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cornell policy analysis and management: Cornell University: Policy Analysis and Management , The Department of Policy Analysis and Management is part of the College of Human Ecology at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. The department discusses the undergraduate and graduate programs, the curricula, the faculty, and research programs. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Cornell University Courses of Study Cornell University, 2005 |
cornell policy analysis and management: The Great Wall of Money Eric Helleiner, Jonathan Kirshner, 2014-09-08 As an economic superpower, China has become an increasingly important player in the international monetary system. Its foreign exchange reserves are the largest in the world and its exchange rate policy has become a major subject of international economic diplomacy. The internationalization of the renminbi (RMB) raises critical questions in international policy circles: What kinds of power is China acquiring in international monetary relations? What are the priorities of the Chinese government? What explains its preferences? In The Great Wall of Money, a distinguished group of contributors addresses these questions from distinct perspectives, revealing the extent to which China’s choices, and global monetary affairs, will be shaped by internal political factors and affect world politics. The RMB is a likely competitor for the dollar in the next couple of decades; its emergence as an important international currency would have substantial effects on the balance of power between the United States and China. By illuminating the politics of China’s international monetary relations, this book provides a timely account of the global economy, the role of the renminbi in international relations, and the trajectory of China’s continuing ascendency in the coming decades. |
cornell policy analysis and management: The Future of Passenger Rail United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 2014 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Strategies for Governing Alasdair Roberts, 2020-01-15 With the fields of public administration and public management suffering a crisis of relevance, Alasdair Roberts offers a provocative assessment of their shortfalls. The two fields, he finds, no longer address urgent questions of governance in a turbulent and dangerous world. Strategies for Governing offers a new path forward for research, teaching, and practice. Leaders of states, Roberts writes, are constantly reinventing strategies for governing. Experts in public administration must give advice on the design as well as execution of strategies that effective, robust, and principled. Strategies for Governing challenges us to reinvigorate public administration and public management, preparing the fields for the challenges of the twenty-first century. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Handbook of Public Policy Analysis Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller, 2017-09-25 The study of public policy and the methods of policy analysis are among the most rapidly developing areas in the social sciences. Policy analysis has emerged to provide a better understanding of the policymaking process and to supply decision makers with reliable policy-relevant knowledge about pressing economic and social problems. Presenting a broad, comprehensive perspective, the Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods covers the historical development of policy analysis, its role in the policy process, and empirical methods. The handbook considers the theory generated by these methods and the normative and ethical issues surrounding their practice. Written by leading experts in the field, this book- Deals with the basic origins and evolution of public policy Examines the stages of the policy-making process Identifies political advocacy and expertise in the policy process Focuses on rationality in policy decision-making and the role of policy networks and learning Details argumentation, rhetoric, and narratives Explores the comparative, cultural, and ethical aspects of public policy Explains primary quantitative-oriented analytical methods employed in policy research Addresses the qualitative sides of policy analysis Discusses tools used to refine policy choices Traces the development of policy analysis in selected national contexts The Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods describes the theoretical debates that have recently defined the field, including the work of postpositivist, interpretivist, and social constructionist scholars. This book also explores the interplay between empirical and normative analysis, a crucial issue running through contemporary debates. |
cornell policy analysis and management: The Cornellian , 2006 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Cornell Glenn C. Altschuler, Isaac Kramnick, 2014-08-12 In their history of Cornell since 1940, Glenn C. Altschuler and Isaac Kramnick examine the institution in the context of the emergence of the modern research university. The book examines Cornell during the Cold War, the civil rights movement, Vietnam, antiapartheid protests, the ups and downs of varsity athletics, the women's movement, the opening of relations with China, and the creation of Cornell NYC Tech. It relates profound, fascinating, and little-known incidents involving the faculty, administration, and student life, connecting them to the Cornell idea of freedom and responsibility. The authors had access to all existing papers of the presidents of Cornell, which deeply informs their respectful but unvarnished portrait of the university. Institutions, like individuals, develop narratives about themselves. Cornell constructed its sense of self, of how it was special and different, on the eve of World War II, when America defended democracy from fascist dictatorship. Cornell’s fifth president, Edmund Ezra Day, and Carl Becker, its preeminent historian, discerned what they called a Cornell soul, a Cornell character, a Cornell personality, a Cornell tradition—and they called it freedom. The Cornell idea was tested and contested in Cornell’s second seventy-five years. Cornellians used the ideals of freedom and responsibility as weapons for change—and justifications for retaining the status quo; to protect academic freedom—and to rein in radical professors; to end in loco parentis and parietal rules, to preempt panty raids, pornography, and pot parties, and to reintroduce regulations to protect and promote the physical and emotional well-being of students; to add nanofabrication, entrepreneurship, and genomics to the curriculum—and to require language courses, freshmen writing, and physical education. In the name of freedom (and responsibility), black students occupied Willard Straight Hall, the anti–Vietnam War SDS took over the Engineering Library, proponents of divestment from South Africa built campus shantytowns, and Latinos seized Day Hall. In the name of responsibility (and freedom), the university reclaimed them. The history of Cornell since World War II, Altschuler and Kramnick believe, is in large part a set of variations on the narrative of freedom and its partner, responsibility, the obligation to others and to one’s self to do what is right and useful, with a principled commitment to the Cornell community—and to the world outside the Eddy Street gate. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis , 1988 |
cornell policy analysis and management: You've Always Been There for Me Rachel E. Dunifon, 2018-08-17 Today, approximately 1.6 million American children live in what social scientists call “grandfamilies”—households in which children are being raised by their grandparents. In You’ve Always Been There for Me, Rachel Dunifon uses data gathered from grandfamilies in New York to analyze their unique strengths and distinct needs. Though grandfamilies can benefit from the accumulated wisdom of mature adults raising children for a second time, Dunifon notes, such families also face high rates of health problems as well as parenting challenges related to a large generation gap. Grandfamilies are also largely hidden in American society, flying under the radar of social service agencies, policymakers, and family researchers. This book gives family researchers a greater understanding of a unique family form, and also offers service providers, policymakers and the general public important information about the lives of an important group of American families. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Small Grants Program , 2003 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Public-Private Partnerships: Infrastructure, Transportation and Local Services Germà Bel, Trevor Brown, Rui Cunha Marques, 2016-04-14 Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are arrangements between government and private actors with the objective of providing public infrastructure, facilities and services. Three fundamental questions frame the use of PPPs at the local level: What do PPPs look like? What gives rise to the use of PPPs? And, what are the outcomes of PPPs? The articles in this book provide insightful answers to these questions. In addition, the contributions in the book identify lines of research that invite further investigation, namely: problems related to the degree of risk transfer; the challenges posed by renegotiation; and evaluation of PPPs’ results. The content of this book will be of interest for scholars, policy analysts, and policy makers. This book was published as a special issue of Local Government Studies. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Canadian Public Policy Michael Howlett, 2012-04-30 Studies of public policy in Canada are traditionally narrow, focusing on a particular policy area or jurisdiction without giving consideration to the significant procedural commonalities that can be identified across the public policy spectrum. Canadian Public Policy provides the first comprehensive, theoretically informed, empirical evaluation of the development of public policy in Canada. It represents the culmination of a fifteen-year program of large-scale primary research into Canadian policy-making by Michael Howlett, an internationally recognized public policy expert. Each of the chapters investigates one stage of the policy process – including agenda setting, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation – in the Canadian context. The volume is book-ended by an introductory section setting out the logic of the policy cycle model, and a conclusion summarizing the research program and results. Investigating how Canadian experiences can inform and contribute to existing policy models, this unique volume will be a fixture in the Canadian public policy literature for years to come. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Global Environmental Commons Eric Brousseau, 2012-07-26 This volume provides an overview of global environmental governance and the effectiveness of different governance mechanisms. Bringing together a broad range of perspectives, it addresses key challenges in contemporary global governance of environmental change. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Comparative Policy Analysis B. Guy Peters, Guillaume Fontaine, 2020-04-24 Public policy research has become increasingly comparative over the past several decades, but the methodological issues involved in this research have not been discussed adequately. This Handbook provides a discussion of the fundamental methodological issues in comparative policy research, as well as descriptions and analyses of major techniques used for that research. The techniques discussed are both quantitative and qualitative, and all are embedded in the broader discussion of comparative research design. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Serving Children and Families Through Community-University Partnerships Thomas R. Chibucos, Richard M. Lerner, 2012-12-06 A consistently identified criticism about contemporary higher education is that academia is not playing a visible role in contributing to the improvement of the lives of people in the community - as the lives are lived on a day-to-day basis. However, there has been a long tradition of such `Outreach Scholarship' in America, and this focus is gaining renewed attention, at least in part, because policy makers and philanthropic organizations are pressing universities and colleges to use their learning resources in ways that more directly benefit society. Universites have listened to, and continue to heed, such appeals. Serving Children and Families Through Community-University Partnerships: Success Stories illustrates such work by presenting several dozen exemplary `success stories' of community-university partnerships that serve to enhance the lives of children, youth, and families. These illustrations are drawn from collaborations across the breadth of the nation and reflect the work of many diverse colleges and universities. Moreover, these partnerships involve an array of target audiences, ranging across the individual life span from infancy through old age and involving a diverse set of groups and organizations. In addition, this work takes many forms, for example, technical assistance, evaluation, training, program design and delivery, demonstration or participatory, action research, and dissemination. The book is useful to two broad audiences: (1) Individuals, in and out of academia, in decision-making roles that directly impact what gets done or does not get done in colleges and universities; and (2) Persons outside academia who are concerned with creating positive change across a wide-range of issues pertinent to the lives of youth, families, and communities. This volume will guide universities and communities to work together to promote positive development in the diverse children, families, and communities of our nation. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Human Ecology Forum , 1999 |
cornell policy analysis and management: International Governance Oran R. Young, 1994 How can the global environment be safeguarded in the absence of a world government? In the vanguard of efforts to address this critical question, Oran R. Young draws on environmental issues to explore the nature of international governance. Young's analysis invokes the distinction between governance, a social function involving the management of interdependent individuals or groups, and government, a set of formal organizations that makes and enforces rules. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Impact , 1998 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Human Ecology , 2011 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Improving Policies and Programs for Farmer Organization and Participation in Irrigation Water Management Norman Thomas Uphoff, 1987 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Suffolk County Farm and Home Bureau News , 1998 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Research Centers Directory , 2010 Research institutes, foundations, centers, bureaus, laboratories, experiment stations, and other similar nonprofit facilities, organizations, and activities in the United States and Canada. Entry gives identifying and descriptive information of staff and work. Institutional, research centers, and subject indexes. 5th ed., 5491 entries; 6th ed., 6268 entries. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Agricultural Policies in Developing Countries Frank Ellis, 1992-01-30 This book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses related to agricultural policy, agricultural economics, or rural development in developing countries. |
cornell policy analysis and management: The Economic Institute Guide to Graduate Study in Economics and Agricultural Economics in the United States of America and Canada , 1995 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Cohabitation Nation Ms. Sharon Sassler, Amanda Miller, 2017-08-15 “We have fun and we enjoy each other’s company, so why shouldn’t we just move in together?”—Lauren, from Cohabitation Nation Living together is a typical romantic rite of passage in the United States today. In fact, census data shows a 37 percent increase in couples who choose to commit to and live with one another, forgoing marriage. And yet we know very little about this new “normal” in romantic life. When do people decide to move in together, why do they do so, and what happens to them over time? Drawing on in-depth interviews, Sharon Sassler and Amanda Jayne Miller provide an inside view of how cohabiting relationships play out before and after couples move in together, using couples’ stories to explore the he said/she said of romantic dynamics. Delving into hot-button issues, such as housework, birth control, finances, and expectations for the future, Sassler and Miller deliver surprising insights about the impact of class and education on how relationships unfold. Showcasing the words, thoughts, and conflicts of the couples themselves, Cohabitation Nation offers a riveting and sometimes counterintuitive look at the way we live now. |
cornell policy analysis and management: The Directory of Real Estate Development and Related Education Programs , 2002 |
cornell policy analysis and management: International Students and Academic Libraries Pamela A. Jackson, Patrick Sullivan, 2011 The case studies describe projects that support the success of international students studying at academic institutions, and provide examples of strategies for librarians to encourage library use among international students and increase international student success. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Sales Growth McKinsey & Company Inc., Thomas Baumgartner, Homayoun Hatami, Maria Valdivieso de Uster, 2016-04-08 The challenges facing today's sales executives and their organizations continue to grow, but so do the expectations that they will find ways to overcome them and drive consistent sales growth. There are no simple solutions to this situation, but in this thoroughly updated Second Edition of Sales Growth, experts from McKinsey & Company build on their practical blueprint for achieving this goal and explore what world-class sales executives are doing right now to find growth and capture it—as well as how they are creating the capabilities to keep growing in the future. Based on discussions with more than 200 of today's most successful global sales leaders from a wide array of organizations and industries, Sales Growth puts the experiences of these professionals in perspective and offers real-life examples of how they've overcome the challenges encountered in the quest for growth. The book, broken down into five overarching strategies for successful sales growth, shares valuable lessons on everything from how to beat the competition by looking forward, to turning deep insights into simple messages for the front line. Page by page, you'll learn how sales executives are digging deeper than ever to find untapped growth, maximizing emerging markets opportunities, and powering growth through digital sales. You'll also discover what it takes to find big growth in big data, develop the right sales DNA in your organization, and improve channel performance. Three new chapters look at why presales deserve more attention, how to get the most out of marketing, and how technology and outsourcing could entirely reshape the sales function. Twenty new standalone interviews have been added to those from the first edition, so there are now in-depth insights from sales leaders at Adidas, Alcoa, Allianz, American Express, BMW, Cargill, Caterpillar, Cisco, Coca-Cola Enterprises, Deutsche Bank, EMC, Essent, Google, Grainger, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Intesa Sanpaolo, Itaú Unibanco, Lattice Engines, Mars, Merck, Nissan, P&G, Pioneer Hi-Bred, Salesforce, Samsung, Schneider Electric, Siemens, SWIFT, UPS, VimpelCom, Vodafone, and Würth. Their stories, as well as numerous case studies, touch on some of the most essential elements of sales, from adapting channels to meet changing customer needs to optimizing sales operations and technology, developing sales talent and capabilities, and effectively leading the way to sales growth. Engaging and informative, this timely book details proven approaches to tangible top-line growth and an improved bottom line. Created specifically for sales executives, it will put you in a better position to drive sales growth in today's competitive market. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Black Issues in Higher Education , 2005-02 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Pivotal Deterrence Timothy W. Crawford, 2003 Crawford explains the political dynamics of pivotal deterrence and the conditions under which it is likely to succeed, while examining some of its most impressive feats and failures. German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's agile approach to the 1870s Eastern Crisis, which prevented war between Russia and Austria-Hungary, is contrasted with Britain's ambiguous and ill-fated maneuvers to deter Germany and France in July 1914. Shifting to the 1960s Cold War, Crawford explores the successes and setbacks in U.S. efforts to prevent NATO allies Greece and Turkey from fighting over Cyprus and to defuse the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan.--BOOK JACKET. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Research Centers Directory: Descriptive listings , 2002 |
cornell policy analysis and management: A Selected Annotated Bibliography on the Analysis of Water Resource Systems Water Resources Scientific Information Center, 1974 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Challenging Colonial Administrative Behavior in Bangladesh Hasanuzzaman Zaman, 2023-10-27 This book studies public policy and administration in Bangladesh. It studies how, despite recording high-levels of corruption persistently, some governments in least developed countries (LDCs) like Bangladesh have achieved impressive online transformation level, through digital, electronic or e-Government implementation. The book investigates the historical and political context, and examines the different policies and strategies adopted by successive governments of Bangladesh for facilitating digital service delivery transformation of traditional, paper-based, circuitous public service delivery processes. It reviews public administration reforms introduced over several decades, and other initiatives launched with the specific objective of improving service delivery management. The volume also contextualizes the new e-Government development initiatives in light of the various approaches such as traditional public administration, new public management, digital era governance, new public governance, and design thinking. Drawing on a host of published and unpublished materials, interviews with senior public officials, academics, representatives of international donor agencies, think tanks and non-governmental organizations, and a survey of more than 400 plus bureaucrats, the book analyzes the progress of digital government in Bangladesh from a soft, behavioral perspective. It will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of public policy and public administration, politics, innovation, and South Asian studies. It will be an essential reading for bureaucrats and government officials, as well as think tanks and NGOs. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Globalization and Governance Jon Pierre, 2013 To pun, Pierre brings globalization down to earth. After all the hype, he serves as an experienced and trustworthy guide to the key question of how far nation states are forced to follow global trends. His answers are nuanced, well-evidenced, and thought-provoking. This should find a place on many reading lists. Christopher Pollitt, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Jon Pierres Globalization and Governance takes on perhaps the most significant question in international political economy: to what extent have nations governance structures been determined and shaped by the recent great forces of globalization? In an ingenious analytical tour de force, he looks at how three very different democracies, Japan, Sweden, and the U.S., have dealt with the economy, intergovernmental relationships, and administrative reform when confronted by globalization trends. His conclusion is a masterful, elegant and convincing argument that boils down to somewhat, but not as much as you (or many other theorists) might think. This is an important, sophisticated and ground-breaking book about the interstices of international and domestic policymaking and political economy that challenges the conventional wisdom. Is there any better kind in the study of governance? Ellis Krauss, University of California, US Globalization and Governance makes a compelling case that domestic political economies can cope creatively, distinctly, and effectively with exogenous pressures for change. However compelling and homogenizing global forces may appear to be, the book shows that Sweden, Japan and the United States continue to demonstrate an overwhelming resilience by entrenched domestic patterns plus powerful learning and adaptive capabilities. This book is a welcome addition to the ongoing debates about globalization; it is full of insights for specialists in both comparative politics and international relations. T.J. Pempel, University of California, Berkeley, US Globalization raises important questions about the governing capacity of domestic institutions. In Globalization and Governance, Jon Pierre studies the impact of international norms and prescriptions on domestic governance in Japan, Sweden and the United States. The empirical analysis is focused on economic governance, administrative reform and intergovernmental relationships. Drawing on survey data, documents and interviews, the analysis finds that domestic institutions still intrinsically shape domestic governance. International norms towards deregulation and market-based administrative reform confront domestic institutions with prescriptions for reform but the three countries provide only very few examples of unmitigated domestic implementation. What Jon Pierre calls the microfoundations of globalizationthe assessment, adoption or rejection of international norms and ideas in vogueis a complex process where domestic institutions and path dependencies remain at the helm. The most important exception to this pattern is governance during financial crises where countries are dependent on conditioned support from transnational institutions. This insightful and informative book will appeal to researchers, academics, post-graduate, as well as undergraduate, students in governance, political economy and international relations. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Water Resources Research Catalog , 1974 |
cornell policy analysis and management: Peterson's Annual Guides to Graduate Study Peterson's Guides, Inc, 1983 |
cornell policy analysis and management: The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Juliet Kaarbo, Cameron G. Thies, 2024 The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis provides an inclusive and forward-looking assessment of this subfield. Edited and written by a team of word-class scholars, it sets the agenda for future research in FPA and in IR. |
cornell policy analysis and management: Global Political Economy John Ravenhill, 2011-01-13 Featuring carefully edited contributions from an impressive line-up of international scholars, Global Political Economy, Third Edition, is an authoritative introduction that combines coverage of history and theoretical approaches with contemporary issues and debates. The expert contributors offer a diverse range of perspectives and insights into the relevance of global political economy within international relations. Fully up-to-date, the third edition features substantially revised chapters that reflect the latest developments in global political economy, particularly the events and outcomes of the 2008 financial crisis. The text is enhanced by pedagogical features and a two-color design. A Companion Website offers resources for students (a flashcard glossary, a timeline, and links) and instructors (PowerPoint-based slides, case studies, and figures and tables from the book). |
cornell policy analysis and management: The Power of Inaction Cornelia Woll, 2014-04-03 Cornelia Woll details the varying relationships between financial institutions and national governments by comparing national bank rescue schemes in the United States and Europe. |
在康奈尔大学 (Cornell University) 就读是种怎样的体验? - 知乎
但这里就分享一个好玩的经历吧,这件事我觉得真心是Cornell这样的名校才能给我的,而且是我看完《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》后一直神往的地方,那就是我在读书期间获得了沙特阿拉伯政府全额奖学 …
大家怎么看位于纽约市的 Cornell Tech(康奈尔科技校区)项目?
因为我在Cornell本部也读过,应该比较有发言权,我就来解释下这个事。Cornell一直因为它较偏僻的地理位置被诟病,所以Cornell长期以来都有在纽约的分校,而且分校和本部之间联系紧密。 …
常春藤、25所新常春藤、公立常春藤都是哪些学校? - 知乎
康奈尔大学(Cornell University)#18; 新常春藤(25所) 范德堡大学(Vanderbilt University)#14; 圣路易斯华盛顿大学(Washington University in St. Louis)#16; 莱斯大学(Rice …
硕士毕业论文是深度学习相关,需要自己做数据集,但我做出来的 …
盲审的话有两个点可以毙掉你的论文: (1)自己做的数据集。一般算法创新需要在公开数据集上测试效果,如果需要特殊数据集,应该先在公开数据集上证明自己方法的有效性,然后再在自 …
如何评价英伟达发布的 Tesla V100 计算卡? - 知乎
原文:Cornell University -> Cornell Virtual Workshop -> Understanding GPU Architecture -> GPU Example: Tesla V100. It's fine to have a general understanding of what graphics processing …
致久坐腰疼的年轻人——七年总结的办公久坐护腰指南
Oct 24, 2023 · 根据2:1的规律,每天仍有至少有6小时以上的坐姿时间,更何况996的老哥门,每天至少有8小时需要坐在椅子上。
在康奈尔大学 (Cornell University) 就读是种怎样的体验? - 知乎
但这里就分享一个好玩的经历吧,这件事我觉得真心是Cornell这样的名校才能给我的,而且是我看完《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》后一直神往的地方,那就是我在读书期间获得了沙特阿拉伯政府全额奖 …
大家怎么看位于纽约市的 Cornell Tech(康奈尔科技校区)项目?
因为我在Cornell本部也读过,应该比较有发言权,我就来解释下这个事。Cornell一直因为它较偏僻的地理位置被诟病,所以Cornell长期以来都有在纽约的分校,而且分校和本部之间联系紧密。 …
常春藤、25所新常春藤、公立常春藤都是哪些学校? - 知乎
康奈尔大学(Cornell University)#18; 新常春藤(25所) 范德堡大学(Vanderbilt University)#14; 圣路易斯华盛顿大学(Washington University in St. Louis)#16; 莱斯大 …
硕士毕业论文是深度学习相关,需要自己做数据集,但我做出来的 …
盲审的话有两个点可以毙掉你的论文: (1)自己做的数据集。一般算法创新需要在公开数据集上测试效果,如果需要特殊数据集,应该先在公开数据集上证明自己方法的有效性,然后再在自 …
如何评价英伟达发布的 Tesla V100 计算卡? - 知乎
原文:Cornell University -> Cornell Virtual Workshop -> Understanding GPU Architecture -> GPU Example: Tesla V100. It's fine to have a general understanding of what graphics processing …
致久坐腰疼的年轻人——七年总结的办公久坐护腰指南
Oct 24, 2023 · 根据2:1的规律,每天仍有至少有6小时以上的坐姿时间,更何况996的老哥门,每天至少有8小时需要坐在椅子上。