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| cryogenics book: Physics of Cryogenics Bahman Zohuri, 2017-11-17 Physics of Cryogenics: An Ultralow Temperature Phenomenon discusses the significant number of advances that have been made during the last few years in a variety of cryocoolers, such as Brayton, Joule-Thomson, Stirling, pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon and magnetic refrigerators. The book reviews various approaches taken to improve reliability, a major driving force for new research areas. The advantages and disadvantages of different cycles are compared, and the latest improvements in each of these cryocoolers is discussed. The book starts with the thermodynamic fundamentals, followed by the definition of cryogenic and the associated science behind low temperature phenomena and properties. This book is an ideal resource for scientists, engineers and graduate and senior undergraduate students who need a better understanding of the science of cryogenics and related thermodynamics. - Defines the fundamentals of thermodynamics that are associated with cryogenic processes - Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology - Includes new, low temperature tables written by the author - Deals with the application of cryogenics to preserve objects at very low temperature - Explains how cryogenic phenomena work for human cell and human body preservations and new medical approaches |
| cryogenics book: A Text Book Of Cryogenics Valery V. Kostionk, 2003 This book is prepared on various sections of cryogenics: properties of cryogenic products and solid bodies at low temperatures, methods of internal cooling, heat transfer at low temperatures, gas liquefaction and separation, micro-cryogenic systems, storage and transport of cryogenic fluids, and cryogenic systems for scientific research and development. Contents: Properties of Cryogenic Products and their use, Helium Properties Superfluidity, Properties of Solid Bodies at Low Temperatures, Classification of Cryogenic Systems, Thermomechanical Processes of Internal Cooling: Throttling and Expanding, Thermomechanical Processes of Internal Cooling: Exhaust, Vapor Pump-out, Desorption, Low Literature Thermodynamics Cycles, Electromagnetic Methods of Cooling, Cooling Methods Based on Specific Properties of Helium Isotopes, Heat Transfer at Low Temperatures, Gas Liquefaction and Separation Systems, Microcryogenic Systems, Liquid and Solid-state Microcryogenic Systems, Storage and Transportation of Cryogenic Fluids, Processes in Cryogenic Vessels, Cryogenic Systems for Scientific Research. |
| cryogenics book: The Art of Cryogenics Guglielmo Ventura, Lara Risegari, 2010-07-07 Cryogenics is the study of low temperature interactions - temperatures well below those existing in the natural universe. The book covers a large spectrum of experimental cases, including basic vacuum techniques, indispensable in cryogenics. Guidance in solving experimental problems and numerous numerical examples are given, as are examples of the applications of cryogenics in such areas as underground detectors and space applications. Updated tables of low-temperature data on materials are also presented, and the book is supplemented with a rich bibliography. Researchers (graduate and above) in the fields of physics, engineering and chemistry with an interest in the technology and applications of low-temperature measurements, will find this book invaluable. - Experiments described in technical detail - Description of newest cryogenic apparatus - Applications in multidisciplinary areas - Data on cryogenic properties of new materials - Current reference review |
| cryogenics book: Helium Cryogenics Steven W. Van Sciver, 2012-02-10 Twenty five years have elapsed since the original publication of Helium Cryogenics. During this time, a considerable amount of research and development involving helium fluids has been carried out culminating in several large-scale projects. Furthermore, the field has matured through these efforts so that there is now a broad engineering base to assist the development of future projects. Helium Cryogenics, 2nd edition brings these advances in helium cryogenics together in an updated form. As in the original edition, the author's approach is to survey the field of cryogenics with emphasis on helium fluids. This approach is more specialized and fundamental than that contained in other cryogenics books, which treat the associated range of cryogenic fluids. As a result, the level of treatment is more advanced and assumes a certain knowledge of fundamental engineering and physics principles, including some quantum mechanics. The goal throughout the work is to bridge the gap between the physics and engineering aspects of helium fluids to provide a source for engineers and scientists to enhance their usefulness in low-temperature systems. Dr. Van Sciver is a Distinguished Research Professor and John H. Gorrie Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Florida State University. He is also a Program Director at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL). Dr. Van Sciver joined the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering and the NHMFL in 1991, initiating and teaching a graduate program in magnet and materials engineering and in cryogenic thermal sciences and heat transfer. He also led the NHMFL development efforts of the cryogenic systems for the NHMFL Hybrid and 900 MHz NMR superconducting magnets. Between 1997 and 2003, he served as Director of Magnet Science and Technology at the NHMFL. Dr. Van Sciver is a Fellow of the ASME and the Cryogenic Society of America and American Editor for the journal Cryogenics. He is the 2010 recipient of the Kurt Mendelssohn Award. Prior to joining Florida State University, Dr. Van Sciver was Research Scientist and then Professor of Nuclear Engineering, Engineering Physics and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1976 to 1991. During that time he also served as the Associate Director of the Applied Superconductivity Center. Dr. Van Sciver received his PhD in Low Temperature Physics from the University of Washington-Seattle in 1976. He received his BS degree in Engineering Physics from Lehigh University in 1970. Dr. Van Sciver is author of over 200 publications and patents in low temperature physics, liquid helium technology, cryogenic engineering and magnet technology. The first edition of Helium Cryogenics was published by Plenum Press (1986). The present work is an update and expansion of that original project. |
| cryogenics book: Safety in the Handling of Cryogenic Fluids Frederick J. Edeskuty, Walter F. Stewart, 1996-05-31 The importance of safety in any scientific endeavor is never in question. However, when cryogenic temperatures are involved, safety is especially important. In addition to observing the normal precautions, one must also take into account the variations of physical properties that occur at low temperatures. At these tempera tures, some properties not only exhibit large differences from their normal values but also can vary widely over a small temperature range. Before any cryogenic project is started, a thorough knowledge of the possible hazards is necessary. Only in this way can the safest operation be attained. Over the hundred-year history of cryogenic research, this has been shown to be the case. Keeping this requirement in mind is an essential ingredient in the quest for accident-free work. The past four or five decades have seen a great expansion of cryogenic technology. Cryogenic liquids, such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium, have become commonly used in a number of different applications and are easily available in any part of the United States and, indeed, almost anywhere in the world. Not only are these liquids available, they have become less expensive and also available in ever larger quantities. As quantities increase, so also do the conse quences of mishaps. The future seems to hold promise of ever larger and more widespread use of the common cryogens. Thus, the importance of safety also increases as time progresses. |
| cryogenics book: Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference T. Haruyama, T. Mitsui, K. Yamafuji, 1997-04-01 This book contains the proceedings of the 16th ICEC/ICMC Conference, held in Kitakyushu, Japan, on 20th-24th May 1996. The Proceedings are presented in three volumes containing a total of 476 papers from 1484 authors. The proceedings covers the main areas of: Large Scale Refrigeration. Cryocoolers. Cryogenic Engineering. Space Cryogenics. Application of Superconductivity. Oxide Superconductors. Metallic Superconductors. Metallic Materials. Non Metallic Materials.In addition there are seven Plenary Lectures covering such diverse topics as commercialization of high-Tc superconductors, the continuing development of the Maglev system in Japan, and the Large Hadron Collider project. The Proceedings comprise an excellent and up-to-date summary of research and development in the fields of Cryogenics and Superconductivity. |
| cryogenics book: Frozen Larry Johnson, Scott Baldyga, 2011-04-25 At first, the job as clinical director at Alcor Life Extension Foundation was an exciting change for veteran paramedic Larry Johnson: a well-funded research facility pushing the limits of modern biotech. But as he gained the trust of his eccentric coworkers and was promoted to acting COO, Larry was thrust into a nightmare world of scandalous controversy, gruesome practices, and deadly secrets.One secret Larry unearthed was the full, tragic, never-before-heard story of what truly happened to the body of baseball icon and American hero Ted Williams.Compelled by this and other horrific discoveries, Larry began copying documents, taking secret pictures, and ultimately wearing a wire every day at Alcor. He started living two lives-Alcorian by day, whistleblower by night.Beyond the senseless animal experiments, beyond the dumping of toxic chemicals and AIDS-contaminated blood into the public sewage system, these people saw themselves as the elite, the immortal saviors of mankind who would lead us into the future. Inside this cultlike mentality, anything seemed justified. Maybe even murder.Then Alcor found out. The death threats began.Fleeing from state to state, Larry was stalked and threatened again and again. They chased him through the streets. They left death threats under his windshield wipers. They terrorized his family. Larry Johnson never wanted to be a whistleblower. But he knows this story must be told.Written in Larry's own memorable voice, illustrated with never-before-seen photographs from inside Alcor, and verified by actual transcripts of his secret recordings, Frozen reads like a medical thriller-but every word is shockingly true. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam, 2008-12-10 Most conventional cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers operate with pure fluids, the major exception being natural gas liquefiers that use mixed refrigerant processes. The fundamental aspects of mixed refrigerant processes, though very innovative, have not received the due attention in open literature in view of commercial interests. Hundreds of patents exist on different aspects of mixed refrigerant processes. However, it is difficult to piece together the existing information to choose an appropriate process and an optimum composition or a given application. The aim of the book is to teach (a.) the need for refrigerant mixtures, (b.) the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, (c.) the different processes that can be used and (d.) the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications. |
| cryogenics book: Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids Richard T. Jacobsen, Steven G. Penoncello, Eric W. Lemmon, 2013-11-22 Practicing engineers and scientist will benefit from this book's presentation of the most accurate information on the subject. The equations for fifteen important cryogenic fluids are presented in a basic format, accompanied by pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy charts and tables of thermodynamic properties. The book is supported by ICMPROPRS - an interactive computer program for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of the cryogenic fluids - that can be downloaded from the World Wide Web. |
| cryogenics book: History and Origins of Cryogenics Ralph Geoffrey Scurlock, 1992 From the first demonstrations in 1877 of the liquefaction of oxygen by Cailletet in Paris and Pictet in Geneva, the expanding science and technology of low temperatures, or cryogenics, has developed an international identity of its own. This book describes the origins and history of cryogenics through the eye-witness accounts of world leaders in the field. An introductory chapter by the editor creates a framework for the rest of the volume. The 18 chapters describe the history of research efforts in different countries, the establishment of several early centers that pioneered important work, and the pursuit of crucial investigations into hydrocarbon processing and liquefied natural gas production. A wealth of photographs from national archives rounds out the volume. The result is a uniquely international perspective on all key developments in cryogenic science since its origin more than a century ago. The book will make absorbing reading for all professionals working in cryogenics and the physics of low temperatures, in addition to science historians. |
| cryogenics book: The Death of Sleep Anne McCaffrey, Jody Lynn Nye, 1992 Like every other citizen of the Federation of Sentient Planets, Lunzie Mespil know the so-called 'planet pirates' were capable of terrible things. But - also like every other citizen of the Federation - she never in her heart of hearts believed that anything would happen to her. When pirates attack the space liner on which she is a passenger, Lunzie does not panic. Keeping her head, she makes it to a lifeboat and decides not to worry. She will spend a month or two in cryogenic statis awaiting inevitable resuce, and then proceed with her life. Only it might not be a month or two... |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Engineering Klaus D. Timmerhaus, Richard P. Reed, 2007-11-12 Cryogenic Engineering: Fifty Years of Progress is a benchmark reference work which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background dating to the 1850s, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. The advances in cryogenic fundamentals are covered by reviews of cryogenic principles, cryogenic insulation, low-loss storage systems, modern liquefaction processes, helium cryogenics and low-temperature thermometry. Several well-established applications resulting from cryogenic advances include aerospace cryocoolers and refrigerators, use of LTS and HTS systems in electrical applications, and recent changes in cryopreservation. Extensive references are provided for the readers interested in the details of these cryogenic engineering advances. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Particle Detection Hans-Christian Stahl, 2005-06-22 The development of cryogenic devices for particle detection has reached a stage at which many interesting applications are conceivable and already have been demonstrated. The book provides a comprehensive review of the field of cryogenic particle detection. It introduces the different detection techniques and gives an overview of the important areas in which these detectors are successfully applied. |
| cryogenics book: Proceedings of the Twentieth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference (ICEC20) Liang Zhang, 2006-02-20 Proceedings of the 20th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Technology and Applications A.R. Jha, 2011-04-01 Cryogenic Technology and Applications describes the need for smaller cryo-coolers as a result of the advances in the miniaturization of electrical and optical devices and the need for cooling and conducting efficiency. Cryogenic technology deals with materials at low temperatures and the physics of their behavior at these temps. The book demonstrates the ongoing new applications being discovered for cryo-cooled electrical and optical sensors and devices, with particular emphasis on high-end commercial applications in medical and scientific fields as well as in the aerospace and military industries. This book summarizes the important aspects of cryogenic technology critical to the design and development of refrigerators, cryo-coolers, and micro-coolers needed by various commercial, industrial, space and military systems. Cryogenic cooling plays an important role in unmanned aerial vehicle systems, infrared search and track sensors, missile warning receivers, satellite tracking systems, and a host of other commercial and military systems.* Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology* Includes the latest information on micro-coolers for military and space applications* Offers detailed information on high-capacity cryogenic refrigerator systems used in applications such as food storage, high-power microwave and laser sensors, medical diagnostics, and infrared detectors |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Engineering, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded Thomas Flynn, 1996-09-26 Details the important cryogenic technology developed at the National Bureau of Standards Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, over a 30 year period (1953-1983)--presenting the principles and techniques necessary to solve cryogenic engineering problems. Contains hard-to find archival information no longer readily available elsewhere. Topics include cryogenic fluids, mechanical properties of solids, transport properties of solids, refrigeration and liquefaction, insulation, instrumentation, natural gas processing and liquefied natural gas, and safety with cryogenic systems. |
| cryogenics book: Polymers at Cryogenic Temperatures Susheel Kalia, Shao-Yun Fu, 2013-03-26 Kalia and Fu's novel monograph covers cryogenic treatment, properties and applications of cryo-treated polymer materials. Written by numerous international experts, the twelve chapters in this book offer the reader a comprehensive picture of the latest findings and developments, as well as an outlook on the field. Cryogenic technology has seen remarkable progress in the past few years and especially cryogenic properties of polymers are attracting attention through new breakthroughs in space, superconducting, magnetic and electronic techniques. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, engineers and graduate students in the field and at technical institutions. |
| cryogenics book: Cryostat Design J.G. Weisend II, 2016-08-12 This book enables the reader to learn the fundamental and applied aspects of practical cryostat design by examining previous design choices and resulting cryostat performance. Through a series of extended case studies the book presents an overview of existing cryostat design covering a wide range of cryostat types and applications, including the magnet cryostats that comprise the majority of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, space-borne cryostats containing sensors operating below 1 K, and large cryogenic liquid storage vessels. It starts with an introductory section on the principles of cryostat design including practical data and equations. This section is followed by a series of case studies on existing cryostats, describing the specific requirements of the cryostat, the challenges involved and the design choices made along with the resulting performance of the cryostat. The cryostat examples used in the studies are chosen to cover a broad range of cryostat applications and the authors of each case are leading experts in the field, most of whom participated in the design of the cryostats being described. The concluding chapter offers an overview of lessons learned and summarises some key hints and tips for practical cryostat design. The book will help the reader to expand their knowledge of many disciplines required for good cryostat design, including the cryogenic properties of materials, heat transfer and thermal insulation, instrumentation, safety, structures and seals. |
| cryogenics book: Helium Cryogenics Steven W. Van Sciver, 2013-06-29 At least 10 years have elapsed since a comprehensive monograph concer ned with the broad subject of cryogenics has been published. During this time a considerable quantity of research and development has been carried out in the field of cryogenics. Furthermore, there has been a certain degree of redirection of effort within the field, mostly driven by the variety of new applications, ranging from superconductive magnet systems to micro electronics. Greater emphasis is now being placed on low-temperature cryogenics, particularly that of liquid helium. Until now cryogenic books have provided a broad survey of materials and fluid properties over the entire cryogenic regime, T ::5 150 K. This approach does not allow sufficient detail in any particular area to bring the reader to the current level of understanding in the subject. In addition, the behavior of helium has been lumped with that of other cryogenic fluids, although the properties of helium are quite unique. As a result, a clear relationship has not been established between the fundamental understanding of helium fluids and their potential applications. The present book has been written to fill this void. The approach is to survey the field of cryogenics, specifically as it pertains to helium fluids. This approach is more specialized than that contained in previous cryogenics books. Furthermore, the level of treatment is more advanced and a certain knowledge of fundamental engineering and physics principles has been assumed. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Engineering, Revised and Expanded Thomas Flynn, 2004-11-30 Written by an engineering consultant with over 48 years of experience in the field, this Second Edition provides a reader-friendly and thorough discussion of the fundamental principles and science of cryogenic engineering including the properties of fluids and solids, refrigeration and liquefaction, insulation, instrumentation, natural gas processi |
| cryogenics book: Noggin John Corey Whaley, 2014-04-08 2014 National Book Award Finalist A Time Best YA Book of All Time (2021) Travis Coates has a good head…on someone else’s shoulders. A touching, hilarious “tour de force of imagination and empathy” (Booklist, starred review) from John Corey Whaley, author of the Printz and Morris Award–winning Where Things Come Back. Listen—Travis Coates was alive once and then he wasn’t. Now he’s alive again. Simple as that. The in between part is still a little fuzzy, but Travis can tell you that, at some point or another, his head got chopped off and shoved into a freezer in Denver, Colorado. Five years later, it was reattached to some other guy’s body, and well, here he is. Despite all logic, he’s still sixteen, but everything and everyone around him has changed. That includes his bedroom, his parents, his best friend, and his girlfriend. Or maybe she’s not his girlfriend anymore? That’s a bit fuzzy too. Looks like if the new Travis and the old Travis are ever going to find a way to exist together, there are going to be a few more scars. Oh well, you only live twice. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Helium Refrigeration for Middle and Large Powers Guy Gistau Baguer, 2020-10-27 This book offers a practical introduction to helium refrigeration engineering, taking a logical and structured approach to the design, building, commissioning, operation and maintenance of refrigeration systems. It begins with a short refresher of cryogenic principles, and a review of the theory of heat exchangers, allowing the reader to understand the importance of the heat exchanger role in the various thermodynamic cycle structures. The cycles are considered from the simplest (Joule Thomson) to the most complicated ones for the very large refrigeration plants and, finally, those operating at temperatures lower than 4.5 K. The focus then turns to the operation, ability and limitations of the main components, including room temperature cycle screw compressors, heat exchangers, cryogenic expansion turbines, cryogenic centrifugal compressors and circulators. The book also describes the basic principles of process control and studies the operating situations of helium plants, with emphasis on high level efficiency. A major issue is helium purity, and the book explains why helium is polluted, how to purify it and then how to check its purity, to ensure that all components are filled with pure helium prior to starting. Although the intention of the book is not to design thermodynamic cycles, it is of interest to a designer or operator of a cryogenic system to perform some simplified calculations to get an idea of how components or systems are behaving. Throughout the book, such calculations are generally performed using Microsoft® Excel and the Gaspak® or Hepak® software. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Engineering Klaus D. Timmerhaus, Richard Reed, 2010-11-23 This is a benchmark reference work on Cryogenic Engineering which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. It presents the latest changes in cryopreservation and the advances over the past 50 years. The book also highlights an exceptional reference listing to provide referral to more details. |
| cryogenics book: Thermal Properties of Solids at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures Guglielmo Ventura, Mauro Perfetti, 2014-06-23 The minimum temperature in the natural universe is 2.7 K. Laboratory refrigerators can reach temperatures in the microkelvin range. Modern industrial refrigerators cool foods at 200 K, whereas space mission payloads must be capable of working at temperatures as low as 20 K. Superconducting magnets used for NMR work at 4.2 K. Hence the properties of materials must be accurately known also at cryogenic temperatures. This book provides a guide for engineers, physicists, chemists, technicians who wish to approach the field of low-temperature material properties. The focus is on the thermal properties and a large spectrum of experimental cases is reported. The book presents updated tables of low-temperature data on materials and a thorough bibliography supplements any further research. Key Features include: ° Detailed technical description of experiments ° Description of the newest cryogenic apparatus ° Offers data on cryogenic properties of the latest new materials ° Current reference review |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Engineering and Technologies Dr. Zuyu Zhao, Dr. Chao Wang, 2019-10-16 Cryogen-free cryogenics is leading a revolution in research and industry by its significant advantages over traditional liquid helium systems. This is the first overview for the field, covering the key technologies, conceptual design, fabrication, operation, performance, and applications of these systems. The contents cover important topics such as the operating principles of 4K cryocoolers, enabling technologies (including vibration reduction) for cryogen free systems, the cryogen- free superconducting magnet, and cryogen-free systems that reach mK. It highlights the wide range of applications in materials science, quantum physics, astronomy and space science, medical sciences and etc. Key features: Introduce technologies and practical know-how employed for cryogen-free systems of using 4 K cryocoolers to replace liquid helium; Address state of the arts of cryogen-free superconducting magnets, sub-kelvin refrigeration systems of He-3 sorption cooler, adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) and dilution refrigerators (DR). Discuss applications of cryogen-free systems in modern instruments and equipment. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenics Allyson E. Hayes, 2010-12 Cryogenics is the study of the production of very low temperature (below -150 °C, -238 °F or 123 K) and the behaviour of materials at those temperatures. This book presents current research from across the globe in the study of cryogenics, including the effect of cryogenic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of light weight alloys; the application of Fiber Bragg grating sensors at cryogenic temperatures; cryogenic grinding; liquid oxygen magnetohydrodynamics; and genetic engineering techniques used to improve tolerance to cryopreservation. |
| cryogenics book: Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook: Cryogenics David G. Gilmore, 2002 The number of satellite systems that require some form of cryogenic cooling has grown enormously over the last several years. With so many engineers, scientists, and technicians working on cryogenic systems for the first time in their careers, the need for a single resource that touched on all the technologies relevant to cryogenics was apparent. |
| cryogenics book: Process Design for Cryogenics Alexander Alekseev, 2024-08-28 Up-to-date overview of the method for producing the main industrial gases This book covers process design for cryogenic processes like air separation, natural gas liquefaction, and hydrogen and helium liquefaction. It offers an overview of the basics of cryogenics and information on process design for modern industrial plants. Throughout, the book helps readers visualize the theories of thermodynamics related to cryogenics in practice. A central concept in the book is the connection between the theoretical world of process design and the real limitations given by available hardware components and systems. Sample topics covered in Process Design for Cryogenics include: Cryogenic gases like nitrogen, oxygen, argon, neon, hydrogen, helium, and methane Thermodynamics Typical cryogenic refrigeration processes, including the classic Joule Thomson process, the contemporary mixed-gas Joule Thomson process, and expander-based processes like Brayton and Claude cycles Helium and hydrogen liquefaction and air separation Process Design for Cryogenics is a comprehensive must-have resource for engineers and scientists working in academia and industry on cryogenic processes. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenics, the Uncommon Cold Henry L. Laquer, 1967 |
| cryogenics book: Out Cold Phil Jaekl, 2021-06-01 “A fascinating look into the strange and sometimes unbelievable history of hypothermic medicine. Jaekl weaves together a story that is part history lesson and part science thriller. This is truly a must-read for any fan of science and science fiction!” —Douglas Talk, MD/MPH, chief medical consultant, SpaceWorks Inc., Human Torpor Project The meaning of the word “hypothermia” has Greek origins and roughly translates to “less heat.” Its symptoms can be deadly—shivering, followed by confusion, irrationality, and even the illusion of feeling hot. But hypothermia has another side—it can be therapeutic. In Out Cold, science writer Phil Jaekl chronicles the underappreciated story of human innovation with cold, from Ancient Egypt, where it was used to treat skin irritations, to eighteenth-century London, where scientists used it in their first explorations of suspended animation. Throughout history, physicians have used cold to innovate life extension, enable distant space missions, and explore consciousness. Hypothermia may still conjure macabre images, like the bodies littering Mt. Everest and disembodied heads in cryo-freezers, but the reality is that modern science has invented numerous new life-saving cooling techniques based on what we’ve learned over the centuries. And Out Cold reveals a surprisingly warm future for this chilling state. |
| cryogenics book: Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration Sadik Kakaç, M.R. Avelino, H.F. Smirnov, 2012-12-06 Refrigeration plays a prominent role in our everyday lives, and cryogenics plays a major role in medical science, space technology and the cooling of low-temperature electronics. This volume contains chapters on basic refrigeration systems, non-compression refrigeration and cooling, and topics related to global environmental issues, alternative refrigerants, optimum refrigerant selection, cost-quality optimization of refrigerants, advanced thermodynamics of reverse-cycle machines, applications in medicine, cryogenics, heat pipes, gas-solid absorption refrigeration, multisalt resorption heat pumps, cryocoolers, thermoacoustic refrigeration, cryogenic heat transfer and enhancement and other topics covering theory, design, and applications, such as pulse tube refrigeration, which is the most efficient of all cryocoolers and can be used in space missions. |
| cryogenics book: Handbook of Superconducting Materials David A. Cardwell, David S. Ginley, 2003 |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Heat Transfer Randall F. Barron, 1999-05-01 Presents applied heat transfer principles in the range of extremely low temperatures. The specific features of heat transfer at cryogenic temperatures, such as variable properties, near critical convection, and Kapitza resistance, are described. This book includes many example problems, in each section, that help to illustrate the applications of the principles presented. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenics S. S. Thipse, 2013 Covering crynogenic applications in extensive detail, this book discusses cryogenic engines and space and electronic applications in a clear and concise manner. |
| cryogenics book: Recent Developments in Cryogenics Research Sergiy Putselyk, 2019 Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the 19th century. Traditionally, this field is separated from Cryogenic Engineering and Low Temperature Physics (LTP). Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components, while low temperature physics is more related to the fundamental research of material or fluid properties. This book discusses some recent findings and developments as well as gives an outlook on the fields of helium cryogenics and LTP. The main focus will be given to the helium cryogenics, though a smaller review is also presented for the fields of cryogenic energy storage facilities. Some future trends and R&D activities are also discussed. To orient the reader, the first four chapters are related to LTP, while the major part of the book is then devoted to helium cryogenics, for example, refrigeration techniques, cryostats, low temperature electronics, safety, etc. It should be particularly suited for advanced students, young researchers or engineers, who are intending to proceed with careers in helium cryogenics or LTP. However, the authors believe that the book will also be of value to experienced scientists, since it describes several very recent advances in experimental low temperature physics and technology, for example, ultra-low temperature technique and thermometry, as well as progress in helium cryogenics, such as heat transfer, cryostat designs for large facilities, and refrigerator developments. Extensive references are provided for the readers interested in the details of the cryogenic engineering advances. And last but not least, the authors hope that this book will widen the horizons of many without a solid state background, but with a general interest in low temperature physics and helium cryogenics. In attempting to cover such a wide field, a large degree of selection has been necessary, as complete volumes have been written on many topics which here have had to be covered in very few pages or less. It is inevitable that not everyone will agree with the present choice, especially if it is their own subject which has been discussed very briefly or not mentioned at all, and the editor accepts full responsibility for the selections made. The book is written at a level which should be followed by a university graduate in science or engineering, although, if their background has not included a course in cryogenic engineering, general or solid-state physics, some groundwork may be lacking. |
| cryogenics book: Applications of Cryogenic Technology J. Patrick Kelley, 2013-06-29 Applications of Cryogenic Technology, Vol. 10, is the proceedings from the portion of the conference CRYO-90 sponsored by the Cryogenic Society of America (CSA). CRYO-90, held on the campus of the State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, was an unusual interdisciplinary event, drawing from the life sciences as well as the physical science and engineering areas of the low temperature community. Co-sponsoring CRYO-90 with CSA were the Society for Cryobiology and the Symposium on Invertebrate and Plant Cold Hardiness. These latter two organizations brought an exciting developing field to the conference, a field whose exploration will lead to the betterment of all mankind through improved cryosurgical and organ preservation techniques in addition to improved agricultural and herd yields under extreme conditions. Specific goals of the cryobiological community are cryopreservation, the arrest and recovery of living processes of cells, tissues and organs; and cryosurgery - the local cryodestruction of diseased cells while preserving the healthy surrounding tissue. These goals present great technological challenges. The technological requirements of the cryobiologist include the ability to cool tissues 6 at rates of 10 degrees per second (vitrification), to thaw frozen tissue without damaging the delicate cells, to freeze dry tissue using molecular distillation (vacuum) drying, to supercool cell structures below O°C without freezing, and to successfully store the preserved tissues and organs for any required length of time. |
| cryogenics book: Lockstep Karl Schroeder, 2024-03-26 Centuries of sleep bring a young space voyager into a strange future where he must confront his own tyrannical brother in this epic space opera. When seventeen-year-old Toby McGonigal finds himself lost in space, his next drift into cold sleep to be his last. After all, the planet he’s orbiting is frozen and sunless, and dotted with dead cities. But when Toby wakes again, he’s surprised to discover a thriving planet, a strange and prosperous galaxy—and that he’s been asleep for 14,000 years. Welcome to the Lockstep Empire, where civilization is kept alive by careful hibernation. Here cold sleeps can last decades and waking moments mere weeks. Its citizens survive for millennia, traveling asleep on long voyages between worlds. Not only is Lockstep the new center of the galaxy, but Toby is shocked to learn that the Empire is still ruled by its founding family: his own. Toby’s brother Peter has become a tyrant. Suspicious of the return of his long-lost brother, whose rightful inheritance also controls the lockstep hibernation cycles, Peter sees Toby as a threat to his regime. Now, with the help of a lockstep girl named Corva, Toby must survive the forces of this new Empire, outwit his siblings, and save human civilization. |
| cryogenics book: The Ethics of Cryonics Francesca Minerva, 2018-05-31 Cryonics—also known as cryopreservation or cryosuspension—is the preservation of legally dead individuals at ultra-low temperatures. Those who undergo this procedure hope that future technology will not only succeed in reviving them, but also cure them of the condition that led to their demise. In this sense, some hope that cryopreservation will allow people to continue living indefinitely. This book discusses the moral concerns of cryonics, both as a medical procedure and as an intermediate step toward life extension. In particular, Minerva analyses the moral issues surrounding cryonics-related techniques (including the hypothetical cryosuspension of fetuses as an alternative to abortion) by focusing on how they might impact the individuals who undergo cryosuspension, as well as society at large. |
| cryogenics book: Cryogenic Engineering Russell B (Russell Burton) 1 Scott, 2021-09-10 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
Cryogenics - Wikipedia
In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.
Cryogenics | Journal | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
Cryogenics is the world's leading journal focusing on all aspects of cryoengineering and cryogenics. Papers published in Cryogenics cover a wide variety of subjects in low temperature …
Cryogenics | Low-Temperature Physics & Applications | Britannica
Cryogenics, production and application of low-temperature phenomena. The cryogenic temperature range has been defined as from −150 °C (−238 °F) to absolute zero (−273 °C or …
Cryogenics: Definition, History, And Applications - Science ABC
Mar 10, 2025 · Cryogenics is the scientific study of materials and their characteristics observed at a very low temperature. The term is associated with physics, but has applications in a wide …
The Science of Cryogenics and Why It's So 'Cool' - Interesting …
Feb 28, 2021 · For the uninitiated, cryogenics is the science that deals with the production, effects, and uses of a wide variety of materials at very low temperatures. The term cryogenics …
Cryogenics - Encyclopedia.com
May 21, 2018 · Cryogenics is the study and use of materials at extremely low temperatures. Such low temperatures cause changes in the physical properties of materials that allow them to be …
Cryogenics: Low temperatures, high performance - CERN
Cryogenics is the branch of physics that deals with the production and effects of very low temperatures. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest cryogenic system in the world …
About Cryogenics - NIST
The practice of freezing an entire human body after death in the hope of later restoring life is known as cryonics, but it is not an accepted scientific application of cryogenics. The freezing of …
What does cryogenic mean? | Explained by Thermal Engineers
Oct 26, 2021 · Cryogenics is a field of science and engineering that delves into the behavior and utilization of materials at extremely low temperatures. At such extreme cold temperatures, …
What is Cryogenics? - CO2 Meter
Aug 27, 2024 · Cryogenics produces and studies materials in extremely cold temperatures. Ultra-cold temperatures change the chemical properties of materials. This has become an area of …
Cryogenics - Wikipedia
In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.
Cryogenics | Journal | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
Cryogenics is the world's leading journal focusing on all aspects of cryoengineering and cryogenics. Papers published in Cryogenics cover a wide variety of subjects in low temperature engineering …
Cryogenics | Low-Temperature Physics & Applications | Britannica
Cryogenics, production and application of low-temperature phenomena. The cryogenic temperature range has been defined as from −150 °C (−238 °F) to absolute zero (−273 °C or −460 °F), the …
Cryogenics: Definition, History, And Applications - Science ABC
Mar 10, 2025 · Cryogenics is the scientific study of materials and their characteristics observed at a very low temperature. The term is associated with physics, but has applications in a wide range …
The Science of Cryogenics and Why It's So 'Cool' - Interesting …
Feb 28, 2021 · For the uninitiated, cryogenics is the science that deals with the production, effects, and uses of a wide variety of materials at very low temperatures. The term cryogenics is derived …
Cryogenics - Encyclopedia.com
May 21, 2018 · Cryogenics is the study and use of materials at extremely low temperatures. Such low temperatures cause changes in the physical properties of materials that allow them to be …
Cryogenics: Low temperatures, high performance - CERN
Cryogenics is the branch of physics that deals with the production and effects of very low temperatures. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest cryogenic system in the world and …
About Cryogenics - NIST
The practice of freezing an entire human body after death in the hope of later restoring life is known as cryonics, but it is not an accepted scientific application of cryogenics. The freezing of portions …
What does cryogenic mean? | Explained by Thermal Engineers
Oct 26, 2021 · Cryogenics is a field of science and engineering that delves into the behavior and utilization of materials at extremely low temperatures. At such extreme cold temperatures, …
What is Cryogenics? - CO2 Meter
Aug 27, 2024 · Cryogenics produces and studies materials in extremely cold temperatures. Ultra-cold temperatures change the chemical properties of materials. This has become an area of …
