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| contribution of ibn battuta: The Travels of Ibn Batūta Ibn Batuta, 2012-02-16 An 1829 English edition of the work of the Arab traveller Ibn Battuta (1304-68/9), whose journeys may have reached as far as China and Zanzibar. There is doubt as to whether Ibn Battuta actually saw everything he described, but this account gives a fascinating world-view from the medieval period. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: The Adventures of Ibn Battuta Ross E. Dunn, 2005 Ross Dunn's classic retelling of the travels of Ibn Battuta, a Muslim of the 14th century. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia A. C. S. Peacock, 2019-10-17 A new understanding of the transformation of Anatolia to a Muslim society in the thirteenth-fourteenth centuries based on previously unpublished sources. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Islam and Travel in the Middle Ages Houari Touati, 2010-08 In the Middle Ages, Muslim travelers embarked on a rihla, or world tour, as surveyors, emissaries, and educators. On these journeys, voyagers not only interacted with foreign cultures—touring Greek civilization, exploring the Middle East and North Africa, and seeing parts of Europe—they also established both philosophical and geographic boundaries between the faithful and the heathen. These voyages thus gave the Islamic world, which at the time extended from the Maghreb to the Indus Valley, a coherent identity. Islam and Travel in the Middle Ages assesses both the religious and philosophical aspects of travel, as well as the economic and cultural conditions that made the rihla possible. Houari Touati tracks the compilers of the hadith who culled oral traditions linked to the prophet, the linguists and lexicologists who journeyed to the desert to learn Bedouin Arabic, the geographers who mapped the Muslim world, and the students who ventured to study with holy men and scholars. Travel, with its costs, discomforts, and dangers, emerges in this study as both a means of spiritual growth and a metaphor for progress. Touati’s book will interest a broad range of scholars in history, literature, and anthropology. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment Ahmet T. Kuru, 2019-08-01 Why do Muslim-majority countries exhibit high levels of authoritarianism and low levels of socio-economic development in comparison to world averages? Ahmet T. Kuru criticizes explanations which point to Islam as the cause of this disparity, because Muslims were philosophically and socio-economically more developed than Western Europeans between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Nor was Western colonialism the cause: Muslims had already suffered political and socio-economic problems when colonization began. Kuru argues that Muslims had influential thinkers and merchants in their early history, when religious orthodoxy and military rule were prevalent in Europe. However, in the eleventh century, an alliance between orthodox Islamic scholars (the ulema) and military states began to emerge. This alliance gradually hindered intellectual and economic creativity by marginalizing intellectual and bourgeois classes in the Muslim world. This important study links its historical explanation to contemporary politics by showing that, to this day, ulema-state alliance still prevents creativity and competition in Muslim countries. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: The Heavens and the Earth: Graeco-Roman, Ancient Chinese, and Mediaeval Islamic Images of the World Vittorio Cotesta, 2021-08-16 Vittorio Cotesta’s The Heavens and the Earth traces the origin of the images of the world typical of the Graeco-Roman, Ancient Chinese and Medieval Islamic civilisations. Each of them had its own peculiar way of understanding the universe, life, death, society, power, humanity and its destiny. The comparative analysis carried out here suggests that they all shared a common human aspiration despite their differences: human being is unique; differences are details which enrich its image. Today, the traditions derived from these civilisations are often in competition and conflict. Reference to a common vision of humanity as a shared universal entity should lead, instead, to a quest for understanding and dialogue. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Nature and Identity in Cross-Cultural Perspective A. Buttimer, L. Wallin, 2013-04-17 Nature and Identity in Cross-Cultural Perspective presents 20 essays which explore diverse cultural interpretations of the earth's surface. Contrasted with each other and with the potentially cosmopolitan culture of science, these detailed studies of ways in which different cultures conceptualise nature appear in the context of global environmental change. Understanding across cultural lines has never been more important. This book shows how individual cultures see their own histories as offering protection for nature, while often viewing others as lacking such ethical restraints. Through such writing a discourse of understanding and common action becomes possible. The authors come from the places they discuss, and offer passionate as well as scholarly visions of nature within their cultural homes. Audience: This volume is of interest to academics and professionals working in the fields of cultural geography, environmental history, environmental studies, history of environmental ideas, environmental education, landscape and literature, nature and culture. It can be used for courses in the above-mentioned areas and seminars in comparative literature. It can also be used as a complimentary text to provide cultural context to literary readings, and for seminars on cultural aspects of the environment. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Black Morocco Chouki El Hamel, 2014-02-27 Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam chronicles the experiences, identity and achievements of enslaved black people in Morocco from the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century. Chouki El Hamel argues that we cannot rely solely on Islamic ideology as the key to explain social relations and particularly the history of black slavery in the Muslim world, for this viewpoint yields an inaccurate historical record of the people, institutions and social practices of slavery in Northwest Africa. El Hamel focuses on black Moroccans' collective experience beginning with their enslavement to serve as the loyal army of the Sultan Isma'il. By the time the Sultan died in 1727, they had become a political force, making and unmaking rulers well into the nineteenth century. The emphasis on the political history of the black army is augmented by a close examination of the continuity of black Moroccan identity through the musical and cultural practices of the Gnawa. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: India's Contribution to World Thought and Culture Swami Vivekananda, 1970 |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time Kathleen Bickford Berzock, 2019-02-26 Issued in conjunction with the exhibition Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time, held January 26, 2019-July 21, 2019, Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia William Robertson Smith, 1885 |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Geographical Thought and Evolution Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-03-12 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: The Sea and Civilization Lincoln Paine, 2015-10-27 A monumental retelling of world history through the lens of the sea—revealing in breathtaking depth how people first came into contact with one another by ocean and river, lake and stream, and how goods, languages, religions, and entire cultures spread across and along the world’s waterways, bringing together civilizations and defining what makes us most human. The Sea and Civilization is a mesmerizing, rhapsodic narrative of maritime enterprise, from the origins of long-distance migration to the great seafaring cultures of antiquity; from Song Dynasty human-powered paddle-boats to aircraft carriers and container ships. Lincoln Paine takes the reader on an intellectual adventure casting the world in a new light, in which the sea reigns supreme. Above all, Paine makes clear how the rise and fall of civilizations can be linked to the sea. An accomplishment of both great sweep and illuminating detail, The Sea and Civilization is a stunning work of history. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: African Dominion Michael A. Gomez, 2018-01-01 A groundbreaking history that puts early and medieval West Africa in a global context Pick up almost any book on early and medieval world history and empire, and where do you find West Africa? On the periphery. This pioneering book, the first on this period of the region’s history in a generation, tells a different story. Interweaving political and social history and drawing on a rich array of sources, including Arabic manuscripts, oral histories, and recent archaeological findings, Michael Gomez unveils a new vision of how categories of ethnicity, race, gender, and caste emerged in Africa and in global history more generally. Scholars have long held that such distinctions arose during the colonial period, but Gomez shows they developed much earlier. Focusing on the Savannah and Sahel region, Gomez traces the exchange of ideas and influences with North Africa and the Central Islamic Lands by way of merchants, scholars, and pilgrims. Islam’s growth in West Africa, in tandem with intensifying commerce that included slaves, resulted in a series of political experiments unique to the region, culminating in the rise of empire. A major preoccupation was the question of who could be legally enslaved, which together with other factors led to the construction of new ideas about ethnicity, race, gender, and caste—long before colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade. Telling a radically new story about early Africa in global history, African Dominion is set to be the standard work on the subject for many years to come. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Concubines and Courtesans Matthew Gordon, Kathryn A. Hain, 2017 Concubines and Courtesans contains sixteen essays on enslaved and freed women across medieval and pre-modern Islamic social history. The essays consider questions of slavery, gender, social networking, cultural production, sexuality, Islamic family law, and religion in the shaping of Near Eastern and Islamic society over time. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: 1001 Inventions Salim T. S. Al-Hassani, Elizabeth Woodcock, Rabah Saoud, 2007 This book is about a Golden Age of civilization from 600 to 1600, often regarded as the Dark Ages. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: The History of Africa Molefi Kete Asante, 2014-10-10 There is a paradox about Africa: it remains a subject that attracts considerable attention yet rarely is there a full appreciation of its complexity. African historiography has typically consisted of writing Africa for Europe—instead of writing Africa for itself, as itself, from its own perspectives. The History of Africa redresses this by letting the perspectives of Africans themselves take center stage. Authoritative and comprehensive, this book provides a wide-ranging history of Africa from earliest prehistory to the present day—using the cultural, social, political, and economic lenses of Africa as instruments to illuminate the ordinary lives of Africans. The result is a fresh survey that includes a wealth of indigenous ideas, African concepts, and traditional outlooks that have escaped the writing of African history in the West. The new edition includes information on the Arab Spring, the rise of FrancAfrica, the presence of the Chinese in Africa, and the birth of South Sudan. The chapters go up to the present day, addressing US President Barack Obama's policies toward Africa. A new companion website provides students and scholars of Africa with access to a wealth of supporting resources for each chapter, including images, video and audio clips, and links to sites for further research. This straightforward, illustrated, and factual text allows the reader to access the major developments, personalities, and events on the African continent. This groundbreaking survey is an indispensable guide to African history. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge Roxanne L. Euben, 2008-07-21 The contemporary world is increasingly defined by dizzying flows of people and ideas. But while Western travel is associated with a pioneering spirit of discovery, the dominant image of Muslim mobility is the jihadi who travels not to learn but to destroy. Journeys to the Other Shore challenges these stereotypes by charting the common ways in which Muslim and Western travelers negotiate the dislocation of travel to unfamiliar and strange worlds. In Roxanne Euben's groundbreaking excursion across cultures, geography, history, genre, and genders, travel signifies not only a physical movement across lands and cultures, but also an imaginative journey in which wonder about those who live differently makes it possible to see the world differently. In the book we meet not only Herodotus but also Ibn Battuta, the fourteenth-century Moroccan traveler. Tocqueville's journeys are set against a five-year sojourn in nineteenth-century Paris by the Egyptian writer and translator Rifa'a Rafi' al-Tahtawi, and Montesquieu's novel Persian Letters meets with the memoir of an East African princess, Sayyida Salme. This extraordinary book shows that curiosity about the unknown, the quest to understand foreign cultures, critical distance from one's own world, and the desire to remake the foreign into the familiar are not the monopoly of any single civilization or epoch. Euben demonstrates that the fluidity of identities, cultures, and borders associated with our postcolonial, globalized world has a long history--one shaped not only by Western power but also by an Islamic ethos of travel in search of knowledge. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: 1001 Inventions Salim T. S. Al-Hassani, 2012-02-28 Imagine it is the seventh century. As most of Europe continues its descent into a long period of intellectually dormancy, a quiet yet powerful academic revolution is erupting in another corner of the world. Over the next centuries, the geniuses of Muslim society will thrust the boundaries of knowledge forward to such a degree that their innovations still shape civilizations to this day. The staggering achievements of these men and women influenced the development of modern mathematics, science, engineering, and medicine. 1001 Inventions: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Civilization sheds new light on this golden era that was once lost to so many, and celebrates the heritage that we all share--Page 4 of cover. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Imagining the World O. R. Dathorne, 1994-03-23 This is a study of the manner in which certain mythical notions of the world become accepted as fact. Dathorne shows how particular European concepts such as El Dorado, the Fountain of Youth, a race of Amazons, and monster (including cannibal) images were first associated with the Orient. After the New World encounter they were repositioned to North and South America. The book examines the way in which Arabs and Africans are conscripted into the view of the world and takes an unusual, non-Eurocentric viewpoint of how Africans journeyed to the New World and Europe, participating in, what may be considered, an early stage of world exploration and discovery. The study concludes by looking at European travel literature from the early journeys of St. Brendan, through the Viking voyages and up to Marco Polo and Sir John Mandeville. In all these instances, the encounters seem to justify mythical belief. Dathorne's interest in the subject is both intellectual and passionate since, coming from Guyana, he was very much part of this malformed Weltschmerz. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: The Travels of Ibn Battuta Janet Hardy-Gould, 2010 A retelling of the travels of Moroccan scholar Ibn Battuta in North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia during the fourteenth century, told in simplified language for new readers. Includes activities to enhance reading comprehension skills and improve vocabulary. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: The Life of Ibn Sina , 1974-06-30 |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Contribution of Islam to World Civilization and Culture Gyula Germanus, 1981 |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Arab Cartographers Nakoa Rainfall, AI, 2025-03-20 Arab Cartographers explores the groundbreaking contributions of Middle Eastern scholars to cartography, navigation, and global trade during the medieval period. Challenging Eurocentric views, the book reveals how these Arab mapmakers not only preserved ancient geographical knowledge but also revolutionized it. They developed advanced techniques, like improved map projections and the use of astronomical observations for precise positioning, significantly impacting exploration and commerce. These advancements facilitated the expansion of trade routes across continents and fostered cultural exchange, demonstrating the intellectual ingenuity of the Arab world. The book examines the evolution of cartographic techniques, the advancement of navigational science, and the facilitation of global trade through accurate maps. Beginning with the Golden Age of Islam, a period of translation and preservation of classical texts, the book illustrates how Arab scholars built upon this foundation, incorporating indigenous knowledge. Key figures, such as al-Idrisi and Ibn Battuta, are analyzed, highlighting their impact on shaping our understanding of the world. The book progresses across chapters by first introducing foundational concepts, then delving into specific advancements, and finally exploring the practical applications and implications of these advancements. By combining scholarly rigor with accessible prose, Arab Cartographers appeals to both academic and general audiences interested in history, earth sciences, and geography. It utilizes original Arabic manuscripts, historical accounts, and analyses of surviving maps to provide a comprehensive look at the Arab world's influence on mapmaking and its lasting impact on global history. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: History of Islamic Economic Thought Abdul Azim Islahi, 2014 This unique book highlights the contributions made by Muslim scholars to economic thought throughout history, a topic that has received relatively little attention in mainstream economics. Abdul Azim Islahi discusses various ways in which Muslim ideas reached the European West, influencing scholars and helping to form the foundations of modern economic ideas and theories. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Arabs Tim Mackintosh-Smith, 2019-04-30 A riveting, comprehensive history of the Arab peoples and tribes that explores the role of language as a cultural touchstone This kaleidoscopic book covers almost 3,000 years of Arab history and shines a light on the footloose Arab peoples and tribes who conquered lands and disseminated their language and culture over vast distances. Tracing this process to the origins of the Arabic language, rather than the advent of Islam, Tim Mackintosh-Smith begins his narrative more than a thousand years before Muhammad and focuses on how Arabic, both spoken and written, has functioned as a vital source of shared cultural identity over the millennia. Mackintosh-Smith reveals how linguistic developments--from pre-Islamic poetry to the growth of script, Muhammad's use of writing, and the later problems of printing Arabic--have helped and hindered the progress of Arab history, and investigates how, even in today's politically fractured post-Arab Spring environment, Arabic itself is still a source of unity and disunity. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Dictionary of African Historical Biography Mark R. Lipschutz, R. Kent Rasmussen, 1986 The acclaimed Dictionary of African Historical Biography, the only single-volume biographical work on Sub-Saharan African history, has been expanded and updated to include entries on over eight hundred people important in Sub-Saharan African history up to 1980. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Travels with a Tangerine Tim Mackintosh-Smith, 2012-03-15 Ibn Battutah set out in 1325 from his native Tangier on the pilgrimage to Mecca. By the time he returned twenty-nine years later, he had visited most of the known world, travelling three times the distance Marco Polo covered. Spiritual backpacker, social climber, temporary hermit and failed ambassador, he braved brigands, blisters and his own prejudices. The outcome was a monumental travel classic. Captivated by this indefatigable man, award-winning travel writer Tim Mackintosh-Smith set out on his own eventful journey, retracing the Moroccan's eccentric trip from Tangier to Constantinople. Tim proves himself a perfect companion to this distant traveller, and the result is an amazing blend of personalities, history and contemporary observation. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits Laila Lalami, 2005-10-07 “A dream of a debut, by turns troubling and glorious, angry and wise.” —Junot Diaz Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits, the debut of Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award finalist Laila Lalami, evokes the grit and enduring grace that is modern Morocco. The book begins as four Moroccans illegally cross the Strait of Gibraltar in an inflatable boat headed for Spain.What has driven them to risk their lives? And will the rewards prove to be worth the danger? There’s Murad, a gentle, unemployed man who’s been reduced to hustling tourists around Tangier; Halima, who’s fleeing her drunken husband and the slums of Casablanca; Aziz, who must leave behind his devoted wife in hope of securing work in Spain; and Faten, a student and religious fanatic whose faith is at odds with an influential man determined to destroy her future. Sensitively written with beauty and boldness, this is a gripping book about what propels people to risk their lives in search of a better future. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: The Chobanids of Kastamonu Bruno De Nicola, 2024-02-06 This book provides a novel approach to the history of medieval Anatolia by analysing political, religious and cultural developments in the region of Kastamonu during the reign of the Chobanid dynasty (c. 1211–1309). During the 13th century, the Chobanids consolidated a local dynasty in western Anatolia – a borderland between Islam and Christianity – becoming cultural actors patronising the production of religious, scientific and administrative works in the Persian language. These works, though surviving today in manuscript form, have received little attention in modern historiography. The book therefore attends to this gap in the research, incorporating a detailed study of texts by little-known authors from the time. The book explores the relationship between Islam and the Chobanid dynasty in the context of the wider process of Islamisation in medieval Anatolia, hypothesising that Turkmen dynasties played a fundamental role in this process of Islamisation and acculturation. The Chobanids of Kastamonu, then, offers an in-depth study of a Turkmen local dynasty that achieved political autonomy, financial independence and cultural patronage in medieval Anatolia vis-à-vis the main political powers of the time. Attentive to religious diversity, state formation and processes of transculturation in medieval Anatolia, the book is key reading for scholars of Middle Eastern history and Islamic studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 license. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: World History Steven Wallech, Touraj Daryaee, Craig Hendricks, Anne Lynne Negus, Peter P. Wan, Gordon Morris Bakken, 2013-01-22 World History: A Concise Thematic Analysis presents the highly anticipated second edition of the most affordable and accessible survey of world history designed for use at the college level. An engaging narrative that contextualizes history and does not drown students in a sea of facts Offers a comparative analysis of the great civilizations of Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas Addresses themes of population dynamics, food production challenges, disease history, warfare, and other major issues for civilizations Features new interior design and organization to enhance user experience Instructor’s test bank available online at www.wiley.com/go/wallech |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Portuguese Jews and New Christians in Colonial Brazil, 1500-1822 Alan P. Marcus, 2024-11-15 The diaspora of Portuguese Jews and New Christians, known as Gente da Nação (People of the Nation), is considered the largest European diaspora of the early modern period. Portuguese Jews not only founded the first congregations and synagogues in Brazil (Recife and Olinda), but when they left Brazil they played an imperative role in establishing the first Jewish communities in Suriname, throughout the Caribbean, and in North America. Portuguese Jews and New Christians and their descendants were deeply involved in the colonial enterprise in Brazil. They were among the New World’s first sugarcane-industry experts, skilled laborers, merchants, rabbis, calligraphists, playwrights, poets, writers, pharmacists, medical doctors, real estate brokers, and geographers—a fact that remains largely unknown in most public and academic spheres. Drawing on nearly twenty thousand digitized dossiers of the Portuguese Inquisition, this volume offers a comprehensive, critical overview informed by both relatively inaccessible secondary sources and a significant body of primary sources. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World Marshall Cavendish Reference, 2011 The three books comprising the Muslim World series provide a rich and balanced view of all aspects of Islamic religion and its varied manifestations through time and around the world, with emphasis on understanding modern Muslim society today. Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World contains hundreds of short entries on Islamic concepts, religious practices, historical events and personalities, geographical places, and fact files of nations with large Muslim populations. Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures begins with 14 chapters introducing the ideas promoted by the religion's founder in the seventh century and tracking their development into new doctrines, schools of thought, and philosophical, literary, and cultural traditions as diverse as recitation of scripture in madrassas in Egypt to gift giving at holiday time in the United States. Among the numerous special features are those examining the meanings of jihad, the persistence of mystical Islam, and stand-up comedy addressing the cultural divides surrounding muslims today. Modern Muslim Societies, with a total of twenty-three chapters, devotes nine to subjects such as family life, marriage, law, human rights, and Muslim extremism before turning to fourteen regional surveys on manifestations of Islam around the world, including the United States and Canada, Iran, Southeast Asia, Africa, and everywhere else Islam has flourished. From the women around Muhammad to pop stars of today, from medieval caliphates to breakthroughs in science and medicine, from love poetry to suicide, no aspect of a rich and diverse story goes unnoticed in the three books of Muslim World. Religion, philosophy, politics, economy, society, law, history, visual arts, architecture, literature -- all sides of Islamic thought and Muslim ways of life receive attention in this uniquely organized presentation for students and interested general readers. - Publisher. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Raleigh R. Hood, 2024-04-18 The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System provides an overview of our contemporary understanding of the Indian Ocean (geology, atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, biogeochemistry) and its role in the climate system. It describes the monsoon systems, Indian Ocean circulation and connections with other ocean basins. Climatic phenomena in the Indian Ocean are detailed across a range of timescales (seasonal, interannual to multi-decadal). Biogeochemical and ecosystem variability is also described. The book will provide a summary of different tools (e.g., observations, modeling, paleoclimate records) that are used for understanding Indian Ocean variability and trends. Recent trends and future projections of the Indian Ocean, including warming, extreme events, ocean acidification and deoxygenation will be detailed. The Indian Ocean is unique and different from other tropical ocean basins due to its geography. It is traditionally under-observed and understudied, yet plays a fundamental role for regional and global climate. The vagaries of the Asian monsoon affect over a billion people and a third of the global population live in the vicinity of the Indian Ocean. It is also particularly vulnerable to climate change, with robust warming and trends in heat and freshwater observed in recent decades. Advances have recently been made in our understanding of the Indian Ocean's circulation, interactions with adjacent ocean basins, and its role in regional and global climate. Nonetheless, significant gaps remain in understanding, observing, modeling, and predicting Indian Ocean variability and change across a range of timescales. As such, this book is the perfect compendium to any researcher, student, teacher/lecturer in the fields of oceanography, atmospheric science, paleoclimate, environmental science, meteorology and geology, as well as policy managers and water resource managers. - Provides interdisciplinary content with a comprehensive overview for students and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines as well as for stakeholders - Presents a broad overview and background on the current state of knowledge of the variability, change, and regional impacts of the Indian Ocean - Includes links to animations, slideshows, and other educational resources |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Showcasing the Role of the Arabic Language along the Silk Roads UNESCO, 2024-12-14 |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries, 1400-1800 Muzaffar Alam, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, 2007-02 A study of Persian travel accounts, dealing with India, Iran and Central Asia between 1400 and 1800. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Medieval Islamic Civilization Josef W. Meri, 2006 Examines the socio-cultural history of the regions where Islam took hold between the 7th and 16th century. This two-volume work contains 700 alphabetically arranged entries, and provides a portrait of Islamic civilization. It is of use in understanding the roots of Islamic society as well to explore the culture of medieval civilization. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: AIIMS General Knowledge with Logical Thinking with Monthly Current Affairs Update ebook - 2nd Edition Disha Experts, 2017-09-01 The thoroughly updated 2nd edition of the Bestseller AIIMS General Knowledge with Logical Thinking is now more powerful with the introduction of information pertaining to the 2017 questions. The book now coversquestions of the 2 sets of 2017 Solved Papers. The book already contained the 2 sets of 2016 Solved Papers. The book comprises of Indian Panorama, World Panorama, History, Indian Polity, Geography, Economy, Science, Technology, Sports, Art & Culture, Healthcare, Logical Thinking, Computers etc. The book also provides an Update on current trends & issues with MCQs. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: A Brief History of India Judith E. Walsh, 2006 With nearly 1 billion citizens, India is the second most populous nation in the world. Its conflict with Pakistan over Kashmir and tensions between the many ethnic groups that populate India today find frequent mention in Weste. |
| contribution of ibn battuta: Master Static General Knowledge & Current Affairs for Competitive Exams | Fundamental GK | The Yearly Current Affairs 2024 | UPSC, State PSC, CUET, SSC, Bank PO/ Clerk, BBA, MBA, RRB, NDA, CDS, CAPF, CRPF | , Book 1: The thoroughly revised, updated & enlarged 5th edition of the book Fundamental General Knowledge with Free eCourse (2 colour) provides a comprehensive updation of all sections - Geography, History, Polity, Economy, Business, General Science, Ecology & Environment, Art & Culture, Sports, Healthcare, Communication, News & Media, Education & Career, IT & Computers and Technology along with the addition of a powerful eCourse consisting of 30 Hour Video Leactures & 30 GK Quizzes. The USP of the book is the use of Infographics, MindMaps, Tables, Charts etc. to present information so as to make it the Most Student Friendly book for students. Book 2: The udated 9th edition of the book Yearly Current Affairs 2024 (4 colour) captures the Most Important Events, Issues, Ideas & People of 2023 in a very lucid and student friendly manner. The book covers articles on Burning issues, India/ World Timeline, People, Events, Ideas and Issues that left their mark in 2023, India/ World at a Glance, Global Economic Outlook, Bills & Acts, Policies & Schemes, Books & Authors, Popular Terms, Important Appointments, Awards & Honors, Obituaries, Top 20, and many more. |
CONTRIBUTION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CONTRIBUTION is the act of contributing. How to use contribution in a sentence.
325 Synonyms & Antonyms for CONTRIBUTION - Thesaurus.com
Find 325 different ways to say CONTRIBUTION, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
CONTRIBUTION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CONTRIBUTION definition: 1. something that you contribute or do to help produce or achieve something together with other…. Learn more.
contribution noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of contribution noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. [countable] a gift or payment that is made to a person or an organization in order to help pay for something …
CONTRIBUTION definition and meaning | Collins English …
A contribution is a portion of the total liability of each of two or more companies for a risk for which all of them have issued policies. Under the contribution by equal shares method, each policy is …
Contribution - definition of contribution by The Free Dictionary
1. the act of contributing. 2. something contributed. 3. an article, story, etc., furnished to a publication. 4. an impost or levy. 5. the method of distributing liability among several insurers …
Contribution - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
When you make a contribution, it means you're giving something away — whether it's your money, your possessions, or your time. A contribution can take many forms. Some …
contribution - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
con•tri•bu•tion /ˌkɑntrəˈbyuʃən/ n. [uncountable] the act of contributing. something contributed:[countable] made several contributions to the meeting. a piece of writing or a …
Contribution Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Something contributed, as money to a charity or a poem to a magazine. A special levy or tax. A levy for supporting an army in the field. An article or other work submitted for publication. From …
CONTRIBUTION Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Contribution definition: the act of contributing.. See examples of CONTRIBUTION used in a sentence.
CONTRIBUTION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CONTRIBUTION is the act of contributing. How to use contribution in a sentence.
325 Synonyms & Antonyms for CONTRIBUTION - Thesaurus.com
Find 325 different ways to say CONTRIBUTION, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
CONTRIBUTION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CONTRIBUTION definition: 1. something that you contribute or do to help produce or achieve something together with other…. Learn more.
contribution noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of contribution noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. [countable] a gift or payment that is made to a person or an organization in order to help pay for something …
CONTRIBUTION definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
A contribution is a portion of the total liability of each of two or more companies for a risk for which all of them have issued policies. Under the contribution by equal shares method, each policy is …
Contribution - definition of contribution by The Free Dictionary
1. the act of contributing. 2. something contributed. 3. an article, story, etc., furnished to a publication. 4. an impost or levy. 5. the method of distributing liability among several insurers …
Contribution - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
When you make a contribution, it means you're giving something away — whether it's your money, your possessions, or your time. A contribution can take many forms. Some …
contribution - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
con•tri•bu•tion /ˌkɑntrəˈbyuʃən/ n. [uncountable] the act of contributing. something contributed:[countable] made several contributions to the meeting. a piece of writing or a …
Contribution Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Something contributed, as money to a charity or a poem to a magazine. A special levy or tax. A levy for supporting an army in the field. An article or other work submitted for publication. From …
CONTRIBUTION Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Contribution definition: the act of contributing.. See examples of CONTRIBUTION used in a sentence.
