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| direct analysis method: Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry Yiyang Dong, 2018-04-09 Clear, comprehensive, and state of the art, the groundbreaking book on the emerging technology of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry Written by a noted expert in the field, Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry offers a review of the background and the most recent developments in DART-MS. Invented in 2005, DART-MS offers a wide range of applications for solving numerous analytical problems in various environments, including food science, forensics, and clinical analysis. The text presents an introduction to the history of the technology and includes information on the theoretical background, for exampleon the ionization mechanism. Chapters on sampling and coupling to different types of mass spectrometers are followed by a comprehensive discussion of a broad range of applications. Unlike most other ionization methods, DART does not require laborious sample preparation, as ionization takes place directly on the sample surface. This makes the technique especially attractive for applications in forensics and food science. Comprehensive in scope, this vital text: -Sets the standard on an important and emerging ionization technique -Thoroughly discusses all the relevant aspects from instrumentation to applications -Helps in solving numerous analytical problems in various applications, for example food science, forensics, environmental and clinical analysis -Covers mechanisms, coupling to mass spectrometers, and includes information on challenges and disadvantages of the technique Academics, analytical chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, clinical chemists, forensic scientists, and others will find this illuminating text a must-have resource for understanding the most recent developments in the field. |
| direct analysis method: Solid Sample Analysis Ulrich Kurfürst, 2013-04-17 The analysis of solid materials by introducing solid test sampies directly into the graphite furnace of an atomic absorption spectrometer must be regarded as a powerful analytical approach. Even if it is - of course - not the ultimate method. After three decades of development, the instrumentation and the methodology are available to apply solid sampling successfully for the analysis of almost every material. Moreover, several tasks cannot be solved using other analytical methods as neatly as they can using direct solid sampling. The conventional methods work more or less satisfactorily, so why do we sug gest applying solid sampling much more extensively than it is today? To begin with, the features pointed out time and again should be named: Rapidity of the analytical procedure, low susceptibility to analyte loss or contamination, very smallquantities can be analyzed, and expenditure on instrumentation and per sonell is also low. These properties are examined and the necessary conditions are discussed (Chapter 1) as are the analytical tasks (Chapter 6) for which use of this method is advantageous. Other features that are often overlooked are just as important: The simplicity of the analytical procedures allows the analyst to main tain an intimate relationship with the original scientific task that has to be solved with the analysis. Furthermore, the considerable reduction of working place haz ards and pollution by avoiding the use of chemical reagents must nowadays be assessed as a feature as important as the others. |
| direct analysis method: Special Report , 1995 |
| direct analysis method: Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-04-06 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| direct analysis method: Code of Federal Regulations , 2004 |
| direct analysis method: Redundancy in Highway Bridge Superstructures Michel Ghosn, Fred Moses, 1998 |
| direct analysis method: Innovative Bridge Design Handbook Alessio Pipinato, 2021-09-08 Innovative Bridge Design Handbook: Construction, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance, Second Edition, brings together the essentials of bridge engineering across design, assessment, research and construction. Written by an international group of experts, each chapter is divided into two parts: the first covers design issues, while the second presents current research into the innovative design approaches used across the world. This new edition includes new topics such as foot bridges, new materials in bridge engineering and soil-foundation structure interaction. All chapters have been updated to include the latest concepts in design, construction, and maintenance to reduce project cost, increase structural safety, and maximize durability. Code and standard references have been updated. - Completely revised and updated with the latest in bridge engineering and design - Provides detailed design procedures for specific bridges with solved examples - Presents structural analysis including numerical methods (FEM), dynamics, risk and reliability, and innovative structural typologies |
| direct analysis method: The N-directional Approach to Constitutive Laws Juan Francisco Renau Muñoz, 2002 |
| direct analysis method: Structural Steel Design Abi O. Aghayere, Jason Vigil, 2020-01-23 Structural Steel Design, Third Edition is a simple, practical, and concise guide to structural steel design – using the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and the Allowable Strength Design (ASD) methods -- that equips the reader with the necessary skills for designing real-world structures. Civil, structural, and architectural engineering students intending to pursue careers in structural design and consulting engineering, and practicing structural engineers will find the text useful because of the holistic, project-based learning approach that bridges the gap between engineering education and professional practice. The design of each building component is presented in a way such that the reader can see how each element fits into the entire building design and construction process. Structural details and practical example exercises that realistically mirror what obtains in professional design practice are presented. Features: - Includes updated content/example exercises that conform to the current codes (ASCE 7, ANSI/AISC 360-16, and IBC) - Adds coverage to ASD and examples with ASD to parallel those that are done LRFD - Follows a holistic approach to structural steel design that considers the design of individual steel framing members in the context of a complete structure. Instructor resources are available online by emailing the publisher with proof of class adoption at info@merclearning.com. |
| direct analysis method: Semi-rigid Connections Handbook Wai-Fah Chen, 2011 A practical and accessible introduction to the implementation of partially restrained connections in engineering practice. |
| direct analysis method: Nonlinear Electromagnetic Systems A. J. Moses, A. Basak, 1996 The book covers classical and practical approaches to electromagnetic field solutions in magnetic devices. The following topics are addressed: Advanced computional techniques; Intelligent computer aided design; Magnetic materials; Inverse problems; Magnetic sensors and transducers; Performance and optimisation of devices; Applications to electronic systems; Modelling of non-linear systems and other related topics. This volume presents 200 of the best articles presented at the International Symposium on Non-Linear Electromagnetic Systems (ISEM in Cardiff, Wales). The previous ISEM papers were published in the successful volume Advanced Computational and Design Techniques in Applied Electromagnetic Systems (by Elsevier).Main chapters in this book are: Electromagnetic Devices: Non-linearities at contacts and interfaces in semiconductor structures by R.H. Williams as key-note. Optimisation, Inverse and Biological Studies: Power loss testing; intelligent computation of optimization of metal cutting; grid methods for CFD and CEM. Magnetic Materials: Materials for circuit semilator applications; rotational magnetostriction. Computational Techniques and Modelling: Electromagnetic device design; soft magnetic materials; engineering application of artificial intelligence. Sensors and Non-destructive Testing: Eddy current nondestructive evaluation; nonlinear magnetoresistance; micro magnetic sensor. Electronic and Electrical Applications: Non-linear transistor parameters; superconducting magnets. |
| direct analysis method: Cold-Formed Steel Design Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. LaBoube, Helen Chen, 2019-10-04 Provides the latest AISI North American specifications for cold-formed steel design Hailed by professionals around the world as the definitive text on the design of cold-formed steel, this book provides descriptions of the construction and structural behavior of cold-formed steel members and connections from both theoretical and experimental points of view. Updated to reflect the 2016 AISI North American specification and 2015 North American framing standards, this all-new fifth edition offers readers a better understanding of the analysis and design of the thin-walled, cold-formed steel structures that have been widely used in building construction and other areas in recent years. Cold-Formed Steel Design, 5th Edition has been revised and reorganized to incorporate the Direct Strength Method. It discusses the reasons and justification for the various design provisions of the North American specification and framing design standards. It provides chapter coverage of: the types of steels and their most important mechanical properties; the fundamentals of buckling modes; commonly used terms; the design of flexural members, compression members and closed cylindrical tubes, and of beam–columns using ASD, LRFD, and LSD methods; shear diaphragms and shell roof structures; standard corrugated sheets; and more. Updated to the 2016 North American (AISI S100) design specification and 2015 North American (AISI S240) design standard Offers thorough coverage of ASD, LRFD, LSD, and DSM design methods Integrates DSM in the main body of design provisions Features a new section on Power-Actuated Fastener (PAF) Connections Provides new examples and explanations of design provisions Cold-Formed Steel Design, 5th Edition is not only instructive for students, but can serve as a major source of reference for structural engineers, researchers, architects, and construction managers. |
| direct analysis method: Modern Computational Methods Herbert Koenig, 2019-05-20 This book is an introduction to computational mechanics, proceeding from basic computational tools to advanced computational procedures and applications. Emphasis is placed on the numerical techniques and how they form the bases for algorithms. Numerous worked examples in structural mechanics, heat transfer, fluid flow, and biomechanics are given with the numerical codes to illustrate how the methods are applied. A concluding section addresses advanced applications in such areas as finite volume methods and biomechanics. |
| direct analysis method: Deep Excavation Chang-Yu Ou, 2014-04-21 With continued economic development and increasing urbanization, excavations go deeper and become larger in scale, and are sometimes even carried out in difficult soils. These conditions require advanced analysis and design methods and construction technologies. Most books on general foundation engineering introduce the basic analysis and design of excavation, but do not delve into practical considerations. This book examines both theory and practice, from basic to advanced, and discusses the major methods currently in practice around the world. Each chapter also includes problems and their solutions to develop a practical, real-world understanding. |
| direct analysis method: Pharmaceutical Industry Practices on Genotoxic Impurities Heewon Lee, 2014-08-29 A great deal of confusion and uncertainty over genotoxic impurity (GTI) identification, assessment, and control exists in the pharmaceutical industry today. Pharmaceutical Industry Practices on Genotoxic Impurities strives to facilitate scientific and systematic consensus on GTI management by presenting rationales, strategies, methods, interpretati |
| direct analysis method: Dried Blood Spots Wenkui Li, Mike S. Lee, 2014-05-21 An informative and comprehensive book on the applications and techniques of dried blood spot sampling Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling involves the collection of a small volume of blood, via a simple prick or other means, from a study subject onto a cellulose or polymer paper card, which is followed by drying and transfer to the laboratory for analysis. For many years, this method of blood sample collection has been extensively utilized in some important areas of human healthcare (for example, newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders and HIV-related epidemiological studies). Because of its advantages over conventional blood, plasma, or serum sample collection, DBS sampling has been valued by the pharmaceutical industry in drug research and development. Dried Blood Spots: Applications and Techniques features contributions from an international team of leading scientists in the field. Their contributions present a unique resource on the history, principles, procedures, methodologies, applications, and emerging technologies related to DBS. Presented in three parts, the book thoroughly examines: Applications of DBS sampling and associated procedures and methodologies in various human healthcare studies Applications and perspectives of DBS sampling in drug research and development, and therapeutic drug monitoring New technologies and emerging applications related to DBS sampling and analysis Dried Blood Spots: Applications and Techniques is a valuable working guide for researchers, professionals, and students in healthcare, medical science, diagnostics, clinical chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, etc. |
| direct analysis method: Proceedings of The 17th East Asian-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, 2022 Guoqing Geng, Xudong Qian, Leong Hien Poh, Sze Dai Pang, 2023-03-13 This book presents articles from The 17th East Asian-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, 2022, organized by National University of Singapore. These peer-reviewed articles, authored by professional engineers, academics and researchers, highlight the recent research and developments in structural engineering and construction, embracing the theme- “Towards a Resilient and Sustainable City”. The papers presented in this proceeding provide in-depth discussions with key insights into the future research, development and engineering translation in structural engineering and construction. |
| direct analysis method: Draft Toxicological Profile for Boron , 2007 |
| direct analysis method: NBS Special Publication , 1976 |
| direct analysis method: Design of Steel EduGorilla Prep Experts, 2024-10-15 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| direct analysis method: Steel and Composite Structures Y. C. Wang, 2018-05-08 Over 150 papers representing the most recent international research findings on steel and composite structures. Including steel constructions; buckling and stability; codes; composite; control; fatigue and fracture; fire; impact; joints; maintenance; plates and shells; retrofitting; seismic; space structures; steel; structural analysis; structural components and assemblies; thin-walled structures; vibrations, and wind. A special session is dedicated on codification. A valuable source of information to researchers and practitioners in the field of steel and composite structures. |
| direct analysis method: Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures Ronald D. Ziemian, 2010-02-08 The definitive guide to stability design criteria, fully updated and incorporating current research Representing nearly fifty years of cooperation between Wiley and the Structural Stability Research Council, the Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures is often described as an invaluable reference for practicing structural engineers and researchers. For generations of engineers and architects, the Guide has served as the definitive work on designing steel and aluminum structures for stability. Under the editorship of Ronald Ziemian and written by SSRC task group members who are leading experts in structural stability theory and research, this Sixth Edition brings this foundational work in line with current practice and research. The Sixth Edition incorporates a decade of progress in the field since the previous edition, with new features including: Updated chapters on beams, beam-columns, bracing, plates, box girders, and curved girders. Significantly revised chapters on columns, plates, composite columns and structural systems, frame stability, and arches Fully rewritten chapters on thin-walled (cold-formed) metal structural members, stability under seismic loading, and stability analysis by finite element methods State-of-the-art coverage of many topics such as shear walls, concrete filled tubes, direct strength member design method, behavior of arches, direct analysis method, structural integrity and disproportionate collapse resistance, and inelastic seismic performance and design recommendations for various moment-resistant and braced steel frames Complete with over 350 illustrations, plus references and technical memoranda, the Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, Sixth Edition offers detailed guidance and background on design specifications, codes, and standards worldwide. |
| direct analysis method: Toxicological profile for boron , 2010 |
| direct analysis method: Chemical Hazards in Thermally-Processed Foods Shuo Wang, 2019-10-11 This book summarizes the types, contents, analytical methods, formation mechanisms and control strategies for hazardous substances produced during the thermal processing of foods. In each chapter, hazardous substances such as dicarbonyl compounds, acrylamide, furan, heterocyclic amines, trans-fatty acids, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are covered and discussed in terms of analytical methods, formation mechanisms and mitigation strategies. The content chiefly focuses on how these hazardous substances are formed during thermal processing and what can be done to mitigate or eliminate them in food products (e.g. those prepared at higher temperatures by baking, frying or roasting). The major objective of this book is to provide a timely and informative guide for researchers and graduate students in the fields of food chemistry, food ingredients, food analysis, food safety, food processing, chemical toxicology, disease prevention and health promotion. |
| direct analysis method: Applications of Modern Mass Spectrometry: Volume 1 Atta-ur-Rahman, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Syed Ghulam Musharraf, 2020-07-02 Applications of Modern Mass Spectrometry covers the latest advances in the use of mass spectrometry in scientific research. The series attempts to present readers information on the broad range of mass spectrometry techniques and configurations, data analysis and practical applications. Each volume contains contributions from eminent researchers who present their findings in an easy to read format. The multidisciplinary nature of the works presented in each volume of this book series make it a valuable reference on mass spectrometry to academic researchers and industrial R&D specialists in applied sciences, biochemistry, life sciences and allied fields. The first volume of the series presents 5 reviews: - Applications of mass spectrometry for the determination of the microbial crude protein synthesis in ruminants - Qualitative and quantitative LC-MS analysis in food proteins and peptides - Chemometrics as a powerful and complementary tool for mass spectrometry applications in life sciences - Recent developments of allied techniques of qualitative analysis of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions with special reference to modern mass spectrometry - New techniques and methods in explosive analysis. |
| direct analysis method: Steel Structures, 4th Edition Zahid Ahmad Siddiqi, 2017-03-14 At the end of year 2005, new AISC Specification was released that contained formulas for both Allowable Stress Design and Load and Resistance Factor Design in non-dimensional format to be used for both the FPS and SI units. In year 2010, this specification for steel structures design and the seismic provisions were updated. This specification was further revised in 2016. This book is prepared in the light of the new Specifications. AASHTO LRFD Specifications are used to present the concepts of bridge loading and the design procedure. As in the first edition, in place of explaining the various aspects of design such as checking various strength capacities, stability requirements and serviceability limits in separate chapters, complete design including all the major steps of design are presented in individual units for various types of members. It is expected that this procedure gives true picture of design process to the beginners and the practicing engineers. This book is more useful if it is used along with another publication “LRFD Steel Design Aids”, termed as Design Aids in this book. The flow charts given in different sections of this book may easily be computerized to get custom-made computer programs for personal use. International system of units (SI) is used throughout the book. Suggestions for further improvement of the presentation will be highly appreciated and will be incorporated in the future editions. |
| direct analysis method: The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America , 2000 The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. |
| direct analysis method: Bulletin Srpsko hemijsko društvo, 1964 |
| direct analysis method: Bulletin of the Chemical Society , 1965 |
| direct analysis method: Green Analytical Methods and Miniaturized Sample Preparation techniques for Forensic Drug Analysis Rajeev Jain, Abuzar Kabir, 2024-10-26 Green Analytical Methods and Miniaturized Sample Preparation techniques for Forensic Drug Analysis provides a comprehensive overview of GAMs in forensic drug analysis, including green sample preparation techniques, in-situ analytical platforms (such as DIC and μPADs), and on-site sample preparation. The book discusses not only eco-friendly GAM's, but also methods which provide high sample throughput and cost-effective analysis, and are therefore of immense use in resource limited laboratories of developing countries. This is a comprehensive source of literature for analytical scientists in this developing area of sustainable and affordable analytical methods. - Provides a comprehensive overview of GAMs in forensic drug analysis, including green sample preparation techniques, in-situ analytical platforms (such as DIC and μPADs) and on-site sample preparation - Presents scientific data for synthesis and application of green solvents (e.g., DES and ILs) and adsorbents (e.g., FPSE membranes) - Offers method development, optimization, and validation strategies for GAMs |
| direct analysis method: Handbook of Food Analysis: Methods and instruments in applied food analysis Leo M. L. Nollet, 2004 Presents contemporary methods of measuring optical properties, moisture, ash content, and other physical characteristics of food and evaluates techniques used to trace nutrient analytes ranging from peptides, proteins, and enzymes to aroma compounds to carbohydrates and starch. |
| direct analysis method: Natural Product Extraction Juliana M Prado, Mauricio A Rostagno, 2022-07-20 Natural products are used by the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, and extraction technologies and potential applications for plant extracts are of interest to many industrial sectors. Extraction of natural products in an economic and environmentally friendly way is of high importance to all industries involved. The second edition of this book presents an updated, holistic, in-depth view of the more environmentally benign techniques available for the extraction of natural products, along with their newest applications and case studies. Conventional and emerging extraction techniques are discussed in detail. New topics include enzymes, pulsed electric energy, and on-line/in-line analysis. Written for academics and industrialists working in both natural product extraction and green chemistry, this new edition provides a valuable update on current trends in the field. |
| direct analysis method: Objective Home Science at a Glance Shanti Balda, Deepak Kumar Verma, P.K. Prabhakar, Ritu Mittal, Preeti Sharma, Sarita Saini, R. Babel, Hemu Rathore, M. Kaur, 2015-06-01 Objective HOMESCIENCE At a Glance will be an asset in preparation and qualifying ASRB, UGCNET, ICAR examination by covering objective questions and answers to prepare good Scientist and Expertise in all fields of home science by covering its wide fields of knowledge. This book is a multiple choice question book specially designed to improve the knowledge of students and to provide them a powerful knowledge and feedback in their progress and future opportunities. Thus, primarily this book can serve as a self-assessment guide for the students who are preparing for competitive examinations specially UGC-NET, ICAR-ARS Pre, ICAR-NET, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-JRF, SAU’s etc. And secondly, meant for those who appearing for UG, PG study in home science colleges/ institutes/ universities etc. |
| direct analysis method: Rapid and Nondestructive Detection Techniques for Agri-Product Quality Te Ma, Xi Tian, Qiang Lyu , Lie Deng, 2024-08-13 Agri-product such as grains, fruits and vegetables play a very important role in people's daily life. The agri-product quality directly affects human life and health. Agri-product quality refers to the quality characteristics acceptable to consumers, which mainly includes external factors such as size, shape, color, defect and texture, and internal factors such as physical properties, chemical composition and tissue diseases. Generally speaking, variety, climate, soil, cultivation techniques, diseases and pests are all factors that affect the agri-product quality. Traditional methods for agri-product quality evaluation are time-consuming, complex, and expensive. With the continuous development of modern science and technology, rapid and nondestructive detection technologies are applied to evaluate the quality of agri-product. These technologies could obtain the optical, acoustics and electrical properties of a specific substance and then reveal the appearance and internal quality of the agri-product. Furthermore, the trend today is that consumers have become more exigent for information about the products they purchase, which makes the nondestructive detection technology has more important application value in the field of agri-product quality evaluation. |
| direct analysis method: Ceramic Materials for Energy Applications II, Volume 33, Issue 9 Kevin M. Fox, Yutai Katoh, Hua-Tay Lin, Ilias Belharouak, 2012-11-29 Dedicated to the innovative design and use of ceramic materials for energy applications, this issue brings readers up to date with some of the most important research discoveries and new and emerging applications in the field. Contributions come from the proceedings of three symposia, as well as the European Union–USA Engineering Ceramics Summit. The three symposia are: Ceramics for Electric Energy Generation, Storage, and Distribution; Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Nuclear and Fusion Applications; and Advanced Materials and Technologies for Rechargeable Batteries. An abundance of charts, tables, and illustrations are included throughout. |
| direct analysis method: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas Federico M. Mazzolani, Vincenzo Piluso, Elide Nastri, Antonio Formisano, 2024-07-02 This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of seismic design and performance of steel structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 11th International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA), held in Salerno, Italy, on July 8-10, 2024. It covers a diverse range of topics such as behaviour of structural members and connections, performance of structural systems, mixed and composite structures, energy dissipation systems, self-centring and low-damage systems, assessment and retrofitting, codes and standards, light-gauge systems. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists. |
| direct analysis method: Mechanics of materials Zahid Ahmad Siddiqi, 2014-09-01 The aim of this book is to present the basic concepts of mechanics of materials to beginners in a simplified and an organized way. Some knowledge of general mechanics is assumed as a prerequisite. More advanced topics are not covered in this presentation to avoid unnecessary confusion. The advantages and disadvantages of two common building materials, namely, reinforced concrete and steel, are listed in order to make comparison between the two materials and to make the reader able to select proper material of construction for a particular project. The basics of the design procedure are also explained in order to introduce the concept to the beginners. Basic tests performed on structural steel are also discussed in brief. Both SI and US Customary units are used throughout the book to make it a general reference. It is hoped that this book will also serve as a quick guide for the experienced engineers. Suggestions for further improvement of the presentation will be highly appreciated and will be incorporated in the future editions. |
| direct analysis method: Proceedings of the 2024 3rd International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Engineering Structures (AMES 2024) Ahmad Safuan Bin A Rashid, Sümer Şahin, Kh. F. Makhmudov, Mohamed A. Ismail, 2024-07-22 This is an Open Access Book. The 3rd International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Engineering Structures (AMES 2024) is scheduled to be held in Zhuhai, China from May 17-19, 2024. This annual event aims to bring together scholars in the fields of mechanics, structure, and related disciplines for the purpose of sustainable sharing of research findings, knowledge, and ideas. By collaborating with industry platforms and various social groups, the conference seeks to contribute to the advancement of cutting-edge technologies and academic excellence. Participants can look forward to exclusive exhibition opportunities and ample space for engaging discussions. |
| direct analysis method: General Aviation Aircraft Design Snorri Gudmundsson, 2013-09-03 Find the right answer the first time with this useful handbook of preliminary aircraft design. Written by an engineer with close to 20 years of design experience, General Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods and Procedures provides the practicing engineer with a versatile handbook that serves as the first source for finding answers to realistic aircraft design questions. The book is structured in an equation/derivation/solved example format for easy access to content. Readers will find it a valuable guide to topics such as sizing of horizontal and vertical tails to minimize drag, sizing of lifting surfaces to ensure proper dynamic stability, numerical performance methods, and common faults and fixes in aircraft design. In most cases, numerical examples involve actual aircraft specs. Concepts are visually depicted by a number of useful black-and-white figures, photos, and graphs (with full-color images included in the eBook only). Broad and deep in coverage, it is intended for practicing engineers, aerospace engineering students, mathematically astute amateur aircraft designers, and anyone interested in aircraft design. - Organized by articles and structured in an equation/derivation/solved example format for easy access to the content you need - Numerical examples involve actual aircraft specs - Contains high-interest topics not found in other texts, including sizing of horizontal and vertical tails to minimize drag, sizing of lifting surfaces to ensure proper dynamic stability, numerical performance methods, and common faults and fixes in aircraft design - Provides a unique safety-oriented design checklist based on industry experience - Discusses advantages and disadvantages of using computational tools during the design process - Features detailed summaries of design options detailing the pros and cons of each aerodynamic solution - Includes three case studies showing applications to business jets, general aviation aircraft, and UAVs - Numerous high-quality graphics clearly illustrate the book's concepts (note: images are full-color in eBook only) |
| direct analysis method: An Introduction to Structural Optimization Peter W. Christensen, A. Klarbring, 2008-10-14 This book has grown out of lectures and courses given at Linköping University, Sweden, over a period of 15 years. It gives an introductory treatment of problems and methods of structural optimization. The three basic classes of geometrical - timization problems of mechanical structures, i. e. , size, shape and topology op- mization, are treated. The focus is on concrete numerical solution methods for d- crete and (?nite element) discretized linear elastic structures. The style is explicit and practical: mathematical proofs are provided when arguments can be kept e- mentary but are otherwise only cited, while implementation details are frequently provided. Moreover, since the text has an emphasis on geometrical design problems, where the design is represented by continuously varying—frequently very many— variables, so-called ?rst order methods are central to the treatment. These methods are based on sensitivity analysis, i. e. , on establishing ?rst order derivatives for - jectives and constraints. The classical ?rst order methods that we emphasize are CONLIN and MMA, which are based on explicit, convex and separable appro- mations. It should be remarked that the classical and frequently used so-called op- mality criteria method is also of this kind. It may also be noted in this context that zero order methods such as response surface methods, surrogate models, neural n- works, genetic algorithms, etc. , essentially apply to different types of problems than the ones treated here and should be presented elsewhere. |
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