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| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Odontocetes Bernd Würsig, 2019-08-02 This book concentrates on the marine mammalian group of Odontocetes, the toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises. In 23 chapters, a total of 40 authors describe general patterns of ethological concepts of odontocetes in their natural environments, with a strong bent towards behavioral ecology. Examples are given of particularly well-studied species and species groups for which enough data exist, especially from the past 15 years. The aim is to give a modern flavor of present knowledge of ethology and behavior of generally large-brained behaviorally flexible mammals that have evolved quite separately from social mammals on land. As well, the plight of populations and species due to humans is described in multiple chapters, with the goal that an understanding of behavior can help to solve or alleviate at least some human-made problems. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sirenia Helene Marsh, 2022-05-09 Despite their rich fossil history, there are only four surviving species of sirenians or sea cows, the only fully aquatic herbivorous mammals. The three species of manatees and the dugong live in the coastal waters rivers and lakes of more than 80 tropical and subtropical countries and are all on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This book examines sirenian conservation biology through the lens of their behavioral ecology and ethology. Sirenian feeding, diving, movement, social and reproductive behaviors are reviewed by an international team of scientists from eight countries, with an emphasis on data gathered in the past 15 years. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Mysticetes Christopher W. Clark, Ellen C. Garland, 2022-07-02 In this book, an international team of leading marine mammal scientists, with a remarkably diverse set of backgrounds and areas of expertise, lead you through a synthesis of current knowledge on baleen whales. Baleen whales are the largest animals ever to have lived on this planet. They also have the lowest and most intense voices on Earth, most likely evolved to take advantage of ocean acoustic transmission conditions so as to be detectable across ocean basins. Some baleen whales can live to be 150-200 years old. They migrate many thousands of kilometers between feeding and breeding areas. They produce songs and calls that serve as behavioral foundations for establishing, maintaining and expanding their cultural identities. To conclude that we know the behavioral limits of these large brained, long-lived animals would be naïve. As baleen whale scientists, we are still beginning to comprehend the enormous complexities and natural histories of these remarkable animals. Today, the fact that whales sing is known throughout much of the world. This awareness started 50 years ago with the publication and popularization of a collection of humpback song recordings that motivated research into baleen whale behavioral ethology. In this book’s chapters, a reader’s experiences will stretch from learning about baleen whale laryngeal anatomy associated with their different voices to learning about the vast ocean areas over which their voices can be heard and the emerging complexities of their culturally defined societies. These are accompanied by chapters on the fundamental ethological contexts of socializing, migrating, and foraging. Two common themes permeate the book. One theme highlights the phenomenal increase in scientific knowledge achieved through technological advancements. The other theme recognizes the impacts of human-made activities on ocean acoustic environments and the resultant influences on the health and survival of individual whales and their populations. Although the book is intentionally ambitious in its scope, as scientists, we fully recognize that baleen whale science is still in its infancy. Many profound revelations await discovery by cohorts of young, multi-talented explorers, some of whom are stretching their wings in this volume and some of whom are reading these scientific stories for the first time. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid Claudio Campagna, Robert Harcourt, 2021-06-02 This book is focused on the marine mammalian groups the Otariidae and the Odobenidae, otherwise known as fur seals, sea lions and the walrus. In 30 chapters, more than 60 authors from 30 institutions and 13 nationalities, discuss a broad suite of topics from maternal care and mating behavior, through play, cognition and personality, to adaptation to life in the Anthropocene. The authors explore the behaviors that have allowed these semi-aquatic mammals to thrive in the marine realm. Many populations have recovered following historical decimation, with interesting evolutionary consequences which are explored. Detailed, selected, individual species descriptions are also provided, showcasing the behavioral diversity of this engaging, adaptive and highly successful group of marine mammals. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Sex in Cetaceans Bernd Würsig, Dara N. Orbach, 2023-09-25 Sex in Cetaceans provides an up-to-date review of multi-faceted aspects related to mating and reproduction in toothed and baleen whales. This open access book begins with discussions of sexual selection and anatomical traits related to mating and diversity between the sexes. The functions of non-conceptive copulations are reviewed as are different research techniques applied to explore sex in cetaceans. Authors and editors build knowledge of female and male social, mating, and parental strategies and tactics for several specific toothed dolphin/porpoise/whale species and baleen whale species. It concludes with a discussion of potential conservation efforts and ways to help especially beleaguered species and populations the world over. The volume is intended as a major primer of cetacean sex for undergraduate and graduate students, new and established researchers in the field, and the public wishing to learn more. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Ecological and behavioral traits of apex predators in oceanic insular ecosystems: Advances and challenges in research and conservation Filipe Alves, Nuno Queiroz, Patrick Jodice, 2023-09-07 |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Phocids Daniel P. Costa, Elizabeth A. McHuron, 2022-03-17 Phocid (or earless or true) seals are ecologically diverse, occupying habitats from the tropics to the poles in marine and freshwater and feeding on anything from tiny zooplankton to other marine mammals. There are 18 species of phocid seals, the smallest species (ringed seal) is more than 20 times smaller than the largest (southern elephant seal), with marked sexual dimorphism present in some species. This book examines the behavior, ecology, and physiology that allow phocid seals to inhabit such a wide range of habitats. The book is composed of 16 chapters written by 37 authors from 8 countries. The book first describes the general patterns of phocid behavior, followed by descriptions of what is known about well-studied species. We have taken a holistic approach, focusing not only on the behaviors themselves but also on the factors that constrain the expression of behavior and the proximate mechanisms driving behavior. In many cases, the chapters represent collaborations between well-established researchers and early-mid career individuals who bring new perspectives to help carry the field of phocid behavioral ecology well into the future. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters and Polar Bears Randall W. Davis, Anthony M. Pagano, 2021-07-03 Sea otters and polar bears are carnivorous marine mammals that still resemble their terrestrial ancestors. Compared with Cetacea (whales and dolphins), Sirenia (dugongs and manatees), and Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions, and walrus), they are less adapted for an aquatic life and the most recently evolved among marine mammals. Sea otters are amphibious but seldom come ashore, and polar bears primarily occur on sea ice or along the shore. When at sea, both species spend most of their time swimming at the surface or making short, shallow dives when foraging or pursuing prey. Indeed, polar bears rarely pursue seals in water. Nevertheless, polar bears are powerful swimmers and will stalk seals from the water. As with many other large carnivores, they are solitary hunters. Although sea otters are gregarious and form aggregations at sea called rafts, they are primarily asocial. Except during mating, the principal interaction among sea otters occurs between a female and offspring during the six-month dependency period. In large carnivores (e.g., wolves and lions) that feed on ungulates, sociality and cooperation are favored because of the need to capture large prey and defend carcasses. Polar bears, which are the largest terrestrial carnivore, are solitary hunters of seals and are neither gregarious nor social. Males and females briefly associate during courtship and mating. During this time, males aggressively compete for females. At other times, males generally avoid each other except for aggregations of males that form while summering on land, and females with cubs avoid males, which are known for infanticide. As with sea otters, the interaction of polar bears outside of mating occurs between a female and her offspring during the 2-3 year dependency period. This interaction is critically important when altricial cubs are born in the winter den. This book provides new insight into the ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears. Each chapter reviews the discoveries of previous studies and integrates recent research using new techniques and technology. The authors also address historic and current anthropogenic challenges for their survival as climate change alters entire marine ecosystems. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Coastal Dolphins and Porpoises Thomas Allen Jefferson, 2024-12-08 Coastal Dolphins and Porpoises: Ridgway and Harrison's Handbook of Marine Mammals, Volume One, the first volume in the Handbook of Marine Mammals series, covers some of the world's most beautiful, intelligent, and highly adapted mammals that inhabit our seas and oceans. As our knowledge of marine mammals grows, the need exists for a reliable and complete reference to the ecology and biology of these fascinating creatures. Scientists, conservationists, and informed laypersons will find books in this series to be a definitive review of all the world's living whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, sea cows, and marine otters and bears.This volume consists of species review chapters written by leading global experts on a variety of coastal marine species of dolphins and porpoises. Each chapter includes a description of the species followed by sections on distribution and abundance, anatomy, physiology, behavior, ecology, reproduction, parasites, diseases, and the impacts of human activities on the species. - Provides in-depth reviews of bottlenose, humpback, and other coastal dolphins, as well as the closely related porpoises - Addresses the evolution, anatomy, ecology, distribution, and behavior of these marine mammal species - Features numerous photos of live and specimen animals, skulls, and anatomical details, along with distribution maps |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Targeting Neuro-Immuno-Vascular Interactions in the Brain and the Periphery Imola Wilhelm, Istvan A. Krizbai, Mihaela Gherghiceanu, Éva Szőke, Zsuzsanna Helyes, 2023-02-13 |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Small Cetacean Conservation: Current Challenges and Opportunities Randall William Davis, Jeremy Kiszka, Rob Harcourt, Mark Meekan, Lars Bejder, Diego Horacio Rodriguez, Karen A. Stockin, 2022-09-23 |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: The Little Book of Whales Robert Young, Annalisa Berta, 2024-10-22 A charming, richly illustrated, pocket-size exploration of the world’s whales Packed with surprising facts, this delightful and gorgeously designed book will beguile any nature lover. Expertly written and beautifully illustrated throughout with color photographs and original color artwork, The Little Book of Whales is an accessible and enjoyable mini-reference about the world’s whales, with examples drawn from across the globe. It fits an astonishing amount of information in a small package, covering a wide range of topics—from anatomy, diversity, and reproduction to habitat and conservation. It also includes curious facts and a section on whales in myths and folklore from around the world. The result is an irresistible guide to the amazing lives of whales. A beautifully designed pocket-size book with a foil-stamped cloth cover Features some 140 color illustrations and photos Makes a perfect gift |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators Mridula Srinivasan, Bernd Würsig, 2023-09-18 The book offers a comparative look at the social strategies of five carnivorous social predators (four terrestrial and one marine) that make them successful hunting units. The focus is on mammalian predators hunting (largely) mammalian prey. Each chapter (with separate authors) devoted to a particular species, explores the versatile hunting techniques and social dynamics of these top predators as they attempt to survive, defend, and reproduce in challenging habitats. Each chapter also delves into how the social fabric and ecology of each species influence their ability to deal with natural and man-made threats and shifting baselines. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: The Physiology of Dolphins Andreas Fahlman, Sascha K. Hooker, 2023-11-25 The Physiology of Dolphins explains complex physiological problems of dolphins that are largely driven by technological developments of biologging tools. The book provides a collection of review chapters from leaders in the field of dolphin ecophysiology, making it essential for instructors, researchers and graduate students interested in the physiological and anatomical adaptations that make life possible for this charismatic marine mammal. Sections cover the complete physiology of the mammal and include information on the current threats for dolphins and whales from environmental pressures such as climate change, overfishing, pollution and our increasing human presence in the ocean. This is an excellent reference providing easy to follow details of the latest available research methods and technologies that is expanding the field of physiology in marine mammals. - Describes complex physiological themes such as the neural control of the dive response and how compression affects gas exchange - Includes studies of the cardiorespiratory and sensory physiology of wild dolphins and other cetacean species - Incorporates diagrams, and other visual representations to best describe these complex systems and activities |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Marine Mammals: the Evolving Human Factor Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, Bernd Würsig, 2022-06-08 The seventh volume in the series “Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals” describes aspects of the often-complex relationship between humans and marine mammals. From a primeval condition of occasional predators, during the last century humans have become a major factor negatively affecting the status of most marine mammals through over-hunting, habitat encroachment and environmental degradation. This has led to the extirpation of many marine mammal populations and even to the extinction of species. However, in parallel to this destructive drive, since antiquity humanity has been influenced by a strong fascination for marine mammals, which contributes today to an increased human appreciation of the natural world admixed with widespread concern for its degrading condition. The special status occupied by marine mammals in human imagination and affection stands in stark contrast with the current predicament of many populations still threatened by the doings of Homo sapiens: a condition emblematic of the relationship of humanity with nature, and key to understanding where humanity is heading. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Depredation by marine mammals in fishing gear Gonzalvo, J., Carpentieri, P., 2023-06-06 Marine mammal depredation refers to the phenomenon of marine mammals partially or completely removing catch from fishing gear. Its results, which can affect the survival of wild dolphin populations, as well as damage gear or target fish, disturb fishing activities and generate economic losses for fishers, are a growing cause for concern in several Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries. Depredation events often leave dolphins injured or snared in fishing nets and fishers with damaged nets and lower catch values. As a result, these interactions can create conflicts between dolphins and fishers, undermining efforts to improve the sustainability of fisheries and the conservation of vulnerable species. This review offers an overview of historical and current trends of depredation by marine mammals in the region, including information on the contiguous Atlantic area west of Gibraltar. The publication aims to assess and synthesize depredation records and describe ongoing projects on depredation in order to improve knowledge on key aspects of depredation, such as the fishing practices associated with depredation events, the economic fallout caused by marine mammal–fisheries interactions and the species and populations most involved in depredation. In the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, coastal fisheries often come into contact with cetaceans, especially bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena relicta). These species feature most prominently in the depredation records assessed and are the main research focuses of ongoing monitoring projects in the region. However, Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus) are also responsible for depredation, especially in the eastern Mediterranean, and are the subject of their own short chapter in this review. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Physiology of Marine Mammals Michael Castellini, Jo-Ann Mellish, 2023-07-05 Suppose you were designing a marine mammal. What would they need to live in the ocean? How would you keep them warm? What design features would allow them to dive for very long periods to extreme depths? Do they need water to drink? How would they minimize the cost of swimming, and how would they find their prey in the deep and dark? These questions and more are examined in detail throughout Marine Mammal Physiology, which explores how marine mammals live in the sea from a physiological point of view. This undergraduate textbook considers the essential aspects of what makes a marine mammal different from terrestrial mammals, beyond just their environment. It focuses on the physiological and biochemical traits that have allowed this group of mammals to effectively exploit the marine environment that is so hostile to humans. The content of this book is organised around common student questions, taking the undergraduate's point of view as the starting point. Each chapter provides a set of PowerPoint slides for instructors to use in teaching and students to use as study guides. New Study Questions and Critical Thinking Points conclude each chapter, which are each motivated by a Driving Question such as How do mammals stay warm in a cold ocean? or How do mammals survive the crushing pressures of the deep sea? Full-colour images and comprehensive, accessible content make this the definitive textbook for marine mammal physiology. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Mitigating Fisheries Bycatch Rebecca Lent, Dale Edward Squires, Peter H. Dutton, Lisa Taylor Ballance, 2022-04-29 |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Australian Mammals Stephen M. Jackson, 2025-06-02 Australian Mammals: Biology and Captive Management is a complete guide to the husbandry of all groups of Australian mammals. This second edition has been updated based on the latest research, bringing together current knowledge of the biology and behaviour of each species in captive situations and providing guidance for hand rearing. It covers advances from the last 20 years, including developments in assisted breeding, genetic techniques, updated taxonomy and the importance of Australian mammal welfare, both physical and mental. Written in collaboration with experts in captive management, ecology and veterinary science, chapters are presented for each taxonomic group of Australian mammals. Each chapter covers animal welfare, natural history, housing requirements, general husbandry, feeding requirements, handling and transport, health requirements, behaviour, breeding and artificial rearing. Australian Mammals provides practical guidance for zookeepers, veterinarians, zoologists, researchers and students. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: New frontiers of marine governance in the ocean decade Helena Calado, Catarina Frazão Santos , José Guerreiro, Jan Van Tatenhove, Marie Bonnin, 2023-08-30 |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Strahan's Mammals of Australia Andrew M. Baker, 2023-11-23 Fully updated and with completely reworked text and images, this is the Fourth Edition of the acclaimed The Mammals of Australia. Strahan's Mammals of Australia is the best book available on the subject, being the most definitive, comprehensive and up-to-date. It provides a written account of every species of native mammal known to have existed in Australia since European settlement, with 403 species covered in total. It is beautifully illustrated with more than 1,500 colour photographs, while each species account includes a detailed description of the animal and its behaviour. Species covered range from marsupials, monotremes and rodents through to bats, seals and whales. The new edition sees the addition of 14 newly described species and includes all the latest taxonomic treatments and many changes to names (common and scientific) and other features that have been accepted in the 14 years that have passed since the publication of the Third Edition. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Chimpanzees in Context Lydia M. Hopper, 2021-01-12 The study of the chimpanzee, one of the human species’ closest relatives, has led scientists to exciting discoveries about evolution, behavior, and cognition over the past half century. In this book, rising and veteran scholars take a fascinating comparative approach to the culture, behavior, and cognition of both wild and captive chimpanzees. By seeking new perspectives in how the chimpanzee compares to other species, the scientists featured offer a richer understanding of the ways in which chimpanzees’ unique experiences shape their behavior. They also demonstrate how different methodologies provide different insights, how various cultural experiences influence our perspectives of chimpanzees, and how different ecologies in which chimpanzees live affect how they express themselves. After a foreword by Jane Goodall, the book features sections that examine chimpanzee life histories and developmental milestones, behavior, methods of study, animal communication, cooperation, communication, and tool use. The book ends with chapters that consider how we can apply contemporary knowledge of chimpanzees to enhance their care and conservation. Collectively, these chapters remind us of the importance of considering the social, ecological, and cognitive context of chimpanzee behavior, and how these contexts shape our comprehension of chimpanzees. Only by leveraging these powerful perspectives do we stand a chance at improving how we understand, care for, and protect this species. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Innovation and Discoveries in Marine Soundscape Research Bob Dziak, Adrienne Copeland, Ana Širovic, DelWayne Roger Bohnenstiehl, Ilse Catharina Van Opzeeland, 2022-04-04 |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters and Polar Bears Randall W. Davis, Anthony M. Pagano, 2022-07-05 Sea otters and polar bears are carnivorous marine mammals that still resemble their terrestrial ancestors. Compared with Cetacea (whales and dolphins), Sirenia (dugongs and manatees), and Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions, and walrus), they are less adapted for an aquatic life and the most recently evolved among marine mammals. Sea otters are amphibious but seldom come ashore, and polar bears primarily occur on sea ice or along the shore. When at sea, both species spend most of their time swimming at the surface or making short, shallow dives when foraging or pursuing prey. Indeed, polar bears rarely pursue seals in water. Nevertheless, polar bears are powerful swimmers and will stalk seals from the water. As with many other large carnivores, they are solitary hunters. Although sea otters are gregarious and form aggregations at sea called rafts, they are primarily asocial. Except during mating, the principal interaction among sea otters occurs between a female and offspring during the six-month dependency period. In large carnivores (e.g., wolves and lions) that feed on ungulates, sociality and cooperation are favored because of the need to capture large prey and defend carcasses. Polar bears, which are the largest terrestrial carnivore, are solitary hunters of seals and are neither gregarious nor social. Males and females briefly associate during courtship and mating. During this time, males aggressively compete for females. At other times, males generally avoid each other except for aggregations of males that form while summering on land, and females with cubs avoid males, which are known for infanticide. As with sea otters, the interaction of polar bears outside of mating occurs between a female and her offspring during the 2-3 year dependency period. This interaction is critically important when altricial cubs are born in the winter den. This book provides new insight into the ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears. Each chapter reviews the discoveries of previous studies and integrates recent research using new techniques and technology. The authors also address historic and current anthropogenic challenges for their survival as climate change alters entire marine ecosystems. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Identifying and Comparing Important Areas for Marine Sustainable Use and Conservation Sofie Van Parijs, Joseph Appiott, Leslie New, Piers Dunstan , Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, 2024-05-24 The ocean is under increasing threat from the expansion of human activities. The combined impacts of these threats as well as the potential impacts of climate change and ocean acidification have placed thousands of species at risk of extinction, and have impaired the structure, function, productivity and resilience of marine ecosystems. Currently, some parts of the world's oceans are significantly impacted, yet are without any form of effective management. Only a small proportion of the oceans are within protected area systems. Globally, measures are being taken to increase protection and sustainable management, but application is uncoordinated and not always effective. In order to support effective policy action by countries and competent international and regional organizations, it is critical to build a sound understanding of the most ecologically and biologically important ocean areas that support healthy marine ecosystems so that the necessary steps to ensure the long-term function and resilience of these systems can be taken. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Subsistence Whaling James M. Savelle, Nobuhiro Kishigami, Gregory G. Monks, 2025-06-28 This book examines the past history, and contemporary status of subsistence whaling. The papers derive from a symposium ‘Aboriginal Whaling and Identity in the 21st Century’ held at the Eleventh Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies in Vienna, Austria in September 2015. Whales, especially large baleen whales, are the largest animals targeted by many societies, prehistoric or modern, and major facets of subsistence, social structure and ideology are still deeply embedded in past and current whaling lifeways. Yet there is probably no other environmental/political issue that has attracted as much attention in the late 20th and early 21st century as whaling practices and policies. Accordingly, the papers address two major themes: 1) the extent and characteristics of major prehistoric and early historic whaling activities, and 2) case studies amongst modern whaling societies, and how these societies are impacted by current political and economic realities and by the anti-whaling movement. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Wir Wale Fabian Ritter, 2025-05-14 Eine neue und einzigartige Perspektive: die Welt der Wale durch die Augen der Wale sehen und begreifen. Dazu die Lebensgeschichte eines Grönlandwals von 1799 bis heute: Wie er aufwächst und lebt, was sich in seiner und unserer Welt der letzten 200 Jahre verändert hat − Aufwendig gestaltet und liebevoll ausgestattet mit Zeichnungen und zahlreichen Farbfotografien des Autors Als Säugetiere, die ihr gesamtes Leben im Meer verbringen, sind Wale und Delfine uns ähnlicher, als vielen bewusst ist. Der leidenschaftliche Walforscher und Meeresschützer Fabian Ritter wagt mit seinem Buch einen Perspektivwechsel, der uns die faszinierenden Meeressäuger − gestützt auf neueste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse − so nahe bringt wie nie zuvor: Erzählt aus ihrer Sicht, erfahren wir, wie Wale und Delfine ihre Mitwelt wahrnehmen, welche Bedeutung Licht und Schall haben, wie sie kommunizieren, spielen, lieben, Sex haben, Freude und Trauer zeigen. Zu welchen geistigen Leistungen sie fähig sind, wie sie in Gemeinschaften Wissen weitergeben und Kultur entwickeln. Auch wie sie auf uns Menschen reagieren. Wir tauchen ein in eine unglaublich reiche Welt, die wir gewollt oder ungewollt bedrohen. Mit der faszinierenden Lebensgeschichte eines Grönlandwals, der 1799 geboren wurde und bis heute lebt. Mit zahlreichen Fotografien des Autors. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Cetacean Societies Janet Mann, 2000-06 Part review, part testament to extraordinary dedication, and part call to get involved, Cetacean Societies highlights the achievements of behavioral ecologists inspired by the challenges of cetaceans and committed to the exploration of a new world.—from the preface by Richard Wrangham Long-lived, slow to reproduce, and often hidden beneath the water's surface, whales and dolphins (cetaceans) have remained elusive subjects for scientific study even though they have fascinated humans for centuries. Until recently, much of what we knew about cetaceans came from commercial sources such as whalers and trainers for dolphin acts. Innovative research methods and persistent efforts, however, have begun to penetrate the depths to reveal tantalizing glimpses of the lives of these mammals in their natural habitats. Cetacean Societies presents the first comprehensive synthesis and review of these new studies. Groups of chapters focus on the history of cetacean behavioral research and methodology; state-of-the-art reviews of information on four of the most-studied species: bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, sperm whales, and humpback whales; and summaries of major topics, including group living, male and female reproductive strategies, communication, and conservation drawn from comparative research on a wide range of species. Written by some of the world's leading cetacean scientists, this landmark volume will benefit not just students of cetology but also researchers in other areas of behavioral and conservation ecology as well as anyone with a serious interest in the world of whales and dolphins. Contributors are Robin Baird, Phillip Clapham, Jenny Christal, Richard Connor, Janet Mann, Andrew Read, Randall Reeves, Amy Samuels, Peter Tyack, Linda Weilgart, Hal Whitehead, Randall S. Wells, and Richard Wrangham. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Model Systems in Behavioral Ecology Lee Alan Dugatkin, 2019-12-31 A key way that behavioral ecologists develop general theories of animal behavior is by studying one species or a closely related group of species--''model systems''--over a long period. This book brings together some of the field's most respected researchers to describe why they chose their systems, how they integrate theoretical, conceptual, and empirical work, lessons for the practice of the discipline, and potential avenues of future research. Their model systems encompass a wide range of animals and behavioral issues, from dung flies to sticklebacks, dolphins to African wild dogs, from foraging to aggression, territoriality to reproductive suppression. Model Systems in Behavioral Ecology offers an unprecedented ''systems'' focus and revealing insights into the confluence of personal curiosity and scientific inquiry. It will be an invaluable text for behavioral ecology courses and a helpful overview--and a preview of coming developments--for advanced researchers. The twenty-five chapters are divided into four sections: insects and arachnids, amphibians and reptiles, birds, and mammals. In addition to the editor, the contributors include Geoff A. Parker, Thomas D. Seeley, Naomi Pierce, Kern Reeve, Gerald S. Wilkinson, Bert Hölldobler and Flavio Roces, George W. Uetz, Michael J. Ryan and Gil Rosenthal, Judy Stamps, H. Carl Gerhardt, Barry Sinervo, Robert Warner, Manfred Milinski, David F. Westneat, Alan C. Kamil and Alan B. Bond, Paul Sherman, Jerram L. Brown, Anders Pape Møller, Marc Bekoff, Richard C. Connor, Joan B. Silk, Christopher Boesch, Scott Creel, A.H. Harcourt, and Tim Caro and M. J. Kelly. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Mammal Societies Tim Clutton-Brock, 2016-04-20 The book aims to integrate our understanding of mammalian societies into a novel synthesis that is relevant to behavioural ecologists, ecologists, and anthropologists. It adopts a coherent structure that deals initially with the characteristics and strategies of females, before covering those of males, cooperative societies and hominid societies. It reviews our current understanding both of the structure of societies and of the strategies of individuals; it combines coverage of relevant areas of theory with coverage of interspecific comparisons, intraspecific comparisons and experiments; it explores both evolutionary causes of different traits and their ecological consequences; and it integrates research on different groups of mammals with research on primates and humans and attempts to put research on human societies into a broader perspective. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: The Senses of Fish Gerhard von der Emde, Joachim Mogdans, B.G. Kapoor, 2012-12-06 Fish comprise more than 50% of all living vertebrates and are found in a wide range of highly diverse habitats like the deep sea, the shoreline, tide pools, tropical streams and sweetwater ponds. During evolution, the senses of fish have adapted to the physical conditions of the environment in which different species live. As a result, the senses of fish exhibit a remarkable diversity that allows different species to deal with the physical constraints imposed by their habitat. In addition, fish have evolved several `new' sensory systems that are unique to the aquatic environment. In this book, examples of adaptation and refinement are given for six sensory systems: The visual system, The auditory system, The olfactory system, The mechanosensory lateral line system, The taste system, The electrosensory system. In each case, the environmental conditions under which a particular group of fish lives are analyzed. This is followed by a description of morphology and physiology of the sensory system and by an evaluation of its perceptional capabilities. Finally, the sensory adaptations to the particular conditions that prevail in the habitat of a species are highlighted. The various examples from different groups of fish presented in this book demonstrate the impressive capability of fish sensory systems to effectively overcome physical problems imposed by the environment. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Marine Mammals Peter G.H. Evans, Juan Antonio Raga, 2012-12-06 Interest in marine mammals has increased dramatically in the last few decades, as evidenced by the number of books, scientific papers, and conferences devoted to these animals. Nowadays, a conference on marine mammals can attract between one and two thousand scientists from around the world. This upsurge of interest has resulted in a body of knowledge which, in many cases, has identified major conservation problems facing particular species. At the same time, this knowledge and the associated activities of environmental organisations have served to introduce marine mammals to a receptive public, to the extent that they are now perceived by many as the living icons of biodiversity conservation. Much of the impetus for the current interest in marine mammal conservation comes from Save the Whale campaigns started in the 1960s by environmental groups around the world, in response to declining whale populations after over-exploitation by humans. This public pressure led to an international moratorium on whaling recommended in 1972 by the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, Sweden, and eventually adopted by the International Whaling Commission ten years later. This moratorium largely holds sway to this day, and further protective measures have included the delimitation of extensive areas of the Indian Ocean (1979) and Southern Ocean (1994) as whale sanctuaries. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Foraging David W. Stephens, Joel S. Brown, Ronald C. Ydenberg, 2008-09-15 Foraging is fundamental to animal survival and reproduction, yet it is much more than a simple matter of finding food; it is a biological imperative. Animals must find and consume resources to succeed, and they make extraordinary efforts to do so. For instance, pythons rarely eat, but when they do, their meals are large—as much as 60 percent larger than their own bodies. The snake’s digestive system is normally dormant, but during digestion metabolic rates can increase fortyfold. A python digesting quietly on the forest floor has the metabolic rate of thoroughbred in a dead heat. This and related foraging processes have broad applications in ecology, cognitive science, anthropology, and conservation biology—and they can be further extrapolated in economics, neurobiology, and computer science. Foraging is the first comprehensive review of the topic in more than twenty years. A monumental undertaking, this volume brings together twenty-two experts from throughout the field to offer the latest on the mechanics of foraging, modern foraging theory, and foraging ecology. The fourteen essays cover all the relevant issues, including cognition, individual behavior, caching behavior, parental behavior, antipredator behavior, social behavior, population and community ecology, herbivory, and conservation. Considering a wide range of taxa, from birds to mammals to amphibians, Foraging will be the definitive guide to the field. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Whistle Use and Whistle Sharing by Allied Male Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus Stephanie Lynn Watwood, 2003 (Cont.) Therefore, whistles may initiate reunions between partners. This thesis demonstrates that free-ranging male dolphins use signature whistles in the same way as females and captive dolphins. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Marine Protected Areas for Whales Dolphins and Porpoises Erich Hoyt, 2012-03-29 'Erich Hoyt's handbook is an admirable, timely and highly welcome contribution.' Michael Stachowitsch, Marine Ecology What does it mean to save the whales if their habitat is left unprotected? Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises is the definitive handbook on this pressing issue and the first to bridge the gap between the disciplines of marine protected areas and cetacean conservation. It launches a new chapter in cetacean conservation with its investigation into the crucial habitat needs and protection requirements of some 84 species. The author, one of the world's foremost experts in this field, takes you around the world to investigate the promising results of the latest conservation research and the strategies for obtaining marine protected areas in coastal waters and on the high seas, using national legislation and regional and international conventions. This is an essential introduction, guide and reference work for those working to ensure a future for whales and dolphins. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Marine Mammal Biology A. Rus Hoelzel, 2009-04-01 This book provides a general introduction to the biology of marine mammals, and an overview of the adaptations that have permitted mammals to succeed in the marine environment. Each chapter, written by experts in their field, will provide an up-to-date review and present the major discoveries and innovations in the field. Important technical advances such as satellite telemetry and time-depth-recorders will be described in boxes. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Animal Camouflage Martin Stevens, Sami Merilaita, 2011-07-07 In the last decade, research on the previously dormant field of camouflage has advanced rapidly, with numerous studies challenging traditional concepts, investigating previously untested theories and incorporating a greater appreciation of the visual and cognitive systems of the observer. Using studies of both real animals and artificial systems, this book synthesises the current state of play in camouflage research and understanding. It introduces the different types of camouflage and how they work, including background matching, disruptive coloration and obliterative shading. It also demonstrates the methodologies used to study them and discusses how camouflage relates to other subjects, particularly with regard to what it can tell us about visual perception. The mixture of primary research and reviews shows students and researchers where the field currently stands and where exciting and important problems remain to be solved, illustrating how the study of camouflage is likely to progress in the future. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: Sound Use, Sequential Behavior and Ecology of Foraging Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus Douglas Paul Nowacek, 1999 Odontocetes are assumed to use echolocation for navigation and foraging, but neither of these uses of biosonar has been conclusively demonstrated in free-ranging animals. A new observation platform combining underwater acoustic recording and a remote controlled video camera suspended from a tethered airship allowed me to describe previously unreported foraging behaviors and elucidate functions for behaviors already defined but poorly understood. A single-step transition analysis beginning with prey capture and receding in time identified significant links between observed behaviors and prey capture. Ecological factors affecting the occurrence of specific behaviors and behavioral transitions include mesoscale habitat variation and individual preferences. The role of sound in foraging, especially echolocation is less well understood than the behavioral component. Acoustic recordings revealed that single animals are much more vocal than animals in groups, both overall and during foraging. For single foraging animals, the use of whistles and pops varied significantly by habitat, but echolocation occurred consistently throughout foraging sequences and across habitat types. Acoustic data were also collected with a newly developed tag that recorded all sounds produced by an individual. Low overall click and whistle rates were recorded with both occurring in bouts separated by relatively long periods of silence. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: The Cultural Lives of Whales and Dolphins Hal Whitehead, Luke Rendell, 2015 Drawing on their own research as well as scientific literature including evolutionary biology, animal behavior, ecology, anthropology, psychology and neuroscience, two cetacean biologists submerge themselves in the unique environment in which whales and dolphins live. --Publisher's description. |
| ethology and behavioral ecology of odontocetes: CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine Leslie Dierauf, Frances M.D. Gulland, 2001-06-27 CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine, Second Edition is the only handbook specifically devoted to marine mammal medicine and health. With 66 contributors working together to craft 45 scientifically-based chapters, the text has been completely revised and updated to contain all the latest developments in this field. Building upon the solid foundation of the previous edition, the contents of this book are light-years ahead of the topics presented in the first edition. See what's new in the Second Edition: Marine mammals as sentinels of ocean health Emerging and resurging diseases Thorough revision of the Immunology chapter Diagnostic imaging chapters to illustrate new techniques Quick reference for venipuncture sites in many marine mammals Unusual mortality events and mass strandings New topics such as a chapter on careers Wider scope of coverage including species outside of the United States and Canada Filled with captivating illustrations and photographs, the Handbook guides you through the natural history of cetaceans, pinnipeds, manatees, sea otters, and polar bears. Prepared in a convenient, easy-to-use format, it is designed specifically for use in the field. Covering more than 40 topics, this one-of-a-kind reference is packed with data. The comprehensive compilation of information includes medicine, surgery, pathology, physiology, husbandry, feeding and housing, with special attention to strandings and rehabilitation. The CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine, Second Edition is still a must for anyone interested in marine mammals. |
Ethology - Wikipedia
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of …
Ethology | Animal Behavior, Instincts & Communication | Britannica
Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to certain other disciplines—e.g., neuroanatomy, ecology, evolution. The ethologist is interested in the …
Ethology - Wiley Online Library
Ethology is a top international behavioral biology journal, covering physiological mechanisms, function, and evolution across all species.
Ethology (Animal Behaviour) Introduction, History
Apr 12, 2024 · Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior in natural conditions, focusing on understanding behavior as an evolutionary adaptation. The history of ethology is a fascinating …
Ethology - New World Encyclopedia
Ethology is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Ethologists take a comparative approach, studying behaviors ranging from kinship, cooperation, and parental …
Ethological Theory | Development, Evidences, Examples, Criticisms
Aug 24, 2018 · In this post, we’ll explore what ethological theory is, its development through the years, its evidences and examples, as well as the criticisms it has received. Here, also find out …
ETHOLOGY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ETHOLOGY is a branch of knowledge dealing with human character and with its formation and evolution.
What Is Ethology the Study Of? - Animal Behavior Studies
Feb 3, 2025 · Ethology studies animal behavior in the natural environment. It focuses on the direct observation of animals in their respective habitats, allowing us a deep understanding of their …
Ethology: Definition and Approaches | Zoology
Ethology is defined as the systematic and scientific study of the behaviour of animal (including human) under natural conditions. Genetics, developmental biology, anatomy, physiology, …
Ethology | Encyclopedia MDPI
Nov 9, 2022 · Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait.
Ethology - Wikipedia
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th …
Ethology | Animal Behavior, Instincts & Communication | Britannica
Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to certain other disciplines—e.g., neuroanatomy, ecology, evolution. The ethologist is interested in the behavioral …
Ethology - Wiley Online Library
Ethology is a top international behavioral biology journal, covering physiological mechanisms, function, and evolution across all species.
Ethology (Animal Behaviour) Introduction, History
Apr 12, 2024 · Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior in natural conditions, focusing on understanding behavior as an evolutionary adaptation. The history of ethology is a fascinating …
Ethology - New World Encyclopedia
Ethology is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Ethologists take a comparative approach, studying behaviors ranging from kinship, cooperation, and parental …
Ethological Theory | Development, Evidences, Examples, Criticisms
Aug 24, 2018 · In this post, we’ll explore what ethological theory is, its development through the years, its evidences and examples, as well as the criticisms it has received. Here, also find out …
ETHOLOGY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ETHOLOGY is a branch of knowledge dealing with human character and with its formation and evolution.
What Is Ethology the Study Of? - Animal Behavior Studies
Feb 3, 2025 · Ethology studies animal behavior in the natural environment. It focuses on the direct observation of animals in their respective habitats, allowing us a deep understanding of their …
Ethology: Definition and Approaches | Zoology
Ethology is defined as the systematic and scientific study of the behaviour of animal (including human) under natural conditions. Genetics, developmental biology, anatomy, physiology, …
Ethology | Encyclopedia MDPI
Nov 9, 2022 · Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait.
