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| conspiracy theories list that are true: Impossible Knowledge Todor Hristov, 2019-01-15 Conspiracy theorists claim impossible knowledge, such as knowledge of the doings of a secret world government. Yet they accept this impossible knowledge as truth. In effect, conspiracy theories detach truth from knowledge. Knowledge without power is powerless. And the impossible knowledge claimed by conspiracy theorists is rigorously excluded from the regimes of truth and power – that is not even wrong. Yet conspiratorial knowledge is potent enough to be studied by researchers and recognized as a risk by experts and authorities. Therefore, in order to understand conspiracy theories, we need to think of truth beyond knowledge and power. That is impossible for any scientific discipline because it takes for granted that truth comes from knowledge and that truth is powerful enough to destroy the legitimacy of any authority that would dare to conceal or manipulate it. Since science is unable to make sense of conspiracy theories, it treats conspiracy theorists as individuals who fail to make sense, and it explains their persistent nonsense by some cognitive, behavioral, or social dysfunction. Fortunately, critical theory has developed tools able to conceive of truth beyond knowledge and power, and hence to make sense of conspiracy theories. This book organizes them into a toolbox which will enable students and researchers to analyze conspiracy theories as practices of the self geared at self-empowerment, a sort of political self-help. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Real Enemies Kathryn S. Olmsted, 2009-01-02 Many Americans believe that their own government is guilty of shocking crimes. Government agents shot the president. They faked the moon landing. They stood by and allowed the murders of 2,400 servicemen in Hawaii. Although paranoia has been a feature of the American scene since the birth of the Republic, in Real Enemies Kathryn Olmsted shows that it was only in the twentieth century that strange and unlikely conspiracy theories became central to American politics. In particular, she posits World War I as a critical turning point and shows that as the federal bureaucracy expanded, Americans grew more fearful of the government itself--the military, the intelligence community, and even the President. Analyzing the wide-spread suspicions surrounding such events as Pearl Harbor, the JFK assassination, Watergate, and 9/11, Olmsted sheds light on why so many Americans believe that their government conspires against them, why more people believe these theories over time, and how real conspiracies--such as the infamous Northwoods plan--have fueled our paranoia about the governments we ourselves elect. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories Jan-Willem van Prooijen, 2018 Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- 1 Psychology of conspiracy theories -- 2 When do people believe conspiracy theories? -- 3 The architecture of belief -- 4 The social roots of conspiracy theories -- 5 Conspiracy theories and ideology -- 6 Explaining and reducing conspiracy theories -- Further reading -- Notes -- References |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories Quassim Cassam, 2019-11-01 9/11 was an inside job. The Holocaust is a myth promoted to serve Jewish interests. The shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School were a false flag operation. Climate change is a hoax perpetrated by the Chinese government. These are all conspiracy theories. A glance online or at bestseller lists reveals how popular some of them are. Even if there is plenty of evidence to disprove them, people persist in propagating them. Why? Philosopher Quassim Cassam explains how conspiracy theories are different from ordinary theories about conspiracies. He argues that conspiracy theories are forms of propaganda and their function is to promote a political agenda. Although conspiracy theories are sometimes defended on the grounds that they uncover evidence of bad behaviour by political leaders, they do much more harm than good, with some resulting in the deaths of large numbers of people. There can be no clearer indication that something has gone wrong with our intellectual and political culture than the fact that conspiracy theories have become mainstream. When they are dangerous, we cannot afford to ignore them. At the same time, refuting them by rational argument is difficult because conspiracy theorists discount or reject evidence that disproves their theories. As conspiracy theories are so often smokescreens for political ends, we need to come up with political as well as intellectual responses if we are to have any hope of defeating them. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: A Lot of People Are Saying Nancy L. Rosenblum, Russell Muirhead, 2020-02-18 How the new conspiracists are undermining democracy—and what can be done about it Conspiracy theories are as old as politics. But conspiracists today have introduced something new—conspiracy without theory. And the new conspiracism has moved from the fringes to the heart of government with the election of Donald Trump. In A Lot of People Are Saying, Russell Muirhead and Nancy Rosenblum show how the new conspiracism differs from classic conspiracy theory, how it undermines democracy, and what needs to be done to resist it. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Secrets and Conspiracies Olli Loukola, Leonidas Donskis, 2022 This collection purports to provide a sober analysis of the much debated issues and tries to develop and outline conceptual and theoretical tools to make sense of what secrets and conspiracies truly are-- |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracies Declassified Brian Dunning, 2018-06-05 A collection of the wildest conspiracies to ever exist, from mind control experiments to lizard people, this book explores, debunks—and sometimes proves—the secret stories that don’t quite make it into the history books. What’s fact and what’s fiction? With conspiracy theories, sometimes it’s hard to get to the truth! In Conspiracies Declassified, author and expert skeptic Brian Dunning explains fifty true stories of famous conspiracies throughout history. From the moon landing hoax, to chemtrails, to the mind control dangers of fluoride, Dunning is here to sort the truth from the lies to tell you what really happened. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Secrets, Plots & Hidden Agendas Paul T. Coughlin, 1999 Paul Coughlin summarizes the main ideas conspiracy theorists have about a one-world government, the role of the media, endtimes teaching and the Jewish community, offering clear, objective data about secret plots. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Contemporary Conspiracy Culture Jaron Harambam, 2020-04-22 In this ethnographic study, the author takes an agnostic stance towards the truth value of conspiracy theories and delves into the everyday lives of people active in the conspiracy milieu to understand better what the contemporary appeal of conspiracy theories is. Conspiracy theories have become popular cultural products, endorsed and shared by significant segments of Western societies. Yet our understanding of who these people are and why they are attracted by these alternative explanations of reality is hampered by their implicit and explicit pathologization. Drawing on a wide variety of empirical sources, this book shows in rich detail what conspiracy theories are about, which people are involved, how they see themselves, and what they practically do with these ideas in their everyday lives. The author inductively develops from these concrete descriptions more general theorizations of how to understand this burgeoning subculture. He concludes by situating conspiracy culture in an age of epistemic instability where societal conflicts over knowledge abound, and the Truth is no longer assured, but out there for us to grapple with. This book will be an important source for students and scholars from a range of disciplines interested in the depth and complexity of conspiracy culture, including Anthropology, Cultural Studies, Communication Studies, Ethnology, Folklore Studies, History, Media Studies, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology. More broadly, this study speaks to contemporary (public) debates about truth and knowledge in a supposedly post-truth era, including widespread popular distrusts towards elites, mainstream institutions and their knowledge. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories and Other Dangerous Ideas Cass R. Sunstein, 2014 A collection of controversial essays touches upon an array of issues, from marriage equality and conspiracy theories to animal rights. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories and Secret Societies For Dummies Christopher Hodapp, Alice Von Kannon, 2011-02-04 Entering the world of conspiracy theories and secret societies is like stepping into a distant, parallel universe where the laws of physics have completely changed: black means white, up is down, and if you want to understand what’s really going on, you need a good reference book. That’s where Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies comes in. Whether you’re a skeptic or a true believer, this fascinating guide, packed with the latest information, walks you through some of the most infamous conspiracy theories — such as Area 51 and the assassination of JFK — and introduces you to such mysterious organizations as the Freemasons, the Ninjas, the Mafia, and Rosicrucians. This behind-the-curtain guide helps you separate fact from fiction and helps you the global impact of these mysterious events and groups on our modern world. Discover how to: Test a conspiracy theory Spot a sinister secret society Assess the Internet’s role in fueling conspiracy theories Explore world domination schemes Evaluate 9/11 conspiracy theories Figure out who “they” are Grasp the model on which conspiracy theories are built Figure out whether what “everybody knows” is true Distinguish on assassination brotherhood from another Understand why there’s no such thing as a “lone assassin” Why do hot dogs come in packages of ten, while buns come in eight-packs? Everybody knows its a conspiracy, right? Find out in Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Eurabia-paperback Bat Yeʼor, 2005 This book is about the transformation of Europe into Eurabia, a cultural and political appendage of the Arab/Muslim world. Eurabia is fundamentally anti-Christian, anti-Western, anti-American, and antisemitic. The institution responsible for this transformation, and that continues to propagate its ideological message, is the Euro-Arab Dialogue, developed by European and Arab politicians and intellectuals over the past thirty years.--From publisher description. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: The Psychology of Conspiracy Michal Bilewicz, Aleksandra Cichocka, Wiktor Soral, 2015-05-15 Why did the third World Trade Center building (WTC7) collapse on September 11th , even though it was not struck by any aircraft? Why did Princess Diana’s drunk driver look sober as he climbed into the car minutes before their deadly accident? Could a slender birch tree really have caused the plane crash which killed the President of Poland in 2010? ‘Conspiracy thinking’ – the search for explanations of significant global events in clandestine plots, suppressed knowledge and the secret actions of elite groups – provides simple and logical answers to the social doubts and uncertainties that occur at times of major national and international crises. Contemporary social psychology seeks to explain the human motivation to create, share and receive conspiracy theories, and to shed light on the consequences of these theories for people’s social and political functioning. This important collection, written by leading researchers in the field, is the first to apply quantitative empirical findings to the subject of conspiracy theorizing. The first section of the book explores conspiracy theories in the context of group perception and intergroup relations, paying particular attention to anti-Semitic conspiracy stereotypes. It then goes on to examine the relationship between an individual’s political ideology and the degree to which they engage in ‘conspiracy thinking’. The concluding part of the book considers the explanatory power of conspiracy, focusing on the link between social paranoia and digital media, and highlighting the social, political, and environmental consequences of conspiracy theories. The Psychology of Conspiracy will be of great interest to academics and researchers in social and political psychology, and a valuable resource to those in the fields of social policy, anthropology, political science, and cultural studies. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories David Coady, 2006 Conspiracy theories have historically had a bad reputation, with many philosophers dismissing the topic as irrational. Current philosophical debate has challenged this stance, suggesting that these theories do not deserve their bad reputation. This book represents both sides of the debate. Aimed at a broad philosophical community, including epistemologists, political philosophers, and philosophers of history, this book is a significant contribution to the growing interest in conspiracy theories. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion Sergei Nilus, Victor Emile Marsden, 2019-02-26 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is almost certainly fiction, but its impact was not. Originating in Russia, it landed in the English-speaking world where it caused great consternation. Much is made of German anti-semitism, but there was fertile soil for The Protocols across Europe and even in America, thanks to Henry Ford and others. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories Kate Tuckett, 2005-08 Exposes famous and infamous conspiracy theories throughout history, including the JFK Assassination, Area 51, the death of Princess Diana, 9/11, and the Men in Black. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Voodoo Histories David Aaronovitch, 2010-02-04 Meticulous in its research, forensic in its reasoning, robust in its argument, and often hilarious in its debunking... a highly entertaining rumble with the century's major conspiracy theorists and their theories. --John Lahr, National Book Critics Circle Award-winning author of Tennessee Williams From an award-winning journalist, a history so funny, so true, so scary, it's bound to be called a conspiracy. Our age is obsessed by the idea of conspiracy. We see it everywhere- from Pearl Harbor to 9/11, from the assassination of Kennedy to the death of Diana. In this age of terrorism we live in, the role of conspiracy is a serious one, one that can fuel radical or fringe elements to violence. For David Aaronovitch, there came a time when he started to see a pattern among these inflammatory theories. these theories used similarly murky methods with which to insinuate their claims: they linked themselves to the supposed conspiracies of the past (it happened then so it can happen now); they carefully manipulated their evidence to hide its holes; they relied on the authority of dubious academic sources. Most important, they elevated their believers to membership of an elite- a group of people able to see beyond lies to a higher reality. But why believe something that entails stretching the bounds of probability so far? In this entertaining and enlightening book, he examines why people believe conspiracy theories, and makes an argument for a true skepticism: one based on a thorough knowledge of history and a strong dose of common sense. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: The Nature of Conspiracy Theories Michael Butter, 2020-12-07 Conspiracy theories seem to be proliferating today. Long relegated to a niche existence, conspiracy theories are now pervasive, and older conspiracy theories have been joined by a constant stream of new ones – that the USA carried out the 9/11 attacks itself, that the Ukrainian crisis was orchestrated by NATO, that we are being secretly controlled by a New World Order that keep us docile via chemtrails and vaccinations. Not to mention the moon landing that never happened. But what are conspiracy theories and why do people believe them? Have they always existed or are they something new, a feature of our modern world? In this book Michael Butter provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the nature and development of conspiracy theories. Contrary to popular belief, he shows that conspiracy theories are less popular and influential today than they were in the past. Up to the 1950s, the Western world regarded conspiracy theories as a legitimate form of knowledge and it was therefore normal to believe in them. It was only after the Second World War that this knowledge was delegitimized, causing conspiracy theories to be banished from public discourse and relegated to subcultures. The recent renaissance of conspiracy theories is linked to internet which gives them wider exposure and contributes to the fragmentation of the public sphere. Conspiracy theories are still stigmatized today in many sections of mainstream culture but are being accepted once again as legitimate knowledge in others. It is the clash between these domains and their different conceptions of truth that is fuelling the current debate over conspiracy theories. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Escaping the Rabbit Hole Mick West, 2023-06-20 Revised and updated for the first time in 2023—Now includes strategies for debunking conspiracies regarding the coronavirus pandemic, election fraud, QAnon, UFOs, and more. The Earth is flat, the World Trade Center collapse was a controlled demolition, planes are spraying poison to control the weather, and actors faked the Sandy Hook massacre. All these claims are bunk: falsehoods, mistakes, and in some cases, outright lies. But many people passionately believe one or more of these conspiracy theories. They consume countless books and videos, join like-minded online communities, try to convert those around them, and even, on occasion, alienate their own friends and family. Why is this, and how can you help people, especially those closest to you, break free from the downward spiral of conspiracy thinking? In Escaping the Rabbit Hole, author Mick West shares over a decade’s worth of knowledge and experience investigating and debunking false conspiracy theories through his forum, MetaBunk.org, and sets forth a practical guide to helping friends and loved ones recognize these theories for what they really are. Perhaps counter-intuitively, the most successful approaches to helping individuals escape a rabbit hole aren’t comprised of simply explaining why they are wrong; rather, West’s tried-and-tested approach emphasizes clear communication based on mutual respect, honesty, openness, and patience. West puts his debunking techniques and best practices to the test with the most popular false conspiracy theories today (Chemtrails, The Coronavirus Pandemic, 9/11 Controlled Demolition, Election Fraud, False Flags, Flat Earth, The Rising of QAnon, and UFOs)—providing road maps to help you to understand your friend and help them escape the rabbit hole. These are accompanied by real-life case studies of individuals who, with help, were able to break free from conspiracism. With sections on: the wide spectrum of conspiracy theories avoiding the “shill” label psychological factors and other complications (and concluding with) a look at the future of debunking Mick West has put forth a conclusive, well-researched, practical reference on why people fall down the conspiracy theory rabbit hole and how you can help them escape. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories in Eastern Europe Anastasiya Astapova, Onoriu Colăcel, Corneliu Pintilescu, Tamás Scheibner, 2020-10-29 This collection of state-of-the-art essays explores conspiracy cultures in post-socialist Eastern Europe, ranging from the nineteenth century to contemporary manifestations. Conspiracy theories about Freemasons, Communists and Jews, about the Chernobyl disaster, and about George Soros and the globalist elite have been particularly influential in Eastern Europe, but they have also been among the most prominent worldwide. This volume explores such conspiracy theories in the context of local Eastern European histories and discourses. The chapters identify four major factors that have influenced cultures of conspiracy in Eastern Europe: nationalism (including ethnocentrism and antisemitism), the socialist past, the transition period, and globalization. The research focuses on the impact of imperial legacies, nation-building, and the Cold War in the creation of conspiracy theories in Eastern Europe; the effects of the fall of the Iron Curtain and conspiracism in a new democratic setting; and manifestations of viral conspiracy theories in contemporary Eastern Europe and their worldwide circulation with the global rise of populism. Bringing together a diverse landscape of Eastern European conspiracism that is a result of repeated exchange with the West, the book includes case studies that examine the history, legacy, and impact of conspiracy cultures of Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine, the former Yugoslav countries, and the former Soviet Union. The book will appeal to scholars and students of conspiracy theories, as well as those in the areas of political science, area studies, media studies, cultural studies, psychology, philosophy, and history, among others. Politicians, educators, and journalists will find this book a useful resource in countering disinformation in and about the region. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: American Conspiracy Theories Joseph E. Uscinski, Joseph M. Parent, 2014 Conspiracies theories are some of the most striking features in the American political landscape: the Kennedy assassination, aliens at Roswell, subversion by Masons, Jews, Catholics, or communists, and modern movements like Birtherism and Trutherism. But what do we really know about conspiracy theories? Do they share general causes? Are they becoming more common? More dangerous? Who is targeted and why? Who are the conspiracy theorists? How has technology affected conspiracy theorising? This book offers the first century-long view of these issues. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Behold a Pale Horse William Cooper, 2012-04-11 Bill Cooper, former United States Naval Intelligence Briefing Team member, reveals information that remains hidden from the public eye. This information has been kept in Top Secret government files since the 1940s. His audiences hear the truth unfold as he writes about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the war on drugs, the Secret Government and UFOs. Bill is a lucid, rational and powerful speaker who intent is to inform and to empower his audience. Standing room only is normal. His presentation and information transcend partisan affiliations as he clearly addresses issues in a way that has a striking impact on listeners of all backgrounds and interests. He has spoken to many groups throughout the United States and has appeared regularly on many radio talk shows and on television. In 1988 Bill decided to talk due to events then taking place worldwide, events which he had seen plans for back in the early '70s. Since Bill has been talking, he has correctly predicted the lowering of the Iron Curtain, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the invasion of Panama. All Bill's predictions were on record well before the events occurred. Bill is not a psychic. His information comes from Top Secret documents that he read while with the Intelligence Briefing Team and from over 17 years of thorough research. Bill Cooper is the world's leading expert on UFOs. -- Billy Goodman, KVEG, Las Vegas. The onlt man in America who has all the pieces to the puzzle that has troubled so many for so long. -- Anthony Hilder, Radio Free America William Cooper may be one of America's greatest heros, and this story may be the biggest story in the history of the world. -- Mills Crenshaw, KTALK, Salt Lake City. Like it or not, everything is changing. The result will be the most wonderful experience in the history of man or the most horrible enslavement that you can imagine. Be active or abdicate, the future is in your hands. -- William Cooper, October 24, 1989. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Awful Archives Jenny Rice, 2020-04-21 An exploration of exaggerated cases of conspiracy theories which helps to reveal why traditional modes of argument fail against unwarranted, unsound, or untrue evidence. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: You can't handle the conspiracy truth Ric Mullins, 2019-02-08 First and foremost let me say that there will be 100%% truthful answers to the following 16 conspiracy theory questions at the end of this book. Don't be surprised if the government shows up wanting to take this book from you. 1. Who killed JFK ? 2. What is the truth about Area 51 ? 3. Do aliens exist? 4. Was the government behind 9/11 ? 5. What happened on Pan Am flight 103 ? 6. What are chem trails? 7. Did Adolph Hitler survive and escape WW2 ? 8. Who is the New World Order ? 9. Are there really Fema concentration camps ? 10. What are the facts on global warming ? 11. Who runs the Illuminati ? 12. Was Sandy hook a government plan ? 13. Are RFID chips secretly used ? 14. What is Nibiru ? 15. Were Aids and Ebola CIA creations ? 16. What are false flag operations ? |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories in American History Peter Knight, 2003-12-11 The first comprehensive history of conspiracies and conspiracy theories in the United States. Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia is the first comprehensive, research-based, scholarly study of the pervasiveness of our deeply ingrained culture of conspiracy. From the Puritan witch trials to the Masons, from the Red Scare to Watergate, Whitewater, and the War on Terror, this encyclopedia covers conspiracy theories across the breadth of U.S. history, examining the individuals, organizations, and ideas behind them. Its over 300 alphabetical entries cover both the documented records of actual conspiracies and the cultural and political significance of specific conspiracy speculations. Neither promoting nor dismissing any theory, the entries move beyond the usual biased rhetoric to provide a clear-sighted, dispassionate look at each conspiracy (real or imagined). Readers will come to understand the political and social contexts in which these theories arose, the mindsets and motivations of the people promoting them, the real impact of society's reactions to conspiracy fears, warranted or not, and the verdict (when verifiable) that history has passed on each case. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Encyclopaedia Britannica Hugh Chisholm, 1910 This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Rough Guide to Conspiracy Theories, The (3rd) James McConnachie, Robin Tudge, 2013-02-01 Fully revised and updated, The Rough Guide to Conspiracy Theories sorts the myths from the realities, the allegations from the explanations and the paranoid from the probable. Who might be trying to convince us that climate change is or isn't real? What is the truth behind the death of Osama bin Laden and is he still alive? When did the CIA start experimenting with mind control? Where is the HAARP installation and did it have anything to do with the Japanese tsunami disaster? Why is surveillance in our cities and online so widespread and what are the real benefits? This definitive guide to the world's most controversial conspiracies wanders through a maze of sinister secrets, suspicious cover-ups hidden agendas and clandestine operations to explore all these questions - and many many more. Now available in PDF format. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: QAnon and Other Conspiracy Theories Kathryn Roberts, 2021-12-15 Anthology of curated essays addressing QAnon and conspiracy theories--why they begin, how they catch fire, and how they affect politics and society-- |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracies Alex Monaldo, 2016-09-26 This book has 21 conspiracy theories that all get to the bottom of what really happened. Don't trust the mass media? This book is purposely written to give you an eye opening experience and compel you to change your perspective regarding current explanations of popular events that made a huge impact on mankind. Each chapter talks about a specific theory; when it happened; and why it happened. It also includes a What to believe section that provides well thought out observations, and will help you identify loopholes in common knowledge so you can see new possibilities. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: For Nobody's Eyes Only Nicholas Redfern, Nick Redfern, 2013-10 Under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act, government agencies have declassified millions of pages of documents on numerous subjects. But there are other files, many of a far more intriguing nature than those the government has already released. They're the ones that agencies haven't released. They include the files that supposedly can't be found, that are suspiciously missing, as well as the top-secret papers that agencies admit exist but which they are determined to keep hidden from us. The reason: to prevent the truth behind some of the biggest conspiracies of all time from ever surfacing. For Nobody's Eyes Only includes fascinating new information on: The conspiracy-filled story of the buried files and photos documenting the legendary Roswell UFO crash of 1947 The truth about the secret records of the JFK assassination that still remain sealed from public view The sensational and missing data behind the Watergate scandal that brought down President Nixon The mysteriously vanished documents on the CIA's controversial mind-control operation, Project MKUltra It will also discuss the nature of how documents are deemed classified and top secret. For Nobody's Eyes Only picks the locks to the secret vaults they don't want any of us to see. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Mysterious Murders and Missing Persons: True Crime Cases That Defy Explanation Nicholas Creighton, Step into the shadowy world of unsolved mysteries with Mysterious Murders and Missing Persons: True Crime Cases That Defy Explanation. This gripping collection delves into some of the most perplexing true crime cases that continue to baffle investigators and haunt the public's imagination. From eerie disappearances to chilling murders, each case is meticulously researched and presented with compelling narrative flair. Whether you are a true crime enthusiast or a newcomer to the genre, this book will captivate you with stories that challenge the boundaries of reality and justice. Inside this book, you will find: Mysterious Murders: Detailed accounts of unsolved murder cases that leave more questions than answers. Haunting Disappearances: Stories of individuals who vanished without a trace, leaving behind only enigmatic clues. In-Depth Analysis: Examination of evidence, theories, and possible motives behind these perplexing cases. Historical Context: Insights into the historical and social contexts that may have influenced these mysterious events. Expert Perspectives: Commentary from criminologists, investigators, and true crime experts. Mysterious Murders and Missing Persons is your ultimate guide to the world of unsolved true crime. Dive into these haunting tales and see if you can piece together the puzzles that continue to defy explanation. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories and the Failure of Intellectual Critique Kurtis Hagen, 2022-07-20 Conspiracy Theories and the Failure of Intellectual Critique argues that conspiracy theories, including those that conflict with official accounts and suggest that prominent people in Western democracies have engaged in appalling behavior, should be taken seriously and judged on their merits and problems on a case-by-case basis. It builds on the philosophical work on this topic that has developed over the past quarter century, challenging some of it, but affirming the emerging consensus: each conspiracy theory ought to be judged on its particular merits and faults. The philosophical consensus contrasts starkly with what one finds in the social science literature. Kurtis Hagen argues that significant aspects of that literature, especially the psychological study of conspiracy theorists, has turned out to be flawed and misleading. Those flaws are not randomly directed; rather, they consistently serve to disparage conspiracy theorists unfairly. This suggests that there may be a bias against conspiracy theorists in the academy, skewing “scientific” results. Conspiracy Theories and the Failure of Intellectual Critique argues that social scientists who study conspiracy theories and/or conspiracy theorists would do well to better absorb the implications of the philosophical literature. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theories in American History Christopher R. Fee, Jeffrey B. Webb, 2019-05-24 This up-to-date introduction to the complex world of conspiracies and conspiracy theories provides insight into why millions of people are so ready to believe the worst about our political, legal, religious, and financial institutions. Unsupported theories provide simple explanations for catastrophes that are otherwise difficult to understand, from the U.S. Civil War to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York. Ideas about shadowy networks that operate behind a cloak of secrecy, including real organizations like the CIA and the Mafia and imagined ones like the Illuminati, additionally provide a way for people to criticize prevailing political and economic arrangements, while for society's disadvantaged and forgotten groups, conspiracy theories make their suffering and alienation comprehensible and provide a focal point for their economic or political frustrations. These volumes detail the highly controversial and influential phenomena of conspiracies and conspiracy theories in American society. Through interpretive essays and factual accounts of various people, organizations, and ideas, the reader will gain a much greater appreciation for a set of beliefs about political scheming, covert intelligence gathering, and criminal rings that has held its grip on the minds of millions of American citizens and encouraged them to believe that the conspiracies may run deeper, and with a global reach. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Conspiracy Theories Richard Greene, Rachel Robison-Greene, 2020-01-07 Conspiracy theories have become a major element in modern opinion formation. From the theory that the killing of President Kennedy was masterminded by a powerful conspiracy to the theory that 9/11 was an inside job, from the story that Barack Obama wasn’t born in America to the story that Donald Trump was a Russian asset, conspiracy theories have become a major element in opinion formation and an ever-present influence, sometimes open, sometimes hidden, on the daily headline news. In Conspiracy Theories, philosophers of diverse backgrounds and persuasions focus their lenses on the phenomenon of the conspiracy theory, its psychological causes, its typical shape, and its political consequences. Among the questions addressed: ● What’s the formula for designing a contagious conspiracy theory? ● Where does conspiracy theorizing end and investigative reporting begin? ● What can we learn about conspiracy theories from the three movie treatments of the Kennedy assassination (The Parallax View, JFK, and Interview with the Assassin)? ● Does political powerlessness generate conspiracy theories? ● Is conspiracy theorizing essentially an instinct that lies behind all belief in religion and all striving for a meaningful life? ● Can we find conspiracy theories in all political movements for centuries past? ● What are the most common types of fallacious reasoning that tend to support conspiracy theories? ● Is there a psychological disorder at the root of conspiracy theories? ● Why is the number of flat-earthers growing? |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Secrets and Conspiracies , 2022-02-14 Secrets and conspiracies have always played an important role in human history, and today conspiracy theories have become a rather disconcerting practice for picturing our world and our relations with each other. How seriously are we to take them, then? Are we to completely discard them as political rhetoric, purposeful misinformation, or even individual delusions? Or should we take them as serious, perhaps even scientific theories? This collection purports to provide a sober analysis of the much-debated issues and tries to develop and outline conceptual and theoretical tools to make sense of what secrets and conspiracies truly are. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Turning Points—Actual and Alternate Histories Rodney P. Carlisle, J. Geoffrey Golson, 2007-09-01 Offering a unique approach to studying one of the most eventful eras in American history, this volume looks at a dozen key events of the 1960s and 1970s and considers the possible paths history might have taken if the outcomes had been different. This volume in the Turning Points—Actual and Alternative Histories series looks at a tumultuous recent era in American history, a time when pivotal, often tragic, world-changing events seemed to be happening at an alarming rate. America in Revolt during the 1960s and 1970s looks at 12 significant events, from the assassination of John F. Kennedy to the passage of the Civil Rights Act, from the student killings at Kent State to Richard Nixon's resignation. Drawing on the concepts of alternative history, the book portrays each event as it happened, then considers some plausible alternative scenarios of how history would have been different if these events had not occurred. It is a uniquely thought provoking way of exploring an explosive era, whose aftershocks continue to shape the American experience today. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: A Democratic Theory of Truth Linda M. G. Zerilli, 2025-04-25 A critique of the concept of truth presupposed by the post-truth debate—and a bold new vision for a more pluralistic citizenry. We say that we live in a “post-truth” era because disinformation threatens our confidence in the existence of a shared public world. Affirming objective truth may, therefore, seem necessary to save democracy. According to political theorist Linda M. G. Zerilli, such affirmation can stifle political debate and silence dissent. In fact, Zerilli argues that the unqualified insistence on objective truth is as dangerous for democracy as denying it. Drawing on Arendt, Foucault, and Wittgenstein, A Democratic Theory of Truth challenges the concept of truth presupposed by the post-truth debate. It argues that we, the people, have an essential role in discovering and evaluating any truth relevant to the political realm. The result is a striking defense of plurality, dissent, and opinion in contemporary democratic societies. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: Secrets of the Truth Gary Scrimnger, 2010-08-04 It does not matter who or what you are: As long as you are a normal thinking human being, it is clear. Unless we change something, our future is shrouded in calamity. Whether it be self-destructionnuclear or otherwise, religious apocalypse, who knows, maybe chemical, bacterial/viral or some natural disaster bound to annihilate earthwe are here now, in this time, and we have the capacity to impact, change, and affect the future as no other earthly being (that we are aware of) is capable of doing. The window of opportunity is staring us in the face, and we dont see it, grasp it, or realize it, for we are too preoccupied with the current system of survival and control. You do not have to acquire this book to discover its mission, for the clue lies within all of us as to what we are to do about this condition. We all want and desire change, but each and every one of us feels disempowered, disenfranchised, and incapable of affecting the world around us. That is so by design and intent. And the answer to this condition lies within us and is brought to the fore by the many spiritual and religious belief systems we so dearly cling to, but we do not practice it. If you have now figured it out, then bring your force into action because that is exactly what this book isa means to expose, uncover, and mobilize the forces within and around us. And in so doing create a destiny closest aligned to what the Creator intended for all of us and our futures. |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: The real face of illuminati: truth and myths about the secret. Society Shrouded in Mystery – Illuminati Secrets Revealed! Bernadine Christner, 2022-05-23 Illuminati! Are They Really What the Stories Present Them To Be, or Are They Something Entirely Different? Keep Reading and Find Out! As far as secret societies that supposedly have complete control over the world are concerned, the Illuminati should be at the top of any conspiracy theorist's list… Who exactly are the Illuminati? What are they supposed to represent? Why the shroud of mystery? Is it possible that they are hatching some nefarious plans for the world or that they simply want to make the world a better place – if they even exist at all? The Order of the Illuminati and other secret societies have frequently been the subject of heated debates about their role in human history, particularly during the Renaissance. However, as the number of people who believe that the Illuminati secretly controls the world or that the whole thing is a hoax is increasing, more and more facts about the Illuminati have been twisted into falsehoods and myths, making it difficult to discern what is true and what is false. As a result, obtaining a truth regarding the Illuminati Order may be difficult, considering that their history is often rewritten and even changed by those in power. Furthermore, like any other secret organization, the Illuminati Order is meant to be kept hidden. Still, some things are not meant to stay hidden forever… If you are looking for the truth and accurate answers about Illuminati, you are in the right place! This book seeks to construct a more accurate image of the Illuminati Order based on verifiable evidence, much of which is written and accounted for by certain Secret Societies initiates, as it contains valuable information on the Illuminati, including the history, aims, beliefs, and several well-known conspiracy theories related to the group. Here is what this Illuminati guide for conspiracy lovers can offer you: The Illuminati's early beginnings and their religious background The Order's three grades – what is the meaning behind? The Illuminati and modern conspiracy theories – influence on the popular culture Symbolism, rituals, and occultism in the Illuminati Order The link between Illuminati and Freemasons explained The Illuminati's political agenda, strategies, and plans for the world – what is real and what is made up? And much more! If you are looking for answers that will shed light and reveal the truth about the people who control the world from shadows, this book is perfect for you. Embark on a unique journey and discover the real face of the Illuminati. So, what are you waiting for? |
| conspiracy theories list that are true: The Big Book of Conspiracy Theories Tim Rayborn, 2022-10-11 Humanity has long been obsessed with the unexplained, and we have ascribed many mysteries to underground groups and secret schemes. With seeming coincidences piling up around significant events, it's no wonder so many theories have emerged over the years. But how many coincidences are too many before it becomes a conspiracy? That's for you to decide. Explore this compelling collection of unexplained circumstances and uncover hidden agendas, startling allegations, and baffling evidence.-- |
CONSPIRACY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CONSPIRACY is the act of conspiring together. How to use conspiracy in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Conspiracy.
Conspiracy - Wikipedia
A conspiracy, also known as a plot, ploy, or scheme, is a secret plan or agreement between people (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder, …
CONSPIRACY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CONSPIRACY definition: 1. the activity of secretly planning with other people to do something bad or illegal: 2. a…. Learn more.
Conspiracy - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal …
May 31, 2017 · A conspiracy is an agreement or plan, made between two or more people, to engage in an illegal act, to obtain an unlawful objective, or to deprive another person of his …
Conspiracy theory | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
Jun 4, 2025 · Conspiracy theory, an attempt to explain harmful or tragic events as the result of the actions of a small powerful group. Such explanations reject the accepted narrative surrounding …
CONSPIRACY definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
A conspiracy is an agreement between a group of people which other people think is wrong or is likely to be harmful. It's all part of a conspiracy to move everything out of the town centre. He …
conspiracy noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
a secret plan by a group of people to do something harmful or illegal. They were charged with conspiracy to murder. He's the sort of person who sees a conspiracy around every corner. I …
What does CONSPIRACY mean? - Definitions.net
A conspiracy is a secret plan or agreement between two or more individuals or parties to commit an unlawful or harmful act, typically on a large scale. The act targeted may be carried out in …
List of conspiracy theories - Wikipedia
Conspiracy theorists claim that government agents are utilizing directed-energy weapons and electronic surveillance to harass members of the population. Theorists often cite research into …
Conspiracy | Definition, Examples & Cases | Britannica
conspiracy, in common law, an agreement between two or more persons to commit an unlawful act or to accomplish a lawful end by unlawful means. Conspiracy is perhaps the most …
CONSPIRACY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CONSPIRACY is the act of conspiring together. How to use conspiracy in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Conspiracy.
Conspiracy - Wikipedia
A conspiracy, also known as a plot, ploy, or scheme, is a secret plan or agreement between people (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder, …
CONSPIRACY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CONSPIRACY definition: 1. the activity of secretly planning with other people to do something bad or illegal: 2. a…. Learn more.
Conspiracy - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal …
May 31, 2017 · A conspiracy is an agreement or plan, made between two or more people, to engage in an illegal act, to obtain an unlawful objective, or to deprive another person of his …
Conspiracy theory | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
Jun 4, 2025 · Conspiracy theory, an attempt to explain harmful or tragic events as the result of the actions of a small powerful group. Such explanations reject the accepted narrative surrounding …
CONSPIRACY definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
A conspiracy is an agreement between a group of people which other people think is wrong or is likely to be harmful. It's all part of a conspiracy to move everything out of the town centre. He …
conspiracy noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
a secret plan by a group of people to do something harmful or illegal. They were charged with conspiracy to murder. He's the sort of person who sees a conspiracy around every corner. I …
What does CONSPIRACY mean? - Definitions.net
A conspiracy is a secret plan or agreement between two or more individuals or parties to commit an unlawful or harmful act, typically on a large scale. The act targeted may be carried out in …
List of conspiracy theories - Wikipedia
Conspiracy theorists claim that government agents are utilizing directed-energy weapons and electronic surveillance to harass members of the population. Theorists often cite research into …
Conspiracy | Definition, Examples & Cases | Britannica
conspiracy, in common law, an agreement between two or more persons to commit an unlawful act or to accomplish a lawful end by unlawful means. Conspiracy is perhaps the most …
