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| define discrepant: Measuring Success Jack Buckley, Lynn Letukas, Ben Wildavsky, 2018-01-15 Standardized tests have become the gateway to higher education . . . but should they be? For more than seventy-five years, standardized tests have been considered a vital tool for gauging students’ readiness for college. However, few people—including students, parents, teachers, and policy makers—understand how tests like the SAT or ACT are used in admissions decisions. Once touted as the best way to compare students from diverse backgrounds, these tests are now increasingly criticized as being biased in favor of traditionally privileged groups. A small but growing number of colleges have made such testing optional for applicants. Is this the right way to go? Measuring Success investigates the research and policy implications of test-optional practices, considering both sides of the debate. Does a test-optional policy result in a more diverse student body or improve attainment and retention rates? Drawing upon the expertise of higher education researchers, admissions officers, enrollment managers, and policy professionals, this volume is among the first to investigate the research and policy implications of test-optional practices. Although the test-optional movement has received ample attention, its claims have rarely been subjected to empirical scrutiny. This volume provides a much-needed evaluation of the use and value of standardized admissions tests in an era of widespread grade inflation. It will be of great value to those seeking to strike the proper balance between uniformity and fairness in higher education. Contributors: Andrew S. Belasco, A. Emiko Blalock, William G. Bowen, Jim Brooks, Matthew M. Chingos, James C. Hearn, Michael Hurwitz, Jonathan Jacobs, Nathan R. Kuncel, Jason Lee, Jerome A. Lucido, Eric Maguire, Krista Mattern, Michael S. McPherson, Kelly O. Rosinger, Paul R. Sackett, Edgar Sanchez, Dhruv B. Sharma, Emily J. Shaw, Kyle Sweitzer, Roger J. Thompson, Meredith Welch, Rebecca Zwick |
| define discrepant: Social Cognitive Psychology David F. Barone, James E. Maddux, C. R. Snyder, 2012-11-19 A pragmatic social cognitive psychology covers a lot of territory, mostly in personality and social psychology but also in clinical, counseling, and school psychologies. It spans a topic construed as an experimental study of mechanisms by its natural science wing and as a study of cultural interactions by its social science wing. To learn about it, one should visit laboratories, field study settings, and clinics, and one should read widely. If one adds the fourth dimen sion, time, one should visit the archives too. To survey such a diverse field, it is common to offer an edited book with a resulting loss in integration. This book is coauthored by a social personality psychologist with historical interests (DFB: Parts I, II, and IV) in collaboration with two social clinical psychologists (CRS and JEM: Parts III and V). We frequently cross-reference between chapters to aid integration without duplication. To achieve the kind of diversity our subject matter represents, we build each chapter anew to reflect the emphasis of its content area. Some chapters are more historical, some more theoretical, some more empirical, and some more applied. All the chapters reflect the following positions. |
| define discrepant: RTI Success in Secondary Schools Jim Wright, 2009 Learn how to help struggling middle & high school students through the implementation of Response To Intervention (RTI). This book provides advice for tailoring RTI to the realities of secondary settings, including compartmentalized instruction, highly demanding curriculum expectations, complex schedules and students who are approaching adulthood and have a significant voice in their own education program. |
| define discrepant: Experience and its Modes Michael Oakeshott, 2015-10-15 This book is Michael Oakeshott's discussion of the relationships between the most important perspectives from which we experience the world. |
| define discrepant: Engaging Theories in Interpersonal Communication Dawn O. Braithwaite, Paul Schrodt, 2021-10-27 The third edition of this text maintains its place as a key resource for learning the foundational and emerging theories in the field of interpersonal communication. With each chapter devoted to a specific theory and authored by experts in that theory, the book gives students and scholars a comprehensive overview of this field. This edition features an expanded discussion of theory development and evaluation, a new section on theories of identity and difference in close relationships, and increased attention to social media.With the theory chapters sharing the same structure, the book ensures consistent coverage of topics within each theory. This book is an essential text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in interpersonal communication and is a valued resource for scholars. |
| define discrepant: Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice Ronet D. Bachman, Russell K. Schutt, Peggy S. Plass, 2015-12-19 Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice: With Selected Readings, by well-known researchers Ronet D. Bachman, Russell K. Schutt, and Peggy S. Plass, is a unique resource for understanding the multifaceted subject of research methods in the field of criminology and criminal justice, amply illustrated by carefully selected and edited research articles from the leading journals in the field. Each of these articles features an introduction, written to draw the student’s attention to the specific concept(s) from the chapter that are illustrated in the article, and a series of questions about the article, designed to help the student think critically about and reflect on these concepts. In this way, students not only learn how to conduct research, but also learn why it is important to do so. Building off the widely adopted Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice, the additional readings increase students’ understanding of complex issues being investigated in the field today and how those issues are being researched. Additional instructor resources and study tools can be found online at study.sagepub.com/bachmanfrccjsr. |
| define discrepant: An Analysis of the Use of Discrepant Events in Teaching Electricity to Children Patricia Margaret Ryan, 1986 |
| define discrepant: Computational Paralinguistics Björn Schuller, Anton Batliner, 2013-12-04 This book presents the methods, tools and techniques that are currently being used to recognise (automatically) the affect, emotion, personality and everything else beyond linguistics (‘paralinguistics’) expressed by or embedded in human speech and language. It is the first book to provide such a systematic survey of paralinguistics in speech and language processing. The technology described has evolved mainly from automatic speech and speaker recognition and processing, but also takes into account recent developments within speech signal processing, machine intelligence and data mining. Moreover, the book offers a hands-on approach by integrating actual data sets, software, and open-source utilities which will make the book invaluable as a teaching tool and similarly useful for those professionals already in the field. Key features: Provides an integrated presentation of basic research (in phonetics/linguistics and humanities) with state-of-the-art engineering approaches for speech signal processing and machine intelligence. Explains the history and state of the art of all of the sub-fields which contribute to the topic of computational paralinguistics. C overs the signal processing and machine learning aspects of the actual computational modelling of emotion and personality and explains the detection process from corpus collection to feature extraction and from model testing to system integration. Details aspects of real-world system integration including distribution, weakly supervised learning and confidence measures. Outlines machine learning approaches including static, dynamic and context‐sensitive algorithms for classification and regression. Includes a tutorial on freely available toolkits, such as the open-source ‘openEAR’ toolkit for emotion and affect recognition co-developed by one of the authors, and a listing of standard databases and feature sets used in the field to allow for immediate experimentation enabling the reader to build an emotion detection model on an existing corpus. |
| define discrepant: Writing Literature Reviews Jose L. Galvan, Melisa C. Galvan, 2017-04-05 This useful guide educates students in the preparation of literature reviews for term projects, theses, and dissertations. The authors provide numerous examples from published reviews that illustrate the guidelines discussed throughout the book. New to the seventh edition: Each chapter breaks down the larger holistic review of literature exercise into a series of smaller, manageable steps Practical instructions for navigating today’s digital libraries Comprehensive discussions about digital tools, including bibliographic and plagiarism detection software Chapter activities that reflect the book’s updated content New model literature reviews Online resources designed to help instructors plan and teach their courses (www.routledge.com/9780415315746). |
| define discrepant: Meaning and Method Isaac Reed, Jeffrey C. Alexander, 2015-11-17 Culture is increasingly important to American social science, but in what way? This book addresses the core issues of the sociology of culture-questions about the social role of meaning, along with those about the methods sociologists use to study culture and society-in a manner that makes clear their relevance to sociology as a whole. Part I consists of essays by leading cultural sociologists on how the turn to culture has changed the sociological study of organizations, economic action, and television, and concludes with Georgina Born's methodological statement on the sociology of art and cultural production. Part II contains a highly original, and at times heated, debate between Richard Biernacki and John H. Evans on the appropriateness of abstract and quantifiable coding schemes for the sociological study of culture. Ranging from the philosophy of science to the concrete, practical problems of interpreting masses of cultural data, the debate raises the controversy over the interpretation of culture and the explanation of social action to a new level of sophistication. |
| define discrepant: How to Manage Training Carolyn D. Nilson, 2003 Annotation. Now in a thoroughly updated third edition, this classic training guide shows readers how to build and maintain a successful, cost-effective organizational learning program. This is the training manager's ultimate answer book and set of tools for creating, developing, and managing the training function. |
| define discrepant: Handbook of Special Education James M. Kauffman, Daniel P. Hallahan, 2011-05-15 Special education is now an established part of public education in the United States—by law and by custom. However, it is still widely misunderstood and continues to be dogged by controversies related to such things as categorization, grouping, assessment, placement, funding, instruction, and a variety of legal issues. The purpose of this 13-part, 57-chapter handbook is to help profile and bring greater clarity to this sprawling and growing field. To ensure consistency across the volume, chapter authors review and integrate existing research, identify strengths and weaknesses, note gaps in the literature, and discuss implications for practice and future research. Key features include: Comprehensive Coverage—Fifty-seven chapters cover all aspects of special education in the United States including cultural and international comparisons. Issues & Trends—In addition to synthesizing empirical findings and providing a critical analysis of the status and direction of current research, chapter authors discuss issues related to practice and reflect on trends in thinking. Categorical Chapters—In order to provide a comprehensive and comparative treatment of the twelve categorical chapters in section IV, chapter authors were asked to follow a consistent outline: Definition, Causal Factors, Identification, Behavioral Characteristics, Assessment, Educational Programming, and Trends and Issues. Expertise—Edited by two of the most accomplished scholars in special education, chapter authors include a carefully chosen mixture of established and rising young stars in the field. This book is an appropriate reference volume for anyone (researchers, scholars, graduate students, practitioners, policy makers, and parents) interested in the state of special education today: its research base, current issues and practices, and future trends. It is also appropriate as a textbook for graduate level courses in special education. |
| define discrepant: Advances in Sport Psychology Thelma S. Horn, 2008 This third edition presents a thorough review of the literature and terminilogy in key topic areas. The clear explanation of potential research directions and the list of contributors make this a must-have book for students of sport psychology. |
| define discrepant: Communication Yearbook 38 Elisia L. Cohen, 2014-05-09 Communication Yearbook 38 continues the tradition of publishing state-of-the-discipline literature reviews and essays. Editor Elisia Cohen presents a volume that is highly international and interdisciplinary in scope, with authors and chapters representing the broad global interests of the International Communication Association. The contents include summaries of communication research programs that represent the most innovative work currently. Offering a blend of chapters emphasizing timely disciplinary concerns and enduring theoretical questions, this volume will be valuable to scholars throughout communication studies. |
| define discrepant: Applied Ethics S.D. Chamola, 2017-01-10 Applied ethics is a field of ethics that deals with ethical questions specific to a professional, disciplinary, or practical field. There is ample literature available on ethics but there is scarcity of literature as how to apply the principles of ethics in solving the problems of contemporary world. The main objective of the book is how to apply principles and theories of ethics in day-to-day life in our ordinary business of life. There are numerous dimensions of ethics but it is not possible to discuss all of them. Some important subsets of applied ethics are discussed in the book. First, what are the principles of ethics and how ethics is associated with religion, law, science and technology? Second, the present world is facing grave issues such as climate change, population explosion, Corruption and violence, globalisation problems etc. How these issues can be resolved ethically. Third, all the countries of the world are engaged in rapid economic development of their economies. How this can be done ethically. The main aim behind this book is that the Individuals, Societies, Corporations, Countries and the entire world should be run on ethical lines. This alone will endure happiness and well-being of all. |
| define discrepant: Johnson and Walker's Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language Samuel Johnson, John Walker, 1862 |
| define discrepant: Current Directions in Dyslexia Research Dirk J. Bakker, Kees P. van den Bos, David L. Share, Linda S. Siegel, 2020-12-17 This book covers research on biopsychological aspects of dyslexia reflects on psycholinguistic aspects of dyslexia offers reflections on dyslexia treatment research in general. It points out that in some dyslexics it is not sufficient to treat word identification difficulties alone. |
| define discrepant: The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education Christopher P. Brown, Mary Benson McMullen, Nancy File, 2019-01-22 The essential resource to the issues surrounding childhood care and education with contributions from noted experts The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education is a comprehensive resource that offers a review of the historical aspects, best practices, and the future directions of the field. With contributions from noted experts in the field, the book contains 30 interdisciplinary essays that explore in-depth the central issues of early childhood care and education. The handbook presents a benchmark reference to the basic knowledge, effective approaches to use with young children, curriculum design, professional development, current policies, and other critical information. The expert contributors address the myriad complex policy and practice issues that are most relevant today. The essays provide insight into topics such as child development and diversity, the sociocultural process of child development, the importance of the home environment in the lives of young children, early childhood special education, teaching and learning literacy, and much more. This important resource: Presents a comprehensive synopsis of the major components of the field of early childhood care and education Contains contributions from leading scholars, researchers, and experts in the field Offers the foundational knowledge and practices for working with young children Puts the focus on how early childhood works and presents an understanding of culture as a foundational component of both child development and early childhood education Written for academic scholars, researchers, advocates, policymakers, and students of early childhood care and education, The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education is a comprehensive resource to the major issues for dealing with childhood care and education with contributions from noted scholars in the field. |
| define discrepant: Personality , 1970 |
| define discrepant: Writing Literature Reviews Melisa C. Galvan, Jose L. Galvan, 2024-11-14 Writing Literature Reviews: A Guide for Students of the Social and Behavioral Sciences provides students with practical guidelines for the complex process of writing literature reviews for course projects, theses or dissertations, and research manuscripts for publication. This bestselling book follows a systematic, natural progression of steps and focuses on the writing of critical reviews of original research. Steps and guidelines are organized sequentially and are illustrated with examples from a wide range of actual (and recent) academic journals. Each chapter is designed to scaffold and help students develop a set of specific products that will contribute to a competent literature review. Writing Literature Reviews is ideal for use in research methods courses, thesis/dissertation preparation courses, research seminars where a literature review is expected as a culminating activity, or any course in which the instructor needs to cover the vital components necessary to prepare a literature review for a variety of audiences. The book is supported by online materials including self-test quizzes for students, and lecture slides for instructors. New to this edition: Expanded sections on plagiarism and selection bias. Updated chapter examples and references. Expanded discussion of digital research tools. Discussion of the implications of AI use. New model literature reviews that complement existing reviews that our longtime adopters have found useful. These can serve as the basis for classroom discussions and as source material for end-of-chapter activities, as needed. |
| define discrepant: Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disorder , 2019-11-27 Nowadays, neurodevelopmental disorders comprise a large proportion of mental health diagnoses. These disorders, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, include intellectual disabilities, communication disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, specific learning disorders, and motor disorders. Current research is pointing in the direction of schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and other disorders being included in the category of neurodevelopmental disorders as well. There is a great deal of overlap among these disorders and they are best understood in a dimensional fashion. This book sets out the future of psychiatry in relation to these disorders and what is basically a new understanding of psychiatry in recent decades. Chapters cover topics such as early recognition of schizophrenia, epilepsy, and the genetics of ataxia telangiectasia. Also included is an examination of the complex issue of systems biology and neurodevelopment. |
| define discrepant: Is Canada Postcolonial? Laura Moss, 2009-08-01 How can postcolonialism be applied to Canadian literature? In all that has been written about postcolonialism, surprisingly little has specifically addressed the position of Canada, Canadian literature, or Canadian culture. Postcolonialism is a theory that has gained credence throughout the world; it is be productive to ask if and how we, as Canadians, participate in postcolonial debates. It is also vital to examine the ways in which Canada and Canadian culture fit into global discussions as our culture reflects how we interact with our neighbours, allies, and adversaries. This collection wrestles with the problems of situating Canadian literature in the ongoing debates about culture, identity, and globalization, and of applying the slippery term of postcolonialism to Canadian literature. The topics range in focus from discussions of specific literary works to general theoretical contemplations. The twenty-three articles in this collection grapple with the recurrent issues of postcolonialism — including hybridity, collaboration, marginality, power, resistance, and historical revisionism — from the vantage point of those working within Canada as writers and critics. While some seek to confirm the legitimacy of including Canadian literature in the discussions of postcolonialism, others challenge this very notion. |
| define discrepant: Legal Aspects of Trade Finance Charles Chatterjee, 2015-09-16 Trade finance is of great importance in the commercial world, for both students (undergraduate and postgraduate) and practitioners. The choice of countries in export trade is often perception-based: trade with government departments or public institutions is seen as much safer than with private entities and the choice of countries is often based on that perception of risk. This book: addresses issues and topics which are relevant to all jurisdictions in the world explains the various types of trade finance, how they may be raised and the legal issues pertaining to them Value for those wanting to understand the legal issues of sources of trade finance in both the developed and developing countries, this book will interest students studying the interaction between law and commerce. |
| define discrepant: Psychology Library Editions: Child Development Various, 2021-12-02 Psychology Library Editions: Child Development (20 Volume set) brings together a diverse number of titles across many areas of developmental psychology, from children’s play to language development. The series of previously out-of-print titles, originally published between 1930 and 1993, with the majority from the 70s and 80s, includes contributions from many respected authors in the field and charts the progression of the field over this time. |
| define discrepant: Psychiatry Allan Tasman, Jerald Kay, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Michael B. First, Michelle Riba, 2015-02-05 Now in a new Fourth Edition, Psychiatry remains the leading reference on all aspects of the current practice and latest developments in psychiatry. From an international team of recognised expert editors and contributors, Psychiatry provides a truly comprehensive overview of the entire field of psychiatry in 132 chapters across two volumes. It includes two new sections, on psychosomatic medicine and collaborative care, and on emergency psychiatry, and compares Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD10) classifications for every psychiatric disorder. Psychiatry, Fourth Edition is an essential reference for psychiatrists in clinical practice and clinical research, residents in training, and for all those involved in the treatment psychiatric disorders. Includes a a companion website at www.tasmanpsychiatry.com featuring PDFs of each chapter and downloadable images |
| define discrepant: Curriculum-based Measurement Mark R. Shinn, 1989-03-17 Developed specifically to overcome problems with traditional standardized instruments, curriculum-based measurement (CBM) has steadily increased in educational use. These brief assessment probes of reading, spelling, written expression, and mathematics serve to quantify student performance as well as to enhance academic achievement. Their widening use as a means of evaluation and ultimately of instruction, has created a corresponding need to expand the applications of this methodology to diverse populations. This new volume addresses that need by focusing on the broader application of CBM, providing practical new measures, as well as detailing their use with specific student groups. |
| define discrepant: New and Enlarged Dictionary of the English Language , 1836 |
| define discrepant: Contract Law and Social Morality Peter M. Gerhart, 2021-02-18 A concise and readable guide to reasoning about the source and content of contractual obligations when disagreements arise. |
| define discrepant: New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies , 1977 |
| define discrepant: Client-centered and Experiential Psychotherapy in the Nineties Richard Balen, 1990 This voluminous book of 47 chapters offers a good cross section of what is burgeoing in the field of client-centered and experiential psychotherapy on the threshold of the nineties. it does not represent a single vision but gives the floor to the various suborientations: classics Rogerians; client-centered therapists who favor some form of integration or even eclecticism; experiential psychotherapists for whom Gendlin's focusing approach is a precious way of working; client-centered therapists who look at the therapy process in terms of information-processing; existentially oriented therapists... Remarkable is that - for the first time in the history of client-centered/experiential psychotherapy - the European voice rings through forcefully: more than half of the contributions were written by authors from Western Europe.Several chapters contain reflections on the evolution--past, present, and future--of client-centered/experiential psychotherapy. The intensive research into the process, which had a central place in the initial phase of client-centered therapy, is given here ample attention, with several creative studies and proposals for renewal. In numerous contributions efforts are made to build and further develop a theroy of psychopathology, the client's process, the basic attitudes and task-oriented interventions of the therapist. The chapters dealing with clinical practice typically aim at the description of therapy with specific client populations and paricularly severely disturbed clients. And finally a few fields are introduced which are new or barely explored within the client-centered/experiential approach: working with dreams, health psychology, couple and family therapy. |
| define discrepant: Go with the Vet-Flow! The Current Uses and New Frontiers of Flow Cytometry in Veterinary Sciences Fulvio Riondato, Francesco Grandoni , Alberto Alvarez-Barrientos, 2025-04-10 Flow cytometry (FC) is a powerful and flexible technology that allows the multiparametric characterization of single cells or small particles. In humans, it is currently used in basic research and diagnosis in oncology, immunology, and haematology. In the veterinary field it has steadily grown in the last decades for diagnosing and characterizing lymphomas and leukaemias in pets. Furthermore, FC is applied in different areas of possible veterinary interest such as microbiology, virology, pharmacology, reproduction, farm and marine animals, wildlife, aquaculture, food production and control, and more. Finally, it can set or expand its usefulness in different fields with applications aimed, for instance, to help diagnostic/prognostic evaluations in clinical settings, checking the health/welfare status of animals, screening for specific diseases, improving feed quality, vaccine development, warrant food health. Nevertheless, veterinary FC still has critical limitations, such as the availability of reagents and instruments in the field, particularly fluorescent monoclonal antibodies, and the low uptake of the latest technological innovations (imaging or spectral flow cytometry, mass cytometry). |
| define discrepant: Identification of Learning Disabilities Renee Bradley, Louis Danielson, Daniel P. Hallahan, 2002-12-18 Identification of Learning Disabilities: Research to Practice is the remarkable product of a learning disabilities summit conference convened by the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) in August 2001 and the activities following that summit. Both the conference and this book were seen as important preludes to congressional reauthorization of the historic Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) scheduled for 2002 and subsequent decision making surrounding implementation. The OSEP conference brought together people with different perspectives on LD (parents, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers) and resulted in this book, which examines the research on nine key issues concerning the identification of children with learning disabilities. Coverage includes alternative responses to treatment, classification approaches, processing deficit models, and approaches to decision making. Chapter Structure-- Each of the first nine chapters is organized around a lengthy, issue-oriented paper, which presents the most current research on that topic. These primary papers are then followed by four respondent papers that reflect a variety of viewpoints on the topic. Summarizing Chapter -- A small group of researchers (listed in the final chapter) dedicated an enormous amount of time to summarizing the research and developing key consensus statements regarding the identification of children with learning disabilities. Their work is sure to have a tremendous impact on future discussions in this area. Expertise-- The following well-known scholars have helped summarize the vast amount of research presented in this book as well as the consensus statements derived therefrom: Lynne Cook, Don Deshler, Doug Fuchs, Jack M. Fletcher, Frank Gresham, Dan Hallahan, Joseph Jenkins, Kenneth Kavale, Barbara Keogh, Margo Mastopieri, Cecil Mercer, Dan Reschley, Rune Simeonsson, Joe Torgesen, Sharon Vaughn, and Barbara Wise. |
| define discrepant: Murder in the Courtroom Brigitte Vallabhajosula Ph.D., 2015-01-02 Answers to many legal questions often depend on our understanding of the relationship between the human brain and behavior. While there is no evidence to suggest that violence is the sole result of cognitive impairment, research does suggest that frontal lobe impairment in particular may contribute to the etiology of violent behavior. Murder in the Courtroom presents a comprehensive and detailed analysis of issues most relevant to answering questions regarding the link between cognitive functioning and violence. It is the first book to focus exclusively on the etiology and assessment of cognitive impairment in the context of violent behavior and the challenges courts face in determining the reliability of neuroscience evidence; provide objective discussions of currently available neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging techniques, and their strengths and limitations; provide a methodology for the assessment of cognitive dysfunction in the context of violent behavior that is likely to withstand a Daubert challenge; and include detailed discussions of criminal cases to illustrate important points. Clinical and forensic psychologists and psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists, and legal professionals will be able to use this book to further their understanding of the relationship between brain function and extreme violence. |
| define discrepant: Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders , 2024-03-15 This book extensively reviews Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes in light of the most recent descriptions of autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens (only partly associated with paraneoplastic disorders) and the introduction of new immuno-oncological drugs that can contribute to causing diseases that are pathogenetically indistinguishable from paraneoplastic syndromes. These two new developments have not been addressed in other volumes available on the market. Section 1 focuses on immunological defense mechanisms against tumors. Besides investigating the pathogenetic mechanisms of these disorders, this section will also explore what the introduction of new drugs used in immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy is teaching us in terms of immunopathogenesis. The second section will present individual syndromes (phenotypical clinical manifestations) of the CNS, PNS, NMJ and muscle. These chapters will, however, be preceded by an epidemiological analysis and a chapter describing the clinical approach to patients with these disorders. Consideration will also be given in specific chapters to general therapeutic strategies and the techniques used to search for diagnostically relevant autoantibodies. Presentation of the individual diseases will be followed by a third section investigating the role of antibody markers, presented in three chapters differentiating cytoplasmic, nuclear and neuronal cell surface reactivities. The innovative component of the final two sections compared to previously published volumes lies in their presentation of the profile of paraneoplastic diseases by tumor type. Special attention will be given to thymoma (involved particularly with novel antibodies against surface antigens), and neuroendocrine tumours, which are as yet comparatively unexplored in the literature. Lastly, a clinical update will be provided on gynecological, hematological and testicular malignancies. The last section will address side effects of the new immuno-oncological drugs increasingly used in cancer therapy. The high number of neurological complications that occur when tumor checkpoints are inhibited against immune defences provides the ideal experimental model for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. - Profiles paraneoplastic diseases by tumor type - Identifies the pathogenetic mechanisms of PNS and provides epidemiological analysis - Presents individual syndromes of the CNS, PNS, NMJ, and muscle - Investigates the role of antibody markers - Differentiates cytoplasmic, nuclear, and neuronal cell surface reactivities - Discusses immune-oncological drugs causing diseases that are indistinguishable from PNS - Reviews therapeutic strategies and clinical approach to PNS patients |
| define discrepant: Assessing Psychometric Fitness of Intelligence Tests Gary L. Canivez, 2025-03-25 Assessing Psychometric Fitness of Intelligence Tests: Toward Evidence-Based Interpretation Practices addresses issues and concerns regarding appropriate ethical and scientific underpinnings for the appropriate interpretation of intelligence tests. Ethical test interpretation requires test users to consider the empirical evidence for individual and all test score comparisons and to make appropriate clinical decisions accordingly. This requires test users to have competencies in advanced psychometric principles. The chapters in this edited volume present a variety of topics, including the intersection of ethical principles, test standards, and psychometric properties that guide evidence-based interpretation; surveys of empirical evidence in the literature for qualifying major intelligence test interpretations, and psychological measurement topics that impact psychometric understanding of what current intelligence tests can and cannot do. This critical discussion has implications for basic undergraduate and graduate instruction, as well as supervision in clinical and research applications. |
| define discrepant: International Trade Finance and Forex Operations Gargi Sanati, 2024-04-23 This book bridges the existing gap between the theory and practices related to international finance. It discusses banking theories and operational procedures relating to the methods of payment with special reference to Letters of credit (LCs), like revolving LCs, back-to-back LCs, transferable LCs, and standby LCs, with specific applications of documentary discrepancies. Moreover, this book discusses merchanting trade, buyers’ credit and supplier’s credit, and bank guarantees with many practical caselets, linked to the applications of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and other regulatory rules. It also examines the various roles of banks in financing international trade which are extensively discussed through several cases. This volume: Explains in-depth the intricacies and discrepancies relating to the documentation involved in international trade Presents in detail the various steps of executing an export or import deal, right from signing of the contract, managing pre-shipment credit, and booking a forward contract to hedge the exchange rate risk till the closing of the deal Gives a comprehensive account of all trade finance products with processes and procedures, rules, and regulations, and risks and mitigates Discusses the application of ICC rules through detailed case-lets, which helps an exporter take necessary actions when the payment is denied by a party overseas, or how an importer can simply deny the payment if there is documentary noncompliance Scrutinises different types of forex transactions, the regulatory framework within which they take place, and the associated risks and solutions Attempts to resolve the existing disparity in the understanding and interpretation of regulatory guidelines and the practices adopted by banks and corporate houses in implementing them. Accessibly written, this book will be useful to students, researchers, and teachers from the fields of management, business studies, international trade and treasury operations, finance, international banking, trade and commerce, and economics. This will also be an invaluable companion to the professionals working in export–import businesses, foreign exchange businesses, treasury front-office and back-office operations, bureaucrats, and public policymakers. |
| define discrepant: Naval Research Logistics Quarterly , 1969 |
| define discrepant: Aortic Stenosis Amr E. Abbas, 2015-06-11 With the advent of less invasive treatments for aortic stenosis including percutaneous and apical replacement, more patients are being offered this technology. As such, determining the true severity of aortic stenosis is becoming paramount. Many clinical scenarios occur where the area and gradient estimates of severity do not match. This book will present case by case examples of different patients with a wide variety of aortic stenosis. It will assist cardiologists in identifying patients with true aortic stenosis who may benefit from valve replacement. It will also highlight the role and advent of new technology as the role of CTA, MRI, and 3D echo for diagnosis and TAVR and mini surgery for treatment. The audience will range from clinical cardiologists, imaging cardiologists and interventionalists alike. |
| define discrepant: Life in the Middle Sherry L. Willis, James B. Reid, 1998-11-03 There is a growing body of scientific knowledge regarding development during the middle years which has so far been relegated to discipline-specific texts and journals (e.g., clinical psychology and endocrinology). Life in the Middle consolidates main findings across disciplines, with a life-span perspective regarding mid-life. Coverage includes individual development in middle age from the psychological and biological perspectives as well as the sociocultural context in which middle-aged individuals live and work, including physical health in mid-life, psychological well-being, cognitive development, the impact of work on the individual, and the general development of the self. This age period is increasingly becoming the focus of scholarly attention as the largest cohort in U.S. history are now moving into the middle years (e.g., the babyboomers). From 1990 to 2015 the number of middle-aged people will increase 72 percent from 47 to 80 million. - Contributors are outstanding scholars in the field of adult development - Addresses critical theoretical issues in midlife - Includes important contributions to our understanding of physical health at midlife - Presents a thorough review of women's health at midlife - Takes a holistic approach to biopsychosocial functioning at midlife |
| define discrepant: Child Neuropsychology Margaret Semrud-Clikeman, Phyllis Anne Teeter Ellison, 2009-06-15 During the past decade, significant advances have been made in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, resulting in a considerable impact on conceptualization, diagnostics, and practice. The second edition of Child Neuropsychology: Assessment and Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Disorders brings readers up to speed clearly and authoritatively, offering the latest information on neuroimaging technologies, individual disorders, and effective treatment of children and adolescents. Starting with the basics of clinical child neuropsychology and functional anatomy, the authors present a transactional framework for assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. The book carefully links structure and function—and behavioral and biological science—for a more nuanced understanding of brain development and of pathologies as varied as pervasive developmental disorders, learning disabilities, neuromotor dysfunction, seizure disorders, and childhood cancers. This volume features a range of salient features valuable to students as well as novice and seasoned practitioners alike, including: Overview chapters that discuss the effects of biogenic and environmental factors on neurological functioning. New emphasis on multicultural/cross-cultural aspects of neuropsychology and assessment. Brand new chapters on interpretation, neuropsychological assessment process, and report writing. An integrative model of neurological, neuroradiological, and psychological assessment and diagnosis. Balanced coverage of behavioral, pharmacological, and educational approaches to treatment. Case studies illustrating typical and distinctive presentations and successful diagnosis, treatment planning, and intervention. Important practice updates, including the new HIPAA regulations. Child Neuropsychology, 2nd Edition, is vital reading for school, clinical child, and counseling psychologists as well as neuropsychologists. The book also provides rich background and practical material for graduate students entering these fields. |
DEFINE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINE is to determine or identify the essential qualities or meaning of. How to use define in a sentence.
DEFINE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DEFINE definition: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe the…. Learn more.
Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words
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DEFINE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are, or what it is like.
Define - definition of define by The Free Dictionary
1. to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, etc.). 2. to explain or identify the nature or essential qualities of; describe. 3. to specify: to define responsibilities. 4. to determine or fix the …
DEFINE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Define definition: to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.).. See examples of DEFINE used in a sentence.
DEFINE | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
DEFINE meaning: 1. to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is: 2. to explain and describe the…. Learn more.
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DEFINITION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DEFINITION is a statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol. How to use definition in a sentence.
Cambridge Dictionary | English Dictionary, Translations & Thesaurus
Free word lists and quizzes to create, download and share! The most popular dictionary and thesaurus for learners of English. Meanings and definitions of words with pronunciations and …
