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| define pseudepigrapha: The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls James VanderKam, Peter Flint, 2005-07-10 In this book, two of the world's leading experts on the scrolls reveal the complete and fascinating story in all its detail: the amazing discovery, the intense controversies, and the significant revelations. This comprehensive, up-to-date guide is the def |
| define pseudepigrapha: Pseudepigrapha William John Deane, 1891 |
| define pseudepigrapha: Pseudepigraphic Perspectives: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls Esther G. Chazon, Michael Stone, Avital Pinnick, 2018-12-24 This volume of symposium papers examines the attribution of books to great figures in antiquity: Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Levi, Moses, Ezekiel, Daniel and others. The authors offer fine literary studies of these pseudepigraphical writings, assess the uses of pseudonymity and anonymity in the Dead Sea Scrolls and rabbinic literature, and explore the theological, social and historical implications of the different attributions and approaches. The consequences of assigning the origins of evil to humans (Adam and Eve) or to demons (the generations of Enoch and Noah) and the significance of each author's choice of pseudepigrahical pseudonym for identifying his social context are among the important issues addressed. |
| define pseudepigrapha: Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Richard Bauckham, James Davila, Alex Panayotov, 2013-11-18 This collection presents the sacred legends and spiritual reflections of numerous works that were lost, neglected, or suppressed for many centuries. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha James H. Charlesworth, 1983 Gathers Jewish and early Christian religious writings, including apocalyptic literature and testaments of Biblical figures, and includes critical commentaries |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Biblical Canons Jean-Marie Auwers, H. J. de Jonge, 2003 This volume contains the Proceedings of the 50th Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense: the 40 contributions, written in English, French and German, focus on the canons of the Old and New Testament as well as those of the Bible as a whole. The theme is studied from a variety of historical, hermeneutical and biblical-theological points of view. Several contributions discuss the process that resulted in the canonical status of certain writings, or groups of writings, in particular, such as the Book of Psalms, Ezekiel, the Wisdom of Ben Sira, the Pauline corpus, Acts and the gospels. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English Robert Henry Charles, 1913 |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English: Apocrypha Robert Henry Charles, 1913 |
| define pseudepigrapha: Exploring the Scripturesque Robert A. Kraft, 2009 These essays span about a third of a century and include both previously published and some unpublished studies by Robert A. Kraft which focus on interfaces between Jewish materials and the worlds in which they were transmitted and/or perceived, especially Christian contexts. The initial section on general context and methodology is followed by several detailed studies by way of example. The final section touches on some related issues involving Philonic and other texts. The primary concern is with scripturesque materials and traditions, whether they later became canonical or not, that seem to have been respected as scriptural by some individuals or communities in the period prior to (or apart from) the development of an exclusivistic canonical consciousness in some Jewish and Christian circles. |
| define pseudepigrapha: An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity Delbert Burkett, 2002-07-10 Publisher Description |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Pseudepigrapha and Christian Origins Gerbern S. Oegema, James H. Charlesworth, 2011-12-22 In the Seminar The Pseudepigrapha and Christian Origins of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, chaired from 2000 to 2006 by Professors James H. Charlesworth (Princeton) and Gerbern S. Oegema (McGill), the relation between the Pseudepigrapha and the New Testament has been discussed systematically and intensively in a way never seen before. The Pseudepigrapha investigated included the Old Testament ones and those found in the Qumran as well as the Pseudepigrapha of the New Testament and the ones used in the Early Church. The seminar and its participants, who were all internally renowned experts from around the world, have focused on the use, adaptation, reinterpretation and further development of non-canonical traditions (except for Philo, Josephus, the Essene and early Rabbinic writings) in the canonical writings of Early Christianity. The seminar has met in total five times in various locations, while systematically being arranged around the following topics: The Pseudepigrapha and the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John, the Epistles of Paul, the Other New Testament Writings, and the Revelation of John. |
| define pseudepigrapha: A Guide to Early Jewish Texts and Traditions in Christian Transmission Gabriele Boccaccini, Lorenzo DiTommaso, David Hamidovic, Michael E. Stone, 2019-10-14 The Jewish culture of the Hellenistic and early Roman periods established a basis for all monotheistic religions, but its main sources have been preserved to a great degree through Christian transmission. This Guide is devoted to problems of preservation, reception, and transformation of Jewish texts and traditions of the Second Temple period in the many Christian milieus from the ancient world to the late medieval era. It approaches this corpus not as an artificial collection of reconstructed texts--a body of hypothetical originals--but rather from the perspective of the preserved materials, examined in their religious, social, and political contexts. It also considers the other, non-Christian, channels of the survival of early Jewish materials, including Rabbinic, Gnostic, Manichaean, and Islamic. This unique project brings together scholars from many different fields in order to map the trajectories of early Jewish texts and traditions among diverse later cultures. It also provides a comprehensive and comparative introduction to this new field of study while bridging the gap between scholars of early Judaism and of medieval Christianity. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Anchor Bible Dictionary: O-Sh David Noel Freedman, 1992 Contains over six thousand alphabetically arranged entries that provide information about developments and issues associated with the study of the Bible, covering people and places, versions of the Bible, methodologies of Bible scholarship, and historical and archaeological subjects, and includes illustrations, cross-references, and bibliographies. |
| define pseudepigrapha: Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters Matthias Henze, Rodney A. Werline, 2020-11-29 An essential resource for scholars and students Since the publication of the first edition of Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters in 1986, the field of early Judaism has exploded with new data, the publication of additional texts, and the adoption of new methods. This new edition of the classic resource honors the spirit of the earlier volume and focuses on the scholarly advances in the past four decades that have led to the study of early Judaism becoming an academic discipline in its own right. Essays written by leading scholars in the study of early Judaism fall into four sections: historical and social settings; methods, manuscripts, and materials; early Jewish literatures; and the afterlife of early Judaism. |
| define pseudepigrapha: Tenue est mendacium Klaus Lennartz, Javier Martínez, 2022-04-07 Many new and fruitful avenues of investigation open up when scholars consider forgery as a creative act rather than a crime. We invited authors to contribute work without imposing any restrictions beyond a willingness to consider new approaches to the subject of ancient fakes, forgeries, and questions of authenticity. The result is this volume, in which our aim is to display some of the many possibilities available to scholarship. The exposure of fraud and the pursuit of truth may still be valid scholarly goals, but they implicitly demand that we confront the status of any text as a focal point for matters of belief and conviction. Recent approaches to forgery have begun to ask new questions, some intended purely for the sake of debate: Ought we to consider any author to have some inherent authenticity that precludes the possibility of a forger's successful parody? If every fake text has a real context, what can be learned about the cultural circumstances which give rise to forgeries? If every real text can potentially engender a parallel history of fakes, what can this alternative narrative teach us? What epistemological prejudices can lead us to swear a fake is genuine, or dismiss the real thing as inauthentic? Following Splendide Mendax and Animo Decipiendi?, this is the latest installment of an ongoing inquiry, conducted by scholars in numerous countries, into how the ancient world - its literature and culture, its history and art - appears when viewed through the lens of fakes and forgeries, sincerities and authenticities, genuine signatures and pseudepigrapha. How does scholarship tell the truth if evidence doesn't? But fabula docet: The falsum does not simply make the great, annoying stone before the door of the truth (otherwise this here would really be a council of antiquarians and paleographers). The falsum makes a delicate, fine tissue. It allows the verum to shine through, in nuances and reliefs that were less noticeable without its counterpart, really tied at the head. And, treated differentiated, it becomes even itself perlucidum, shines out with hidden values. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Septuagint Jennifer Dines, 2004-05-01 Jennifer Dines provides an introductory survey of current scholarship on the Greek Bible - the Septuagint. She outlines its origins in the third to first centuries BCE, going on to trace its subsequent history to the fifth century CE. The Septuagint's relationship with the standard Hebrew text and its translational characteristics are examined, as is its value as a collection with its own literary and exegetical character. The Septuagint is shown to be an important source for biblical studies (both Old and New Testament), to make a distinctive contribution to the history of biblical interpretation, and to be of considerable interest for understanding the early development of both Judaism and Christianity. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia William Dwight Whitney, 1895 |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Century Dictionary: The Century dictionary , 1895 |
| define pseudepigrapha: Does It Matter Who Wrote the Bible? David B. Capes, 2025-05-20 Students in seminary or graduate theology programs learn that some books in the Bible are anonymous. Their professors will make the point that many Pauline letters have disputed authorship and may in fact not be written by Paul. Students will also learn about the practice of pseudonymity in the world of the Bible and how some Gospels or letters are written under a false name. Now for those who become pastors or church leaders, what are they to do with what they learn? Do they teach their congregants about these authorship questions? Do they ignore that part of their training as irrelevant to the task? Do they avoid teaching or reading publicly from disputed books? Do these questions not matter in the end because the church settled on the canon? This book aims to address these pastoral challenges. An international group of scholars from universities, seminaries, and graduate theology programs convened to discuss these matters at the Lanier Theological Library in May 2022. These essays represent how many faculty are wrestling with the pastoral implications of anonymity and pseudonymity in the New Testament. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century dictionary William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, 1897 |
| define pseudepigrapha: Apocalypse of Abraham G. H. Box, J. I Landsman, W. O. E. Oesterley, 2023-03-16 |
| define pseudepigrapha: 'Noncanonical' Religious Texts in Early Judaism and Early Christianity Lee Martin McDonald, James H. Charlesworth, 2012-04-05 Discusses ancient religious texts, especially the so-called 'non-canonical' texts, by focusing on how they were used or functioned in Early Judaism and Early Christianity. |
| define pseudepigrapha: Reading and Re-Reading Scripture at Qumran (2 vol. set) Moshe J. Bernstein, 2013-06-21 In Reading and Re-reading Scripture at Qumran, Moshe J. Bernstein gathers more than three decades of his work on diverse aspects of biblical interpretation in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The essays range from broad surveys of the genres of biblical interpretation in these texts to more narrowly focused studies and close readings of specific documents. Volume I focuses on the book of Genesis, with a substantial portion being dedicated to studies of the Genesis Apocryphon and Commentary on Genesis A. Volume II contains several historical and programmatic essays, with specific studies focusing on legal material in the DSS and the pesharim. Under the former rubric, the documents known as 4QReworked Pentateuch, 4QOrdinancesa, 4QMMT, and the Temple Scroll are discussed. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Acts of the Apostles , 2010-12-01 Acts is the sequel to Luke's gospel and tells the story of Jesus's followers during the 30 years after his death. It describes how the 12 apostles, formerly Jesus's disciples, spread the message of Christianity throughout the Mediterranean against a background of persecution. With an introduction by P.D. James. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Pastoral Epistles Stanley E. Porter, 2023-10-17 Leading New Testament scholar Stanley Porter offers a comprehensive commentary on the Pastoral Epistles that features rigorous biblical scholarship and emphasizes Greek language and linguistics. This book breaks new ground in its interpretation of these controversial letters by focusing on the Greek text and utilizing a linguistically informed exegetical method that draws on various elements in contemporary language study. Porter pays attention to the overall argument of the Pastoral Epistles while also analyzing word meanings and grammatical structures to tease out the textual meaning. Porter addresses major exegetical issues that arise in numerous highly disputed passages and--while attentive to the history of scholarship on First Timothy, Second Timothy, and Titus--often takes untraditional or innovative positions to blaze a new path forward rather than adopt settled answers. This commentary will appeal to professors, students, and scholars of the New Testament. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Century Dictionary William Dwight Whitney, 1890 |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Century Dictionary: The Century dictionary William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, 1895 |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Century Dictionary William Dwight Whitney, |
| define pseudepigrapha: That He Might Be Revealed Rhonda G. Crutcher, 2015-08-11 Water is a core symbol in the Gospel of John and is particularly prevalent in passages that involve the revelation of Jesus's identity. Using Richard Bauckham's category of a Christology of Divine Identity, That He Might Be Revealed explores the way the Fourth Evangelist plays on the memory of the major water events of Israel's history and mythology in order to incorporate Jesus into the divine identity. In the water stories of the OT, the distinctive identity and abilities of Yahweh are at stake. Yahweh's victory in these events forever fuses his identity to water imagery so that control of the waters becomes one of the major markers that characterizes and distinguishes him in Jewish thought. The water imagery in John is the author's attempt to tap into this rich accumulation of images and memories to identify Jesus as God himself incarnate. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Visio Pauli and the Gnostic Apocalypse of Paul Jan N. Bremmer, 2007 The Visio Pauli and the Gnostic Apocalypse of Paul is the first modern collection of studies on the most important aspects of the Visio Pauli, the most popular early Christian apocalypse in the Middle Ages. The volume starts with a short study of the textual traditions of the Visio Pauli, its Jewish and early Christian traditions as well as its influence on later literature, such as Dante. This is followed by studies of the Prologue, the four rivers of Eden, the place of the Ocean, the relation between body and soul, the image of hell and its punishments, and the connection with fantastic literature. Finally, a codicological, comparative, and textual re-evaluation of the Coptic translation attempts to correct earlier errors and to rehabilitate the value and interest of this long neglected version of the Visio Pauli. The book is concluded with a study of the earthly tribunal in the fourth heaven of the Gnostic Apocalypse of Paul. As has become customary, the volume is rounded off by an extensive bibliography of the Visio Pauli and the Gnostic Apocalypse of Paul and a detailed index. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English: With Introductions and Critical and Explanatory Notes to the Several Books; Volume 2 R. H. Charles, 2022-10-26 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls: Scripture and the scrolls James H. Charlesworth, 2006 The recovery of 800 documents in the eleven caves on the northwest shores of the Dead Sea is one of the most sensational archeological discoveries in the Holy Land to date. These three volumes, the very best of critical scholarship, demonstrate in detail how the scrolls have revolutionized our knowledge of the text of the Bible, the character of Second Temple Judaism, and the Jewish beginnings of Christianity. |
| define pseudepigrapha: A Teacher for All Generations (2 vols.) Eric F. Mason, 2011-10-28 This collection of essays honors James C. VanderKam on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday and twentieth year on the faculty of the University of Notre Dame. An international group of scholars—including peers specializing in Second Temple Judaism and Biblical Studies, colleagues past and present, and former students—offers essays that interact in various ways with ideas and themes important in VanderKam's own work. The collection is divided into five sections spanning two volumes. The first volume includes essays on the Hebrew Bible and ancient Near East along with studies on Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Essays in the second volume address topics in early Judaism, Enoch traditions and Jubilees, and the New Testament and early Christianity. |
| define pseudepigrapha: From Enoch to Tobit Devorah Dimant, 2017-08-23 Publisher's description: The volume assembles twenty previously published studies by Devorah Dimant, which have been re-edited, updated, and furnished with an introductory essay written especially for this collection. The studies survey and analyze Jewish works composed in Hebrew, Aramaic or Greek during the Second Temple period, and discuss their contents, ideas, and connections to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Particular attention is paid to central issues, such as the apocalyptic worldview and literature and its relationship to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Among others, specific themes related to the Aramaic Tobit and 1 Enoch are analyzed as well as the links detected between the Hebrew Qumran writings Pseudo-Ezekiel and the Apocryphon of Jeremiah and the later apocalyptic works 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch. The introductory essay provides a general framework and pertinent terminology for discussing the literature in question. Together these essays offer a broad and fresh perspective of the Jewish literary scene in antiquity, with special attention to the one nurtured in the land of Israel. |
| define pseudepigrapha: The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud, Volume 1 Mikra Martin-Jan Mulder, 1988-01-01 Series: Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum Section 1 - The Jewish people in the first century Historial geography, political history, social, cultural and religious life and institutions Edited by S. Safrai and M. Stern in cooperation with D. Flusser and W.C. van Unnik Section 2 - The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud Section 3 - Jewish Traditions in Early Christian Literature |
| define pseudepigrapha: Scriptural Interpretation and Community Self-Definition in Luke-Acts and the Writings of Justin Martyr Susan Wendel, 2011-02-14 Scholars of Christian origins often regard Luke-Acts and the writings of Justin Martyr as similar accounts of the replacement of Israel by the non-Jewish church. According to this view, both authors commandeer the Jewish scriptures as the sole possession of non-Jewish Christ-believers, rather than of Jews. Offering a fresh analysis of the exegesis of Luke and Justin, this book uncovers significant differences between their respective depictions of the privileged status that Christ-believers hold in relation to the Jewish scriptures. Although both authors argue that Christ-believers alone possess an inspired capacity to interpret the Jewish scriptures, unlike Justin, Luke envisages an ongoing role for the Jewish people as recipients of the promises that God pledged to Israel. |
| define pseudepigrapha: New Testament studies (philological, versional, and patristic) Bruce M. Metzger, 2019-07-01 |
| define pseudepigrapha: Early Judaism and Modern Culture Gerbem S. Oegema, 2011-03-09 Gerbern Oegema has long been drawn to the noncanonical literature of early Judaism literature written during the time between the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament (300 b.c.e. 200 c.e.). These works, many of which have been lost, forgotten, and rediscovered, are now being studied with ever-increasing enthusiasm by scholars and students alike. Although much recent attention has been given to the literary and historical merits of the Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, and other deutero- and extracanonical writings, Early Judaism and Modern Culture shows that it is also important to study these literary works from a theological perspective. To that end, Oegema considers the reception of early Jewish writings throughout history and identifies their theological contributions to many issues of perennial importance: ethics, politics, gender relations, interreligious dialogue, and more. Oegema demonstrates decisively that these books more than merely objects of academic curiosity have real theological and cultural relevance for churches, synagogues, and society at large today. Through engaging words, Gerbern Oegema invites his readers to appreciate the vibrant and advanced world of the early Jews and how they have left us insights and visions for modern culture. James H. Charlesworth Princeton Theological Seminary In an era when biblical theology is commonly approached from a narrow canonical perspective, Oegema s demonstration of the theological and historical significance of the noncanonical writings of ancient Judaism is refreshing and important. John J. Collins Yale Divinity School |
| define pseudepigrapha: An Introduction to Early Judaism James C. Vanderkam, 2022-01-06 Based on the best archaeological research, this volume explores the history of Judaism during the Second Temple period (516 BCE–70 CE), describing the body of Jewish literature written during these centuries and the most important groups, institutions, and practices of the time. Particularly interesting are VanderKam’s depiction of events associated with Masada and, more briefly, the Bar Kokhba revolt—as well as his commentary on texts unearthed in places like Elephantine and Qumran. Now in its second edition, with additional material and updated throughout, this book remains the preeminent guide to early Judaism for anyone looking for a text that is concise and accessible while still comprehensive—and written by one of the foremost experts in the field. |
| define pseudepigrapha: Jesus in the Jewish World Geza Vermes, 2013-01-26 Geza Vermes is the greatest living Jesus scholar. In this collection of occasional pieces, he explores the world and the context in which Jesus of Nazareth lived and tells the story of the exploration of first-century Palestine by twentieth-century scholars.Informed by the work of a world-class scholar, the articles in this book open to the general reader the findings of some of the major discoveries of the twentieth century such as the Dead Sea Scrolls.This collection of shorter popular pieces, many of which appeared in The Times and other newspapers, makes Vermes' research on Christian origins, the Dead Sea Scrolls and most importantly Jesus the Jew accessible to a wider readership. |
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As well as the familiar equals sign (=) it is also very useful to show if something is not equal to (≠) greater than (>) or less than (<) These are the important signs to know: The "less than" sign …
DEFINE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEFINE definition: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe the…. Learn more.
DEFINE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Define definition: to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.).. See examples of DEFINE used in a sentence.
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∞ is a symbol used to represent unending amounts. Either plus or minus depending on the situation. If y= [+|-]x then x is either positive or negative depending on the situation. y= [+|-]x y …
DEFINE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like.
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List of all math symbols and meaning - equality, inequality, parentheses, plus, minus, times, division, power, square root, percent, per mille,...
define - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 13, 2025 · define (third-person singular simple present defines, present participle defining, simple past and past participle defined) To determine with precision; to mark out with …
Define - definition of define by The Free Dictionary
define - show the form or outline of; "The tree was clearly defined by the light"; "The camera could define the smallest object"
Oxford Learner's Dictionaries | Find definitions, translations, and ...
Look up the meanings of words, abbreviations, phrases, and idioms in our free English Dictionary.
DEFINE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINE is to determine or identify the essential qualities or meaning of. How to use define in a sentence.
Equal, Less and Greater Than Symbols - Math is Fun
As well as the familiar equals sign (=) it is also very useful to show if something is not equal to (≠) greater than (>) or less than (<) These are the important signs to know: The "less than" sign …
DEFINE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEFINE definition: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe the…. Learn more.
DEFINE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Define definition: to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.).. See examples of DEFINE used in a sentence.
List of mathematical symbols - Simple English Wikipedia, the …
∞ is a symbol used to represent unending amounts. Either plus or minus depending on the situation. If y= [+|-]x then x is either positive or negative depending on the situation. y= [+|-]x y …
DEFINE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like.
Math Symbols List (+,-,x,/,=,...) - RapidTables.com
List of all math symbols and meaning - equality, inequality, parentheses, plus, minus, times, division, power, square root, percent, per mille,...
define - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 13, 2025 · define (third-person singular simple present defines, present participle defining, simple past and past participle defined) To determine with precision; to mark out with …
Define - definition of define by The Free Dictionary
define - show the form or outline of; "The tree was clearly defined by the light"; "The camera could define the smallest object"
Oxford Learner's Dictionaries | Find definitions, translations, and ...
Look up the meanings of words, abbreviations, phrases, and idioms in our free English Dictionary.
