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| explain the sliding filament theory: Anatomy & Physiology Lindsay Biga, Devon Quick, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Jon Runyeon, 2019-09-26 A version of the OpenStax text |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience Marc D. Binder, Nobutaka Hirokawa, Uwe Windhorst, 2008-10-13 This 5000-page masterwork is literally the last word on the topic and will be an essential resource for many. Unique in its breadth and detail, this encyclopedia offers a comprehensive and highly readable guide to a complex and fast-expanding field. The five-volume reference work gathers more than 10,000 entries, including in-depth essays by internationally known experts, and short keynotes explaining essential terms and phrases. In addition, expert editors contribute detailed introductory chapters to each of 43 topic fields ranging from the fundamentals of neuroscience to fascinating developments in the new, inter-disciplinary fields of Computational Neuroscience and Neurophilosophy. Some 1,000 multi-color illustrations enhance and expand the writings. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Mechanism of Muscular Contraction Jack A. Rall, 2014-10-21 This book describes the evolution of ideas relating to the mechanism of muscular contraction since the discovery of sliding filaments in 1954. An amazing variety of experimental techniques have been employed to investigate the mechanism of muscular contraction and relaxation. Some background of these various techniques is presented in order to gain a fuller appreciation of their strengths and weaknesses. Controversies in the muscle field are discussed along with some missed opportunities and false trails. The pathway to ATP and the high energy phosphate bond will be discussed, as well as the discovery of myosin, contraction coupling and the emergence of cell and molecular biology in the muscle field. Numerous figures from original papers are also included for readers to see the data that led to important conclusions. This book is published on behalf of the American Physiological Society by Springer. Access to APS books published with Springer is free to APS members. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky, Boris I. Prilutsky, 2012-04-10 Richly illustrated and presented in clear, concise language, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is an essential resource for those seeking advanced knowledge of muscle biomechanics. Written by leading experts Vladimir Zatsiorsky and Boris Prilutsky, the text is one of the few to look at muscle biomechanics in its entirety—from muscle fibers to muscle coordination—making it a unique contribution to the field. Using a blend of experimental evidence and mechanical models, Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles provides an explanation of whole muscle biomechanics at work in the body in motion. The book first addresses the mechanical behavior of single muscles—from the sarcomere level up to the entire muscle. The architecture of human muscle, the mechanical properties of tendons and passive muscles, the biomechanics of active muscles, and the force transmission and shock absorption aspects of muscle are explored in detail. Next, the various issues of muscle functioning during human motion are addressed. The transformation from muscle force to joint movements, two-joint muscle function, eccentric muscle action, and muscle coordination are analyzed. This advanced text assumes some knowledge of algebra and calculus; however, the emphasis is on understanding physical concepts. Higher-level computational descriptions are placed in special sections in the later chapters of the book, allowing those with a strong mathematical background to explore this material in more detail. Readers who choose to skip over these sections will find that the book still provides a strong conceptual understanding of advanced topics. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles also contains numerous special features that facilitate readers’ comprehension of the topics presented. More than 300 illustrations and accompanying explanations provide an extensive visual representation of muscle biomechanics. Refresher sidebars offer brief reminders of mathematical and biomechanical concepts, and From the Literature sidebars present practical examples that illustrate the concepts under discussion. Chapter summaries and review questions provide an opportunity for reflection and self-testing, and reference lists at the end of each chapter provide a starting point for further study. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles offers a thorough explanation of whole muscle biomechanics, bridging the gap between foundational biomechanics texts and scientific literature. With the information found in this text, readers can prepare themselves to better understand the latest in cutting-edge research. Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles is the third volume in the Biomechanics of Human Motion series. Advanced readers in human movement science gain a comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics of human motion as presented by one of the world’s foremost researchers on the subject, Dr. Vladimir Zatsiorsky. The series begins with Kinematics of Human Motion, which details human body positioning and movement in three dimensions; continues with Kinetics of Human Motion, which examines the forces that create body motion and their effects; and concludes with Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles, which explains the action of the biological motors that exert force and produce mechanical work during human movement. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: An Introduction to Smooth Muscle Mechanics (2nd Edition) Chun Y. Seow, 2020-11-13 This second edition is an updated version of an introductory level textbook intended for students who are interested in understanding the mechanical properties of smooth muscle. Compared with skeletal and cardiac muscles, smooth muscle is the least understood in terms of its contraction mechanism and the structure of its contractile apparatus. Nevertheless, it is an important tissue that is vital in many organ functions, such as blood pressure control, intestinal peristalsis, and the emptying of the bladder. Dysfunction of the muscle has been implicated in many diseases such as high blood pressure, asthma, and overactive bladders. This is the only book-length treatment of functional models of a variety of smooth muscle behaviors with their corresponding mathematical descriptions, and offers an easy-to-follow, step-by-step mathematical derivation that will help students to appreciate the muscle cell as a fine-tuned aggregate of mechanisms governed by the fundamental laws of physics. In addition to providing a detailed description of the known subcellular structure and mechanical function of the contractile apparatus of smooth muscle, it also covers experimentation techniques, instrumentation, and data analysis. The book is a must-have information source for anyone interested in smooth muscle cell ultrastructure, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Skeletal Muscle Mechanics W. Herzog, 2000-10-03 Skeletal Muscle Mechanics: From Mechanisms to Function summarises the variety of approaches used by today's scientist to understand muscle function and the mechanisms of contraction. This book contains research by leading scientists from numerous fields using many different scientific techniques. Topics covered include: * Cellular and molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle contraction * Historical perspective of muscle research * The newest developments in techniques for the determination of the mechanical properties of single cross-bridges * Theoretical modelling of muscle contraction and force production * Multifaceted approaches to determine the in vivo function of skeletal muscle This state-of-the-art account is written by internationally recognised authors and will be a valuable resource to researchers of biomechanics in sports science and exercise physiology. I expect this book to be excellent and timely. Professor R. McNeill Alexander FRS, School of Biology, University of Leeds, UK |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle George B. Frank, C. Paul Bianchi, Henk Keurs, 2012-12-06 The Third International Symposium on Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, organized by George Frank, C. Paul Bianchi, and Henk E. DJ. ter Keurs, was held in Banff Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada during June 26 to June 30, 1991. The theme of these symposia has been to recognize the similarities and dissimilarities of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Cross fertilization of concepts of excitation-contraction coupling in these three types of muscle has occurred since the early studies in the late fifties and early sixties on skeletal muscle. Investigators in each field meet only at specialized symposia which exclude investigators in the other fields. The purpose of the symposia has been to bring together international investigators studying excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle so that we may learn from each other and hence provide a more global concept of excitation-contraction. The Third International Symposia has accomplished its objective as we recognize that calcium channels of the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum play key essential roles in excitation-contraction coupling in all three types of muscles. In skeletal muscle the recognition that E-C coupling consists of two parallel mechanisms, one dependent upon a dihydropyridine voltage-sensitive sensors coupled to calcium release from the terminal cisternae via the ryanodine sensitive channel in the foot structure of the triad. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Machina Carnis Dorothy M. Needham, 1971-11-30 This book is an account of the centuries of experiment and speculation that have led to our understanding of how muscles work. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Meiosis and Gametogenesis , 1997-11-24 In spite of the fact that the process of meiosis is fundamental to inheritance, surprisingly little is understood about how it actually occurs. There has recently been a flurry of research activity in this area and this volume summarizes the advances coming from this work. All authors are recognized and respected research scientists at the forefront of research in meiosis. Of particular interest is the emphasis in this volume on meiosis in the context of gametogenesis in higher eukaryotic organisms, backed up by chapters on meiotic mechanisms in other model organisms. The focus is on modern molecular and cytological techniques and how these have elucidated fundamental mechanisms of meiosis. Authors provide easy access to the literature for those who want to pursue topics in greater depth, but reviews are comprehensive so that this book may become a standard reference.Key Features* Comprehensive reviews that, taken together, provide up-to-date coverage of a rapidly moving field* Features new and unpublished information* Integrates research in diverse organisms to present an overview of common threads in mechanisms of meiosis* Includes thoughtful consideration of areas for future investigation |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Software-Defined Radio for Engineers Alexander M. Wyglinski, Robin Getz, Travis Collins, Di Pu, 2018-04-30 Based on the popular Artech House classic, Digital Communication Systems Engineering with Software-Defined Radio, this book provides a practical approach to quickly learning the software-defined radio (SDR) concepts needed for work in the field. This up-to-date volume guides readers on how to quickly prototype wireless designs using SDR for real-world testing and experimentation. This book explores advanced wireless communication techniques such as OFDM, LTE, WLA, and hardware targeting. Readers will gain an understanding of the core concepts behind wireless hardware, such as the radio frequency front-end, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, as well as various processing technologies. Moreover, this volume includes chapters on timing estimation, matched filtering, frame synchronization message decoding, and source coding. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is explained and details about HDL code generation and deployment are provided. The book concludes with coverage of the WLAN toolbox with OFDM beacon reception and the LTE toolbox with downlink reception. Multiple case studies are provided throughout the book. Both MATLAB and Simulink source code are included to assist readers with their projects in the field. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Sports Performance Massage Steve Bedford, 2021-09-30 Sports Performance Massage instructs the student and practising therapist to use a combination of experience and scientific evidence to inform their sports massage practice, particularly when working with athletic populations. Strength and conditioning coaches, managers and athletes frequently ask questions about the best use of sports massage in order to recover quicker from injury and fatigue and improve performance. Sports Performance Massage empowers the therapist and gives them greater confidence by improving their scientific understanding when working with injured or competitive athletes. The exciting new volume covers all the aspects required to make a highly skilled, confident and employable sports massage therapist. Working with high-level athletes requires an additional skill level compared to working with the general public. Furthermore, advanced massage skills taught in this book, such as soft tissue release and trigger point therapy, are essential when working on muscular adhesions and injured areas. Pregnant athletes, those with disabilities, contraindications and athletes with special requirements have also been considered. Sports Performance Massage is a learning and research aid for those studying vocational sports massage courses as well as those studying other courses where massage forms part of the undergraduate and postgraduate degree, such as sports therapy, sports rehabilitation, osteopathy and physiotherapy. Unlike other sports massage books, Sports performance Massage has a strong academic focus, allowing the graduate therapist to stay up to date with the latest research in their respective field. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Wind Energy Explained James F. Manwell, Jon G. McGowan, Anthony L. Rogers, 2010-09-14 Wind energy’s bestselling textbook- fully revised. This must-have second edition includes up-to-date data, diagrams, illustrations and thorough new material on: the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics; wind turbine testing and modelling; wind turbine design standards; offshore wind energy; special purpose applications, such as energy storage and fuel production. Fifty additional homework problems and a new appendix on data processing make this comprehensive edition perfect for engineering students. This book offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and is a great introduction to this cross-disciplinary field for practising engineers. “provides a wealth of information and is an excellent reference book for people interested in the subject of wind energy.” (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, November/December 2003) “deserves a place in the library of every university and college where renewable energy is taught.” (The International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol.41, No.2 April 2004) “a very comprehensive and well-organized treatment of the current status of wind power.” (Choice, Vol. 40, No. 4, December 2002) |
| explain the sliding filament theory: The Sliding-Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction David Aitchison Smith, 2019-02-05 Understanding the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction started with the discovery that striated muscle is composed of interdigitating filaments which slide against each other. Sliding filaments and the working-stroke mechanism provide the framework for individual myosin motors to act in parallel, generating tension and loaded shortening with an efficient use of chemical energy. Our knowledge of this exquisitely structured molecular machine has exploded in the last four decades, thanks to a bewildering array of techniques for studying intact muscle, muscle fibres, myofibrils and single myosin molecules. After reviewing the mechanical and biochemical background, this monograph shows how old and new experimental discoveries can be modelled, interpreted and incorporated into a coherent mathematical theory of contractility at the molecular level. The theory is applied to steady-state and transient phenomena in muscle fibres, wing-beat oscillations in insect flight muscle, motility assays and single-molecule experiments with optical trapping. Such a synthesis addresses major issues, most notably whether a single myosin motor is driven by a working stroke or a ratchet mechanism, how the working stroke is coupled to phosphate release, and whether one cycle of attachment is driven by the hydrolysis of one molecule of ATP. Ways in which the theory can be extended are explored in appendices. A separate theory is required for the cooperative regulation of muscle by calcium via tropomyosin and troponin on actin filaments. The book reviews the evolution of models for actin-based regulation, culminating in a model motivated by cryo-EM studies where tropomyosin protomers are linked to form a continuous flexible chain. It also explores muscle behaviour as a function of calcium level, including emergent phenomena such as spontaneous oscillatory contractions and direct myosin regulation by its regulatory light chains. Contraction models can be extended to all levels of calcium-activation by embedding them in a cooperative theory of thin-filament regulation, and a method for achieving this grand synthesis is proposed. Dr. David Aitchison Smith is a theoretical physicist with thirty years of research experience in modelling muscle contractility, in collaboration with experimental groups in different laboratories. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| explain the sliding filament theory: S. Chand's Biology For Class XII Dr. P.S. Verma & Dr. B.P. Pandey, S.Chand S Biology -XII - CBSE |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Human Physiology Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, 2013-07-23 This test broke ground with its thorough coverage of molecular physiology seamlessly integrated into a traditional homeostasis-based systems approach. This edition introduces a major reorganisation of the early chapters to provide the best foundation for the course and new art features that streamline review and essential topics so that students can access them more easily on an as-needed basis. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Muscle Atrophy Junjie Xiao, 2018-11-02 The book addresses the development of muscle atrophy, which can be caused by denervation, disuse, excessive fasting, aging, and a variety of diseases including heart failure, chronic kidney diseases and cancers. Muscle atrophy reduces quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality worldwide. The book is divided into five parts, the first of which describes the general aspects of muscle atrophy including its characteristics, related economic and health burdens, and the current clinical therapy. Secondly, basic aspects of muscle atrophy including the composition, structure and function of skeletal muscle, muscle changes in response to atrophy, and experimental models are summarized. Thirdly, the book reviews the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy, including protein degradation and synthesis pathways, noncoding RNAs, inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, mitochondria signaling, etc. Fourthly, it highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle atrophy in aging and disease. The book’s fifth and final part covers the diagnosis, treatment strategies, promising agents and future prospects of muscle atrophy. The book will appeal to a broad readership including scientists, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Keynes & Aidley's Nerve and Muscle Christopher L.-H. Huang, 2020-11-19 This well-established and acclaimed textbook introducing the rapidly growing field of nerve and muscle function has been completely revised and updated. Written with undergraduate students in mind, it begins with the fundamental principles demonstrated by the pioneering electrophysiological experiments on cell excitability. This leads to more challenging material recounting recent discoveries from applying modern biochemical, genetic, physiological and biophysical, experimental and mathematical analysis. The resulting interdisciplinary approach conveys a unified contemporary understanding of nerve and skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle function at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Emphasis on important strategic experiments throughout clarifies the basis for our current scientific views, highlights the excitement and challenge of biomedical discovery, and suggests directions for future advances. These fundamental ideas are then translated into discussions of related disease conditions and their clinical management. Now including colour illustrations, it is an invaluable text for students of physiology, neuroscience, cell biology and biophysics. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Mechanics of Motor Proteins and the Cytoskeleton Jonathon Howard, 2005-12-06 Mechanics of Motor Proteins and the Cytoskeleton provides a physical foundation for molecular mechanics. Part I explains how small particles like proteins respond to mechanical, thermal, and chemical forces, Part II focuses on cytoskeletal filaments, and Part III focuses on motor proteins. The treatments are unified in the respect that they are organized around principles rather than proteins: chapters are centred on topics such as structure, chemistry, and mechanics, and different filaments or motors are discussed together. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Comprehensive Biophysics , 2012-04-12 Biophysics is a rapidly-evolving interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology. Biophysics encompasses many disciplines, including physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, physiology, and neuroscience, and it is essential that scientists working in these varied fields are able to understand each other's research. Comprehensive Biophysics, Nine Volume Set will help bridge that communication gap. Written by a team of researchers at the forefront of their respective fields, under the guidance of Chief Editor Edward Egelman, Comprehensive Biophysics, Nine Volume Set provides definitive introductions to a broad array of topics, uniting different areas of biophysics research - from the physical techniques for studying macromolecular structure to protein folding, muscle and molecular motors, cell biophysics, bioenergetics and more. The result is this comprehensive scientific resource - a valuable tool both for helping researchers come to grips quickly with material from related biophysics fields outside their areas of expertise, and for reinforcing their existing knowledge. Biophysical research today encompasses many areas of biology. These studies do not necessarily share a unique identifying factor. This work unites the different areas of research and allows users, regardless of their background, to navigate through the most essential concepts with ease, saving them time and vastly improving their understanding The field of biophysics counts several journals that are directly and indirectly concerned with the field. There is no reference work that encompasses the entire field and unites the different areas of research through deep foundational reviews. Comprehensive Biophysics fills this vacuum, being a definitive work on biophysics. It will help users apply context to the diverse journal literature offering, and aid them in identifying areas for further research Chief Editor Edward Egelman (E-I-C, Biophysical Journal) has assembled an impressive, world-class team of Volume Editors and Contributing Authors. Each chapter has been painstakingly reviewed and checked for consistent high quality. The result is an authoritative overview which ties the literature together and provides the user with a reliable background information and citation resource |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Kinesiology - E-Book Joseph E. Muscolino, 2022-12-08 Gain the knowledge and skills you need to provide soft-tissue therapy! Kinesiology: The Skeletal System and Muscle Function, 4th Edition provides a complete guide to the art and science of musculoskeletal anatomy, movement, and dysfunction treatment. With more than 1,200 full-color illustrations, the book shows the body's bones and joints, and how muscles function as movers, antagonists, and stabilizers. Part I covers the fundamentals of structure and motion. Part II covers the skeletal system, including skeletal and fascial tissues. Part III contains a detailed study of the joints of the body. And finally, Part IV examines how muscles function. Written by noted lecturer and educator Joseph Muscolino, this text includes access to an Evolve website with 150 video clips demonstrating major joint actions of the body as well as muscle palpation. - Complete atlas of bones, bony landmarks, and joints includes hundreds of full-color illustrations, providing comprehensive coverage of bones not found in other kinesiology books. - Clear, straightforward explanations of kinesiology concepts cover muscle contraction(s), coordination of muscles with movement, core stabilization, posture, exercise, reflexes, and how the nervous system controls and directs the muscular system. - Coverage of strengthening exercises and stretching emphasizes the purposes and benefits of stretching and how to perform various stretching techniques. - Information on posture and the gait cycle includes illustrations of all of the muscles of the human body organized by function. - Clinical applications challenge students to apply kinesiology concepts to clinical practice. - Light-bulb and Spotlight boxes discuss applications of the content, including pathologic conditions and clinical scenarios. - Learning objectives at the start of each chapter include a chapter outline, overview, key terms and pronunciations, and word origins. - NEW! Expanded coverage of fascia includes new perspectives from all-new contributors, including the role of fascia in movement, stability, and posture. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Principles of Human Locomotion Thomas W. Rowland, 2020-11 This book addresses how the general principles of biology influence the human capacity for locomotion, and, conversely, how understanding the nature of muscular activity might provide insights into the basic nature of living beings. Through a series of essays, the book relates the evolutionary basis of animal locomotion to recognizing the determinants of exercise capacity. While raising more questions than providing answers, the discussions will assume that without knowing the correct questions to ask, the answers will not be forthcoming. At the root of this book lies the central query: what is it that separates the principles governing the function of living beings from those that dictate the inanimate world? The discussions here address this issue from the expectation that clues to the answer can be obtained through understanding adaptations to the stresses imposed by physical exercise. As such, the book provides thought-provoking analyses of the biological basis of locomotion that will stimulate future efforts to understand these phenomena. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement Joseph Hamill, Kathleen Knutzen, Timothy R. Derrick, 2015 Focusing on the quantitative nature of biomechanics, this book integrates current literature, meaningful numerical examples, relevant applications, hands-on exercises, and functional anatomy, physics, calculus, and physiology to help students - regardless of their mathematical background - understand the full continuum of human movement potential. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Cell Volume and Signaling Peter Lauf, Norma Adragna, 2006-11-30 In front of you is the finished product of your work, the text of your contributions to the 2003 Dayton International Symposium on Cell Volume and Signal Transduction. As we all recall, this symposium brought together the Doyens of Cellular and Molecular Physiology as well as aspiring young investigators and students in this field. It became a memorable event in an illustrious series of International Symposia on Cell Volume and Signaling. This series, started by Professors Vladimir Strbák, Florian Lang and Monte Greer in Smolenice, Slovakia in 1997 and continued by Professors Rolf Kinne, Florian Lang and Frank Wehner in Berlin in 2000, is projected for 2005 in Copenhagen to be hosted by our colleague, Professor Else Hoffmann and her team. We dearly miss Monte Greer to whom this symposium was dedicated and addressed so eloquently by Vladimir Strbák in his Dedication to Monte. Monte and I became friends in Smolenice and had begun to discuss the 2003 meeting only a few days before his tragic accident in 2002. There are others who were not with us, and we missed them, too. We would not have been able to succeed in this event without the unflagging support of our higher administration at Wright State University, the NIDDKD of the National Institute of Health, and the Fuji Medical System (see Acknowledgments). |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Heart Failure in the Child and Young Adult Joseph Rossano, John Lynn Jefferies, Anthony C Chang, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Robert E Shaddy, 2017-12-05 Heart Failure in the Child and Young Adult: From Bench to Bedside combines multiple etiologies for pediatric heart failure, including congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies, infectious diseases and metabolic abnormalities. This comprehensive resource combines research from multiple contributors with current guidelines to bridge the knowledge gap for the recognition and management of heart failure in children. Coverage begins with the basic science of heart failure, then progresses through diagnosis, management, treatment and surgery, finally concluding with advanced special topics, including genetics, self-management and nanomedicine. - Provides coverage of the basic science of heart failure, its epidemiology and economic aspects, outpatient and inpatient management, and advanced therapies, including mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation - Combines cutting-edge research with current guidelines from the field |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Cells: Molecules and Mechanisms Eric Wong, 2009 Yet another cell and molecular biology book? At the very least, you would think that if I was going to write a textbook, I should write one in an area that really needs one instead of a subject that already has multiple excellent and definitive books. So, why write this book, then? First, it's a course that I have enjoyed teaching for many years, so I am very familiar with what a student really needs to take away from this class within the time constraints of a semester. Second, because it is a course that many students take, there is a greater opportunity to make an impact on more students' pocketbooks than if I were to start off writing a book for a highly specialized upper- level course. And finally, it was fun to research and write, and can be revised easily for inclusion as part of our next textbook, High School Biology.--Open Textbook Library. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Actin-based Motility Marie-France Carlier, 2010-09-23 Since the discovery of actin by Straub in the 1950’s and the pioneering work of Oosawa on actin self-assembly in helical laments in the 1960’s, many books and conference proceedings have been published. As one of the most essential p- teins in life, essential for movement in organisms rangingfrom bacteria to higher eukaryotes, it is no surprise that actin has fascinated generations of scientists from many different elds. Actin can be considered as a “living treasure” of biology; the kinetics and thermodynamics of self-assembly, the dissipative nature of actin po- merization, the molecular interactions of monomeric and polymerized actin with regulators, the mechanical properties of actin gels, and more recently the force p- ducing motile and morphogenetic processes organized by the actin nanomachine in response to signaling, are all milestones in actin research. Discoveries that directly derive from and provide deeper insight into the fundamental properties of actin are constantly being made, making actin an ever appealing research molecule. At the same time, the explosion in new technologies and techniques in biological sciences has served to attract researchers from an expanding number of disciplines, to study actin. This book presents the latest developments of these new multiscale approaches of force and movement powered by self-assembly processes, with the hope to opening our perspectives on the many areas of actin-based motility research. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Muscle Biophysics Rassier Dilson J.E, 2010-09-08 Muscle contraction has been the focus of scientific investigation for more than two centuries, and major discoveries have changed the field over the years. Early in the twentieth century, Fenn (1924, 1923) showed that the total energy liberated during a contraction (heat + work) was increased when the muscle was allowed to shorten and perform work. The result implied that chemical reactions during contractions were load-dependent. The observation underlying the “Fenn effect” was taken to a greater extent when Hill (1938) published a pivotal study showing in details the relation between heat production and the amount of muscle shortening, providing investigators with the force-velocity relation for skeletal muscles. Subsequently, two papers paved the way for the current paradigm in the field of muscle contraction. Huxley and Niedergerke (1954), and Huxley and Hanson (1954) showed that the width of the A-bands did not change during muscle stretch or activation. Contraction, previously believed to be caused by shortening of muscle filaments, was associated with sliding of the thick and thin filaments. These studies were followed by the classic paper by Huxley (1957), in which he conceptualized for the first time the cross-bridge theory; filament sliding was driven by the cyclical interactions of myosin heads (cross-bridges) with actin. The original cross-bridge theory has been revised over the years but the basic features have remained mostly intact. It now influences studies performed with molecular motors responsible for tasks as diverse as muscle contraction, cell division and vesicle transport. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Theoretical Models of Skeletal Muscle Marcelo Epstein, W. Herzog, 1998-06-18 Examines the structural, mechanical and neurophysiological properties of skeletal muscle as they relate to force and movement and translates these properties into rigorous and mechanically consistent models of skeletal muscle. Including a chapter on modelling skeletal muscle using simple shapes and a comprehensive discussion of the molecular events of muscular force production. Theoretical Models of Skeletal Muscle will be invaluable reading for professionals and students within the fields of biomechanics, kinesiology, sports science and physiotherapy. The workings of the cross-bridge model, the Hill model, the energetics model, and a model based on continuum mechanics are evaluated in detail. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Physiology Exam Companion: Solved Questions for Aspiring Physiotherapists Dr. Zeeshan Ali, 2024-10-18 Physiology Exam Companion: Solved Papers for Aspiring Physiotherapists is a meticulously crafted resource designed to support physiotherapy students in mastering the subject of physiology. This book offers a comprehensive collection of previous years' solved question papers, providing students with invaluable insight into exam patterns, frequently asked questions, and effective answering techniques. Key Features: Comprehensive Coverage: Includes a wide range of solved questions from past exams, covering essential topics in physiology to help students understand the subject in depth. Detailed Explanations: Each question is accompanied by detailed answers and explanations, aiding in conceptual clarity and reinforcing key concepts. Strategic Exam Preparation: Provides tips and strategies for tackling different types of questions, such as long-form essays, short notes. User-Friendly Format: Organized in a student-friendly manner. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Exercise Science Ted Temertzoglou, Paul Challen, 2008-07-07 Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education was developed for the Grade 12 Physical Education curriculum (PSE4U). It offers a unique blend of anatomy and physiology, combined with social and historical aspects of Canadian sport. This workbook was developed in association with the Ontario Physical and Health Education Association (OPHEA). It is one hundred percent Canadian content. No more photocopying! This inexpensive Student Workbook/Lab Manual contains exercises and test material linked to the curriculum expectations, and will benefit students and teachers alike. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Exercise Biochemistry Vassilis Mougios, 2020 Exercise Biochemistry, Second Edition, offers a clear explanation of how exercise affects molecular-level functioning in athletes and nonathletes, both healthy and diseased. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Biomechanics of the Upper Limbs Andris Freivalds, 2011-02-16 There is already a wealth of literature covering cumulative trauma disorders and medical management, as well as the biomechanics of manual material handling and lower back problems. However, despite a spike in the number of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in the upper limbs—due to a sharp increase in the amount of computer-related jobs—few if any books have focused exclusively on WRMSDs, until now. Biomechanics of the Upper Limbs: Mechanics, Modeling and Musculoskeletal Injuries, Second Edition offers vital information and tools to improve analysis of external forces and their effects on the human body. This can help ergonomists better understand job stressors and the role they play in the development of disorders, enabling them to modify the work environment and educate practitioners to better control harmful situations. Using the author’s medical and engineering expertise to distill essential subject matter and useful technical data, this comprehensive text explores: Biomechanics of the upper limbs and the motor control system The structure and physiology of the human musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems Recent research findings and solutions to various ergonomic problems Models of various components of the neuromuscular systems, as well as larger systems in the upper limbs Risk factors for disorders and tools used to identify their causes Designed as a textbook for a typical semester-long graduate-level engineering or kinesiology course, this book includes a link to an ancillary website that offers materials such as PowerPoint® slides, sample exams, and an instructor's manual with complete solutions. It also serves as a practical, up-to-date, engineering-oriented resource for researchers, industrial ergonomists, industrial hygienists, and medical professionals who require supplementary material. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Inherited Ataxias A. E. Harding, 1993 In this volume, more than 50 leading international experts review the latest scientific and clinical observations on inherited ataxias. The book demonstrates how molecular genetic studies, as well as recent physiological, neurochemical, and clinical data, have generated new concepts on the nosology of these disorders. Close attention is given to the important practical applications of these new findings - in diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic counseling, in development of tests for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection, and in the search for more effective therapies. The opening chapter identifies the clinical features that distinguish the various inherited ataxic syndromes and presents a classification based on etiology, mode of inheritance, age of onset, and associated clinical features. A major portion of the book focuses on current clinical and molecular genetic studies of different forms of inherited ataxia. Coverage includes a molecular analysis of the Friedreich's ataxia locus and extensive studies on autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, ataxia telangiectasia, dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias, Machado-Joseph disease, and inherited prion diseases. The contributors provide detailed information on the various clinical phenotypes of each form of inherited ataxia and thoroughly explain the use of linkage analysis and other molecular genetic techniques to localize and isolate the genes responsible for these diseases. The book also reviews the most significant research findings on neurotransmitters in the cerebellum, on the phosphoinositide second messenger system in cerebellar degenerative disorders, and on oligodendrocyte-associated andmyelin-associated inhibitors of neurite growth in the adult nervous system. The contributors assess recent progress in developing drugs for treatment of ataxias and other cerebellar movement disorders and identify new targets for pharmacological intervention. Experimental therapeutic observations on cerebellar grafting in heredodegenerative ataxia are also presented. This volume is an invaluable reference for clinicians treating patients with ataxias or counseling families at risk for inherited neurological diseases. It is also a rich source of ideas for molecular geneticists and for neuroscientists investigating disorders of the cerebellum. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Muscles & molecules Gerald H. Pollack, 1990 |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Exercise Physiology Nick Draper, Craig Williams, Helen Marshall, 2024-05-08 This second edition of Exercise Physiology: For Health and Sports Performance brings together all the essential human anatomy and applied physiology that students of exercise science, physical education, and sports coaching will need to know. Written in a friendly, accessible style, and containing a wide range of features to help develop understanding, this book provides a complete one-stop shop for exercise physiology broken down into three fundamental parts: foundations of exercise physiology, applied exercise physiology, and the new Part 3, exercise prescription. With Parts 1 and 2 examining the theory, testing, and practical applications of exercise physiology, the new Part 3 reflects the changes in the field by increasing focus on physical activity and diverse populations and helps provides a more complete course text for any exercise physiology course at universities around the world. This newly revised book is key reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of exercise physiology, sports performance, sports therapy, fitness and personal training, and other related sport science courses. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Smooth Muscle Excitation T. B. Bolton, T. Tomita, 1996 This book is a compendium of the latest electrophysiological research on smooth muscles from an international collection of authors. It includes recent discoveries in calcium stores and their relationship to contraction and to electrical changes in the membrane. A major section of the book concentrates on calcium release mechanisms in the cell, their control, and the consequences of calcium release in the cell for membrane events. Smooth Muscle Excitation also covers the effects of chemicals released from adjacent cells. Key Features * State-of-the-art volume that represents a synopsis of all work currently being undertaken in this area throughout the world * Content covers both basic and clinical research * Provides a range of drug development studies * Presents contributions from many internationally recognized smooth muscle physiologists |
| explain the sliding filament theory: Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists David Chambers, Christopher Huang, Gareth Matthews, 2019-07-25 Every trainee in anaesthesia requires a thorough understanding of basic physiology and its application to clinical practice. Now in its second edition, this comprehensively illustrated textbook bridges the gap between medical school and reference scientific texts. It covers the physiology requirements of the Primary FRCA examination syllabus. Chapters are organised by organ system, with particular emphasis given to the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The practical question-and-answer format helps the reader prepare for oral examinations, while 'clinical relevance' boxes translate the physiological concepts to clinical practice. This new edition has been thoroughly updated and revised throughout, and includes six new chapters, including the physiology of the eye, upper airway and exercise testing. It provides junior anaesthetists with an essential 'one stop' physiology resource. |
| explain the sliding filament theory: S. Chand's Biology For Class XI Dr. P.S. Verma & Dr. B.P. Pandey, S.Chand S Biology For Class XI - CBSE |
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EXPLAIN Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
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To explain something is to define it, show how it works, or just tell what it is. Explaining helps people understand.
explain verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes ...
Definition of explain verb in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
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To make plain or comprehensible. 2. To define; expound: We explained our plan to the committee. 3. a. To offer reasons for or a cause of; justify: explain an error. b. To offer reasons …
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To explain means to make something clear, understandable, or comprehensible by providing information, details, or reasoning. It involves breaking down a concept, idea, process, or …
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to make clear in speech or writing; make plain or understandable by analysis or description. The instructor explained the operation of the engine to the students.
EXPLAIN Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EXPLAIN is to make known. How to use explain in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of …
EXPLAIN | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EXPLAIN definition: 1. to make something clear or easy to understand by describing or giving information …
EXPLAIN Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Explain definition: to make plain or clear; render understandable or intelligible.. See examples of …
Explain - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
To explain something is to define it, show how it works, or just tell what it is. Explaining helps people understand.
explain verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and u…
Definition of explain verb in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage …
