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| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2009 Ernst & Young LLP Staff, 2008-12 Presents tax planning strategies and advice on mutual funds, automobile leasing, entertainment expenses, social security, and corporate taxes. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2014 Ernst & Young LLP, 2013-11-06 File your taxes with the help of an authoritative leader in the field If you wish to personally prepare your 2013 federal tax return, but seek the guidance of a trusted name in this field, look no further than the Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2014. Drawing from the tax experience and knowledge base of Ernst & Young professionals, this reliable resource not only covers how to file your federal income tax return but also provides valuable insights on how to avoid common errors and maximize your federal tax deductions. Designed in a straightforward and accessible style, the Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2014 contains essential information that will help you save time and money as you prepare your 2013 federal tax return. Throughout the book, you'll find hundreds of examples illustrating how tax laws work, as well as sample tax forms and schedules to show you how to fill out your return line by line. Includes 50 of the most commonly overlooked deductions to take into account when preparing your return Provides specific solutions in its special contents index for taxpayers in particular circumstances, including families, homeowners, investors, entrepreneurs, senior citizens, and military personnel Contains an individual tax organizer, 2014 tax calendar, and a summary of expiring provisions Provides checklists of key 2013 tax breaks and deductions you may be eligible to use Comprehensive yet direct, the Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2014 has everything you'll need to personally prepare your 2013 federal tax return. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2017 Ernst & Young LLP, 2016-11-04 Authoritative, user-friendly tax help from a global leader in tax services The EY Tax Guide 2017 is the American taxpayer's essential companion, providing the answers you need alongside trusted advice from EY professionals and turning filing your taxes into a simple process. This book brings clarity and ease to an otherwise complex process, helping you see past impenetrable regulations to maximize your return. Covering issues that the normal taxpayer encounters year-in and year-out, this world-class guidebook has been updated to align with the most recent tax law changes that are often misunderstood and typically overlooked in other guides, including a new chapter with insights on the 3.8% levy on certain investment income known as the Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT). This year's guide also includes additional insight on simplified procedures for tangible property regulations and how they affect both individuals and businesses. Situational solutions offer specific advice tailored to homeowners, self-employed entrepreneurs, business executive, and senior citizens, helping you take advantage of every savings opportunity the government offers. At-a-Glance features provide quick guidance on tax breaks and overlooked deductions, new tax laws, and how to avoid common errors so you can dip in as needed and find the answers you need quickly. The EY Tax professionals keep track of tax law so you don't have to. Their in-depth knowledge and years of experience work together to help you file your taxes correctly and on time, without leaving your hard-earned money on the table. This invaluable resource will help you: Maximize your return with tax breaks and deductions See how the law has changed since last year's filing Avoid 25 common, costly preparation errors Identify 50 most overlooked deductions Get focused guidance on your specific tax situation No need to wade through volumes of IRS rulings or indecipherable accounting jargon; top-level tax advice in accessible language is an EY specialty. Make 2017 the year of frustration-free filing, and join the ranks of happy taxpayers with the EY Tax Guide 2017. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2013 Ernst & Young LLP, 2012-11-05 File your taxes with the help of a proven leader If you wish to personally prepare your 2012 federal tax return, but seek the guidance of a trusted name in this field, look no further than the Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2013. Drawing from the tax experience and knowledge base of Ernst & Young professionals, this reliable resource not only covers how to file your federal income tax return but also provides valuable insights on how to avoid common errors and maximize your federal tax deductions. Designed in a straightforward and accessible style, the Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2013 contains essential information that will help you save time and money as you prepare your 2012 federal tax return. Throughout the book, you'll find hundreds of examples illustrating how tax laws work, as well as sample tax forms and schedules to show you how to fill out your return line by line. Includes 50 of the most commonly overlooked deductions to take into account when preparing your return Provides specific solutions in its special contents index for taxpayers in particular circumstances, including families, homeowners, investors, entrepreneurs, senior citizens, and military personnel Contains an individual tax organizer, 2013 tax calendar, and a summary of expiring provisions Provides checklists of key 2012 tax breaks and deductions you may be eligible to use Comprehensive yet direct, the Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2013 has everything you'll need to personally prepare your 2012 federal tax return. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2018 Ernst & Young LLP, 2017-11-15 Minimize your tax and maximize your 2017 return The EY Tax Guide 2018 offers professional guidance for DIY tax prep. As one of the nation's most trusted resources for tax advice, this book can help you keep more of your money while filing completely, correctly, and on time. Fully updated to reflect the latest changes to the law, this new 2018 edition cuts through impenetrable tax codes and IRS rulings to give you the answers you need quickly and easily. Whether you're a homeowner, self-employed entrepreneur, business executive, or senior citizen, you'll discover the best tax strategy for your particular situation. At-a-Glance reference sheets give you quick answers to common questions regarding new laws, breaks and deductions, and how to avoid common errors. No two tax years are alike. The laws change constantly, and even small changes can affect your return. This book cuts to the chase and tells you what's new, what it means for you, and what you can do to keep more of your money. Get up to date on changes to tax law, and how they affect you Identify breaks and deductions that can reduce your tax burden Zero in on the best tax strategy for your particular situation Find answers at a glance from globally-respected tax advisors Avoid the headaches that come with parsing IRS worksheets and documentation—EY has already done it for you! The EY Tax Guide 2018 gives you the answers you need and clarity you crave, backed by globally-trusted expertise. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: International Taxation of Manufacturing and Distribution John Abrahamson, 2016-02-18 The most thorough treatment of its subject available, this book introduces and analyses the international tax issues relating to international manufacturing and distribution activities, extending from the tax regime in the country where the manufacturing activities are located, through to regional purchase and sales companies, to the taxation of local country sales companies. The analysis includes the domestic tax laws relating to manufacturing and distribution company profits as well as international tax issues relating to income flows and the payment of dividends. Among the topics and issues analysed in depth are the following: – foreign tax credits; – taxation in the digital economy; – tax incentives; – intellectual property; – group treasury companies; – mergers and acquisitions; – leasing; – derivatives; – controlled foreign corporation provisions; – VAT and customs tariffs; – free trade agreements and customs unions; – transfer pricing; – role of tax treaties; – hedging; – related accounting issues; – deferred tax assets and liabilities; – tax risk management; – supply chain management; – depreciation allowances; and – carry-forward tax losses. The book includes descriptions of 21 country tax systems and ten detailed case studies applying the analysis to specific examples. Detailed up-to-date attention is paid to the OECD Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) and other measures against tax avoidance. As a full-scale commentary and analysis of international taxation issues for multinational manufacturing groups – including in-depth consideration of corporate structures, tax treaties, transfer pricing, and current developments – this book is without peer. It will prove of inestimable value to all accountants, lawyers, economists, financial managers, and government officials working in international trade environments. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: EY Tax Guide 2015 Ernst & Young LLP, 2014-11-03 File taxes with confidence and maximize deductions with this industry-leading guide EY Tax Guide 2015 is your solution for a streamlined filing process. Authoritative and easy to follow, this trusted guide is designed to be accessible for individuals who need help navigating these turbulent financial times, providing information that can maximize deductions and avoid mistakes. Reference tables allow for quick look-up of useful information, including changes to tax law, common errors, and tax breaks, while the Special Content index points you toward answers for homeowners, senior citizens, investors, military personnel, entrepreneurs, and more. Fully updated for 2015, this guide even provides up-to-date tips on environmental credits for green initiatives. As global leader in tax and advisory services, it's no surprise that this EY (formerly Ernst & Young) guide has been rated the #1 choice in tax prep by USA Today. Distilling complex tax information into straightforward language, this resource is essential reading for anyone preparing to file a federal income tax return. You'll find hundreds of examples illustrating how tax laws work, plus sample forms and schedules that help you fill out your return step by step. We can help you save time and money as you: Discover the 50 most commonly overlooked deductions Find specific solutions to your particular circumstances Streamline the filing process with the tax organizer and tax calendar Follow a checklist of key tax breaks you may be eligible to use Preparing your own taxes doesn't have to mean wading through tax code or missing deductions. This guide contains the insight of EY professionals, plus the tools and references that can help ease the process. The EY Tax Guide 2015 provides the information you need to file your taxes yourself, with confidence. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: EY Tax Guide 2015 Ernst & Young, 2014-10-29 Everything you need to prepare your 2014 tax return--Cover. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: EY Tax Guide 2016 Ernst & Young LLP, 2015-11-04 Maximize your 2016 tax return EY Tax Guide 2016 turns filing your taxes into a simple process. While tax code is admittedly complex, this trusted guide offers specific solutions for tax payers, including homeowners, self-employed entrepreneurs, business executives, and senior citizens, to help you zero in on the best tax strategy for your financial situation. Green tips offer updated insight into environmental credits for green initiatives that can maximize your return. Additionally, this authoritative text provides at-a-glance reference sheets for key subject areas, including changes in tax law, common errors to avoid, tax breaks and deductions, and more. If you find tax preparation an intimidating process you are not alone; however, you can simplify your taxes by turning to a trusted guide for support. The EY Tax Guide is an approachable yet authoritative resource that has acted as the go-to reference for individual taxpayers for years. With this text, you can understand the deductions you are entitled to and maximize your return. Explore the top tax preparation errors, increasing your return and protecting your wealth Consider tax strategies that are specific to your particular financial situation, tailoring your preparation approach to your needs Leverage money-saving tips and other useful information, such as insight regarding tax law changes and tax breaks Streamline the filing process with the tax organizer, and plot your preparation on the tax calendar to meet key deadlines EY Tax Guide 2016 is an integral resource that guides you in maximizing your tax return through trusted tax filing techniques. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Food Security and Social Protection for the Rural Poor in China Ling Zhu, 2017-03-27 Economic growth and its relevant subjects have been given the first priority in the research agenda since China initiated economic reforms in 1978, while the topics of social protection and gender equality have been largely left at the periphery for a long period. This book is a collection of evidence-based studies conducted mainly in poor areas of rural China during the recent two decades. Based on individual interviews and sample data analyses, this book emphasizes the importance of cooperative organizations to poverty reduction, and puts forward that gender equality is closely related with sustainable development. In addition, it addresses the issues of food security and elimination of social exclusion - the key to bridging economic divide. It also studies social protection, including basic health protection system, nutrition and healthcare for children, old age security for landless farmers and rural migrant workers. By providing first-hand accounts of different vulnerable groups, such as the poor, women, migrant workers, ethnic minorities and small farmers, this book offers valuable insights into studies of contemporary Chinese society and economy. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Irish Yearbook of International Law, Volume 7, 2012 Fiona de Londras, Siobhán Mullally, 2014-12-04 The Irish Yearbook of International Law (IYIL) supports research into Ireland's practice in international affairs and foreign policy, filling a gap in existing legal scholarship and assisting in the dissemination of Irish thinking and practice on matters of international law. On an annual basis, the Yearbook presents peer-reviewed academic articles and book reviews on general issues of international law. Designated correspondents provide reports on international law developments in Ireland, Irish practice in international bodies, Ireland and the Law of the Sea and the law of the European Union as relevant to developments in Ireland. In addition, the Yearbook reproduces key documents that reflect Irish practice on contemporary issues of international law. Publication of the Irish Yearbook of International Law makes Irish practice and opinio juris more readily available to Governments, academics and international bodies when determining the content of international law. In providing a forum for the documentation and analysis of North-South relations the Yearbook also makes an important contribution to post-conflict and transitional justice studies internationally. As a matter of editorial policy, the Yearbook seeks to promote a multilateral approach to international affairs, reflecting and reinforcing Ireland's long-standing commitment to multilateralism as a core element of foreign policy. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2017/2018 World Bank Group, 2017-10-25 The Global Investment Competitiveness report presents new insights and evidence on drivers of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries, and FDI’s role in development. The report’s survey of 750 executives of multinational corporations finds that a business-friendly legal and regulatory environment is a key driver of investment decisions in developing countries, along with political stability, security, and macroeconomic conditions. The report’s topic-specific chapters explore the potential of FDI to create new growth opportunities for local firms, assess the power of tax holidays and other fiscal incentives to attract FDI, analyze characteristics of FDI originating in developing countries, and examine the experience of foreign investors in countries affected by conflict and fragility. Three key features of this Global Investment Competitiveness report distinguish it from other publications on FDI. First, its insights are based on a combination of first-hand perspectives of investors, extensive analysis of available data and evidence, and international good practices in investment policy design and implementation. Secondly, rather than exploring broad FDI trends, the report provides detailed and unique analysis of FDI depending on its motivation, sector, geographic origin and destination, and phase of investment. Thirdly, the report offers practical and actionable recommendations to policymakers in developing countries wishing to reform their business climates for increased investment competitiveness. As such, the report is meant to complement other knowledge products of the World Bank Group focused even more explicitly on country-level data, detailed reform diagnostics, and presentation of best practices. We are confident this report will bring value and fresh perspectives to a variety of audiences. To governments and policymakers, including investment promotion professionals, the report offers direct insights into the role of government policies and actions in investors’ decision-making. To foreign investors and site location consultants, the report provides information on FDI trends and drivers across sectors and geographies. For academic audiences, the new datasets on investment incentives and FDI motivations enables opportunities for additional research and analysis. Lastly, for development assistance providers and other stakeholders, the report highlights key approaches for maximizing FDI’s benefits for development. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: China's Internal and International Migration Li Peilin, Laurence Roulleau-Berger, 2013-05-07 One consequence of China’s economic growth has been a massive increase in migration, both internal and external. Within China millions of rural workers have migrated to the cities. Outside China, many Chinese have migrated to other parts of the world, their remittances home often having a significant impact within China. Also, China’s increasing links to other parts of the world have led to a growth in migration to China, most interestingly recently migration from Africa. Based on extensive original research, this book examines a wide range of issues connected to Chinese migration. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Locational Analysis of Firms’ Activities from a Strategic Perspective Toshiharu Ishikawa, 2018-08-24 This book presents a variety of research papers on factories’ locations, city systems, and regional development. Consisting of three parts, it provides insights into the locational aspects of firms’ activities from a strategic perspective. Part 1 discusses decision-making in the context of location, specifying the motivation for firms to move their factories provided by the corporate tax system. It also presents a case study from East Asia to clarify a mechanism by which firms move factories. Part 2 addresses city systems, offering theoretical clues to understanding why city systems are important to regional economies. It also clarifies from the empirical analysis the relations between city systems and the performances of regional economies. Part 3 investigates the topic of industrial parks, demonstrating how they form a basis for establishing industrial clusters in regional economies. In addition, it examines the economic phases, such as economic disparity, generated in the process of development. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Tax Reform with the 20/20 Tax James C. Tanner, 2015-12-02 Many books have been written about tax reform, but none offer the pragmatic and understandable approach that youll find in this treatise filled with a nonpartisan set of solutions to fix an antiquated and indecipherable tax system. James C. Tanner, a certified public accountant with more than four decades of experience, explores how we can: Create a fair and logical tax framework by rethinking income exclusions, exemptions, deductions, credits, tax brackets, capital gains, and other tax alternatives; reform tax expenditures, including health insurance and medical costs, home mortgage and other interest deductions, retirement plan deductions, charitable donations, and capital gains on assets sold and transferred; lower the tax rates for most individual and corporate taxpayers while making our US companies more competitive with their foreign counterparts. Tanner also outlines how historical decisions and legislative proposals led to our current tax laws under the premise that we cant fix them without understanding why they were created in the first place. For those who want to participate in the national debate on federal tax reform, it begins with a firm understanding of the system and the practical proposals in Tax Reform with the 20/20 Tax. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Corporate Governance in Contention Ciaran Driver, Grahame Thompson, 2018 Corporate governance is a complex idea that is often inappropriately simplified as a cookbook of recommended measures to improve financial performance. Meta studies of published research show that the supposed benign effects of these measures - independent directors or highly incentivised executives - are at best context-specific. There is thus a challenge to explain the meaning, purpose, and importance of corporate governance. This volume addresses these issues. The issues discussed centre on relationships within the firm e.g. between labour, managers, and investors, and relationships outside the firm that affect consumers or the environment. The essays in this collection are the considered selection by the editors and the contributors themselves of what are seen as some of the most weighty and urgent issues that connect the corporation and society at large in developed economies with established property rights. The essays are to be read in dialogue with each other, giving a richer understanding than could be obtained by shepherding all contributions into a single mould. Nevertheless taken together they demonstrate a shared sense of deep concern that the corporate governance agenda has been and still is on the wrong track. The contributors, individually and collectively, identify in this compendium both a research programme and a platform for change. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Taxing Energy Use 2015 OECD and Selected Partner Economies OECD, 2015-06-25 This report provides a systematic analysis of the structure and level of energy taxes in OECD and selected other countries; together, they cover 80% of global energy use. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The Perils of Partnership Jonathan H. Marks, 2019-01-29 Countless public health agencies are trying to solve our most intractable public health problems -- among them, the obesity and opioid epidemics -- by partnering with corporations responsible for creating or exacerbating those problems. We are told industry must be part of the solution. But is it time to challenge the partnership paradigm and the popular narratives that sustain it? In The Perils of Partnership, Jonathan H. Marks argues that public-private partnerships and multi-stakeholder initiatives create webs of influence that undermine the integrity of public health agencies; distort public health research and policy; and reinforce the framing of public health problems and their solutions in ways that are least threatening to the commercial interests of corporate partners. We should expect multinational corporations to develop strategies of influence -- but public bodies can and should develop counter-strategies to insulate themselves from corporate influence in all its forms. Marks reviews the norms that regulate public-public interactions (separation of powers) and private-private interactions (antitrust and competition law), and argues for an analogous set of norms to govern public-private interactions. He also offers a novel framework to help public bodies identify the systemic ethical implications of their current or proposed relationships with industry actors. Marks makes a compelling case that the default public-private interaction should be at arm's length: separation, not collaboration. He calls for a new paradigm that avoids the perils of corporate influence and more effectively protects and promotes public health. The Perils of Partnership is essential reading for public health officials and policymakers -- but anyone interested in public health will recognize the urgency of this book. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: International Taxation of Energy Production and Distribution John Abrahamson, 2018-04-20 Energy is a major global industry with rapid ongoing changes in areas such as carbon taxes, emissions trading regimes, and the development of renewable energy. The cross-border nature of the industry calls for the thorough, expert, and up-to-date analysis provided in this timely and practical book. Taking a down-to-earth, problem-solving approach to policy and practice in the field worldwide, the author focuses on the international tax framework, and the tax regimes in leading energy producing and consuming countries. The book introduces and analyses significant international tax issues related to energy production and distribution, extending from the tax regime in the country where the oil, gas, or coal exploration and production activities are located, through to cross-border transportation using pipelines, tankers, and bulk carriers, to the taxation of power stations and electricity transmission and distribution networks. The taxation issues covered include the following: – upstream oil and gas and mining taxes; – incentives for renewable energy; – carbon taxes and emission trading regimes; – dividend, interest, and royalty flows; – foreign tax credits; – permanent establishments; – mergers and acquisitions; – taxation issues for derivatives and hedging; – transfer pricing; – regional purchasing, marketing, service, and intangible property structures; – free trade agreements and customs unions; – dispute resolution; and – tax administration and risk management. Detailed updates are included on the most recent international tax developments affecting the energy industry, including the OECD Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) and the 2017 OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines. Case studies offer an opportunity to apply international tax analysis to specific examples, and gain practice in identifying and discussing relevant international taxation issues. This book will be of significant value to corporate tax managers and in-house counsel, together with accountants, lawyers, economists, government officials, and academics connected with the energy industry and related international taxation issues. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: British Tax Guide , 2009 |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Oil, Gas, and Mining Peter D. Cameron, Michael C. Stanley, 2017-06-01 Oil, Gas, and Mining: A Sourcebook for Understanding the Extractive Industries provides developing countries with a technical understanding and practical options around oil, gas, and mining sector development issues. A central premise of the Sourcebook is that good technical knowledge can better inform political, economic, and social choices with respect to sector development and the related risks and opportunities. The guidance provided by the Sourcebook assumes a broad set of overarching principles, all centered on good governance and directed at achieving positive and broadly based sustainable development outcomes. This Sourcebook is rich in presenting options to challenges, on the understanding that contexts and needs vary, and that there is much to be gained from appreciating the lessons learned from a broad set of experiences. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The Ernst and Young Tax Guide 2006 Peter W. Bernstein, 2005-10 This perennial bestseller is the most user-friendly and current tax guide available to preparing your own tax return. It is the only guide that provides complete coverage of the new tax law provisions, the necessary tax forms for the upcoming season, |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Understanding Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe Wojciech Ostrowski, Eamonn Butler, 2018-04-09 The purpose of this book is to move beyond the approach which views energy as a purely geopolitical tool of the Russian state and assumes a 'one size fits all' approach to energy security in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It argues that in order to fully understand Russian involvement in the regional energy complex, the CEE-Russian energy relationship should be analysed in the context of the political and economic transitions that Russia and the CEE states underwent. The chapters on individual countries in the book demonstrate that, although Russia has and will continue to play a substantial role in the CEE energy sector, the scope of its possible influence has been overstated. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Teaching IFRS Richard M.S. Wilson, Ralph Adler, 2013-09-13 The increasing pace of global conformance towards the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) highlights the need for accounting students as well as accounting practitioners to be conversant with IFRS. Teaching IFRS offers expert descriptions of, and insights into, the IFRS convergence process from a teaching and learning perspective. Hence this book is both timely and likely to have considerable impact in providing guidance for those who teach financial reporting around the world. The contents of the book come from authoritative sources and offer something distinctive to complement the existing textbooks which typically focus on the technical aspects of IFRS and their adoption. Drawing upon the experiences of those who have sought to introduce IFRS-related classroom innovations and the associated student outcomes achieved therefrom, the book offers suggestions about how to design and deliver courses dealing with IFRS and catalogues extensive listings of IFRS-related teaching resources to support those courses. This book was originally published as a special issue of Accounting Education: An international journal. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Green Investment Climate Country Profile – Vietnam Aldo Baietti, Andrey Shlyakhtenko and Roberto La Rocca, In July 2012, the Green Infrastructure Finance Framework Report was published to address the constraints in financing green infrastructure and to develop a new PPP-based approach to accelerate investments in low emission technologies. The approach calls for assessing the “Green Investment Climate” of a given country in order to develop country-specific recommendations for policy and incentive programs as well as other measures which can be introduced in order to further promote green growth in an economy. This report includes one of the first Green Investment Country Profiles completed for the East Asia and Pacific Region as part of bringing the approach closer to operational status. The initial countries include China, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and South Korea. The assessment involves not only the green policy and incentives environment, but also the country’s overall natural resource endowment of fossil and renewable energy, its industrial development strategy in addition to general business indicators and other considerations, such as electricity prices, the capacity of the financial sector to mobilize long-term domestic financing, as well as their overall regulatory and legal capacity to implement PPPs. The country profiles provide a general understanding of the attractiveness, prevailing trends, strengths, and other aspects affecting the ability of the country to leverage its green growth potential. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Modernizing VATs in Africa Sijbren Cnossen, 2019-07-16 Most African countries are in dire need of more tax revenue. In 28 out of 45 countries with a value-added tax (VAT), total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is around 15% or less, falling short of what is necessary to finance basic human and economic development. Far from being revenue-raising instruments, current African VATs are riddled with exemptions, exclusions, and zero rates on domestic goods and services that depress revenue, are highly distortionary, and greatly complicate the administration of VAT. Modernizing VATs in Africa enables policymakers, professionals, and students to analyse African tax systems to ascertain how they can be modernized. It explains the case for VAT base-broadening over rate-increasing, arguing that exemptions and zero rates mainly accrue benefits for higher-income groups. Even more persuasively, it demonstrates that the net result of fiscal systems can be equalizing if the revenue of broad-based VATs is used to finance in-kind transfers, such as healthcare and education. VAT modernization should be used to enable governments to finance development; Modernizing VATs in Africa puts a compelling case forward for how and why this can be achieved. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Poland 2015 OECD, 2015-04-23 This report is the third OECD review of Poland’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on forestry and biodiversity, as well as waste and materials management. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Food Issues Ken Albala, 2015 The SAGE Encyclopedia of Food Issues explores the topic of food across multiple disciplines within the social sciences and related areas including business, consumerism, marketing, and environmentalism. In contrast to the existing reference works on the topic of food that tend to fall into the categories of cultural perspectives, this carefully balanced academic encyclopedia focuses on social and policy aspects of food production, safety, regulation, labeling, marketing, distribution, and consumption. A sampling of general topic areas covered includes Agriculture, Labor, Food Processing, Marketing and Advertising, Trade and Distribution, Retail and Shopping, Consumption, Food Ideologies, Food in Popular Media, Food Safety, Environment, Health, Government Policy, and Hunger and Poverty. This encyclopedia introduces students to the fascinating, and at times contentious, and ever-so-vital field involving food issues. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: A Political Economy of Free Zones in Gulf Arab States Robert Mogielnicki, 2021-04-13 This is the first book-length empirical study of free zones (FZs) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The volume systematically illustrates the development processes behind FZs in Gulf Arab states and assesses the impact of these commercial entities on regional integration, global trade and investment trends, and the Gulf’s foreign relations. In the process, the work maps how economic strategies involving FZs evolve alongside varying levels of resource availability and state capacity on a local level while also revealing how development paths in Gulf Arab states are linked to regional and global accumulation circuits. FZ development is an under-examined topic in the wider literature on the Gulf. The empirical findings and theoretical implications of the work therefore offer an original contribution to prevailing political economy discussions concerning the Gulf region. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Sustainable Governance Indicators 2009 Bertelsmann Stiftung (Gütersloh, Germany), 2009 Despite the limiting effects of growing interdependencies in a globalized world, national governments still have a considerably broad scope of action when it comes to ensuring sustainable policy outcomes. The key question is, however, to what extent governments can identify, formulate and implement effective reforms that render a society well-equipped to meet future challenges. The goal of the 'Sustainable Governance Indicators 2009' (SGI) project is to answer this question for all 30 member states of the OECD. The composite indicators used to systematically measure the need for reform and the capacity for reform in these countries will be updated biennially. The vast set of quantitative and qualitative data collected and analyzed by a network of more than 100 renowned international experts provides an unprecedented opportunity for cross-national comparative studies. This publication of the inaugural edition of the SGI includes essays on the key findings, methodology and on issues related to reform, such as the state of social justice in the OECD.--Back cover. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Der Einfluss von Steuern auf Konzernstrukturen: Eine empirische Untersuchung auf Basis europäischer Unternehmensdaten Lukas Kronen, 2015-02-01 Die getrennte Besteuerung einzelner Konzerngesellschaften richtet sich hauptsächlich nach dem nationalen Steuerrecht des jeweiligen Sitzstaates. Risiken und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten können resultieren, wenn Konzernstrukturen im Zusammenspiel mit verschiedenen nationalen Steuergesetzen, bilateralen und multilateralen Vereinbarungen sowie staatenübergreifenden Gesetzen stehen. Die einfache Annahme, dass Konzerne als wirtschaftliche Einheit mehrerer rechtlich selbstständiger Kapitalgesellschaften der Erzielung von Einkommen zur Konsumbefriedigung der Anteilseigner dienen, führt zu der in der Theorie schon lange gewonnenen Erkenntnis, dass die Vermeidung von Doppelbesteuerung und die Herbeiführung legaler Minderbesteuerung als oberste Ziele der Konzernsteuerplanung einen wichtigen Teil der Steuerung eines Konzerns ausmachen. Die Errichtung einer effizienten Konzernstruktur gehört dabei mit zu den Kernaufgaben der Konzernsteuerplanung. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet dahingehend einen Erkenntnisgewinn, ob diese theoretisch vermuteten Auswirkungen der Besteuerung auf Konzernstrukturen empirisch nachzuweisen sind und wie stark die Konzernstrukturierung von der Besteuerung getrieben wird. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The Routledge Companion to Network Industries Matthias Finger, Christian Jaag, 2015-11-19 In recent decades, network industries around the world have gone through periods of de- and re-regulation. With vast amounts of sometimes conflicting research carried out into specific network industries, the time has come for a critical over-arching assessment of this entire industry in order to provide a platform of understanding to aid future research and practice. This comprehensive resource provides an orientation for academics, policy makers and managers as to the main economic, regulatory and commercial challenges in the network industries. The book is split into sections covering market, policy, regulation, management perspectives, whilst all of the key network industries are covered, including energy, transport, water and telecommunications. Overseen by world-class Editors and experts in the field, this inter-disciplinary resource is essential reading for students and researchers in international business, industrial economics and the industries. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Ernst & Young's Personal Financial Planning Guide Ernst & Young LLP, 2001-11-01 From the vast experience of Ernst & Young LLP, the renowned leaders in financial and tax planning services, comes the completely updated Ernst & Young?s Personal Financial Planning Guide, Special Tax Edition. With the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 passed, this Special Tax Edition gives you the investment strategies and updated tools necessary to make sound financial decisions under the new tax law. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2004 Ernst & Young LLP, 2003-12-19 . . . The best tax guide of the bunch . . . -USA Today . . . Hard to Beat . . . -Money magazine The Ernst & Young Tax Guide 2004 is the most current, authoritative, and bestselling tax guide on the market. Here is the only guide that provides complete coverage of the new tax law provisions and includes essential forms for the upcoming tax season, plus the IRS's official filing instructions for these forms. Make the most of the new tax law by learning how to save on your taxes with one of America's leading tax and accounting firms, Ernst & Young LLP. SPECIAL FEATURES IN THIS YEAR'S EDITION: * How to make sense of the the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 * IRS Publication 17, Your Federal Income Tax * How to determine retirement plan contributions under the new rules * Using Coverdell ESAs and Qualified Tuition (Section 529) Programs * 50 Most Commonly Overlooked Deductions * How the continued phase-in of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 will affect your taxes today and in the years to come PLUS the always popular features: TAXSAVERS-tips to slash your taxes this year and next TAXPLANNERS-strategies to help you prepare for the upcoming year TAXALERTS-pointers on the new tax law changes that may affect you TAXORGANIZERS-reminders that help you keep track of your important tax records Over 450 of them at your fingertips! |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The Future of Petroleum in Lebanon Sami Atallah, Bassam Fattouh, 2019-09-19 What is the future of the oil and gas sector in Lebanon? Following the recent discovery of these valuable resources in the southern Mediterranean, including in the Cypriot and Israeli offshore reserves, the possibility of Lebanon also becoming a petroleum-producing country has been raised. This collection of essays addresses the major challenges and opportunities that accompany the country's hope to join the petroleum club. Covering the key policy issues - from Lebanon's susceptibility to the oil curse, to the environmental risks of production - this book brings together expert analysis to offer answers at the institutional level. Of central importance, the contributors argue, is that for Lebanon to benefit from the discovery of petroleum, it must first reform its institutions with the full support of the voting public and civil society. Combining rigorous quantitative and qualitative research, the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies has produced here an essential book that puts petroleum in Lebanon, and the important questions that come with it, within a global perspective. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The Entrepreneurial Society Niklas Elert, Magnus Henrekson, Mark Sanders, 2019-08-15 This open access book builds on the European Union’s (EU) Horizon 2020 project ‘Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial Society’ (FIRES). The authors outline how Europe can move towards more inclusive, innovative and sustainable growth through reforms that will rekindle its entrepreneurial spirit. Based on decades of research and countless discussions with stakeholders, the book also features the FIRES project’s full list of policy interventions and institutional reforms that can help policymakers make that agenda a reality. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Explaining Inequality Maurizio Franzini, Mario Pianta, 2015-12-14 Inequalities in incomes and wealth have increased in advanced countries, making our economies less dynamic, our societies more unjust and our political processes less democratic. As a result, reducing inequalities is now a major economic, social and political challenge. This book provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the economics of inequality. Until recently economic inequality has been the object of limited research efforts, attracting only modest attention in the political arena; despite important advances in the knowledge of its dimensions, a convincing understanding of the mechanisms at its roots is still lacking. This book summarizes the topic and provides an interpretation of the mechanisms responsible for increased disparities. Building on this analysis the book argues for an integrated set of policies addressing the roots of inequalities in incomes and wealth Explaining Inequality will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners concerned with inequality, economic and public policy and political economy. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Property Rights and Governance in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Chris Huggins, 2020-06-29 Disputes and dispossession of property rights in the mining sector are causes of injustice, violence, and forced resettlement around the world. This comprehensive volume examines mining, particularly what is often called ‘Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining’, from a perspective of governance and rights. It focuses on rights to land, natural resources, and other forms of material ‘property’. Many projects, policies, and laws targeting artisanal and small-scale mining are embedded in problematic conceptual and institutional frameworks that implicitly stigmatise and discipline artisanal and small-scale miners. This collection takes a critical look at notions of property to destabilise some of these frameworks. The chapters in this book are notable for their recognition of the agency of artisanal miners and ‘local communities’ within the uneven hierarchies in which they are embedded, and their acknowledgement of the difficulties of state regulation of such a complex set of issues. The authors use a variety of theoretical tools, engaging with political economy, political ecology, classical economic theory, and socio-cultural concepts derived from ethnographic methods. This book includes insightful case studies from Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Mongolia, South Africa, and Zambia, and is an important resource for academics, development practitioners, and policy-makers. It was originally published online as a special issue of Third World Thematics. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: Diversified Development Indermit S. Gill, Ivailo Izvorski, Willem van Eeghen, Donato De Rosa, 2014-02-26 Eurasian economies have to become efficient more productive, job-creating, and stable. But efficiency is not the same as diversification. Governments need to worry less about the composition of exports and production and more about asset portfolios natural resources, built capital, and economic institutions. |
| ernst and young tax guide 2009: The Ernst & Young Tax Saver's Guide , 2004 |
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