activists. The Jewel of Olden Korea delves into the heart of Korean society and culture, exploring the Confucian values that underpin Korean society, the importance of family and community, and the unique blend of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism that has shaped Korean thought and spirituality. We also examine the impact of Western influences on Korea, from the arrival of foreign missionaries to the challenges of globalization. With captivating stories, insightful analysis, and stunning visuals, The Jewel of Olden Korea offers a comprehensive and immersive experience that will leave readers with a deeper understanding and appreciation for this extraordinary nation. Join us on this journey through time and discover the timeless beauty and enduring spirit of Korea. If you like this book, write a review! |
| enlightenment in korean: Korea at the Center Charles K. Armstrong, 2006 Illuminating the role of the Korean peninsula in three modern historical periods, this volume offers a fresh appraisal of Korea as the key to the coalescence of a broad, open Northeast Asian regionalism in the twenty-fifth century. |
| enlightenment in korean: Religious and Philosophical Traditions of Korea Kevin Cawley, 2019-02-22 Religious and Philosophical Traditions of Korea addresses a wide range of traditions, serving as a guide to those interested in Buddhism, Confucianism, Shamanism, Christianity and many others. It brings readers along a journey from the past to the present, moving beyond the confines of the Korean peninsula. In this book Kevin N. Cawley examines the different ideas which have shaped a vibrant and exciting intellectual history and engages with some of the key texts and figures from Korea’s intellectual traditions. This comprehensive and riveting text emphasises how some of these ideas have real relevance in the world today and how they have practical value for our lives in the twenty-first century. Students, researchers and academics in the growing area of Korean Studies will find this book indispensable. It will also be of interest to undergraduates and graduate students interested in the comparative study of Asian religions, philosophies and cultures. |
| enlightenment in korean: Food in the Making of Modern Korea Cherl-Ho Lee, 2024-05-29 This handbook offers an updated and comprehensive presentation of knowledge on Korean modern and contemporary food history. It covers the changes in food availability, nutrition, and the health status of Koreans, and the Korean food industry's development from the late period of Joseon dynasty in the mid-19th century, to the present. This period includes the severe poverty and food shortage of the Joseon dynasty, followed by the Japanese invasion, Independence and the South-North division, the Korean war, and rapid industrial development. The influence of national and international environments and political changes during the last 150 years on the Korean food security and the nutritional situation of the people is demarcated. In doing so, the author makes novel suggestions on possible contributions to alleviate the world food crisis in the future. Relevant to food historians and food scientists, and East Asian studies scholars with a particular interest in Korean culture and history,this is a pioneering work that elucidates the driving forces for the development and betterment of Korean society—through food acquisition. |
| enlightenment in korean: Western Historiography in Asia Q. Edward Wang, Okamoto Michihiro, Longguo Li, 2022-02-21 This volume provides a unique and critical perspective on how Chinese, Japanese and Korean scholars engage and critique the West in their historical thinking. It showcases the dialogue between Asian experts and their Euro-American counterparts and offers valuable insights on how to challenge and overcome Eurocentrism in historical writing. |
| enlightenment in korean: A New History of Korea Ki-baek Yi, 1984 One of the first, most widely-read and respected histories of Korea, Ki-baik Lee's Han'guksa Sillon has been translated into English by Edward W. Wagner. A New History of Korea offers Western readers a distillation of the best scholarship on Korean history and culture from the earliest times to the student revolution of 1960. |
| enlightenment in korean: Korea’s Great Buddhist-Confucian Debate A. Charles Muller, 2015-05-31 This volume makes available in English the seminal treatises in Korea's greatest interreligious debate of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. On Mind, Material Force, and Principle and An Array of Critiques of Buddhism by Confucian statesman Chŏng Tojŏn (1342–1398) and Exposition of Orthodoxy by Sŏn monk Kihwa (1376–1433) are presented here with extensive annotation. A substantial introduction provides a summary and analysis of the philosophical positions of both Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism as well as a germane history of the interactions between these two traditions in East Asia, offering insight into religious tensions that persist to this day. Translator A. Charles Muller shows how, from the time Confucianism and Buddhism met in China, these thought systems existed, along with Daoism, in a competing relationship that featured significant mutual influence. A confrontative situation eventually developed in China, wherein Confucian leaders began to criticize Buddhism. During the late-Koryŏ and early-Chosŏn periods in Korea, the Neo-Confucian polemic became the driving force in the movement to oust Buddhism from its position as Korea's state religion. In his essays, Chŏng drew together the gamut of arguments that had been made against Buddhism throughout its long history in Korea. Kihwa's essay met Neo-Confucian contentions with an articulate Buddhist response. Thus, in a rare moment in the history of religions, a true philosophical debate ensued. This debate was made possible based upon the two religions' shared philosophical paradigm: essence-function (ch'e-yong). This traditional East Asian way of interpreting society, events, phenomena, human beings, and the world understands all things to have both essence and function, two contrasting yet wholly contiguous and mutually containing components. All three East Asian traditions took this as their underlying philosophical paradigm, and it is through this paradigm that they evaluated and criticized each other's doctrines and practices. Specialists in philosophy, religion, and Korean studies will appreciate Muller's exploration of this pivotal moment in Korean intellectual history. Because it includes a broad overview of the interactive history of East Asian religions, this book can also serve as a general introduction to East Asian philosophical thought. |
| enlightenment in korean: Populist Collaborators Yumi Moon, 2013-04-30 An empire invites local collaborators in the making and sustenance of its colonies. Between 1896 and 1910, Japan's project to colonize Korea was deeply intertwined with the movements of reform-minded Koreans to solve the crisis of the Choson dynasty (1392-1910). Among those reformers, it was the Ilchinhoe (Advance in Unity Society)-a unique group of reformers from various social origins-that most ardently embraced Japan's discourse of civilizing Korea and saw Japan's colonization as an opportunity to advance its own populist agendas. The Ilchinhoe members called themselves representatives of the people and mobilized vibrant popular movements that claimed to protect the people's freedom, property, and lives. Neither modernist nor traditionalist, they were willing to sacrifice the sovereignty of the Korean monarchy if that would ensure the rights and equality of the people. Both the Japanese colonizers and the Korean elites disliked the Ilchinhoe for its aggressive activism, which sought to control local tax administration and reverse the existing power relations between the people and government officials. Ultimately, the Ilchinhoe members faced visceral moral condemnation from their fellow Koreans when their language and actions resulted in nothing but assist the emergence of the Japanese colonial empire in Korea. In Populist Collaborators, Yumi Moon examines the vexed position of these Korean reformers in the final years of the Choson dynasty, and highlights the global significance of their case for revisiting the politics of local collaboration in the history of a colonial empire. |
| enlightenment in korean: Korean Studies , 2002 |
| enlightenment in korean: Korea Between Empires, 1895-1919 Andre Schmid, 2002 Turning from more traditional modes of historical inquiry, Korea Between Empires explores the formative influence of language and social discourse on conceptions of nationalism, national identity, and the nation-state. |
| enlightenment in korean: Split Screen Korea Steven Chung, 2014-03-01 Shin Sang-ok (1926–2006) was arguably the most important Korean filmmaker of the postwar era. Over seven decades, he directed or produced nearly 200 films, including A Flower in Hell (1958) and Pulgasari (1985), and his career took him from late-colonial Korea to postwar South and North Korea to Hollywood. Notoriously crossing over to the North in 1978, Shin made a series of popular films under Kim Jong-il before seeking asylum in 1986 and resuming his career in South Korea and Hollywood. In Split Screen Korea, Steven Chung illuminates the story of postwar Korean film and popular culture through the first in-depth account in English of Shin’s remarkable career. Shin’s films were shaped by national division and Cold War politics, but Split Screen Korea finds surprising aesthetic and political continuities across not only distinct phases in modern South Korean history but also between South and North Korea. These are unveiled most dramatically in analysis of the films Shin made on opposite sides of the DMZ. Chung explains how a filmmaking sensibility rooted in the South Korean market and the global style of Hollywood could have been viable in the North. Combining close readings of a broad range of films with research on the industrial and political conditions of Korean film production, Split Screen Korea shows how cinematic styles, popular culture, and intellectual discourse bridged the divisions of postwar Korea, raising new questions about the implications of political partition. |
| enlightenment in korean: The State, Society and Big Business in South Korea Yeon-Ho Lee, 2002-09-11 This book examines how the South Korean state is able to execute national policies that are opposed to the interests of social constituents, despite the expansion of social power. The relationship between the government and big business provides an illuminating example of this. The author demonstrates how Confucian values, the role of the family and a firm hierarchical tradition have prevented South Korea from developing a modern state on the Western model. |
| enlightenment in korean: Routledge Handbook of Modern Korean History Michael Seth, 2016-01-29 Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century when Korea became entangled in the world of modern imperialism and the old social, economic and political order began to change; this handbook brings together cutting edge scholarship on major themes in Korean History. Contributions by experts in the field cover the Late Choson and Colonial periods, Korea’s partition and the diverging paths of North and South Korea. Topics covered include: The division of Korea Religion Competing imperialisms Economic change War and rebellions Nationalism Gender North Korea Under Kim Jong Il Global Korea The Handbook provides a stimulating introduction to the most important themes within the subject area, and is an invaluable reference work for any student and researcher of Korean History. |
| enlightenment in korean: Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy Oliver Leaman, 2002-09-11 Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy provides an extensive glossary of the main terms and concepts used in Eastern philosophy. The book includes definitions of philosophical ideas linked to the national traditions of: * Persia * India * Islamic world * China * Japan * Tibet including concepts from: * Zoroastrianism * Hinduism * Sufism * Islam * Confucianism * Shintoism * Taoism * Buddhism Each entry includes a guide for further reading and critical analysis, and is cross-referenced with associated concepts and is in easy-to-use A-Z format. |
| enlightenment in korean: Korea Journal , 1961 |
| enlightenment in korean: Christianity, the Sovereign Subject, and Ethnic Nationalism in Colonial Korea Hannah Amaris Roh, 2022-08-12 One of the first philosophical approaches to the study of Korea’s ethnic nationalism, Christianity, the Sovereign Subject, and Ethnic Nationalism in Colonial Korea traces the impact of Christianity in the formation of Korean national identity, outlining the metaphysical origins of the concept of the sovereign subject. This monograph takes a meta-historical approach and engages the moral questions of Korean historiography amid the fraught politics of narrating colonialism and the postcolonial period. Indebted to Jacques Derrida’s philosophy of deconstruction and his framework of hauntology, this monograph unpacks the ethical consequences of ethnic nationalism, exploring how Western metaphysics has haunted imaginations of freedom in colonial Korea. While most studies of modern Korean nationalism and (post)colonialism have taken a cultural, literary, or social scientific approach, this book draws on the thought of Jacques Derrida to offer an innovative intellectual history of Korea’s colonial period. By deconstructing the metaphysical claims of turn-of-the-century Protestant missionaries and early modern Korean intellectuals, the book showcases the relevance of Derrida’s philosophical method in the study of modern Korean history. This is a must read for scholars interested in Derrida, historiography, and Korean history. |
| enlightenment in korean: Women in Gray Robes Chungwhan Sung, 2023-02-28 About the Book Women in Gray Robes explores the lives and practices of the Korean Buddhist nuns of the famous seminary of the Unmunsa by combining historical analysis and ethnographic research and by applying a hermeneutic perspective. About the Author Chungwhan Sung received her B.A. and M. A. with a concentration in Buddhism from Dongguk University. She received her Ph.D. from the Department of Religion at the University of Florida. Throughout her academic career, she has studied Buddhism through the intersection of texts, history, and culture. She has worked on issues relating to cultural heritage in religion and Buddhism during globalization. |
| enlightenment in korean: Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy Oliver Leaman, 2006-10-19 Incorporating cultural and religious contexts, this unique Encyclopedia provides a vital guide to the main concepts and thinkers in Asian philosophy - starting with Abhidharma and ending with Zurvan. The main philosophical trends and thinkers in each geographical area are featured, with an emphasis on endtemporary developments and movements. The A-Z structured encyclopedia emphasizes that Asian philosophy is not merely an ancient form of thought but that it is a living philosophy, with roots in the past, and also a potent and animate presence today. This translates into the reciprocal exchange of theories between Eastern and Western thinking, for example of new schools of thought such as orientalism. Requiring no prior knowledge of philosophy, religion or Asian cultures, this book is essential reading for students, teachers and the interested individual who wishes to gain an understanding of the philosophical basis to Asian cultural systems. |
| enlightenment in korean: Makers of Modern Korean Buddhism Jin Y. Park, 2012-02-01 An overview of Korean Buddhism and its major figures in the modern period. |
| enlightenment in korean: Dao Companion to Korean Confucian Philosophy Young-chan Ro, 2019-08-20 This volume is the first comprehensive and in-depth discussion written in English of the Confucian tradition in the context of the intellectual history of Korea. It deals with the historical, social, political, philosophical and spiritual dimensions of Korean Confucianism, arguably the most influential intellectual tradition, ethical and religious practice, and political-ideological system in Korea. This volume analyzes the unique aspects of the Korean development of the Confucian tradition by examining the role of Confucianism as the ruling ideology of the Choson Dynasty (1302-1910). It investigates Confucianism’s social and cultural construction, and intellectual foundation in highlighting the Korean achievement of the Neo-Confucian discussion on human nature and its principle in light of the Chinese Neo-Confucian development. The volume also surveys the most influential Korean Confucian scholars discussing their philosophical significance in relation to one of the most fundamental Neo-Confucian discourses, namely the li (principle) and qi (material force) debates, to elucidate how metaphysical theories shaped the socio-political factions of the Choson Dynasty. Furthermore, issues concerning the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism and other native traditional belief systems are also included in this volume. The volume explores the Confucian confrontation with modernity, encounter with the Western Learning including Western science and Catholicism, and the Confucian struggle with modernity in dealing with issues such as democracy, human rights, and gender in modern Korea. Individual contributors of this volume are either well established senior scholars or promising young scholars in the field. |
| enlightenment in korean: A History of Korea Kyung Moon Hwang, 2021-11-30 Dynamic and meticulously researched, A History of Korea continues to be one of the leading introductory textbooks on Korean history. Assuming no prior knowledge, Hwang guides readers from early state formation and the dynastic eras to the modern experience in both North and South Korea. Structured around episodic accounts, each chapter begins by discussing a defining moment in Korean history in context, with an extensive examination of how the events and themes under consideration have been viewed up to the present day. By engaging with recurring themes such as collective identity, external influence, social hierarchy, family and gender, the author introduces the major historical events, patterns and debates that have shaped both North and South Korea over the past 1500 years. This textbook is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Korean or Asian history. The first half of the book covers pre-20th century history, and the second half the modern era, making it ideal for survey courses. |
| enlightenment in korean: Religions of the World [6 volumes] J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, 2010-09-21 This masterful six-volume encyclopedia provides comprehensive, global coverage of religion, emphasizing larger religious communities without neglecting the world's smaller religious outposts. Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices is an extraordinary work, bringing together the scholarship of some 225 experts from around the globe. The encyclopedia's six volumes offer entries on every country of the world, with particular emphasis on the larger nations, as well as Indonesia and the Latin American countries that are traditionally given little attention in English-language reference works. Entries include profiles on religion in the world's smallest countries (the Vatican and San Marino), profiles on religion in recently established or disputed countries (Kosovo and Nagorno-Karabakh), as well as profiles on religion in some of the world's most remote places (Antarctica and Easter Island). Religions of the World is unique in that it is based in religion on the ground, tracing the development of each of the 16 major world religious traditions through its institutional expressions in the modern world, its major geographical sites, and its major celebrations. Unlike other works, the encyclopedia also covers the world of religious unbelief as expressed in atheism, humanism, and other traditions. |
| enlightenment in korean: Korean Religions in Relation Anselm K. Min, 2016-09-30 Instead of simply being another survey of the three dominant religions in contemporary Korea—Buddhism, Confucianism, and Christianity—this unique book studies them in relation to each other in terms of assimilation, accommodation, conflict, and exclusion. The contributors focus on major issues that have historically challenged the relations between the three religions from the Goryeo period to the present and how each religion has responded to them. The essays bring a new perspective to the study of Korean religions, one that is especially pertinent in the current age of religious pluralism with all its tensions. |
| enlightenment in korean: Korea Annual , 1968 |
| enlightenment in korean: Buddhism and Violence Vladimir Tikhonov, Torkel Brekke, 2012-09-10 It is generally accepted in the West that Buddhism is a ‘peaceful’ religion. The Western public tends to assume that the doctrinal rejection of violence in Buddhism would make Buddhist pacifists, and often expects Buddhist societies or individual Asian Buddhists to conform to the modern Western standards of ‘peaceful’ behavior. This stereotype – which may well be termed ‘positive Orientalism,’ since it is based on assumption that an ‘Oriental’ religion would be more faithful to its original non-violent teachings than Western Christianity – has been periodically challenged by enthusiastic acquiescence by monastic Buddhism to the most brutal sorts of warfare. This volume demolishes this stereotype, and produces instead a coherent, nuanced account on the modern Buddhist attitudes towards violence and warfare, which take into consideration both doctrinal logic of Buddhism and the socio-political situation in Asian Buddhist societies. The chapters in this book offer a deeper analysis of ‘Buddhist militarism’ and Buddhist attitudes towards violence than previous volumes, grounded in an awareness of Buddhist doctrines and the recent history of nationalism, as well as the role Buddhism plays in constructions of national identity. The international team of contributors includes scholars from Thailand, Japan, and Korea. |
| enlightenment in korean: Cultural Nationalism in Colonial Korea, 1920-1925 Michael Robinson, 2014-04-01 By studying the early splits within Korean nationalism, Michael Robinson shows that the issues faced by Korean nationalists during the Japanese colonial period were complex and enduring. In doing so, Robinson, in this classic text, provides a new context with which to analyze the difficult issues of political identity and national unity that remain central to contemporary Korean politics. |
| enlightenment in korean: The New History of Korean Civilization Chai-Shin Yu, 2012 This book explores the existence of a distinctive Korean culture established by the Korean people and separate from its Chinese and Japanese counterparts. [The author] surveys the history of cultural life in Korea and provides a detailed account of this country's remarkable heritage ... Written for the purpose of introducing the roots of Korean culture to Westerners and second-generation Koreans living in the West.--P. [4] of cover. |
| enlightenment in korean: Aesthetic Constructions of Korean Nationalism Hong Kal, 2011-05-12 While most studies on Korean nationalism centre on textual analysis, Aesthetic Constructions of Korean Nationalism offers a different approach. It looks at expositions, museums and the urban built environment at particular moments in both colonial and postcolonial eras and analyses their discursive relations in the construction of Korean nationalism. By linking concepts of visual spectacle, urban space and governmentality, this book explores how such notions made the nation imaginable to the public in both the past and the present; how they represented a new modality of seeing for the state and contributed to the shaping of collective identities in colonial and postcolonial Korea. The author further examines how their different modes were associated with the change in governmentality in Korea. In addressing these questions, the book interprets the politics behind the culture of displays and shows both the continuity and the transformation of spectacles as a governing technology in twentieth-century Korea. Aesthetic Constructions of Korean Nationalism is a significant contribution to a study of the politics of visual culture in colonial and postcolonial Korea. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of Korean Studies, Culture and Heritage Studies and Asian Studies. |
| enlightenment in korean: More-than-One Health Irus Braverman, 2022-12-01 This edited volume examines the complex entanglements of human, animal, and environmental health. It assembles leading scholars from the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and medicine to explore existing One Health approaches and to envision a mode of health that is both more-than-human and also more sensitive to, and explicit about, colonial and neocolonial legacies—urging the decolonization of One Health. While acknowledging the importance of One Health, the volume at the same time critically examines its roots, highlighting the structural biases and power dynamics still at play in this global health regime. The volume is distinctive in its geographic breadth. It travels from Inuit sled dogs in the Arctic to rock hyraxes in Jerusalem, from black-faced spoonbills in Taiwan to street dogs in India, from spittle-bugs on Mallorca’s almond trees to jellyfish management at sea, and from rabies in sub-Saharan Africa to massive culling practices in South Korea. Together, the contributors call for One Health to move toward a more transparent, plural, and just perception of health that takes seriously the role of more-than-humans and of nonscientific knowledges, pointing to ways in which One Health can—and should—be decolonized. This volume will appeal to researchers and practitioners in the medical humanities, posthumanities, environmental humanities, science and technology studies, animal studies, multispecies ethnography, anthrozoology, and critical public health. The Open Access version of chapter 1, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003294085, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Funded by the Wellcome Trust. |
| enlightenment in korean: The Gyeongheo Collection–Prose and Poetry by the Restorer of Korean Seon Gyeongheo, The Gyeongheo Collection is a collection of dharma talks and other literary works by Gyeongheo Seong’u 鏡虛惺牛(1849/1857–1912), one of the representative Korean Seon masters of modern times. Gyeongheo was tonsured at the age of nine, and he studied Buddhist doctrine on the one hand and promoted Ganhwa Seon practice on the other. Geongheo also established a meditation practice society. In his later years Gyeongheo dedicated himself to the edification of the common people in the northern area of the Korean peninsula. Among his prominent disciples are Hyewol 慧月 (1861–1937), Man’gong 滿空 (1871–1946), and Han’am 漢岩 (1876–1951). The Gyeongheo Collection is a significant work in that it enables us to see the process of evolution and transformation of Seon tradition during the period of modernization. This work consists of dharma talks, prefaces, records, letters, accounts of conduct, eulogies offered up to portraits of famous monks, hundreds of Seon verses (in both five character and seven character formats), and so forth. Among the poems written in regulated verses with five logographs per line, “How to Be a Monk” is a guide book of practice for monks and nuns. “The Pure Regulations” includes the rules and regulations of the Seon monastic community. The verses also contain unconventional features of Seon teaching. “The Song of the Way to Enlightenment” is the verse written on Gyeonheo’s attainment of the state of enlightenment. Besides, The Gyeonheo Collection contains essays on various topics, such as the exhaustive realization within one’s mind required in Ganhwa Seon practice, the adoption of Pure Land thought, the importance of monastic precepts and the Pure Rules, societies and movements focused on meditation, the synthesis of practice and doctrine, the edification of the masses and songs such as “Sŏn meditation” (Chamseon gok) introducing the daily life of Seon, the establishment of Seon monastic community and education, and so on. The base script for The Gyeongheo Collection is Han’am’s hand-copied edition (1931), which also includes a brief biography of Gyeongheo written by Han’am himself. For the translation, this script was compared to the printed edition published in 1943 by Jung’ang Seonwoen, which is prefaced by Han Yongun 韓龍雲(1879–1944), the prominent Korean monk and writer. |
| enlightenment in korean: Korean Nationalism Betrayed Joong-Seok Seo, 2007-11-01 Written by Joong- Seok Seo, an eminent Korean historian and a thinker of rare originality, this book examines the tumultuous history of modern Korea from the perspective of nationalism. Based on the author’s extensive research and wide-ranging experience, the book goes to the heart of critical questioning about the political uses and abuses of nationalism by the ruling elites of post-liberation Korea. Indeed, Korean Nationalism Betrayed fills a yawning gap in the Western understanding of the authoritarian political structure of South Korea (1948-1988) that manipulated and distorted nationalism by identifying it with ultra-right anti-communism. The author provides a set of thought-provoking and compelling arguments against the assumptions of the Cold War, attributing the continued climate of tension and antagonism between the two Koreas to the tenacity of a Cold War mind-set. He traces the root of the tragedy of national division to the failure of Korean nationalism, and puts forward a compelling case for overcoming the legacy of polarized ideological stance, based on Cold War ideology and embracing a policy of reconciliation and cooperation by both sides. |
| enlightenment in korean: Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History (Updated Edition) Bruce Cumings, 2005-09-17 Passionate, cantankerous, and fascinating. Rather like Korea itself.--Nicholas D. Kristof, New York Times Book Review Korea has endured a fractured, shattered twentieth century, and this updated edition brings Bruce Cumings's leading history of the modern era into the present. The small country, overshadowed in the imperial era, crammed against great powers during the Cold War, and divided and decimated by the Korean War, has recently seen the first real hints of reunification. But positive movements forward are tempered by frustrating steps backward. In the late 1990s South Korea survived its most severe economic crisis since the Korean War, forcing a successful restructuring of its political economy. Suffering through floods, droughts, and a famine that cost the lives of millions of people, North Korea has been labeled part of an axis of evil by the George W. Bush administration and has renewed its nuclear threats. On both sides Korea seems poised to continue its fractured existence on into the new century, with potential ramifications for the rest of the world. |
| enlightenment in korean: Seoul Journal of Korean Studies , 2004 |
Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia
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List of some of the major causes and effects of the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers objected to the absolute power of monarchs and of the Roman Catholic Church. They used …
Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and philosophical movement taking place in Europe from the late 17th century to the early …
Enlightenment | Definition, Summary, Ideas, Meaning, Hi…
Jun 6, 2025 · Enlightenment, a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity were synthesized into a …
The Enlightenment - World History Encyclopedia
Feb 29, 2024 · The Enlightenment (Age of Reason) was a revolution in thought in Europe and North America from the late 17th century to the late 18th century. The Enlightenment involved …
Enlightenment - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Aug 20, 2010 · Guided by D’Alembert’s characterization of his century, the Enlightenment is conceived here as having its primary origin in the scientific revolution of the 16th and …
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