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| croatian national resistance: The Formation of Croatian National Identity Alex J. Bellamy, 2003 This book assesses the formation of Croatian national identity in the 1990s. It develops a novel framework, calling into question both primordial and modernist approaches to nationalism and national identity, before applying that framework to Croatia. In doing so, the book provides a new way of thinking about how national identity is formed and why it is so important. An explanation is given of how Croatian national identity was formed in the abstract, via a historical narrative that traces centuries of yearning for a national state. The book shows how the government, opposition parties, dissident intellectuals and diaspora groups offered alternative accounts of this narrative in order to legitimise contemporary political programmes based on different versions of national identity. It then looks at how these debates were manifested in social activities as diverse as football, religion, economics and language. This book attempts to make an important contribution to both the way we study nationalism and national identity, and our understanding of post-Yugoslav politics and society.An electronic edition of this book is freely available under a Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. |
| croatian national resistance: Homeland Calling Paul Hockenos, 2018-07-05 Over the last ten years, many commentators have tried to explain the bloody conflicts that tore Yugoslavia apart. But in all these attempts to make sense of the wars and ethnic violence, one crucial factor has been overlooked—the fundamental roles played by exile groups and émigré communities in fanning the flames of nationalism and territorial ambition. Based in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia and South America, some groups helped provide the ideologies, the leadership, the money, and in many cases, the military hardware that fueled the violent conflicts. Atypical were the dissenting voices who drew upon their experiences in western democracies to stem the tide of war. In spite of the diasporas' power and influence, their story has never before been told, partly because it is so difficult, even dangerous to unravel. Paul Hockenos, a Berlin-based American journalist and political analyst, has traveled through several continents and interviewed scores of key figures, many of whom had never previously talked about their activities. In Homeland Calling, Hockenos investigates the borderless international networks that diaspora organizations rely on to export political agendas back to their native homelands—agendas that at times blatantly undermined the foreign policy objectives of their adopted countries.Hockenos tells an extraordinary story, with elements of farce as well as tragedy, a story of single-minded obsession and double-dealing, of high aspirations and low cunning. The figures he profiles include individuals as disparate as a Canadian pizza baker and an Albanian urologist who played instrumental roles in the conflicts, as well as other men and women who rose boldly to the occasion when their homelands called out for help. |
| croatian national resistance: Croatian Cultural Renaissance G. Doug Davis, 2024-05-15 Croatia is a beautiful country with a rich culture that has profoundly impacted the world. This work contains essays on the different areas of Croatia’ s national culture from its leading scholars and artists; their contributions provide a glimpse into Croatia’ s fascinating past and present. |
| croatian national resistance: Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War Mate Nikola Tokić, 2020-04-15 Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War examines one of the most active but least remembered groups of terrorists of the Cold War: radical anti-Yugoslav Croatian separatists. Operating in countries as widely dispersed as Sweden, Australia, Argentina, West Germany, and the United States, Croatian extremists were responsible for scores of bombings, numerous attempted and successful assassinations, two guerilla incursions into socialist Yugoslavia, and two airplane hijackings during the height of the Cold War. In Australia alone, Croatian separatists carried out no less than sixty-five significant acts of violence in one ten-year period. Diaspora Croats developed one of the most far-reaching terrorist networks of the Cold War and, in total, committed on average one act of terror every five weeks worldwide between 1962 and 1980. Tokić focuses on the social and political factors that radicalized certain segments of the Croatian diaspora population during the Cold War and the conditions that led them to embrace terrorism as an acceptable form of political expression. At its core, this book is concerned with the discourses and practices of radicalization—the ways in which both individuals and groups who engage in terrorism construct a particular image of the world to justify their actions. Drawing on exhaustive evidence from seventeen archives in ten countries on three continents—including diplomatic communiqués, political pamphlets and manifestos, manuals on bomb-making, transcripts of police interrogations of terror suspects, and personal letters among terrorists—Tokić tells the comprehensive story of one of the Cold War’s most compelling global political movements. |
| croatian national resistance: Croatia Ivo Goldstein, 1999 When in the fourth century the Roman empire split into the Western and Eastern empires, the boundary between the two stretched from the Montenegrin coast up the river Drina to the confluence of the Sava and the Danube and then further north. This boundary has remained virtually unchanged for 1,500 years: the European, Catholic West and the Orthodox East meet on Slav territory. There were, and still are, ethnic similarities between the peoples on either side of the divide, but their culture and history differ fundamentally. The Croats and Croatia, on the western side of the divide, are traditionally linked with Hungarian, Italian, and German regions and Western Europe, and are also influenced by their long Mediterranean coastline. Ivo Goldstein's Croatia provides a necessary, accessible history of development of what is now an independent state. Croatia includes major sections on the early medieval Croatian state (until 1101), the periods of union with Hungary (1102-1526) and with Austria (1526-1918), incorporation in Yugoslavia (1918-91) and the creation of a sovereign state. Charting social, economic, and cultural developments, Goldstein shows us that this complex historical pattern explains many of the political developments of today. |
| croatian national resistance: The Croatian National Movement 1966-1972 Ante Čuvalo, 1990 |
| croatian national resistance: War Criminals Welcome Mark Aarons, 2020-09-28 For more than seventy years, Australia has been a safe haven for war criminals. After World War II, hundreds of Nazi war criminals illegally entered this country. Governments, both Labor and Liberal, decided to turn a blind eye. Some known killers were even recruited by Australian intelligence in the Cold War battle against communism. Others became active in Australian party politics. Half a century later, nothing has changed. Australia continues to be a sanctuary for war criminals - including members of the Khmer Rouge, the Afghan and Chilean secret police, and Serbs and Croats who committed war crimes and crimes against humanity in the 1990s Balkans wars. Why is this still happening? Why did the federal government close the Special Investigations Unit set up to investigate war criminals? In War Criminals Welcome, Mark Aarons reveals a history that successive Australian governments would prefer forgotten, and puts the case for offical action. |
| croatian national resistance: Report of the Attorney General to the Congress of the United States on the Administration of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as Amended, for the Period from ... , 1960 |
| croatian national resistance: Fascists in Exile Jayne Persian, 2023-12-19 Fascists in Exile tells the extraordinary story of the war criminals, collaborators and fascist ultranationalists who were resettled in Australia by the International Refugee Organisation between 1947 and 1952. It explores the far-right backgrounds and continuing political activism of these displaced persons in Australia, adding to our knowledge of the development of Australian anti-communism in the 1950s. These individuals argued that they had been caught between National Socialism and Soviet communism. What might that have meant for their migration and resettlement trajectories? Beyond ‘Nazi-hunting,’ what can this tell us about the challenge they posed to international and national forms, both in Europe and in Australia? This book demonstrates that fascist ideation could not only survive the war’s end but that it continued to be transnational and transcultural. At the same time, anti-fascist protests and then the war crimes investigations of the late 1980s exposed problematic pasts, a legacy with which Australia is still reckoning. The text will appeal to those with an interest in the far right, Australian migration and refugee issues. |
| croatian national resistance: Histories of Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australia Evan Smith, Jayne Persian, Vashti Jane Fox, 2022-12-30 Histories of Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australia provides a history of fascist movements and anti-fascist resistance in Australia over the past century. In recent years, the far right has become a resurgent force across the globe, resulting in populist parties securing electoral victories, social movements organising on the streets, and acts of right-wing terrorism. Australia has not been immune to this. However, this is not merely a recent phenomenon; it has a long history of fascist and far-right groups and individuals. These groups have attempted to situate themselves within the wider settler colonial political landscape, often portraying themselves as the inheritors of a violent and exclusionary colonial past. Concurrently, these groups have linked into globalised anti-communist and white supremacist networks. At the same time, Australia has often seen resistance to fascism and the far right, from the political centre to the far left. Covering the period from the 1920s to the present day, and featuring insights from historians, sociologists, and political scientists, this book provides the most detailed account of this fascinating and important topic. This book will be of interest to students and activists with an interest in the extreme right and anti-fascism as well as Australian history, politics, and society. |
| croatian national resistance: Bosnia Remade Gerard Toal, Carl T. Dahlman, 2011-02-16 Bosnia Remade is an authoritative account of ethnic cleansing and its partial undoing from the onset of the 1990s Bosnian wars up through the present. Gerard Toal and Carl Dahlman combine a bird's-eye view of the entire war from onset to aftermath with a micro-level account of three towns that underwent ethnic cleansing and--later--the return of refugees.There have been two major attempts to remake the ethnic geography of Bosnia since 1991. In the first instance, ascendant ethno-nationalist forces tried to eradicate the mixed ethnic geographies of Bosnia's towns, villages and communities. These forces devastated tens of thousands of homes and lives, but they failed to destroy Bosnia-Herzegovina as a polity. In the second attempt, which followed the war, the international community, in league with Bosnian officials, endeavored to reverse the demographic and other consequences of this ethnic cleansing. While progress has been uneven, this latter effort has transformed the ethnic demography of Bosnia and moved the nation beyond its recent segregationist past.By showing how ethnic cleansing was challenged, Bosnia Remade offers more than just a comprehensive narrative of Europe's worst political crisis of the past two decades. It also offers lessons for addressing an enduring global problem. |
| croatian national resistance: Croatia Under Ante Pavelic Robert B. McCormick, 2014-09-23 Ante Pavelic was the leader of the fascist party of Croatia (the Ustaše), who, on Adolf Hitler's instruction, became the leader of Croatia after the Nazi invasion of 1941. Paveli? was an extreme Croatian nationalist who believed that the Serbian people were an inferior race - he would preside over a genocide that ultimately killed an estimated 390,000 Serbs during World War II. Croatia under Ante Paveli? provides the full history of this period, with a special focus on the United States' role in the post-war settlement. Drawing on previously unpublished documents, Robert McCormick argues that President Harry S. Truman's Cold War priorities meant that Paveli? was never made to answer for his crimes. Today, the Ustaše remains difficult legacy within Croatian society, partly as a result of Paveli?' political life in exile in South America. This is a new account of US foreign policy towards one of the Second World War's most brutal dictators and is an essential contribution to Croatian war-time history. |
| croatian national resistance: Italy and Its Eastern Border, 1866-2016 Marina Cattaruzza, 2016-10-04 This is the first scholarly work in Modern European History which elucidates consistently how border issues affect the history of nations and states in the 19th and 20th centuries. The book rethinks the Italian history of the last 150 years from the perspective of its eastern periphery and of the profound impact that events on the border had on the core of the country. |
| croatian national resistance: Right Radicalism in Party and Political Systems in Present-day European States Natalia Eremina, Sergei Seredenko, 2015-06-18 This book explores a broad range of concepts of, and approaches to, far-right parties and ultranationalist ideology, and studies the legal and political discourses within which they are often embedded. Offering detailed insights into the nature of the far-right and its viewpoints, the book provides a multidimensional study of the evolution of the far-right and its impact on the contemporary European political and party system, society and state. In addition, a clear definition of the substantial amount of criminal far-right parties in the Annex of the book dispels the illusion that far-right ultranationalist groups do not represent a danger for both society and state. This book has several unique aspects, particularly its use of catalogues that allow for the researching of far-right parties and ideology according to concrete definitions. |
| croatian national resistance: World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era James Ciment, 2015-03-10 First Published in 2015. This collection holds three volumes. Terrorism is a term that defies easy definition and its meaning has also changed over the course of history. Because this encyclopedia aims at comprehensiveness —across time, geography, and the conceptual landscape —it applies the broadest definition of terrorism: the use of violence or the threat of violence to effect political change through fear, in which the victims of the violence. The encyclopedia is divided into six parts. |
| croatian national resistance: European Fascist Movements Roland Clark, Tim Grady, 2023-05-31 This volume offers a fresh and original collection of primary sources on interwar European fascist movements. These sources reflect new approaches to fascism that emphasise the practical, transnational experience of fascism as a social movement, contextualising ideological statements within the historical moments they were produced. Divided into 18 geographically based chapters, contributors draw together the history of various fascist and right-wing movements, selecting sources that reflect themes such as transnational ties, aesthetics, violence, female activism, and the instrumentalisation of race, gender, and religion. Each chapter provides a chronological, narrative account of movements interspersed with complete primary sources, from political speeches, internal movement circulars and articles, police reports, oral history, songs and music, photographs, artworks, poetry, and anti-fascist sources. The volume as a whole seeks to introduce readers to the diversity of fascist groups across the continent, to show how fascist groups were constituted through social bonds, rather than around fixed ideologies, and to capture the inexperience and ad hoc character of early fascist groups. With an Introduction that explains the volume’s theoretical approach and elaborates on the chronology of European fascism, this is the perfect sourcebook for any student of Modern European history and politics. The book is accompanied by a free app, available for download for iOS and Android from: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/it/app-directory/fascistmovements/ You can use the app to identify places where fascist groups were active during the 1920s and 1930s, and to get a glimpse of what life was like during ‘the age of fascism’. The app includes interactive maps, descriptions of 76 points of interest, and images for each point of interest. |
| croatian national resistance: Roots of Counterterrorism Constant Willem Hijzen, 2024-10-22 The dominant narrative in intelligence studies portrays the evolution of intelligence from Cold War times to the present as one of increasing complexity. But Western intelligence and security services have countered terrorism before: terrorism became an important threat from the end of the 1960s onwards. Counterterrorism efforts before 9/11, however, differed from those employed post-9/11, not only in the way threats were perceived, but also in the repertoires of action that emerged to counter them. Using newly declassified primary sources, Roots of Counterterrorism puts into focus how the rise of terrorism in the 1970s challenged the existing perceived core functions of intelligence, specifically in the Netherlands. Constant Willem Hijzen analyses how the Dutch domestic security service Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst (BVD) scrutinized traces of terrorism from 1968, when Spanish anarchists bombed embassies in The Hague, until the South Moluccan attack of 1978, after which the threat of terrorism and political violence diminished. Unlike counterterrorism in the post-9/11 era, prevention was not the primary goal. Instead, the Dutch security service launched intelligence investigations into the suspected perpetrators of attacks, provided hands-on assistance during terrorist incidents, and advised the police and the Justice department. Roots of Counterterrorism sheds new light on Dutch intelligence history, but also on the dynamics of international intelligence cooperation, operational complexities, and more fundamental questions in intelligence and security studies about the essence and evolution of intelligence and intelligence organizations. |
| croatian national resistance: 1989 James Mark, Bogdan C. Iacob, Tobias Rupprecht, Ljubica Spaskovska, 2019-08-29 Placing Eastern Europe in a global context, this provides new perspectives on the political, economic, and cultural transformations of the late twentieth century. |
| croatian national resistance: The Balkans in Focus Barbara Törnquist-Plewa, 2003-01-01 Discussing the complex weave of cultural links and the different religious and linguistic groups that have been living side by side in the Balkans for centuries, this anthropological study is the result of a project initiated to create a network of scholars from Scandinavia and the Yugoslav successor states devoted to the study of post-Yugoslav cultural and political developments. Nine papers on problems of cultural boundaries are presented with the idea of countering the picture of the Balkans as a huge borderland where irresolvable age-old ethnic and religious rivalries will inevitably cause conflict as informed by stereotypes and oversimplifications. Topics include the historical crossing of religious borderlines, the legitimizing efforts of elites to create national identities, struggles to declare ownership over the origins of a particular musical instrument, and similar topics. |
| croatian national resistance: The Politics of Terrorism, Third Edition, Michael Stohl, 2020-08-18 This book provides the reader with an introduction to the concept and practice of terrorism embedded within a firm understanding of politics and social structure. It explores the major theories, typologies, strategies, ideologies, practices, and responses to contemporary political terrorism. |
| croatian national resistance: Anti-american Terrorism: From Eisenhower To Trump - A Chronicle Of The Threat And Response: Volume Ii: The Reagan And George H.w. Bush Administrations Dennis A Pluchinsky, 2020-06-18 Volume I examined the policies and actions in the Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations that contributed to the creation of anti-American grievances which in turn fueled the rise of anti-American terrorism overseas and domestically during the Nixon, Ford, and Carter administrations. Volume II chronicles the high-water mark of anti-American terrorism overseas that occurred during the Reagan administration. The litany of terrorist attacks on US targets overseas during this period is well known and unmatched in American history: 1983 suicide attack on US Embassy Beirut, 1983 suicide attack on US Marine Barracks Beirut, 1983 suicide attack on US Embassy Kuwait, 1984 suicide attack on US Embassy Beirut, 1985 assault on the TWA counter at Rome airport, 1985 hijacking of TWA 847, 1986 mid-air bombing of TWA 840, 1988 mid-air bombing of Pan Am 103, and the 1982-1988 kidnappings of 18 Americans in Lebanon. This wave of anti-American terrorist attacks demanded an appropriate response. The Reagan administration proceeded to construct the most ambitious and costly counter-terrorism program in the pre-9/11 era. Although the terrorist threat was perceived to be in decline during the George H W Bush administration, it still had to deal with the potential terrorist threat emanating from the first Gulf War in 1990-1991, two assassination attempts on the president, and the ramifications of the Pan Am 103 bombing. |
| croatian national resistance: Architectures of Violence Kate Ferguson, 2022-05-01 Paramilitary or irregular units have been involved in practically every case of identity-based mass violence in the modern world, but detailed analysis of these dynamics is rare. Exploring the case of former Yugoslavia, the genocides in Rwanda and Darfur, and the ongoing violence in Syria, Kate Ferguson exposes the relationships between paramilitaries, state commands, local communities, and organized crime. She presents these 'architectures of violence' as a way of comprehending how the various structures of command and control fit together into domestic and international webs of support enabling and encouraging irregular and paramilitary violence. Visible paramilitary participation in modern mass atrocities has succeeded in masking the continued dominance of the state in a number of violent crises. Irregular combatants have participated so significantly in committing atrocity crimes because political elites benefit from using unconventional forces to fulfil ambitions that violate international law--and international policy responses are hindered when responsibility for violence is ambiguous. Ferguson's inquiry into these overlooked dynamics of mass violence unveils substantial loopholes in current atrocity prevention architecture. Until these are addressed, state authorities will likely continue to use irregular combatants as perpetrators of atrocity. |
| croatian national resistance: Anti-american Terrorism: From Eisenhower To Trump - A Chronicle Of The Threat And Response: Volume I: The Eisenhower Through Carter Administrations Dennis A Pluchinsky, 2020-03-23 'Pluchinsky's first volume focusing on anti-American terrorism is a densely packed and comprehensive look at one of the most complex US national security challenges our nation faces. It reflects the evolving nature of terrorism that has changed with the politics, technology, and media during this tumultuous period in US history. The book is also a thorough accounting of how US policymakers attempt to find solutions to address this dynamic issue. A broad spectrum of terrorism experts, policymakers, and casual reads will undoubtedly find noteworthy facts about terrorist attacks that targeted US interest abroad and at home in this volume. Pluchinsky's level of detail and strong qualitative methodology makes this work an essential desk reference for any serious terrorism scholar.'Studies in Intelligence 'This is a truly magisterial work of scholarship. By pulling all this material together in one place, and by organizing it so accessibly, Pluchinsky has performed an invaluable service for researchers and counter-terrorism practitioners alike … the real selling point is the factual content. Pluchinsky has written the definitive contextual history of US counter-terrorism policy and these volumes, and I confidently expect the two companion volumes still to come, deserve a place in every serious library of terrorism.'Critical Studies on TerrorismOne of the major international security concerns that surfaced in the post-World War II period was the emergence and evolution of international terrorism. The dominant theme in the evolution of this threat has been anti-American terrorism. No other country in the world has had its overseas interests subjected to the level, lethality, diversity, and geographic scope of international terrorist activity than the United States. This four-volume work recounts the development of this threat through 12 US presidential administrations over a 70-year period. It assesses the terrorist threat in the US and overseas and how the government has responded with counter-terrorism policies, strategies, programs, organizations, legislation, international conventions, executive orders, special operations units, and actions. The evolution of the field of terrorism in academia, think tanks, institutes, and the private sector over these 12 administrations is also chronicled. |
| croatian national resistance: Violence in America Ted Robert Gurr, 1989-06 An excellent companion to Violence in America: The History of Crime, this volume provides fascinating insight into recently developed theories on the sources of recurring conflict in American society. With their main focus on traumatic issues that have generated group violence and continue to do so, the contributors discuss the most intractable source of social and political conflict in our history--the resistance of Black Americans to their inferior status, and the efforts of White Americans to keep them there. Other intriguing topics include the emergence and decline of political terrorism and the continuation of violent threats from right-wing extremists, such as the Klan, the Order, and the Aryan nations. The basic assumption underlying all interpretations is that group violence grows out of the dynamics of social change and political contention. The idea presented is that the origins, processes, and outcomes of group violence, like the causes and consequences of crime, must be understood and dealt with in their social contexts. This volume is essential reading for students and professionals in history, criminology, victimology, political science, and other related areas. SEE QUOTE W/ VOLUME ONE |
| croatian national resistance: Yugoslavia and Political Assassinations Christian Axboe Nielsen, 2020-11-12 Yugoslavia and Political Assassinations is the first book in English to analyse how and why the Yugoslav State Security Service carried out multiple targeted assassinations, over the country's forty-six years of existence, under the pretext of protecting the Yugoslav communist party-state. Offering a detailed history of the programme, from the inception of the State Security Service to the recent trials of individuals involved, it draws on Christian Axboe Nielsen's unique wealth of experience and research as an academic and as an expert witness in numerous criminal trials. The result is a ground-breaking contribution to the history of targeted assassinations, communist history, state security services and related criminal trials. |
| croatian national resistance: FBI Oversight Hearing United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism, 1982 |
| croatian national resistance: Nation-States and Nationalisms Sinisa Malesevic, 2013-10-14 This innovative and concise book provides an in-depth analysis of the processes involved in the emergence, formation, expansion and transformation of nation-states and nationalisms as they are understood today. |
| croatian national resistance: The Australian Security Intelligence Organization Frank Cain, 2012-11-12 This book traces the history of Australia's highly secret Intelligence Security Organisation. Established in the early days of the Cold War, like most intelligence organisations working under covert conditions, it exceeded the vague powers entrusted to it. It has been the subject of two Royal Commissions in Australia and in recent times several acts of Parliament have been passed in order to make it more accountable to Australia's government and its citizens. |
| croatian national resistance: Antiterrorist Initiatives John B. Wolf, 2012-12-06 Traditionally, terrorist bands operating in rural or urban areas use vio lence to cast themselves as a legitimate political force. Necklacing, plac ing an oil-soaked tire around the neck of an informer and then igniting it, and knee-capping, positioning a handgun behind the kneecap of a tout (a police informer) and then squeezing the trigger, are among the enforcement methods used by clandestine groups to administer revo lutionary justice. Necklacing is used by the African National Con gress (A.N.C.). Knee-capping is a traditional Irish Republican Army (I. R. A.) tactic. Governments frequently lend credibility to the terrorists' claim of legitimacy by not implementing measures intended to extirpate them. Frequently, democratic societies fear that rigid control measures pose a threat to civil liberties. Reluctant to move, a democracy is often ham strung by terrorists bent on manipulating its values. A media campaign, intended to mobilize public opinion against the terrorists and garner mass support for the government and its control measures, is the linchpin of any antiterrorist campaign. Centralized intelligence-gathering is another essential component. Terrorism, when it becomes a regular campaign of bombings and other atrocities, is no longer a problem for just the police and the army. The entire society is affected. For example, all groups comprising the multi ethnic popu- vii viii PREFACE tion of Sri Lanka and South Africa are presently exposed to the terror ist threat. |
| croatian national resistance: The Department of State Bulletin , 1982 The official monthly record of United States foreign policy. |
| croatian national resistance: Balkan Worlds: The First and Last Europe Traian Stoianovich, 2015-05-20 Encompassing the period from the Neolithic era to the troubled present, this book studies the peoples, societies and cultures of the area situated between the Adriatic Sea in the west and the Black Sea in the east, between the Alpine region and Danube basin in the north and the Aegean Sea in the south. This is not a conventional history of the Balkans. Drawing upon archaeology, anthropology, economics, psychology and linguistics as well as history, the author has attempted a total history that integrates as many as possible of the avenues and categories of the Balkan experience. |
| croatian national resistance: FBI Oversight and Authorization United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism, 1983 |
| croatian national resistance: Political, Social and Religious Studies of the Balkans Raphael Israeli and Ana Dimitrovska, 2021-05-24 This volume explores the roots and centennial development of radical Islam in the Balkans since the rise of early Muslim fundamentalists in the Muslim world in the early 20th century. It also follows current militant Muslim movements, which have grown in the world and were the direct trigger of the Bosnia war (1992-5). The book also clarifies the parallels between the predominant events in the world of Islam during the past century, specific developments in Balkan Islam in general, and of Bosnia in particular. |
| croatian national resistance: Domestic Security (LEVI) Guidelines United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism, 1983 |
| croatian national resistance: Terrorism in Europe (RLE: Terrorism & Insurgency) Yonah Alexander, Kenneth Myers, 2015-04-17 This study places terrorist acts in Europe in their historical perspective by examining terrorist and anarchist movements in late nineteenth century Europe. The political and legal aspects of modern terrorism are discussed in detail and the themes and variation in political terrorism are examined fully. In addition, selected case studies of contemporary terrorist movements are considered in the context of the political tradition of the particular country. A comprehensive picture of European terrorism, in its historical and more contemporary ideological and political aspects emerges from this work. |
| croatian national resistance: Political, Social and Religious Studies of the Balkans General Editor: Raphael Israeli, Jerusalem, Israel, 2021 Since the end of the Bosnia War in 1995, a tradition was embraced by the West of vilifying the Serbs as the villains, and the Muslims as their victims. This necessitated the military intervention of the U.S. and NATO on the Muslim side, which caused an untold travesty of justice to the Serbs. For indeed, there was enough blame to go around to condemn all parties in that war, including Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, of committing massacres and huge abuses of the other parties. To single out the Serbs as the bad guys simply distorts the facts. This collective volume, which is the product of a Commission of Inquiry, worked 18 months on this project, redressing the balance based on a meticulous and well-documented report about the process of this inquiry, step by step. |
| croatian national resistance: Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Stephen Sloan, Sean K. Anderson, 2009-08-03 This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Terrorism significantly expands on the second edition through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on major terrorist groups, significant terrorist events, different forms of terrorism, cyber-terrorism, and counterterrorism. This book will have wide appeal for government officials, students and researchers, and journalists. |
| croatian national resistance: Control of Violence Wilhelm Heitmeyer, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Stefan Malthaner, Andrea Kirschner, 2010-11-04 The Control of Violence in Modern Society, starts from the hypothesis that in modern society we will face an increasing loss of control over certain phenomena of violence. This leads to unpredictable escalations and violence can no longer be contained adequately by the relevant control regimes, such as police, state surveillance institutions, national repression apparatuses and international law. However, before investigating this hypothesis from an internationally and historically comparative perspective, the terms and tools for this undertaking have to be rendered more precisely. Since both control and violence are all but clear-cut terms but rather highly debatable and contested concepts that may take multiple connotations. The main question is whether an increase in certain forms of violence can be explained by the failure or, in turn, overeffectiveness of certain control mechanisms. It is asked, for instance, which contribution religion can make to limit violence and, in turn, which destructive potential religion might have in its fundamentalist form. Moreover, the concept of individual self-control as well as social institutions and strategies of collective disengagement and de-radicalization are investigated with regard to their potential for controlling violence. The Control of Violence in Modern Society concludes with a re-examination of the hypothesis of a loss of control by specifying in what cases and under which circumstances we can speak of a loss of control over violence. |
| croatian national resistance: Ideas and Movements That Shaped America Michael Green, Scott L. Stabler, 2015-07-28 America was founded on bold ideas and beliefs. This book examines the ideas and movements that shaped our nation, presenting thorough, accessible entries with sources that improve readers' understanding of the American experience. Presenting accessibly written information for general audiences as well as students and researchers, this three-volume work examines the evolution of American society and thought from the nation's beginnings to the 21st century. It covers the seminal ideas and social movements that define who we are as Americans—from the ideas that underpin the Bill of Rights to slavery, the Civil Rights movement, and the idea of gay rights—even if U.S. citizens often strongly disagree on these topics. Organized topically rather than chronologically, this encyclopedia combines primary sources and secondary works or historical analyses with text describing the ideas and movements in question. In addition, each entry includes a list of suggestions for further reading that directs readers to supplementary sources of information. The set's unique perspective serves to depict how American society has evolved from the nation's beginnings to the present, revealing how Americans as a people have acted and responded to key ideas and movements. |
| croatian national resistance: Terrorism Research and Public Policy Clark McCauley, 2012-11-12 First Published in 1991. This book includes several contributions to the new look in terrorism research, including a history of terrorism that reaches back two thousand years, an examination of the life-cycle of terrorist groups that have come and gone since World War II, and a new theory of the stages by which political protest becomes political violence and terrorism. |
Croatia - Wikipedia
Croatian is a member of the South Slavic languages and is written using the Latin alphabet. There are three major dialects spoken on the territory of Croatia, with standard Croatian based on …
Croatia | Facts, Geography, Maps, & History | Britannica
3 days ago · Croatia is composed of three major geographic regions. In the north and northeast, running the full length of the upper arm of the Croatian crescent, are the Pannonian and para …
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Oct 16, 2024 · Looking to understand the complex world of Croatian culture? Let us guide you through the checkerboards and celebrations with our easy-to-use rundown.
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Feb 25, 2021 · The map shows mainland Croatian territory along with its numerous islands on the Adriatic Sea.
Basic Croatian words and phrases to get through life in Croatia
Learning how to ask someone the time, how they are doing, or how to order a coffee will lead to fewer obstacles on your Croatian journey. We’ve put together a list of the most important …
18 things to know before going to Croatia - Lonely Planet
Mar 17, 2024 · Get to know the Croatian character Croatians can be quite reserved people, sometimes appearing brusque. It’s nothing personal, which you'll realize when you get to know …
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Nov 4, 2023 · The Croatian people, with their rich history and vibrant culture, are the true essence that makes this country extraordinarily captivating. If you’re visiting us from the US, …
Croatia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Croatia (/ k r oʊ ˈ eɪ ʃ ə / kroh-AY-shə) is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Central and Southeastern Europe.Croatia has been influenced by powers from both regions at varying …
Croatia: Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette - Commisceo …
The Croatian language is a South Slavic language which is used primarily by the inhabitants of Croatia as well as Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatian is based on the Ijekavian …
Croatia | Culture, Facts & Travel - CountryReports
4 days ago · The Croatian language has thirty letters, each with a distinct sound. Medical Facilities and Health Information Health-care facilities in Croatia, although generally of …
Croatia - Wikipedia
Croatian is a member of the South Slavic languages and is written using the Latin alphabet. There are three major dialects spoken on the territory of Croatia, with standard Croatian based on the …
Croatia | Facts, Geography, Maps, & History | Britannica
3 days ago · Croatia is composed of three major geographic regions. In the north and northeast, running the full length of the upper arm of the Croatian crescent, are the Pannonian and para …
11 Things You Should Know About Croatian Culture
Oct 16, 2024 · Looking to understand the complex world of Croatian culture? Let us guide you through the checkerboards and celebrations with our easy-to-use rundown.
Croatia Maps & Facts - World Atlas
Feb 25, 2021 · The map shows mainland Croatian territory along with its numerous islands on the Adriatic Sea.
Basic Croatian words and phrases to get through life in Croatia
Learning how to ask someone the time, how they are doing, or how to order a coffee will lead to fewer obstacles on your Croatian journey. We’ve put together a list of the most important …
18 things to know before going to Croatia - Lonely Planet
Mar 17, 2024 · Get to know the Croatian character Croatians can be quite reserved people, sometimes appearing brusque. It’s nothing personal, which you'll realize when you get to know …
Croatian People: What are Croats Like? - Vibe in Croatia
Nov 4, 2023 · The Croatian people, with their rich history and vibrant culture, are the true essence that makes this country extraordinarily captivating. If you’re visiting us from the US, …
Croatia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Croatia (/ k r oʊ ˈ eɪ ʃ ə / kroh-AY-shə) is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Central and Southeastern Europe.Croatia has been influenced by powers from both regions at varying …
Croatia: Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette - Commisceo …
The Croatian language is a South Slavic language which is used primarily by the inhabitants of Croatia as well as Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatian is based on the Ijekavian …
Croatia | Culture, Facts & Travel - CountryReports
4 days ago · The Croatian language has thirty letters, each with a distinct sound. Medical Facilities and Health Information Health-care facilities in Croatia, although generally of Western …
