Advertisement
| define ecological validity in psychology: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation Bruce B. Frey, 2018-01-29 In an era of curricular changes and experiments and high-stakes testing, educational measurement and evaluation is more important than ever. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of traditional theories and methods, other entries discuss important sociopolitical issues and trends influencing the future of that research and practice. Textbooks, handbooks, monographs and other publications focus on various aspects of educational research, measurement and evaluation, but to date, there exists no major reference guide for students new to the field. This comprehensive work fills that gap, covering traditional areas while pointing the way to future developments. Features: Nearly 700 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes and available in choice of electronic and/or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of education research, measurement, and evaluation to more easily locate directly related entries. (For instance, sample themes include Data, Evaluation, Measurement Concepts & Issues, Research, Sociopolitical Issues, Standards.) Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross References to related entries. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross References will combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: The Ecology of Human Development Urie BRONFENBRENNER, 2009-06-30 Here is a book that challenges the very basis of the way psychologists have studied child development. According to Urie Bronfenbrenner, one of the world's foremost developmental psychologists, laboratory studies of the child's behavior sacrifice too much in order to gain experimental control and analytic rigor. Laboratory observations, he argues, too often lead to the science of the strange behavior of children in strange situations with strange adults for the briefest possible periods of time. To understand the way children actually develop, Bronfenbrenner believes that it will be necessary to observe their behavior in natural settings, while they are interacting with familiar adults over prolonged periods of time. This book offers an important blueprint for constructing such a new and ecologically valid psychology of development. The blueprint includes a complete conceptual framework for analysing the layers of the environment that have a formative influence on the child. This framework is applied to a variety of settings in which children commonly develop, ranging from the pediatric ward to daycare, school, and various family configurations. The result is a rich set of hypotheses about the developmental consequences of various types of environments. Where current research bears on these hypotheses, Bronfenbrenner marshals the data to show how an ecological theory can be tested. Where no relevant data exist, he suggests new and interesting ecological experiments that might be undertaken to resolve current unknowns. Bronfenbrenner's groundbreaking program for reform in developmental psychology is certain to be controversial. His argument flies in the face of standard psychological procedures and challenges psychology to become more relevant to the ways in which children actually develop. It is a challenge psychology can ill-afford to ignore. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Environmental Psychology Mirilia Bonnes, Gianfranco Secchiaroli, 1995-06-22 This textbook provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the rapidly expanding field of environmental psychology. The authors start with a review of the history of environmental psychology, highlighting its interdisciplinary nature. They trace its roots in architecture, ecology and geography, and examine the continuing relationship of these subjects to the psychological tradition. The book then moves through key contemporary lines of research in the field, contrasting models from perception and cognition, such as those of Gibson and Brunswick, with major social psychological approaches as represented by Lewin, Barker and others. The book concludes with an analysis of the most promising areas of research and practice. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Perception and the Representative Design of Psychological Experiments Egon Brunswik, 2023-11-15 |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research Jerome Kirk, Marc L. Miller, 1986 Qualitative research is a sociological and anthropological tradition of inquiry. Most critically, qualitative research involves sustained interaction with the people being studied in their own language, and on their own turf. To see qualitative research as strictly disengaged from any form of counting is to miss the point that its basic strategy depends on the reconciliation of diverse research tactics. It is our view that qualitative research can be performed as social science. Understanding the workings of a scientific endeavor, whether it is of the natural or social variety, entails an appreciation of its objectivity. By this convention, the objectivity of a piece of qualitative research is evaluated in terms of the reliability and validity of its observations - the two concepts to which this monograph is devoted. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: The UX Book Rex Hartson, Pardha S. Pyla, 2025-03-24 The UX Book: Agile Design for a Quality User Experience, Third Edition, takes a practical, applied, hands-on approach to UX design based on the application of established and emerging best practices, principles, and proven methods to ensure a quality user experience. The approach is about practice, drawing on the creative concepts of design exploration and visioning to make designs that appeal to the emotions of users, while moving toward processes that are lightweight, rapid, and agile—to make things as good as resources permit and to value time and other resources in the process.Designed as a textbook for aspiring students and a how-to handbook and field guide for UX professionals, the book is accompanied by in-class exercises and team projects.The approach is practical rather than formal or theoretical. The primary goal is to imbue an understanding of what a good user experience is and how to achieve it. To better serve this, processes, methods, and techniques are introduced early to establish process-related concepts as context for discussion in later chapters. - A comprehensive textbook for UX/human–computer interaction (HCI) design students readymade for the classroom, complete with instructors' manual, dedicated website, sample syllabus, examples, exercises, and lecture slides - Features HCI theory, process, practice, and a host of real-world stories and contributions from industry luminaries to prepare students for working in the field - The only HCI textbook to cover agile methodology, design approaches, and a full, modern suite of classroom material (stemming from tried and tested classroom use by the authors) |
| define ecological validity in psychology: The Essential Brunswik Kenneth R. Hammond, Thomas R. Stewart, 2001-09-20 Egon Brunswik is one of the most brilliant, creative and least understood and appreciated psychologists/philosophers of the 20th century. This book presents a collection of Brunswik's most important papers together with interpretive comments by prominent scholars who explain the intent and development of his thought. This collection and the accompanying diverse examples of the application of his ideas will encourage a deeper understanding of Brunswik in the 21st century than was the case in the 20th century. The 21st century already shows signs of acceptance of Brunswikian thought with the appearance of psychologists with a different focus; emulation of physical science is of less importance, and positive contributions toward understanding behavior outside the laboratory without abandoning rigor are claiming more notice. As a result, Brunswik's theoretical and methodological views are already gaining the attention denied them in the 20th century. The plan of this book is to provide, for the first time, in one place the articles that show the origins of his thought, with all their imaginative and creative spirit, as well as thoughtful, scholarly interpretations of the development, meaning and application of his ideas to modern psychology. Thus, his views will become more understandable and more widely disseminated, as well as advanced through the fresh meaning given to them by the psychologists of the 21st century. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Learning Statistics with R Daniel Navarro, 2013-01-13 Learning Statistics with R covers the contents of an introductory statistics class, as typically taught to undergraduate psychology students, focusing on the use of the R statistical software and adopting a light, conversational style throughout. The book discusses how to get started in R, and gives an introduction to data manipulation and writing scripts. From a statistical perspective, the book discusses descriptive statistics and graphing first, followed by chapters on probability theory, sampling and estimation, and null hypothesis testing. After introducing the theory, the book covers the analysis of contingency tables, t-tests, ANOVAs and regression. Bayesian statistics are covered at the end of the book. For more information (and the opportunity to check the book out before you buy!) visit http://ua.edu.au/ccs/teaching/lsr or http://learningstatisticswithr.com |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Assessing Writing to Support Learning Sandra Murphy, Peggy O'Neill, 2022-11-08 In this book, authors Murphy and O’Neill propose a new way forward, moving away from high-stakes, test-based writing assessment and the curriculum it generates and toward an approach to assessment that centers on student learning and success. Reviewing the landscape of writing assessment and existing research-based theories on writing, the authors demonstrate how a test-based approach to accountability and current practices have undermined effective teaching and learning of writing. This book bridges the gap between real-world writing that takes place in schools, college, and careers and the writing that students are asked to do in standardized writing assessments to offer a new ecological approach to writing assessment. Murphy and O’Neill’s new way forward turns accountability inside out to help teachers understand the role of formative assessments and assessment as inquiry. It also brings the outside in, by bridging the gap between authentic writing and writing assessment. Through these two strands, readers learn how assessment systems can be restructured to become better aligned with contemporary understandings of writing and with best practices in teaching. With examples of assessments from elementary school through college, chapters include guidance on designing assessments to address multiple kinds of writing, integrate reading with writing, and incorporate digital technology and multimodality. Emphasizing the central role that teachers play in systemic reform, the authors offer sample assessments developed with intensive teacher involvement that support learning and provide information for the evaluation of programs and schools. This book is an essential resource for graduate students, instructors, scholars and policymakers in writing assessment, composition, and English education. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Psychology AS Mike Cardwell, Cara Flanagan, 2004 This resource provides a comprehensive set of exam questions for students to test their exam performance using advice from experienced examiners. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Encyclopedia of Research Design Neil J. Salkind, 2010-06-22 To request a free 30-day online trial to this product, visit www.sagepub.com/freetrial Research design can be daunting for all types of researchers. At its heart it might be described as a formalized approach toward problem solving, thinking, and acquiring knowledge—the success of which depends upon clearly defined objectives and appropriate choice of statistical tools, tests, and analysis to meet a project′s objectives. Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. Key Features Covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research Addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences Provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies Uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases Key Themes Descriptive Statistics Distributions Graphical Displays of Data Hypothesis Testing Important Publications Inferential Statistics Item Response Theory Mathematical Concepts Measurement Concepts Organizations Publishing Qualitative Research Reliability of Scores Research Design Concepts Research Designs Research Ethics Research Process Research Validity Issues Sampling Scaling Software Applications Statistical Assumptions Statistical Concepts Statistical Procedures Statistical Tests Theories, Laws, and Principles Types of Variables Validity of Scores The Encyclopedia of Research Design is the perfect instrument for new learners as well as experienced researchers to explore both the original and newest branches of the field. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Environmental Psychology Linda Steg, Agnes E. van den Berg, Judith I. M. de Groot, 2012-04-30 Explores the environment's effects on human wellbeing and behaviour, factors influencing environmental behaviour and ways of encouraging pro-environmental action-- |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Conservation Psychology Susan Clayton, Gene Myers, 2011-09-19 This textbook introduces the reader to the new and emerging field of Conservation Psychology, which explores connections between the study of human behavior and the achievement of conservation goals. People are often cast as villains in the story of environmental degradation, seen primarily as a threat to healthy ecosystems and an obstacle to conservation. But humans are inseparable from natural ecosystems. Understanding how people think about, experience, and interact with nature is crucial for promoting environmental sustainability as well as human well-being. The book first summarizes theory and research on human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to nature and goes on to review research on people's experience of nature in wild, managed, and urban settings. Finally, it examines ways to encourage conservation-oriented behavior at both individual and societal levels. Throughout, the authors integrate a wide body of published literature to demonstrate how and why psychology is relevant to promoting a more sustainable relationship between humans and nature. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Ecological Identity Mitchell Thomashow, 1996-07-25 Through theoretical discussion as well as hands-on participatory learning approaches, Thomashow provides concerned citizens, teachers, and students with the tools needed to become reflective environmentalists. Mitchell Thomashow, a preeminent educator, shows how environmental studies can be taught from different perspective, one that is deeply informed by personal reflection. Through theoretical discussion as well as hands-on participatory learning approaches, Thomashow provides concerned citizens, teachers, and students with the tools needed to become reflective environmentalists. What do I know about the place where I live? Where do things come from? How do I connect to the earth? What is my purpose as a human being? These are the questions that Thomashow identifies as being at the heart of environmental education. Developing a profound sense of oneself in relationship to natural and social ecosystems is necessary grounding for the difficult work of environmental advocacy. In this book he provides a clear and accessible guide to the learning experiences that accompany the construction of an ecological identity: using the direct experience of nature as a framework for personal decisions, professional choices, political action, and spiritual inquiry. Ecological Identity covers the different types of environmental thought and activism (using John Muir, Henry David Thoreau, and Rachel Carson as environmental archetypes, but branching out into ecofeminism and bioregionalism), issues of personal property and consumption, political identity and citizenship, and integrating ecological identity work into environmental studies programs. Each chapter has accompanying learning activities such as the Sense of Place Map, a Community Network Map, and the Political Genogram, most of which can be carried out on an individual basis. Although people from diverse backgrounds become environmental activists and enroll in environmental studies programs, they are rarely encouraged to examine their own history, motivations, and aspirations. Thomashow's approach is to reveal the depth of personal experience that underlies contemporary environmentalism and to explore, interpret, and nurture the learning spaces made possible when people are moved to contemplate their experience of nature. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Cognitive Psychology Carol Brown, 2006-12-28 Cognitive Psychology provides student readers with essential help with all aspects of their first course in cognitive psychology, including advice on revising for exams, preparing and writing course assessment materials, and enhancing and progressing their knowledge and skills in line with course requirements in cognitive psychology. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Ecological Settings and Processes , 2015-04-06 The essential reference for human development theory, updated and reconceptualized The Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, a four-volume reference, is the field-defining work to which all others are compared. First published in 1946, and now in its Seventh Edition, the Handbook has long been considered the definitive guide to the field of developmental science. Volume 4: Ecological Settings and Processes in Developmental Systems is centrally concerned with the people, conditions, and events outside individuals that affect children and their development. To understand children's development it is both necessary and desirable to embrace all of these social and physical contexts. Guided by the relational developmental systems metatheory, the chapters in the volume are ordered them in a manner that begins with the near proximal contexts in which children find themselves and moving through to distal contexts that influence children in equally compelling, if less immediately manifest, ways. The volume emphasizes that the child's environment is complex, multi-dimensional, and structurally organized into interlinked contexts; children actively contribute to their development; the child and the environment are inextricably linked, and contributions of both child and environment are essential to explain or understand development. Understand the role of parents, other family members, peers, and other adults (teachers, coaches, mentors) in a child's development Discover the key neighborhood/community and institutional settings of human development Examine the role of activities, work, and media in child and adolescent development Learn about the role of medicine, law, government, war and disaster, culture, and history in contributing to the processes of human development The scholarship within this volume and, as well, across the four volumes of this edition, illustrate that developmental science is in the midst of a very exciting period. There is a paradigm shift that involves increasingly greater understanding of how to describe, explain, and optimize the course of human life for diverse individuals living within diverse contexts. This Handbook is the definitive reference for educators, policy-makers, researchers, students, and practitioners in human development, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and neuroscience. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Understanding Your Users Kathy Baxter, Catherine Courage, Kelly Caine, 2015-04-28 This new and completely updated edition is a comprehensive, easy-to-read, how-to guide on user research methods. You'll learn about many distinct user research methods and also pre- and post-method considerations such as recruiting, facilitating activities or moderating, negotiating with product developments teams/customers, and getting your results incorporated into the product. For each method, you'll understand how to prepare for and conduct the activity, as well as analyze and present the data - all in a practical and hands-on way. Each method presented provides different information about the users and their requirements (e.g., functional requirements, information architecture). The techniques can be used together to form a complete picture of the users' needs or they can be used separately throughout the product development lifecycle to address specific product questions. These techniques have helped product teams understand the value of user experience research by providing insight into how users behave and what they need to be successful. You will find brand new case studies from leaders in industry and academia that demonstrate each method in action. This book has something to offer whether you are new to user experience or a seasoned UX professional. After reading this book, you'll be able to choose the right user research method for your research question and conduct a user research study. Then, you will be able to apply your findings to your own products. Completely new and revised edition includes 30+% new content! Discover the foundation you need to prepare for any user research activity and ensure that the results are incorporated into your products Includes all new case studies for each method from leaders in industry and academia |
| define ecological validity in psychology: A Student's Dictionary of Psychology and Neuroscience Nicky Hayes, Peter Stratton, 2022-03-14 An essential reference work for any student studying psychology for the first time, A Student's Dictionary of Psychology and Neuroscience (Seventh Edition) provides over 2,500 definitions of complex concepts in clear and accessible language alongside helpful diagrams. The dictionary offers comprehensive coverage of the main contemporary terms in psychology and neuroscience. This new edition features updated references which will be particularly relevant to the key areas of neuroscience and neuropsychology and also to recent concepts of psychological significance, such as expanded coverage of research methods, internet psychology, cognitive psychology and social psychology. The dictionary also features end material with useful notes for constructing student essays as well as key references and a list of common abbreviations. Extensive cross-referencing allows students to follow up and identify further details of a given topic, and mini-biographies of key psychologists help to provide relevant context. A Student's Dictionary of Psychology and Neuroscience is the perfect accompaniment for any student newly encountering this fascinating subject, those taking related disciplines in the health or social sciences, or professionals wanting to familiarise themselves with key terms and ideas. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Sport Psychology Nicholas T. Gallucci, 2013-12-04 Sport Psychology, 2nd Edition provides a synthesis of the major topics in sport psychology with an applied focus and an emphasis on achieving optimal performance. After exploring the history of sport psychology, human motivation, and the role of exercise, there are three main sections to the text: Performance Enhancement, Performance Inhibition, and Individuals and Teams. The first of these sections covers topics such as anxiety, routines, mental imagery, self-talk, enhancing concentration, relaxation, goals, and self-confidence. The section on Performance Inhibition includes chapters on choking under pressure, self-handicapping, procrastination, perfectionism, helplessness, substance abuse, and disruptive personality factors. While much of the information presented is universally applicable, individual differences based on gender, ethnicity, age, and motivation are emphasized in the concluding section on Individuals and Teams. Throughout, there are case studies of well-known athletes from a variety of sports to illustrate topics that are being explored. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Methods and Environmental Psychology Andrew Baum, Jerome E. Singer, 1985 |
| define ecological validity in psychology: A Student's Dictionary of Psychology Dr Nicky Hayes, Peter Stratton, Nicky Hayes, 2013-11-26 A Student’s Dictionary of Psychology is an essential reference for all undergraduate psychology students and those studying psychology for the first time, including those in related disciplines such as health care and social science. It provides the reader with clear definitions of key concepts from all areas of psychology. This new edition of A Student’s Dictionary of Psychology adopts a slightly different format and extended content to previous editions, but it continues to be an ‘explaining’ dictionary rather than simply a set of one-line definitions. Following up all the references and cross-references relating to a topic should give the reader a reasonable overview of the subject; in that sense, the authors have often referred to it as a kind of random-access textbook, as well as a dictionary of the main terms in psychology. Key features include: Over 2,400 entries in total; Extensive cross referencing for easy navigation; Mini biographies of key psychologists; Common abbreviations and a list of key reference works; Study notes section. This new edition includes increased coverage of psychoneurology, social, clinical, and cognitive psychology, and research methodology, as well as several other terms which have come into common usage in recent years. It also includes a list of common abbreviations, and expanded coverage of significant figures in the history of psychology. This comprehensive dictionary will support the reader all the way through their psychology studies. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Handbook of Environmental Psychology and Quality of Life Research Ghozlane Fleury-Bahi, Enric Pol, Oscar Navarro, 2016-08-12 This Handbook presents a broad overview of the current research carried out in environmental psychology which puts into perspective quality of life and relationships with living spaces, and shows how this original analytical framework can be used to understand different environmental and societal issues. Adopting an original approach, this Handbook focuses on the links with other specialties in psychology, especially social and health psychology, together with other disciplines such as geography, architecture, sociology, anthropology, urbanism and engineering. Faced with the problems of society which involve the quality of life of individuals and communities, it is fundamental to consider the relationships an individual has with his different living spaces. This issue of the links between quality of life and environment is becoming increasingly significant with, at a local level, problems resulting from different types of annoyances, such as pollution and noise, while, at a global level, there is the central question of climate change with its harmful consequences for humans and the planet. How can the impact on well-being of environmental nuisances and threats (for example, natural risks, pollution, and noise) be reduced? How can the quality of life within daily living spaces (home, cities, work environments) be improved? Why is it important to understand the psychological issues of our relationship with the global environment (climatic warming, ecological behaviours)? This Handbook is intended not only for students of various disciplines (geography, architecture, psychology, town planning, etc.) but also for social decision-makers and players who will find in it both theoretical and methodological perspectives, so that psychological and environmental dimensions can be better taken into account in their working practices. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Multimodal Behavior Analysis in the Wild Xavier Alameda-Pineda, Elisa Ricci, Nicu Sebe, 2018-11-13 Multimodal Behavioral Analysis in the Wild: Advances and Challenges presents the state-of- the-art in behavioral signal processing using different data modalities, with a special focus on identifying the strengths and limitations of current technologies. The book focuses on audio and video modalities, while also emphasizing emerging modalities, such as accelerometer or proximity data. It covers tasks at different levels of complexity, from low level (speaker detection, sensorimotor links, source separation), through middle level (conversational group detection, addresser and addressee identification), and high level (personality and emotion recognition), providing insights on how to exploit inter-level and intra-level links. This is a valuable resource on the state-of-the- art and future research challenges of multi-modal behavioral analysis in the wild. It is suitable for researchers and graduate students in the fields of computer vision, audio processing, pattern recognition, machine learning and social signal processing. - Gives a comprehensive collection of information on the state-of-the-art, limitations, and challenges associated with extracting behavioral cues from real-world scenarios - Presents numerous applications on how different behavioral cues have been successfully extracted from different data sources - Provides a wide variety of methodologies used to extract behavioral cues from multi-modal data |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Current Trends in Textlinguistics Wolfgang U. Dressler, 2014-11-21 No detailed description available for Current Trends in Textlinguistics. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: The Experience of Nature Rachel Kaplan, Stephen Kaplan, 1989-07-28 |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Validity and Validation in Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences Bruno D. Zumbo, Eric K.H. Chan, 2014-09-26 This book combines an overview of validity theory, trends in validation practices and a review of standards and guidelines in several international jurisdictions with research synthesis of the validity evidence in different research areas. An overview of theory is both useful and timely, in view of the increased use of tests and measures for decision-making, ranking and policy purposes in large-scale testing, assessment and social indicators and quality of life research. Research synthesis is needed to help us assemble, critically appraise and integrate the overwhelming volume of research on validity in different contexts. Rather than examining whether any given measure is “valid”, the focus is on a critical appraisal of the kinds of validity evidence reported in the published research literature. The five sources of validity evidence discussed are: content-related, response processes, internal structure, associations with other variables and consequences. The 15 syntheses included here, represent a broad sampling of psychosocial, health, medical and educational research settings, giving us an extensive evidential basis to build upon earlier studies. The book concludes with a meta-synthesis of the 15 syntheses and a discussion of the current thinking of validation practices by leading experts in the field. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Observational Measurement of Behavior Paul Jordan Yoder, Blair Lloyd, Frank James Symons, 2018 This comprehensive textbook introduces graduate students to observational measurement of behavior; it is also a valuable core resource for any clinician whose work includes observational research. The book discusses in depth the theoretical considerations underlying observational research and provides specific recommendations for effective techniques and practices. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: An Ecological Approach to Perceptual Learning and Development Eleanor J. Gibson, Anne D. Pick, 2003-05-15 The essential nature of learning is primarily thought of as a verbal process or function, but this notion conveys that pre-linguistic infants do not learn. Far from being blank slates that passively absorb environmental stimuli, infants are active learners who perceptually engage their environments and extract information from them before language is available. The ecological approach to perceiving-defined as a theory about perceiving by active creatures who look and listen and move around-was spearheaded by Eleanor and James Gibson in the 1950s and culminated in James Gibson's last book in 1979. Until now, no comprehensive theoretical statement of ecological development has been published since Eleanor Gibson's Principles of Perceptual Learning and Development (1969). In An Ecological Approach to Perceptual Learning and Development, distinguished experimental psychologists Eleanor J. Gibson and Anne D. Pick provide a unique theoretical framework for the ecological approach to understanding perceptual learning and development. Perception, in accordance with James Gibson's views, entails a reciprocal relationship between a person and his or her environment: The environment provides resources and opportunities for the person, and the person gets information from and acts on the environment. The concept of affordance is central to this idea; the person acts on what the environment affords, as it is appropriate. This extraordinary volume covers the development of perception in detail from birth through toddlerhood, beginning with the development of communication, going on to perceiving and acting on objects, and then to locomotion. It is more than a presentation of facts about perception as it develops. It outlines the ecological approach and shows how it underlies higher cognitive processes, such as concept formation, as well as discovery of the basic affordances of the environment. This impressive work should serve as the capstone for Eleanor J. Gibson's distinguished career as a developmental and experimental psychologist. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Social Science Research Anol Bhattacherjee, 2012-03-16 This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Research Methods in Psychology for High School Students Jennie Jamison, 2006-08-01 High school teachers face common challenges. How do we assist students to cognitively advance before they typically do on their own? How do we maintain a scholarly atmosphere in the classroom and still keep the material relevant to student lives? The purpose of this book is to turn students into investigators of psychology. I want to reframe student ideas that research is an abstraction, and help them come to the realization that a listing of facts is meaningless without understanding their origin. Once students understand the real meaning of psychological information, the facts have a clear application. This book assists students in designing a simple experiment. The directions are appropriate for a student's first experience with research methods. Students also learn the basics of non-experimental design so they can run simple studies and interpret the meaning of information obtained by the different methods in essays. All teachers can appreciate the problem solving approach to learning about research methods. Scores on all tests formats can improve if students develop a true understanding of methodology. Students remember what they understand! |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Reasons for Realism Edward Reed, Rebecca Jones, 2019-12-16 James J. Gibson’s numerous theoretical and empirical contributions to the understanding of how people perceive were innovative, controversial, often radical, and always profound. Many of his ideas revolutionized the science of perception, and his influence continued to grow throughout the world. This book, originally published in 1982, is a collection of the most important of Gibson’s essays on the psychology of perception. Drawing from the entire corpus of Gibson’s papers, the editors have selected over thirty works dealing with such diverse topics as ecological optics, event perception, pictorial representation, and the conceptual foundations of psychology. The editors’ goals in preparing the volume were twofold: first to provide easy access to Gibson’s most outstanding papers and talks, including some that were previously unpublished; and second, to provide an intellectual biography of Gibson by including essays from the different periods of his career. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Research Methods in Psychology Paul G. Nestor, Russell K. Schutt, 2014-03-12 The Second Edition of Paul G. Nestor and Russell K. Schutt’s successful and unique Research Methods in Psychology: Investigating Human Behavior draws from substantive research stories to illustrate how research is presented while systematically unifying the entire research process within a conceptual framework. This accessible text examines engaging research studies and examples, considering research ethics throughout. “This is a great text that emphasizes the important concepts within research methods. The resources are excellent; they incorporate up-to-date research and technology and introduce the student to empirical articles, and the information is presented in a way that challenges the student to apply the material.” —Maria Pacella, Kent State University “The text is comprehensive. It covers a wide variety of information without being overwhelming. This is a very good textbook for an introductory course in research methods. I like that its focus is on psychological research specifically.” —Angela M. Heads, Prairie View A&M University |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Naming the Mind Kurt Danziger, 1997-05-06 Intelligence, motivation, personality, learning, stimulation, behaviour and attitude are just some of the categories that map the terrain of `psychological reality'. These are the concepts which, among others, underpin theoretical and empirical work in modern psychology - and yet these concepts have only recently taken on their contemporary meanings. This fascinating work is a persuasive explanation of how modern psychology found its language. Kurt Danziger develops an account that goes beyond the taken-for-granted quality of psychological discourse to offer a profound and broad-ranging analysis of the recent evolution of the concepts and categories on which it depends. Danziger explores this process and shows how its conse |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Cultural Issues in Psychology Andrew Stevenson, 2009-10-19 Does our cultural background influence the way we think and feel about ourselves and others? Does our culture affect how we choose our partners, how we define intelligence and abnormality and how we bring up our children? Psychologists have long pondered the relationship between culture and a range of psychological attributes. Cultural Issues In Psychology is an all round student guide to the key studies, theories and controversies which seek to explore human behaviour in a global context. The book explores key controversies in global psychology, such as: Culture: what does it mean and how has it been researched? Relativism and universalism: are they compatible approaches in global research? Ethnocentrism: is psychological research dominated by a few regions of the world? Indigenous psychologies: what are the diverse research traditions from around the world? Research methods and perspectives: how can we compare and contrast cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology? The book also includes detailed examinations of global research into mainstream areas of psychology, such as social, cognitive and developmental psychology, as well as abnormal psychology. With insightful classroom activities and helpful pedagogical features, this detailed, yet accessibly written book gives introductory-level psychology students access to a concise review of key research, issues, controversies and diverse approaches in the area of culture and psychology. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Research in Psychology Kerri A. Goodwin, C. James Goodwin, 2016-12-08 An approachable, coherent, and important text, Research in Psychology: Methods and Design, 8th Edition continues to provide its readers with a clear, concise look at psychological science, experimental methods, and correlational research in this newly updated version. Rounded out with helpful learning aids, step-by-step instructions, and detailed examples of real research studies makes the material easy to read and student-friendly. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: The Development of Intersensory Perception David J. Lewkowicz, Robert Lickliter, 2013-05-13 This book provides the latest information about the development of intersensory perception -- a topic which has recently begun to receive a great deal of attention from researchers studying the general problem of perceptual development. This interest was inspired after the realization that unimodal perception of sensory information is only the first stage of perceptual processing. Under normal conditions, an organism is faced with multiple, multisensory sources of information and its task is to either select a single relevant source of information or select several sources of information and integrate them. In general, perception and action on the basis of multiple sources of information is more efficient and effective. Before greater efficiency and effectiveness can be achieved, however, the organism must be able to integrate the multiple sources of information. By doing so, the organism can then achieve a coherent and unified percept of the world. The various chapters in this book examine the developmental origins of intersensory perceptual capacities by presenting the latest research on the development of intersensory perceptual skills in a variety of different species. By adopting a comparative approach to this problem, this volume as a whole helps uncover similarities as well as differences in the mechanisms underlying the development of intersensory integration. In addition, it shows that there is no longer any doubt that intersensory interactions occur right from the beginning of the developmental process, that the nature of these intersensory interactions changes as development progresses, and that early experience contributes in important ways to these changes. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Research Methods in Psychology Glynis Marie Breakwell, 2006 This Third Edition of this bestselling text retains its status as one of the most accessible, practically useful and theoretically rigorous textbooks on the market today, and has been developed even further to help students get the most from their studies. The textbook is now oriented around three parts focusing on the major processed in conducting research-from formulating research questions, designing research activity, data gathering, and analysis. A rich diversity of methods is now covered, and the book offers extended coverage of qualitative methods-now fundamental in psychological methods courses. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Psychology Research Methods Wendy Heath, 2024-11-18 The second edition of Psychology Research Methods: How to Think About and Write About Research by Wendy Heath engages students with compelling studies relevant to students’ lives, but in a research methods context. By looking underneath the conclusions of these studies to determine which methods they use, students discover the relevance and importance of research methods. Heath also focuses on writing about research methods by presenting examples from across psychology literature as well as writing exercises at the end of each chapter. These features help students complete their research papers with confidence while gaining a greater understanding of research methods through writing. Coverage of descriptive, experimental, quasi-experimental, small-N design, and qualitative methods in psychology give students a broad overview of all methods in this clear text. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: Environmental Psychology Linda Steg, 2018-11-16 The updated edition of the essential guide to environmental psychology Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition, Environmental Psychology: An Introduction offers an overview of the interplay between humans and their environments. The text examines the influence of the environment on human experiences, behaviour and well-being and explores the factors influencing environmental behaviour, and ways to encourage pro-environmental behaviour. The revised edition is a state-of-the art review of relevant theories and research on each of these topics. With contributions from an international panel of noted experts, the text addresses a wealth of topics including the main research methods in environmental psychology; effects of environmental stress; emotional impacts and meanings of natural environment experience; aesthetic appraisals of architecture; how to measure environmental behaviour; cognitive, emotional and social factors explaining environmental behaviour; effects and acceptability of strategies to promote pro-environmental factors; and much more. This important book: Discusses the environmental factors that threaten and promote human wellbeing Explores a wide range of factors influencing actions that affect environmental conditions Discusses the effects and acceptability of approaches that aim to encourage pro-environmental behavior Presents research results conducted in different regions in the world Contains contributions from noted experts Written for scholars and practitioners in the field, the revised edition of Environmental Psychology offers a comprehensive review of the most recent research available in environmental psychology. |
| define ecological validity in psychology: The Science of Real-Time Data Capture Arthur Stone, 2007-04-19 The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has designated the topic of real-time data capture as an important and innovative research area. As such, the NCI sponsored a national meeting of distinguished research scientists to discuss the state of the science in this emerging and burgeoning field. This book reflects the findings of the conference and discusses the state of the science of real-time data capture and its application to health and cancer research. It provides a conceptual framework for minute-by-minute data capture- ecological momentary assessments (EMA)- and discusses health-related topics where these assessements have been applied. In addition, future directions in real-time data capture assessment, interventions, methodology, and technology are discussed.Despite the rapidly growing interest in the methodology of real-time data capture (e.g. journal special issues, widely attended conference presentations, etc.), to date no single book has focused solely on this topic. The volume will serve as an important resource for researchers, students, and government scientists interested in pursuing real-time health research, and will nicely complement our lists in epidemiology, public health, and oncology. |
DEFINE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINE is to determine or identify the essential qualities or meaning of. How to use define in a sentence.
DEFINE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEFINE definition: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe …
Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words
4 days ago · The world’s leading online dictionary: English definitions, synonyms, word origins, example sentences, word games, and more. A …
DEFINE definition and meaning | Collins English Di…
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like.
Define - definition of define by The Free Dictionary
1. to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, etc.). 2. to explain or identify the nature or essential qualities of; describe. 3. to specify: to define …
DEFINE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINE is to determine or identify the essential qualities or meaning of. How to use define in a sentence.
DEFINE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEFINE definition: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe the…. Learn more.
Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words
4 days ago · The world’s leading online dictionary: English definitions, synonyms, word origins, example sentences, word games, and more. A trusted authority for 25+ years!
DEFINE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like.
Define - definition of define by The Free Dictionary
1. to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, etc.). 2. to explain or identify the nature or essential qualities of; describe. 3. to specify: to define responsibilities. 4. to determine or fix the …
DEFINE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Define definition: to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.).. See examples of DEFINE used in a sentence.
DEFINE | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
DEFINE meaning: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe the…. Learn more.
Merriam-Webster: America's Most Trusted Dictionary
Find definitions for over 300,000 words from the most authoritative English dictionary. Continuously updated with new words and meanings.
DEFINITION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINITION is a statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol. How to use definition in a sentence.
Cambridge Dictionary | English Dictionary, Translations & Thesaurus
Free word lists and quizzes to create, download and share! The most popular dictionary and thesaurus for learners of English. Meanings and definitions of words with pronunciations and …
