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| development economics gerard roland free: Development Economics Gérard Roland, 2016-05-23 Gerard Roland's new text, Development Economics, is the first undergraduate text to recognize the role of institutions in understanding development and growth. Through a series of chapters devoted to specific sets of institutions, Roland examines the effects of institutions on growth, property rights, market development, and the delivery of public goods and services and focuses. With the most comprehensive and up to date treatment of institutions on development, Roland explores the important questions of why some countries develop faster than others and why some fail while others are successful. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Transition and Economics Gérard Roland, 2014-05-14 The transition from socialism to capitalism in former socialist economies is one of the main economic events of the 20th century. Not only does it affect the lives of 1.6 billion people, but it is contributing to a shift in emphasis from standard price and monetary theory to contracting and its institutional environment. Now a French professor of economics discusses the transition in its relation to political economics, development, public economics, corporate finance, and micro- and macroeconomics. |
| development economics gerard roland free: The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions Jean-Marie Baland, François Bourguignon, Jean-Philippe Platteau, Thierry Verdier, 2020-01-21 The definitive reference on the most current economics of development and institutions The essential role that institutions play in understanding economic development has long been recognized across the social sciences, including in economics. Academic and policy interest in this subject has never been higher. The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions is the first to bring together in one single volume the most cutting-edge work in this area by the best-known international economists. The volume’s editors, themselves leading scholars in the discipline, provide a comprehensive introduction, and the stellar contributors offer up-to-date analysis into institutional change and its interactions with the dynamics of economic development. This book focuses on three critical issues: the definitions of institutions in order to argue for a causal link to development, the complex interplay between formal and informal institutions, and the evolution and coevolution of institutions and their interactions with the political economy of development. Topics examined include the relationship between institutions and growth, educational systems, the role of the media, and the intersection between traditional systems of patronage and political institutions. Each chapter—covering the frontier research in its area and pointing to new areas of research—is the product of extensive workshopping on the part of the contributors. The definitive reference work on this topic, The Handbook of Economic Development and Institutions will be essential for academics, researchers, and professionals working in the field. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Privatization Gérard Roland, 2008-06-23 The privatization of large state-owned enterprises is one of the most radical policy developments of the last quarter century. Right-wing governments have privatized in an effort to decrease the size of government, while left-wing governments have privatized either to compensate for the failures of state-owned firms or to generate revenues. In this way, privatization has spread from Europe to Latin America, from Asia to Africa, reaching its zenith with Central and Eastern Europe's transition from socialism to capitalism. In many countries state ownership has been an important tool in bringing cheap water, energy, and transport to poorer segments of the population. In other instances, it has sponsored aggressive cutbacks, corruption, and cronyism. Privatization: Successes and Failures evaluates the practices and results of privatization in Eastern Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Featuring the world's leading economists and experts on privatization, this volume offers a broad and balanced analysis of specific privatization projects and uncovers some surprising trends. Partial privatization, for example, tends to be more widespread than one might think, and the effects of privatization on efficiency are generally mixed but rarely negative. Also, while privatization appears uncontroversial in competitive sectors, it becomes increasingly complex in more monopolistic sectors where good regulation is crucial. Privatization concludes with alternative frameworks for countries in Africa and other regions that seek to develop privatization policy and programs. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2000 Boris Pleskovic, Nicholas Stern, 2001 Annotation This 12th Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics focuses mainly on four areas: new development thinking, crises and recovery, corporate governance and restructuring, and social security including public and private savings. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Transition Economies Aleksandr V. Gevorkyan, 2018 This interdisciplinary study offers a comprehensive analysis of the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Providing full historical context and drawing on a wide range of literature, this book explores the continuous economic and social transformation of the post-socialist world. While the future is yet to be determined, understanding the present phase of transformation is critical. The book's core exploration evolves along three pivots of competitive economic structure, institutional change, and social welfare. The main elements include analysis of the emergence of the socialist economic model; its adaptations through the twentieth century; discussion of the 1990s market transition reforms; post-2008 crisis development; and the social and economic diversity in the region today. With an appreciation for country specifics, the book also considers the urgent problems of social policy, poverty, income inequality, and labor migration. Transition Economieswill aid students, researchers and policy makers working on the problems of comparative economics, economic development, economic history, economic systems transition, international political economy, as well as specialists in post-Soviet and Central and Eastern European regional studies. |
| development economics gerard roland free: China's Great Economic Transformation Loren Brandt, Thomas G. Rawski, 2008-04-14 This landmark study provides an integrated analysis of China's unexpected economic boom of the past three decades. The authors combine deep China expertise with broad disciplinary knowledge to explain China's remarkable combination of high-speed growth and deeply flawed institutions. Their work exposes the mechanisms underpinning the origin and expansion of China's great boom. Penetrating studies track the rise of Chinese capabilities in manufacturing and in research and development. The editors probe both achievements and weaknesses across many sectors, including China's fiscal, legal, and financial institutions. The book shows how an intricate minuet combining China's political system with sectorial development, globalization, resource transfers across geographic and economic space, and partial system reform delivered an astonishing and unprecedented growth spurt. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Good Economics for Hard Times Abhijit V. Banerjee, Esther Duflo, 2019-11-12 The winners of the Nobel Prize show how economics, when done right, can help us solve the thorniest social and political problems of our day. Figuring out how to deal with today's critical economic problems is perhaps the great challenge of our time. Much greater than space travel or perhaps even the next revolutionary medical breakthrough, what is at stake is the whole idea of the good life as we have known it. Immigration and inequality, globalization and technological disruption, slowing growth and accelerating climate change--these are sources of great anxiety across the world, from New Delhi and Dakar to Paris and Washington, DC. The resources to address these challenges are there--what we lack are ideas that will help us jump the wall of disagreement and distrust that divides us. If we succeed, history will remember our era with gratitude; if we fail, the potential losses are incalculable. In this revolutionary book, renowned MIT economists Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo take on this challenge, building on cutting-edge research in economics explained with lucidity and grace. Original, provocative, and urgent, Good Economics for Hard Times makes a persuasive case for an intelligent interventionism and a society built on compassion and respect. It is an extraordinary achievement, one that shines a light to help us appreciate and understand our precariously balanced world. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Contemporary Issues in Development Economics Timothy Besley, 2015-12-20 This IEA volume brings together a set of essays written by leading authors on themes relevant to the study of economic development. The book covers a range of topics many of which are relevant to policy issues. The contributors bring new insights from empirical research in a range of economies with chapters including discussions of the UN development agenda, fiscal policy in Latin America, poverty data in Africa and Jordan, and monetary policy in South Africa. Contemporary Issues in Development Economics is an essential read for researchers, scholars and policymakers interested in economic development in low- and middle-income countries. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Labor Economics from a Free Market Perspective Walter Block, 2008 Chiral Dynamics 2006 consists the most recent developments in the field of chiral symmetry and dynamics. Advances in theory and updates on experimental programs are presented in 20 papers in the plenary program and more than one hundred invited and contributed talks from the working groups are included in another section. |
| development economics gerard roland free: China's Economic Globalization through the WTO Guanzhong James Wen, 2017-11-22 This title was first published in 2003. This book represents one of the recent internationally coordinated initiatives to access the rich and still unfolding implications of China's participation in economic globalization in the context of the nation's accession to the World Trade Organization. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Transition and Economics Gérard Roland, 2000 The transition from socialism to capitalism in former socialist economies has transformed the economic structure. This book provides an overview of research on the issues raised by the shift from collective to private ownership. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Making Global Trade Work for People Kamal Malhotra, 2012-03-29 The world's trade regime is promoted by international agencies and most governments as the best way to lift the poor out of poverty and achieve sustainable development. But does it contribute to human development or not? This reassessment looks in detail at the way it has worked under the GATT and under the World Trade Organization, and analyses how it is working and how it can be improved. The book aims to make major contribution to the debates surrounding globalization and the impact of trade on the poor, on social stability and on the environment. It is intended to provide a benchmark for future policy discussion and analysis. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Making Global Trade Work for People , 2003 First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Essentials of Development Economics J. Edward Taylor, Travis J. Lybbert, 2015-03-19 Written to provide students with the critical tools used in todayÕs development economics research and practice, Essentials of Development Economics represents an alternative approach to traditional textbooks on the subject. Compact and less expensive than other textbooks for undergraduate development economics courses, Essentials of Development Economics offers a broad overview of key topics and methods in the field. Its fourteen easy-to-read chapters introduce cutting-edge research and present best practices and state-of-the-art methods. Each chapter concludes with an embedded QR code that connects readers to ancillary audiovisual materials and supplemental readings on a website curated by the authors. By mastering the material in this book, students will have the conceptual grounding needed to move on to higher-level development economics courses. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Economic Growth And Development (Second Edition) Hendrik Van Den Berg, 2012-03-30 This textbook covers the full range of topics and issues normally included in a course on economic growth and development. Both mainstream economic perspectives as well as the multi-paradigmatic, inter-disciplinary, and dynamic-evolutionary perspectives from heterodox economics are detailed. Economic development is viewed in terms of the long-run well-being of humanity, social stability, environmental sustainability, and just distribution of economic gains, not simply as the growth of GDP. Furthermore, this textbook explicitly recognizes the complexity of economic development by linking economic activity to our broader social and natural environments.The textbook's unique feature is its focus on the natural environment. Both the historical effects of economic development on the environment and the environmental constraints on future economic development are thoroughly discussed in two chapters on environmental issues and policies. In fact, because economic development is defined in terms of economic, social, and environmental sustainability, the natural environment is included in discussions throughout the book.The textbook is inter-disciplinary: knowledge from fields such as sociology, psychology, political science, economic history, and ecology is called on to enhance the economic analysis. A thorough historical account of the development of the principal paradigms of economic development is also included, and the important issues of institutional development and cultural change merit their own chapters. Two chapters on technological change holistically focus on production technologies as well as the dynamic performance of entire economic, social, and ecological systems. Also, the important relationship between economic development and globalization is presented in three chapters on international trade, international finance and investment, and immigration from both orthodox and heterodox perspectives. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Economic Growth And Development (Third Edition) Hendrik Van Den Berg, 2016-09-02 This textbook covers the full range of topics and issues normally included in a course on economic growth and development. Both mainstream economic perspectives as well as the multi-paradigmatic, inter-disciplinary, and dynamic-evolutionary perspectives from heterodox economics are detailed. Economic development is viewed in terms of the long-run well-being of humanity, social stability, environmental sustainability, and just distribution of economic gains, not simply as the growth of GDP. Furthermore, this textbook explicitly recognizes the complexity of economic development by linking economic activity to our broader social and natural environments.The textbook's unique feature is its focus on the natural environment. Both the historical effects of economic development on the environment and the environmental constraints on future economic development are thoroughly discussed in two chapters on environmental issues and policies. In fact, because economic development is defined in terms of economic, social, and environmental sustainability, the natural environment is included in discussions throughout the book.The textbook is inter-disciplinary: knowledge from fields such as sociology, psychology, political science, economic history, and ecology is called on to enhance the economic analysis. A thorough historical account of the development of the principal paradigms of economic development is also included, and the important issues of institutional development and cultural change merit their own chapters. Two chapters on technological change holistically focus on production technologies as well as the dynamic performance of entire economic, social, and ecological systems. Also, the important relationship between economic development and globalization is presented in three chapters on international trade, international finance and investment, and immigration from both orthodox and heterodox perspectives. |
| development economics gerard roland free: World Scientific Reference On Asia-pacific Trade Policies (In 2 Volumes) Kym Anderson, 2019-12-19 Protectionism has been placed under the media spotlight, with news headlines generated by populist anti-globalization movements and Donald Trump's term as US President. Such a policy stance is putting at risk unilateral trade reform efforts in the Asia-Pacific region and elsewhere.This two-volume reference work provides a timely update on how far the region has come in opening markets. It analyzes the motivations or ostensible objectives of policies adopted in the past, the changing extent of the domestic price distortions involved, the economic effects of those policies at home and abroad, the political economy forces at work that brought about those policies and their subsequent reform, their consequences for international trade, economic welfare and poverty alleviation, and prospects for sustainable improvements in current policies. Case studies of major East Asian economies and Australia reveal how government priorities to assist farmers versus manufacturers changed over the past century but especially since the 1980s, and how that has affected trade between natural resource-poor and resource-rich economies.This set is highly recommended for those who are interested in the economics and politics of trade policies, agricultural economics, economic development, and food and nutrition security in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Corporate Governance Lessons from Transition Economy Reforms Merritt B. Fox, Michael A. Heller, 2021-04-13 Corporate Governance Lessons from Transition Economy Reforms explores a timely topic at the intersection of economics, law, and policy reform. To date, most sophisticated theoretical work on corporate governance has focused on advanced market economies. In post-socialist countries, corporate finance and transition economics scholars have often done little more than convey the received theory to transition policymakers. This volume focuses, for the first time, on the reverse concern: what, if anything, do the reform experiences of transition countries teach about corporate governance theory more generally? To investigate this question, Merritt Fox and Michael Heller have assembled a stellar group of corporate governance theorists. The answers are startling. The principal essays approach the problem from three complementary perspectives that form the organizing themes of the book. The first part refines core corporate theory terms. The second presents important empirical work that explores the channels through which good corporate governance may link to the real economy. The final part links corporate governance theory to practical reforms. After fifteen years of experience, practice can now inform theory. Together, these essays present a comprehensive new view on a provocative theme. Written in an accessible style, they will be of interest to a broad range of scholars, commentators, and policymakers. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Political Economy of Northeast Asian Regionalism T. J. Pempel, Gérard Roland, 2008 'Too often analyses of East Asia are written by outsiders. the great merit of this broad ranging and well-conceived collection is to showcase original perspectives from China, Korea and Japan. As such, it is a welcome addition to the existing literature.' - Mark Beeson, the University of Birmingham, UK |
| development economics gerard roland free: Political Economy of Northeast Asian Regionalism Jehoon Park, 2008-01-01 Functional integration in the economy has developed sufficiently in Northeast Asia. This study proposes a Northeast Asian version of the regional integration model. It suggests a crisis model and a political leadership model, with political leadership playing a critical role in utilizing crises to advance regional integration. |
| development economics gerard roland free: The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative Economics Elodie Douarin, Oleh Havrylyshyn, 2022-02-14 This book aims to define comparative economics and to illustrate the breadth and depth of its contribution. It starts with an historiography of the field, arguing for a continued legacy of comparative economic systems, which compared socialism and capitalism, a field which some argued should have been replaced by institutional economics after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The process of transition to market capitalism is reviewed, and itself exemplifies a new combination of comparative analysis with a focus on institutional development. Going beyond, chapters broadening the application of comparative analysis and applying it to new issues and approaches, including the role and definition of institutions, subjective wellbeing, inequality, populism, demography, and novel methodologies. Overall, comparative economics has evolved in the past 30 years, and remains a powerful approach for analyzing important issues. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Without a Map Andrei Shleifer, Daniel Treisman, 2001-08-24 A balanced look at Russia's attempts to build capitalism on the ruins of Soviet central planning. Recent commentators on Russia's economic reforms have almost uniformly declared them a disappointing and avoidable—failure. In this book, two American scholars take a new and more balanced look at the country's attempts to build capitalism on the ruins of Soviet central planning. They show how and why the Russian reforms achieved remarkable breakthroughs in some areas but came undone in others. Unlike Eastern European countries such as Poland or the Czech Republic, to which it is often compared, Russia is a federal, ethnically diverse, industrial giant with an economy heavily oriented toward raw materials extraction. The political obstacles it faced in designing reforms were incomparably greater. Shleifer and Treisman tell how Russia's leaders, navigating in uncharted economic terrain, managed to find a path around some of these obstacles. In successful episodes, central reformers devised a strategy to win over some key opponents, while dividing and marginalizing others. Such political tactics made possible the rapid privatization of 14,000 state enterprises in 1992-1994 and the defeat of inflation in 1995. But failure to outmaneuver the new oligarchs and regional governors after 1996 undermined reformers' attempts to collect taxes and clean up the bureaucracy that has stifled business growth.Renewing a strain of analysis that runs from Machiavelli to Hirschman, the authors reach conclusions about political strategies that have important implications for other reformers. They draw on their extensive knowledge of the country and recent experience as advisors to Russian policymakers. Written in an accessible style, the book should appeal to economists, political scientists, policymakers, businesspeople, and all those interested in Russian politics or economics. |
| development economics gerard roland free: US Economic Aid in Egypt Dina Jadallah, 2016-01-27 Economic aid is one of the cornerstones of the Egyptian-American relationship, and plays a significant role in promoting US policy objectives in the Middle East. Focusing on the latter half of Hosni Mubarak's rule, Dina Jadallah argues that, through its aid policy, the US has attempted to use a reforming and democratising narrative to transform Egypt into a stable market democracy that would be aligned with US interests in the region. This aim has been pursued in conjunction with one that promoted a comprehensive warm peace with Israel. By highlighting the opposition within Egypt to US aid, Jadallah analyses the key issues that came to the fore during the 2010/11 protests in the country and led to the downfall of Mubarak. Extending her analysis into the post-revolutionary period, the author provides interviews with regime insiders and prominent critics, inside state institutions and outside, who actively challenged the regime. This enables her to assess the different perceptions of US aid both under Mubarak and in the current political situation, contributing to an incisive analysis of modern Egypt and its relations with its superpower ally in the region. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Postsocialism C. M. Hann, 2002 This volume presents the anthropological responses to these problems. The authors demonstrate that even when local conditions are specific, the view from below illuminates macro trends. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics , 1998 |
| development economics gerard roland free: The Oxford Handbook of Social and Political Trust Eric M. Uslaner, 2018 This volume explores the foundations of trust, and whether social and political trust have common roots. Contributions by noted scholars examine how we measure trust, the cultural and social psychological roots of trust, the foundations of political trust, and how trust concerns the law, the economy, elections, international relations, corruption, and cooperation, among myriad societal factors. The rich assortment of essays on these themes addresses questions such as: How does national identity shape trust, and how does trust form in developing countries and in new democracies? Are minority groups less trusting than the dominant group in a society? Do immigrants adapt to the trust levels of their host countries? Does group interaction build trust? Does the welfare state promote trust and, in turn, does trust lead to greater well-being and to better health outcomes? The Oxford Handbook of Social and Political Trust considers these and other questions of critical importance for current scholarly investigations of trust. |
| development economics gerard roland free: The Breakup of Nations Patrick Bolton, Gérard Roland, 2011 This paper develops a model of the breakup or unification of nations. In each nation the decision to separate is taken by majority voting. A basic trade-off between the efficiency gains of unification and the costs in terms of loss of control on political decisions is highlighted. The model emphasizes political conflicts over redistribution policies. The main results of the paper are i) when income distributions vary across regions and the efficiency gains from unification are small, separation occurs in equilibrium; and ii) when all factors of production are perfectly mobile, all incentives for separation disappear. |
| development economics gerard roland free: World Development Report 2009 World Bank, 2008-11-04 Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Economic Development and Social Change Yiorgos Stathakis, Gianni Vaggi, 2006-05-11 In this volume, leading scholars are brought together to illuminate the advancement of the study of development economics, with particular emphasis on the question of growth and development. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Transition, the First Ten Years Pradeep Mitra, Marcelo Selowsky, 2002 The wide variation in transition economies raises questions about differences in economic growth, the applicability of transition policies, and the advantages of economic reform. This report seeks to answer these questions. |
| development economics gerard roland free: China–Japan–South Korea Trilateral Cooperation Muhui Zhang, 2025-01-01 This open access book aims to review the history, achievements, and challenges of trilateral cooperation among China, Japan, and South Korea in a systematic way. It offers numerous perspectives to explain the emergence of trilateral institution-building processes and the fluctuations of trilateral cooperation, and underscores three countries’ respective policy stances towards the building of the triangle. The evolvement of political and economic ties among China, Japan, and South Korea has vital importance to the peace and prosperity of East Asia. Recent years have witnessed the ups and downs of the trilateral cooperation among the three countries. The development of trilateral institution building emerged as a joint gesture in response to the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s. The three countries jointly established multilayered cooperative mechanisms in a wide range of fields. Nonetheless, trilateral cooperation among the three major powers has been proceeding in hardship in the shadow of longstanding geopolitical complexity and the deepening Sino-US confrontations. This book argues that, despite growing economic and social linkages, political animosities have constantly impeded the trilateral cooperation. Relevant to scholars and advanced students in international relations and political economy, this is a vital read in East Asian studies. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Economic Development E. Wayne Nafziger, 2006 In this fourth edition of his textbook E. Wayne Nafziger analyzes the economic development of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and East-Central Europe. This comprehensive and clearly written text explains the growth in real income per person and income disparities within and between developing countries. The author explains the reasons for the fast growth of Pacific Rim countries, Brazil, Poland, and (recently) India, and the increasing economic misery and degradation of large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The book also examines China and other post-socialist economies as low- and middle-income countries, without, however, overshadowing the primary emphasis on the third world. The text is replete with real-world examples. The exposition emphasizes the themes of poverty, inequality, unemployment, the environment, and deficiencies of people in less developed countries. The guide to the readings, through bibliography, and websites with links to development resources makes the book useful for students writing research papers. |
| development economics gerard roland free: The Political Economy of Reform Failure Mats Lundahl, 2007-04-11 Economists have moved in recent years beyond analyzing the manner in which the macroeconomies of different countries function and prescribing appropriate policies for dealing with domestic and external imbalances. Increasingly, they have sought to understand the complex interaction between political and economic phenomena. This book considers issues of economic reform in a broad range of settings: * developed countries * transition countries * developing countries Using country specific cases such as Uzbekistan, Burma and Haiti, it focuses on those territories which have encountered problems reforming, allowing the reader to gain an accurate understanding of the factors that inhibit the success of economic reform, the different context in which economic reform is attempted, and the different challenges that individual countries face. An international team of contributors including Bo Södersten, Deepak Lal and Ron Findlay have been brought together to analyze these topical issues, making this an informative and thought-provoking book, of interest to those involved in the field of development studies. |
| development economics gerard roland free: The Code of Putinism Brian D. Taylor, 2018-06-06 What is Vladimir Putin up to? This book shows how the mentality of Putin and his team - the code of Putinism - has shaped Russian politics over the past two decades. It explains not only the thoughts and ideas that motivate Putin's decisions, but also the set of emotions and habits that influence how Putin and his close allies view the world. The code of Putinism has powerfully shaped the nature of Russia's political system, its economy, and its foreign policy. Taylor draws on a large number of interviews, the speeches of Putin and other top officials, and the Russian media to analyze the mentality of Team Putin. Key features of Russian politics today -- such as authoritarianism, Putin's reliance on a small group of loyal friends and associates, state domination of the economy, and an assertive foreign policy - are traced to the code of Putinism. Key ideas of the code include conservatism, anti-Americanism, and the importance of a state that is powerful both at home and abroad. Dominant habits of Putin and his associates include control, order, and loyalty. Important feelings driving Russia's rulers include the need for respect, resentment about lost status and mistreatment by the West, and vulnerability. While some observers portray Putin as either a cold-blooded pragmatist or a strident Russian nationalist, Taylor provides a more nuanced and compelling interpretation of Putin's motives and actions. The Code of Putinism also shows how Putin's choices, guided by this mentality, have led to a Russia that is misruled at home and punching above its weight abroad. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Eastern European Music Industries and Policies after the Fall of Communism Patryk Galuszka, 2021-04-06 During the last thirty years Eastern Europe has been a place of radical political, economic, and social transformation, and these changes have affected the cultural industries of its countries. This volume consists of twelve chapters by leading international researchers. Stories are documented of various organisations that once dominated the ‘communist music industries’ — such as state-owned record companies, music festivals, and collecting societies. The strategies employed by artists and industries to join international music markets after the fall of communism are explained and evaluated. Political and economic transformations that coincided with the advent of digitalisation and the Internet intensified the changes. All these issues posed challenges both to record labels and artists who, after adjusting to the rules of the free-market economy, were faced with the falling record sales of records caused by the advent of new communication technologies. This book examines how these processes have all affected the music scene, industries, and markets in various Eastern European countries. |
| development economics gerard roland free: World Development Report 2005 World Bank, 2004 Firms and entrepreneurs of all types-from microenterprises to multinationals-play a central role in growth and poverty reduction. Their investment decisions drive job creation, the availability and affordability of goods and services for consumers, and the tax revenues governments can draw on to fund health, education, and other services. Their contribution depends largely on the way governments shape the investment climate in each location-through the protection of property rights, regulation and taxation, strategies for providing infrastructure, interventions in finance and labor markets, and broader governance features such as corruption. The World Development Report 2005 argues that improving the investment climates of their societies should be a top priority for governments. Drawing on surveys of nearly 30,000 firms in 53 developing countries, country case studies, and other new research, the Report explores questions such as: What are the key features of a good investment climate, and how do they influence growth and poverty? What can governments do to improve their investment climates, and how can they go about tackling such a broad agenda? What has been learned about good practice in each of the main areas of the investment climate? What role might selective interventions and international arrangements play in improving the investment climate? What can the international community do to help developing countries improve the investment climates of their societies? In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Bank's new program of Investment Climate Surveys, the Bank's Doing Business Project, and World Development Indicators 2004-an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development. |
| development economics gerard roland free: Gradual Economic Reform in Latin America Mary A. Clark, 2001-07-19 In-depth case study of Costa Rican economic reform efforts. |
| development economics gerard roland free: World Economic Outlook, October 2000 International Monetary Fund. Research Dept., 2000-09-19 The World Economic Outlook, published twice a year in English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, presents IMF staff economists analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term. Chapters give an overview of the world economy; consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and economies in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current interest. Annexes, boxes, charts, and an extensive statistical appendix augment the text. |
英語「development」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
「development」とは、進歩や成長、変化などを意味する名詞であり、また、何かを開発する行為やその結果を指すこともある。 この単語は、社会的、経済的、技術的な文脈で幅広く使用される。
英語「develop」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
(cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development) The perfect climate here develops the grain ここで の 理想的な 気候 が 穀物 を 育てる He developed a new kind of apple 彼は 新しい 種類の りんご …
「開発」の英語・英語例文・英語表現 - Weblio和英辞書
｢開発｣は英語でどう表現する？【単語】development...【例文】Development environment...【その他の表現】exploitation... - 1000万語以上収録！英訳・英文・英単語の使い分けならWeblio英和・和英辞書
英語「progress」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
不可算名詞 進歩，発達，発展 〔in〕 (⇔regress) 《★【類語】 progress はある目標・方向に 向かって 絶え間なく 進んでいく 進歩; advance はレベルが高 まっていく進歩; development はあるものが本質的に もっている 特質などが高 まっ …
英語「growth」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
buildup, develop, development, evolve, expansion, grow, multiplication, multiply, outgrow, outgrowth, proliferate, proliferation, propagate, propagation, replicate, vegetate 同義語（異表記） growth
英語「development」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
「development」とは、進歩や成長、変化などを意味する名詞であり、また、何かを開発する行為やその結果を指すこともある。 この単語は、社会的、経済的、技術的な文脈で幅広く使用さ …
英語「develop」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
(cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development) The perfect climate here develops the grain ここで の 理想的な 気候 が 穀物 を 育てる He developed a new …
「開発」の英語・英語例文・英語表現 - Weblio和英辞書
｢開発｣は英語でどう表現する？【単語】development...【例文】Development environment...【その他の表現】exploitation... - 1000万語以上収録！英訳・英文・英単語の使い分けならWeblio英和 …
英語「progress」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
不可算名詞 進歩，発達，発展 〔in〕 (⇔regress) 《★【類語】 progress はある目標・方向に 向かって 絶え間なく 進んでいく 進歩; advance はレベルが高 まっていく進歩; development はあるも …
英語「growth」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
buildup, develop, development, evolve, expansion, grow, multiplication, multiply, outgrow, outgrowth, proliferate, proliferation, propagate, propagation, replicate, vegetate 同義語（異表 …
英語「research」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
examine, exploration, explore, inquire, inquiry, investigate, investigation, investigational, investigative, laboratory research, probing, research activity, research and development, …
英語「document」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
The parents documented every step of their child 's development 両親は自分たちの子供の 発達の段階をすべて 記録した
英語「deployment」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
arrange, arrangement, collocate, configuration, deploy, develop, development, disposal, disposition, place, placement, position, unfold
英語「Implementation」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書
「Implementation」の意味・翻訳・日本語 - 履行、実行、実施、充足｜Weblio英和・和英辞書
英語「cognitive」の意味・読み方・表現 | Weblio英和辞書
1. Cognitive development is crucial in early childhood.（初期幼児期における認知発達は重要である。） 2. The therapy is aimed at improving cognitive functions.（その療法は認知機能の向上 …
