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| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Islamic and European Expansion Michael Adas, 1993-07-20 This volume of essays makes available the essential background information and methods for effective teaching and writing on cross-cultural history. The contributors--some of the most distinguished writers of global and comparative history--chart the advances in understanding in their fields of concentration, revealing both specific findings and broad patterns that have emerged. The cover image, The Arrival of the Dutch at Patane, from Theodore de Bry, India Orientals, Part VIII (Frankfurt: W. Richteri, 1607) depicts the two key phases of global history that are covered by the essays. Muslim inhabitants of the town of Patane on the Malayan peninsula warily confront a Dutch landing party whose bearing suggests that it is engaged in yet another episode in the saga of European overseas exploration and discovery. The presence of the Muslims in Malaya reflects an earlier process of expansion that saw Islamic civilization spread from Spain and Morocco in the west to the Philippines in the east in the millennium between the 7th and 17th centuries. The Dutch came by sea to an area on the coastal and island fringes of Asia, the one zone where their warships gave them a decisive edge in this era. The citizens of Patane had good reason to distrust the European intruders, since the Portuguese who had preceded the Dutch had used force whenever possible to control the formerly peaceful trade in the region and often to persecute Muslim Peoples. Author note: Michael Adas is Abraham Voorhees Professor of History at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. He is currently editor of the American Historical Association's series on Global and Comparative History and co-editor of the Cambridge University Press series on Studies in Comparative World History. He has published numerous articles and books, including most recently (with Peter Stearns and Stuart Schwartz) World Civilization: The Global Experience (1992) and Turbulent Passage: A Global History of the Twentieth Century (1993). |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800 Paolo Bernardini, Norman Fiering, 2004-01-01 Jews and Judaism played a significant role in the history of the expansion of Europe to the west as well as in the history of the economic, social, and religious development of the New World. They played an important role in the discovery, colonization, and eventually exploitation of the resources of the New World. Alone among the European peoples who came to the Americas in the colonial period, Jews were dispersed throughout the hemisphere; indeed, they were the only cohesive European ethnic or religious group that lived under both Catholic and Protestant regimes, which makes their study particularly fruitful from a comparative perspective. As distinguished from other religious or ethnic minorities, the Jewish struggle was not only against an overpowering and fierce nature but also against the political regimes that ruled over the various colonies of the Americas and often looked unfavorably upon the establishment and tleration of Jewish communities in their own territory. Jews managed to survive and occasionally to flourish against all odds, and their history in the Americas is one of the more fascinating chapters in the early modern history of European expansion. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Military Revolution in Early Modern Europe Frank Jacob, Gilmar Visoni-Alonzo, 2016-06-25 This book challenges the premise that a ‘military revolution’ prompted the major European powers to enter into an era of global hegemony during the early modern period, and suggests that this theory is not supported if we closely examine contemporary historical events. The conquests of Mexico and Peru, arguably the two most important colonial acquisitions by a European power during that era, were accomplished without the technology or tactics that are usually associated with the ‘military revolution’. On the other hand, Japan, Korea, some Indian states and the Ottoman Empire implemented military reforms, both tactical and technological, that are commonly associated with what was considered an exclusively Western approach to warfare. By comparing case studies of the Western and the non-Western world, Frank Jacob and Gilmar Visoni-Alonzo show that the concept of such a ‘military revolution’ is a myth perpetuated by a Eurocentric perspective on history. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Medieval Expansion of Europe J. R. S. Phillips, 1998 Between the year 1000 and the middle of the fourteenth century a remarkable series of events unfolded as Europeans made contact with a very substantial part of the inhabited world, much of it never previously known to or suspected by them. Leif Ericsson and other Vikings from Greenland discovered North America; European crusading armies established themselves in Syria and Palestine; Marco Polo and other Italian merchants, and missionaries such as John of Monte Corvino penetrated the dominions of the Mongol great Khans as far as China; the Vivaldi brothers sought to open a sea route to India; Jaime Ferrer was lured by dreams of locating the source of West African gold; and the Atlantic island groups, the canaries, Madeira, and the Azores, were all discovered. For this Clarendon Paperback edition, Professor Phillips has added a new Foreword and Conclusion, as well as a bibliographical essay, surveying recent work in what is becoming a thriving area of research. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Age of Reconnaissance J H Parry, 2010-12-30 The Age of Reconnaissance, as J. H. Parry so aptly named it, was the period in which Europe discovered the rest of the world. It began with Henry the Navigator and the Portuguese voyages in the mid-fifteenth century and ended 250 years later when the 'reconnaissance' was all but complete. This book is less concerned with the voyages of discovery themselves than with an analysis of the factors that made the voyages possible in the first place. Dr Parry examines the inducements - political, economic, religious - to overseas enterprises at the time, and analyses the nature and problems of the various European settlements in the new lands. At the beginning of the period central to this book, the middle of the fifteenth century, the normal educated man believed that the Ancients were more civilized, more elegant, wiser and, except in religious matters, better informed than his contemporaries. But gradually as the reconnaissance proceeded, the European picture became fuller and more detailed and with it the idea of continually expanding knowledge became more familiar and the links between science and practical life became closer. The unprecedented power which it produced would eventually lead Europe from reconnaissance to worldwide conquest. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: School Essays and Stories Writing H.D. Sharma, 2025-04-17 School Essays and Stories Writing by H.D. Sharma is a captivating and invaluable resource for students, educators, and aspiring writers alike. This comprehensive collection encompasses a rich variety of essays and stories that not only serves as an educational tool but also inspires creativity and critical thinking among young minds. In a rapidly evolving educational landscape, where effective communication is paramount, this book stands out as a beacon of guidance and a source of inspiration for those eager to improve their writing skills. The book is meticulously organized, covering an array of topics that resonate with students, from environmental issues and social responsibilities to personal anecdotes and imaginative tales. Each essay and story is crafted with clarity, enabling readers to grasp the nuances of effective writing. This is particularly beneficial for students who may struggle with expressing their thoughts coherently and creatively. H.D. Sharma’s approach makes writing accessible and engaging, empowering students to develop their own voices and perspectives. One of the most significant aspects of School Essays and Stories Writing is its emphasis on the importance of storytelling as a means of communication. Storytelling not only enriches language skills but also fosters empathy and understanding of diverse viewpoints. Through a range of themes and genres, readers are encouraged to explore their imaginations, adding depth to their writing. Whether it’s the joy of friendship, the importance of kindness, or the realities of societal challenges, Sharma’s work compels readers to dive into the world of narratives filled with emotion and insight. The essays and stories in this anthology are crafted with an understanding of the needs and interests of students. H.D. Sharma balances informative content with engaging storytelling, ensuring that each piece is not only educational but also enjoyable to read. This delicate balance nurtures a love for writing in students and cultivates a lifelong appreciation for literature. Moreover, the book serves as a practical guide, providing useful writing techniques and tips for students preparing for examinations. It addresses common challenges faced by young writers, such as organizing thoughts, developing themes, and refining their writing styles. The accessible language and relatable content make it a user-friendly companion for students at various academic levels, whether they are in primary or secondary school. In a world where effective writing skills can significantly influence academic success and future career prospects, School Essays and Stories Writing emerges as a crucial resource. H.D. Sharma equips students not only with the tools necessary for academic achievement but also with the confidence to express themselves articulately. This book serves as an inspiring backdrop for students' writing journeys, encouraging them to create their own compelling narratives and essays. Join the adventure of creativity and expression with H.D. Sharma's School Essays and Stories Writing. Open the pages and discover a world where imagination meets skill, and every essay and story can be a stepping stone towards becoming a proficient writer and storyteller. Embrace the joy of writing, and let your thoughts flow with confidence and creativity! |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Empires of the Weak J. C. Sharman, 2020-11-10 What accounts for the rise of the state, the creation of the first global system, and the dominance of the West? The conventional answer asserts that superior technology, tactics, and institutions forged by Darwinian military competition gave Europeans a decisive advantage in war over other civilizations from 1500 onward. In contrast, Empires of the Weak argues that Europeans actually had no general military superiority in the early modern era. J. C. Sharman shows instead that European expansion from the late fifteenth to the late eighteenth centuries is better explained by deference to strong Asian and African polities, disease in the Americas, and maritime supremacy earned by default because local land-oriented polities were largely indifferent to war and trade at sea. Europeans were overawed by the mighty Eastern empires of the day, which pioneered key military innovations and were the greatest early modern conquerors. Against the view that the Europeans won for all time, Sharman contends that the imperialism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a relatively transient and anomalous development in world politics that concluded with Western losses in various insurgencies. If the twenty-first century is to be dominated by non-Western powers like China, this represents a return to the norm for the modern era. Bringing a revisionist perspective to the idea that Europe ruled the world due to military dominance, Empires of the Weak demonstrates that the rise of the West was an exception in the prevailing world order. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Seventeenth Century; Europe in Ferment Alanson Lloyd Moote, 1970 Our own age of upheaval raises new questions about past changes. The present volume therefore offers a major, new examination of seventeenth-century Europe and its weakening tradition. Balancing fact with fresh interpretation, the author explores all aspects of this age - political, scientific, religious, philosophical, economic, social, and artistic. The book is concerned with all of Europe - major powers as well as lesser states, whose characteristics shed light on the problems and traits of the big nations. Arranged chronologically within topics, this treatment stresses similarities and differences between states, describes their unique characteristics, and shows basic changes from one epoch to another within the century. At the same time, Europe is viewed as a whole within a single period. All aspects of the century are unified by a single theme: the seventeenth century was a time of tensions caused by a weakening in traditional bonds and beliefs (political - international, economic-social, and intellectual-cultural). The background of this crises, the responses it aroused, and the attempts of seventeenth-century Europeans to synthesize old and new ideas are all carefully explored and evaluated. Based on recent, scholarly research, the text is an extensive, analytical study designed to make a previous age of ferment understandable to today's student. -- Publisher. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia Silvio A. Beding, 2016-02-08 The European discovery of the Americas in 1492 was one of the most important events of the Renaissance, and with it Christopher Columbus changed the course of world history. Now, five hundred years later, this 2-volume reference work will chart new courses in the study and understanding of Columbus and the Age of Discovery. Much more than an account of the man and his voyages, The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia is a complete A-Z look at the world during this momentous era. In two volumes, The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia contains more than 350 signed original articles ranging from 250 to more than 10,000 words, written by nearly 150 contributors from around the world. The work includes cross-references, bibliographies for each article, and a comprehensive index. The work is fully illustrated, with hundreds of maps, drawings and photographs. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: A History of the World in 100 Objects Neil MacGregor, 2011-10-06 This book takes a dramatically original approach to the history of humanity, using objects which previous civilisations have left behind them, often accidentally, as prisms through which we can explore past worlds and the lives of the men and women who lived in them. The book's range is enormous. It begins with one of the earliest surviving objects made by human hands, a chopping tool from the Olduvai gorge in Africa, and ends with an object from the 21st century which represents the world we live in today. Neil MacGregor's aim is not simply to describe these remarkable things, but to show us their significance - how a stone pillar tells us about a great Indian emperor preaching tolerance to his people, how Spanish pieces of eight tell us about the beginning of a global currency or how an early Victorian tea-set tells us about the impact of empire. Each chapter immerses the reader in a past civilisation accompanied by an exceptionally well-informed guide. Seen through this lens, history is a kaleidoscope - shifting, interconnected, constantly surprising, and shaping our world today in ways that most of us have never imagined. An intellectual and visual feast, it is one of the most engrossing and unusual history books published in years. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The British in the Americas 1480-1815 Anthony Mcfarlane, 2014-07-15 Of northern European nations, the British had the greatest impact on the Americas. Their history there embraces far more than the colonies that became the United States: England had been in the New World for a century before those colonies were established, and the British presence long outlived their loss. This integrated account of that involvement spans the entire arc of British territories from the Caribbean to Canada, and the entire period from the first appearance of the English to the disintegration of the British and other Euro-American empires. A fascinating story, engrossingly told, it fills a major gap in current historiography. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Expansion of Europe: Motives, Methods, and Meanings De Lamar Jensen, 1967 |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Unlock Your Word Power : Have English At Your Finger Tips : Mastering English/Handbook of Communication Skills & English Grammar/School Paragraph Writing PRAMOD K CHAUDHARI,ARVIND SHAH,HARISH DUTT SHARMA, 2022-09-22 Unlock Your Word Power: Have English at Your Fingertips by Pramod K Chaudhari; Arvind Shah; Harish Dutt Sharma: This empowering book is a comprehensive resource to unlock your word power and master the English language. It equips readers with the necessary tools to have a strong command of English, covering essential communication skills, grammar, and paragraph writing. Whether you're a student, professional, or language enthusiast, this book provides practical guidance to excel in English communication. Key Aspects of the Book Unlock Your Word Power: Have English at Your Fingertips: Mastering English: Pramod K Chaudhari's book focuses on mastering the English language, encompassing vocabulary enrichment, grammar rules, and effective communication strategies. Handbook of Communication Skills & English Grammar: Arvind Shah's contribution offers a comprehensive guide to developing strong communication skills, emphasizing the importance of effective expression and understanding English grammar rules. School Paragraph Writing: Harish Dutt Sharma's section caters specifically to students, providing essential guidance on crafting well-structured and coherent paragraphs for academic excellence. Pramod K Chaudhari is a prominent linguist and educator, renowned for his expertise in language teaching. With a deep passion for language development, his book aims to help readers unlock their word power and communicate effectively in English. Arvind Shah is an accomplished communication expert and language coach. His dedication to helping individuals improve their communication skills and grasp English grammar is evident in his contribution to the book. Harish Dutt Sharma is a seasoned educator with a specialization in language and writing. Through his section on school paragraph writing, he strives to empower students with the necessary writing skills to excel academically and beyond. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Reformations Carlos M. N. Eire, 2016-06-28 This fast-paced survey of Western civilization’s transition from the Middle Ages to modernity brings that tumultuous period vividly to life. Carlos Eire, popular professor and gifted writer, chronicles the two-hundred-year era of the Renaissance and Reformation with particular attention to issues that persist as concerns in the present day. Eire connects the Protestant and Catholic Reformations in new and profound ways, and he demonstrates convincingly that this crucial turning point in history not only affected people long gone, but continues to shape our world and define who we are today. The book focuses on the vast changes that took place in Western civilization between 1450 and 1650, from Gutenberg’s printing press and the subsequent revolution in the spread of ideas to the close of the Thirty Years’ War. Eire devotes equal attention to the various Protestant traditions and churches as well as to Catholicism, skepticism, and secularism, and he takes into account the expansion of European culture and religion into other lands, particularly the Americas and Asia. He also underscores how changes in religion transformed the Western secular world. A book created with students and nonspecialists in mind, Reformations is an inspiring, provocative volume for any reader who is curious about the role of ideas and beliefs in history. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: A Past of Possibilities Quentin Deluermoz, Pierre Singaravelou, 2021-10-12 An exploration of hypothetical turning points in history from Ancient Greece to September 11 What if history, as we know it, had run another course? Touching on alternate histories of the future and the past, or uchronias, A Past of Possibilities encourages deeper consideration of watershed moments in the course of history. Wide-ranging in scope, it examines the Boxer Rebellion in China, the 1848 revolution in France, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, and integrates science fiction, history, historiography, sociology, anthropology, and film. In probing the genre of literature and history that is fascinated with hypotheticals surrounding key points in history, Quentin Deluermoz and Pierre Singaravélou reach beyond a mere reimagining of history, exploring the limits and potentials of the futures past. From the most bizarre fiction to serious scientific hypothesis, they provide a survey of the uses of counterfactual histories, methodological issues on the possible in Social Sciences, and practical proposals for using alternate histories in research and the wider public. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: New Perspectives on Historical Writing Peter Burke, 2001-01-01 A new edition of this best-selling collection of essays by leading experts on historical methodology. Since its first publication in 1992, New Perspectives on Historical Writing has become a key reference work used by students and researchers interested in the most important developments in the methodology and practice of history. For this new edition, the book has been thoroughly revised and updated and includes an entirely new chapter on environmental history. Peter Burke is joined here by a distinguished group of internationally renowned historians, including Robert Darnton, Ivan Gaskell, Richard Grove, Giovanni Levi, Roy Porter, Gwyn Prins, Joan Scott, Jim Sharpe, Richard Tuck, and Henk Wesseling. The contributions examine a wide range of interdisciplinary areas of historical research, including women's history, history &from below,& the history of reading, oral history, the history of the body, microhistory, the history of events, the history of images, and political history. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Europe and the World, 1650-1830 Professor Jeremy Black, Jeremy Black, 2013-10-08 Europe and the World, 1650-1830 is an important thematic study of the first age of globalisation. It surveys the interaction of Europe, Europe's growing colonies and other major global powers, such as the Ottoman Empire, China, India and Japan. Focusing on Europe's impact on the world, Jeremy Black analyses European attitudes, exploration, trade and acquisition of knowledge. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: A Cultural History of Work in the Early Modern Age Bert De Munck, Thomas Max Safley, 2020-09-17 Winner of the 2020 PROSE Award for Multivolume Reference/Humanities In the early modern age technological innovations were unimportant relative to political and social transformations. The size of the workforce and the number of wage dependent people increased, due in large part to population growth, but also as a result of changes in the organization of work. The diversity of workplaces in many significant economic sectors was on the rise in the 16th-century: family farming, urban crafts and trades, and large enterprises in mining, printing and shipbuilding. Moreover, the increasing influence of global commerce, as accompanied by local and regional specialization, prompted an increased reliance on forms of under-compensated and non-compensated work which were integral to economic growth. Economic volatility swelled the ranks of the mobile poor, who moved along Europe's roads seeking sustenance, and the endemic warfare of the period prompted young men to sign on as soldiers and sailors. Colonists migrated to Europe's territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia, while others were forced overseas as servants, convicts or slaves. The early modern age proved to be a “renaissance” in the political, social and cultural contexts of work which set the stage for the technological developments to come. A Cultural History of Work in the Early Modern Age presents an overview of the period with essays on economies, representations of work, workplaces, work cultures, technology, mobility, society, politics and leisure. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Asia in Western and World History Ainslie Thomas Embree, Carol Gluck, 1997 This comprehensive volume provides teachers and students with broad and stimulating perspectives on Asian history and its place in world and Western history. Essays by over forty leading scholars suggest many new ways of incorporating Asian history, from ancient to modern times, into core curriculum history courses. Now featuring Suggested Resources for Maps to Be Used in Conjunction with Asia in Western and World History. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Waging War Wayne E. Lee, 2016 Waging War: Conflict, Culture, and Innovation in World History provides a wide-ranging examination of war in human history, from the beginning of the species until the current rise of the so-called Islamic State. Although it covers many societies throughout time, the book does not attempt to tell all stories from all places, nor does it try to narrate important conflicts. Instead, author Wayne E. Lee describes the emergence of military innovations and systems, examining how they were created and then how they moved or affected other societies. These innovations are central to most historical narratives, including the development of social complexity, the rise of the state, the role of the steppe horseman, the spread of gunpowder, the rise of the west, the bureaucratization of military institutions, the industrial revolution and the rise of firepower, strategic bombing and nuclear weapons, and the creation of people's war. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Categorical Impulse Roy Ellen, 2008-03-01 Classification, as an object of recent anthropological scrutiny came to prominence during the 1960s, exemplified in the British (constructionist) tradition by the writings of Mary Douglas, and in the American ethno-semantics (cognitive) tradition by the likes of Harold Conklin and Brent Berlin. At the time, these approaches seemed by turns to contradict each other, or even to exist in parallel universes. However, over the last 30 years we have witnessed both a renewed interest in classification studies as well as a cross-fertilization of these once antagonistic approaches. These essays by one of leading scholars in this field bring together a body of influential and inter-linked work which attempts to bridge the divide between cultural and cognitive studies of classification, and which develops a more embedded and processual approach. In particular, the essays focus on people’s categorization of natural kinds as a means through which to obtain an understanding of how classifying behavior in general works, engaging with the ideas of both anthropologists and psychologists. The theoretical background is set out in an entirely new and substantial introduction, which also provides a comprehensive and systematic review of developments in cognitive and social anthropology since 1960 as these have impacted on classification studies. In short, it constitutes a useful and approachable introduction to its subject. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Modern World-System I Immanuel Wallerstein, 2011-06-10 Immanuel Wallerstein’s highly influential, multi-volume opus, The Modern World-System, is one of this century’s greatest works of social science. An innovative, panoramic reinterpretation of global history, it traces the emergence and development of the modern world from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Early Modern European History, C.1492-1788 , 1983 |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Nomadic Object Christine Göttler, Mia Mochizuki, 2017-11-06 At the turn of the sixteenth century, the notion of world was dramatically being reshaped, leaving no aspect of human experience untouched. The Nomadic Object: The Challenge of World for Early Modern Religious Art examines how sacred art and artefacts responded to the demands of a world stage in the age of reform. Essays by leading scholars explore how religious objects resulting from cross-cultural contact defied national and confessional categories and were re-contextualised in a global framework via their collection, exchange, production, management, and circulation. In dialogue with current discourses, papers address issues of idolatry, translation, materiality, value, and the agency of networks. The Nomadic Object demonstrates the significance of religious systems, from overseas logistics to philosophical underpinnings, for a global art history. Contributors are: Akira Akiyama, James Clifton, Jeffrey L. Collins, Ralph Dekoninck, Dagmar Eichberger, Beate Fricke, Christine Göttler, Christiane Hille, Margit Kern, Dipti Khera, Yoriko Kobayashi-Sato, Urte Krass, Evonne Levy, Meredith Martin, Walter S. Melion, Mia M. Mochizuki, Jeanette Favrot Peterson, Rose Marie San Juan, Denise-Marie Teece, Tristan Weddigen, and Ines G. Županov. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: European War and Diplomacy, 1337-1815 William Young, 2003-10 The history of international relations and warfare of early modern Europe has gained popularity in recent years. This bibliography provides a valuable listing of books, dissertations, and journal articles in the English language for scholars and general readers interested in diplomatic relations and warfare from the Hundred Years' War to the Napoleonic Wars. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Bulliet the Earth and Its Peoples Volume Two, Third Edition with Handbook Bulliet, 2005-11 |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Encyclopedia of the Atlantic World, 1400–1900 David Head, 2017-11-16 A first-of-its-kind reference resource traces the interactions among four Atlantic-facing continents—Europe, Africa, and the Americas (including the Caribbean)—between 1400 and 1900. Until recently, the age of exploration and empire building was researched and taught within imperial and national boundaries. The histories of Europe, Africa, North America, and South America were told largely as independent stories, with the development of individual places within each continent further separated from each other. The indigenous populations of places colonized by Europeans fit into the history even more uneasily, often mentioned only in passing. Encyclopedia of the Atlantic World, 1400–1900 synthesizes a generation of historical scholarship on the events on four continents, providing readers an invaluable introduction to the major people, places, events, movements, objects, concepts, and commodities of the Atlantic world as it developed during a key period in history when the world first started to shrink. The entries discuss specific topics with an eye toward showing how individual items, people, and events were connected to the larger Atlantic world. This accessibly written reference book brings together topics usually treated separately and discretely, alleviating the need for extra legwork when researching, and it draws from the latest research to make a vast body of scholarship about seemingly far-flung places available to readers new to the field. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Guns and Men in Medieval Europe, 1200-1500 Kelly DeVries, 2024-10-28 These articles are devoted to the two main aspects of medieval warfare: men and technology. Men fought, led, and ultimately killed in war, while the technology that they used facilitated these tasks. The first group of essays highlights human strengths in the fighting of medieval wars, with a focus on events of the 14th and 15th centuries, specifically the Anglo-French wars and wars against the Turks. A second group addresses the technological side of warfare, in particular the advent and proliferation of early gunpowder weapons which evolved rapidly during the late Middle Ages, although never replacing the role of men. The articles study various facets of this evolution, from the increased use and effectiveness of guns in battles, sieges, and naval warfare, to changes in their science and metallurgy, surgical treatment of wounds caused by them, and governmental centralization of the technology. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Mutual Encounter of East and West, 1492-1992 Peter Milward, 1992 |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America: Volume 1, The Colonial Era and the Short Nineteenth Century V. Bulmer-Thomas, John Coatsworth, Roberto Cortes-Conde, 2006 An indispensable reference work for anyone interested in Latin America's economic development. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Archibald Liversidge, FRS Roy MacLeod, 2009-12-14 When Archibald Liversidge first arrived at Sydney University in 1872 as reader in geology and assistant in the laboratory he had about ten students and two rooms in the main building. In 1874 he became professor of geology and mineralogy and by 1879 he had persuaded the senate to open a faculty of science. He became its first dean in 1882. Liversidge also played a major role in the setting up of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science which held its first congress in 1888. For anyone interested in Archibald Liversidge, his contribution to crystallography, mineral chemistry, chemical geology, strategic minerals policy and a wider field of colonial science. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: Which University , 1975 |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Frontiers of Mission Alison Forrestal, Seán Alexander Smith, 2016-08-22 In exploring the shifting realities of missionary experience during the course of imperialist ventures and the Catholic Reformation, The Frontiers of Mission: Perspectives on Early Modern Missionary Catholicism provides a fresh assessment of the challenges that the Catholic church encountered at the frontiers of mission in the early modern era. Bringing together leading international scholars, the volume tests the assumption that uniformity and co-ordination governed early modern missionary enterprise, and examines the effects of distance and de-centering on a variety of missionaries and religious orders. Its essays focus squarely on the experiences of the missionaries themselves to offer a nuanced consideration of the meaning of ‘missionary Catholicism’, and its evolving relationship with newly discovered cultures and political and ecclesiastical authorities. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: From Antiquity to the Enlightenment John P. McKay, Bennett D. Hill, John Buckler, 1999 |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Social Life of Trees Laura Rival, 2021-03-10 The passionate response of the British public to the Newbury Bypass is a revealing measure of how strongly people feel about trees and the environment. Similarly, in the United States, the giant sequoia of California is an enduring national symbol that inspires intense feelings. As rainforests are sacrificed to the interests of multi-national corporations and traditional ways of life disappear, the status of forests, the cultural significance of trees, and the impact of conservation policies are subjects that have inspired intense engagement. Why do people feel so strongly about trees? With this explosion of interest in environmental issues, a serious study of what trees mean to people has long been overdue. This interdisciplinary book responds to this need by providing the first cross-cultural analysis of tree symbolism. Drawing on rich case studies, contributors explore the processes through which trees are used as metaphors of identity and continuity. Political struggles over forest resources feature prominently, and the perceptions of trees in various cultures provide telling insights into the ways in which human societies conceptualize nature.As well as being a major contribution to the field of symbolic anthropology, this comprehensive study will be essential reading for students in a wide range of courses and for anyone with a keen interest in the politics of ecology, the occult and neo-paganism, and the history and sociology of environmentalism in its widest sense. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: States and Social Revolutions Theda Skocpol, 2015-09-29 State structures, international forces, and class relations: Theda Skocpol shows how all three combine to explain the origins and accomplishments of social-revolutionary transformations. Social revolutions have been rare but undeniably of enormous importance in modern world history. States and Social Revolutions provides a new frame of reference for analyzing the causes, the conflicts, and the outcomes of such revolutions. It develops a rigorous, comparative historical analysis of three major cases: the French Revolution of 1787 through the early 1800s, the Russian Revolution of 1917 through the 1930s, and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 through the 1960s. Believing that existing theories of revolution, both Marxist and non-Marxist, are inadequate to explain the actual historical patterns of revolutions, Skocpol urges us to adopt fresh perspectives. Above all, she maintains that states conceived as administrative and coercive organizations potentially autonomous from class controls and interests must be made central to explanations of revolutions. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: A History of Western Society John P. McKay, Bennett D. Hill, John Buckler, 2006 A bestseller in its field, A History of Western Society examines the lives of both historical figures and ordinary people, using an engaging, lively writing style to capture and maintain student interest. The authors pay careful attention to political and cultural phenomena, providing a balanced account of Western history as a whole.In addition to its emphasis on social history, the Eighth Edition retains the text's hallmark pedagogical features and visual appeal. In order to promote critical thinking, Listening to the Past features present primary source documents and Questions for Analysis that reinforce themes in social history. Individuals in Society biography features focus on the impact of historical events on an individual or group and explain the actions taken by those people. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: From the 1400s Perry, 2003-02 This survey text presents the Western intellectual tradition within a chronology of political history. Known for its accessible writing style, Western Civilization appeals to students and instructors alike for its brevity, clarity, and careful selection of content. New technology resources, including Houghton Mifflin's Eduspace course management system, make learning more engaging and instruction more efficient.In the Eighth Edition, several new pedagogical features support students throughout the term. Chapter-opening focus questions direct students to important themes, while a glossary reinforces key terms and concepts. New icons in the text direct students to online resources such as maps, primary sources, and practice test questions. In addition, the new edition retains many popular features, including comparative timelines, full-color maps with physical geography essays, and primary source excerpts. |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: European Economic History Shepard Bancroft Clough, Richard T. Rapp, 1975 |
| european expansion between 1450 and 1650: The Globalization of Renaissance Art Daniel Savoy, 2017-12-11 In The Globalization of Renaissance Art: A Critical Review, Daniel Savoy assembles an interdisciplinary group of scholars to evaluate the global discourse on early modern European art. Over the course of eleven chapters and a roundtable, the contributors assess the discourse’s goal of transcending Eurocentric boundaries, reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of current terms, methods, theories, and concepts. Although it is clear that the global perspective has exposed the artistic and cultural pluralism of early modern Europe, it is found that more work needs to be done at the epistemological level of art history as a whole. Contributors: Claire Farago, Elizabeth Horodowich, Lauren Jacobi, Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann, Jessica Keating, Stephanie Leitch, Emanuele Lugli, Lia Markey, Sean Roberts, Ananda Cohen-Aponte, and Marie Neil Wolff. |
Europe - Wikipedia
The European Union, a political entity composed of 27 European states, comprises the largest single economic area in the world. Nineteen EU countries share the euro as a common …
Your gateway to the EU, News, Highlights | European Union
Jun 6, 2025 · European Union priorities 2024-2029 Discover the EU’s priorities for 2024-2029, promoting a free and democratic Europe, developing a strong and secure Europe, establishing …
Europe | History, Countries, Map, & Facts | Britannica
3 days ago · Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, …
Map of Europe | List of Countries of Europe Alphabetically - World …
Europe is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the …
Europe Map / Map of Europe - Facts, Geography, History of ... - WorldAtlas
The European continent, bordered by numerous bodies of water, is separated from Asia by Russia's Ural Mountains and by the Caspian and Black Seas. It is separated from Africa by the …
The 49 European Countries (And Why Some Sources Say 50+)
May 26, 2025 · A list of the European countries in alphabetical order. Discover the sovereign nations, regions, and members of the UN and EU.
Europe - World History Encyclopedia
Jun 9, 2023 · The Age of Exploration established European culture in the so-called New World between 1492-1620 with greater numbers of colonists arriving up through 1720 and even more …
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European Union (EU): What It Is, Countries, History, Purpose - Investopedia
Dec 14, 2023 · The EU is a powerful alliance of 27 European countries that promotes democratic values among its members. It serves to faciliate political and economic integration throughout …
Europe - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The European city with the largest population is Istanbul. The country with the largest population is the Russian Federation. About 15% of Europeans live in Russia. Two European countries, …
Europe - Wikipedia
The European Union, a political entity composed of 27 European states, comprises the largest single economic area in the world. Nineteen EU countries share the euro as a common currency. Four …
Your gateway to the EU, News, Highlights | European Union
Jun 6, 2025 · European Union priorities 2024-2029 Discover the EU’s priorities for 2024-2029, promoting a free and democratic Europe, developing a strong and secure Europe, establishing a …
Europe | History, Countries, Map, & Facts | Britannica
3 days ago · Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while …
Map of Europe | List of Countries of Europe Alphabetically - World …
Europe is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east, …
Europe Map / Map of Europe - Facts, Geography, History of ... - WorldAtlas
The European continent, bordered by numerous bodies of water, is separated from Asia by Russia's Ural Mountains and by the Caspian and Black Seas. It is separated from Africa by the …
The 49 European Countries (And Why Some Sources Say 50+)
May 26, 2025 · A list of the European countries in alphabetical order. Discover the sovereign nations, regions, and members of the UN and EU.
Europe - World History Encyclopedia
Jun 9, 2023 · The Age of Exploration established European culture in the so-called New World between 1492-1620 with greater numbers of colonists arriving up through 1720 and even more …
Lititz Pike Waxing - European Wax Center - Lancaster, PA
European Wax Center in Lancaster reveals smooth, radiant skin with expert waxing treatments. Reserve today and get your first Lancaster – Lititz Pike waxing free!
European Union (EU): What It Is, Countries, History, Purpose - Investopedia
Dec 14, 2023 · The EU is a powerful alliance of 27 European countries that promotes democratic values among its members. It serves to faciliate political and economic integration throughout the …
Europe - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The European city with the largest population is Istanbul. The country with the largest population is the Russian Federation. About 15% of Europeans live in Russia. Two European countries, the …
