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| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Spatial Citizenship Education Euikyung E. Shin, Sarah Witham Bednarz, 2018-09-21 Spatial Citizenship Education is an innovative exploration of ways to engage and promote citizenship through a deeper understanding of spatial and geographic perspectives. The authors propose that recognizing the relationship between space and citizenry enables productive and positive engagement with important societal issues such as equity, justice, and environmental stewardship. By providing a historical overview of geography’s contribution to citizenship education, including progress made and challenges faced by educational reform movements, this collection shows how geography can contribute to a new type of citizen—one with an enhanced understanding of the world as seen through the key concepts of geography: space, place, scale, power, and human-environment relationships. Through a theoretical explanation of key citizenship ideas, and by providing practical, classroom-based teaching tools, this volume will be essential for geography education researchers and social studies educators alike. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment Dominic Wyse, Louise Hayward, Jessica Pandya, 2015-12-03 The research and debates surrounding curriculum, pedagogy and assessment are ever-growing and are of constant importance around the globe. With two volumes - containing chapters from highly respected researchers, whose work has been critical to understanding and building expertise in the field – The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment focuses on examining how curriculum is treated and developed, and its impact on pedagogy and assessment worldwide. The Handbook is organised into five thematic sections, considering: · The epistemology and methodology of curriculum · Curriculum and pedagogy · Curriculum subjects · Areas of the curriculum · Assessment and the curriculum · The curriculum and educational policy The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment’s breadth and rigour will make it essential reading for researchers and postgraduate students around the world. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: New Patterns Michael Carr, 1997 This text introduces modern geographical theory in an accessible format and reflects the changing nature of the subject. The in-depth analysis of topics, consolidated by extensive reference to case study material makes this textbook an essential. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Learning to Teach Geography in the Secondary School Mary Biddulph, David Lambert, David Balderstone, 2015-05-20 Learning to Teach Geography in the Secondary School has become the widely recommended textbook for student and new teachers of geography. It helps you acquire a deeper understanding of the role, purpose and potential of geography within the secondary curriculum, and provides the practical skills needed to design, teach and evaluate stimulating and challenging lessons. It is grounded in the notion of social justice and the idea that all students are entitled to a high quality geography education. The very practical dimension provides you with support structures through which you can begin to develop your own philosophy of teaching, and debate key questions about the nature and purpose of the subject in school. Fully revised and updated in light of extensive changes to the curriculum, as well as to initial teacher education, the new edition considers the current debates around what we mean by geographical knowledge, and what’s involved in studying at Masters level. Key chapters explore the fundamentals of teaching and learning geography: Why we teach and what to teach Understanding and planning the curriculum Effective pedagogy Assessment Developing and using resources Fieldwork and outdoor learning Values in school geography Professional development Intended as a core textbook and written with university and school-based initial teacher education in mind, Learning to Teach Geography in the Secondary school is essential reading for all those who aspire to become effective, reflective teachers. Praise for previous editions of Learning to Teach Geography in the Secondary School... 'This is a practical and visionary book, as well as being superbly optimistic. It has as much to offer the experienced teacher as the novice and could be used to reinvigorate geography departments everywhere. Practical activities and ideas are set within a carefully worked out, authoritative, conceptual framework.' - The Times Educational Supplement 'This is a modern, powerful, relevant and comprehensive work...a standard reference for many beginning teachers on geography initial teacher training courses.' - Educational Review |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: WORLD'S ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY Dr. Haridas B. Jogdankar, |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: The Americans , 2005 |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Cracking the TASC (Test Assessing Secondary Completion) The Princeton Review, 2016-04-26 All the strategies, review, and practice you need to earn your high school equivalency certificate! Includes 2 full-length practice exams and bonus online drills and tutorials. This eBook edition has been specially formatted for on-screen viewing with cross-linked questions, answers, and explanations. The TASC (Test Assessing Secondary Completion) is a new high school equivalency exam that some states are using as an alternative to the traditional GED test. Currently offered in CA, IL, IN, NC, NJ, NY, NV, SC, WV, and WY, the TASC is made up of 5 separate tests covering Mathematics, Reading, Writing, Science, and Social Studies. The Princeton Review's new Cracking the TASC (Test Assessing Secondary Completion) is a comprehensive guide to helping you conquer this new test. Created to include the very latest exam updates, this step-by-step guide includes: Everything You Need to Know to Help Achieve a High TASC Score. • Complete coverage of Reading, Writing, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Science • Easy-to-follow lessons with step-by-step guidance • Customizable study “road maps” to help you create a clear plan of attack Practice That Takes You to Excellence. • 2 full-length practice tests (1 in the book, 1 online) with detailed answer explanations • Practice drills for all five test subjects Bonus Online Features for an Extra Edge. • Additional practice drills for the most challenging topics • Tutorials for the technology-enhanced and constructed-response questions • Sample responses to the essay prompts in the book • “Further skills and concepts” lessons covering less-frequently-tested topics Techniques That Actually Work. • Essential strategies to help you work smarter, not harder • Expert advice to tackle the essay • Key skills designed to maximize your performance |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Groundwater Resources Development and Planning in the Semi-Arid Region Chaitanya B. Pande, Kanak N. Moharir, 2021-05-27 This book addresses the various challenges in achieving sustainable groundwater development, management, and planning in semi-arid regions, with a focus on India, and discusses advanced remote sensing and GIS techniques for the estimation and management of groundwater resources. The book is timely as there is a need for a better understanding of the various tools and methods required to efficiently and sustainably meet the growing demand for clean surface and groundwater in developing countries, and how these tools can be combined with other strategies in a multi-disciplinary fashion to achieve this goal in water-scarce regions. To wit, the book combines remote sensing and GIS techniques, runoff modeling, aquifer mapping, land use and land cover analyses, evapotranspiration estimation, crop coefficients, and water policy approaches. This will be of use to academics, policymakers, social scientists, and professionals involved in the various aspects of sustainable groundwater development, planning, and management. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: McDougal Littell the Americans Gerald A. Danzer, 1999-07-23 |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: An Introduction to the Geography of Health Helen Hazen, Peter Anthamatten, 2012-05-23 Health issues such as the emergence of infectious diseases, the potential influence of global warming on human health, and the escalating strain of increasing longevity and chronic conditions on healthcare systems are of growing importance in an increasingly peopled and interconnected world. A geographic approach to the study of health offers a critical perspective to these issues, considering how changing relationships between people and their environments influence human health. An Introduction to the Geography of Health provides an accessible introduction to this rapidly growing field, covering theoretical and methodological background. The text is divided into three sections which consider distinct approaches and techniques related to health geographies. Section one introduces ecological approaches, with a focus on how natural and built environments affect human health. For instance, how have irrigation projects influenced the spread of water-borne diseases? How can modern healthcare settings, such as hospitals, affect the spread and evolution of pathogens? Section two discusses social aspects of health and healthcare, considering health as not merely a biological interaction between a pathogen and human host, but as a process that is situated among social factors which ultimately drive who suffers from what, and where disease occurs. Section three then considers spatial techniques and approaches to exploring health, giving special focus to the growing role of cartography and geographic information systems (GIS) in the study of health. This clearly written text contains a range of pedagogical features including a wealth of global case studies, discussion questions and suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, a colour plate section and over eighty diagrams and figures. The accompanying website also provides presentations, exercises, further resources, and tables and figures. This book is an essential introductory text for undergraduate students studying Geography, Health and Social Studies. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: World Studies: Eastern Hemisphere Heidi Hayes Jacobs, Michal L. LeVasseur, 2004-08 Foundations of geography: World of geography; Earth's physical geography; Earth's human geography; Cultures of the world; Interacting with our environment -- Europe and Russia: Europe and Russia, physical geography; Europe and Russia, shaped by history; Cultures of Europe and Russia; Western Europe; Eastern Europe and Russia -- Africa: Africa, physical geography; Africa, shaped by tis history; Cultures of Africa; North Africa; West Africa: Exploring East Africa; Central and Southern Africa -- Asia and the Pacific: East Asia, physical geography; South, Southwest, and Central Asia, physical geography; Southeast Asia and the Pacific region, physical geography; East Asia, cultures and history; South and Southeast Asia, cultures and history; Southeast Asia and the Pacific region, cultures and history -- East Asia; South, Southwest, and Central Asia; Southeast Asia and the Pacific region -- Glossary. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Cities and Nature Lisa Benton-Short, John Rennie Short, Professor John Rennie Short, Professor, 2013-07-04 Cities and Nature illustrates how the city is part of the environment, and how it is subject to environmental constraints and opportunities. The city has been treated in geographical writings as only a social phenomena, and at the same time, environmental scientists have tended to ignore the urban. This book reconnects the science and social science through the examination of the urban. It critiques the dominant academic discourse which ignores the environmental base of urban life and living, and discusses the urban natural environment and how this is subjected to social influences. The book is organized around three central themes: urban environment in historical context issues in urban-nature relations realigning urban-nature relations. Ideas such as pollution as a physical environmental fact, often created or impacted by economic, cultural and political changes are discussed, as well as viewing pollution as a social act: consuming patterns of everyday activities - driving, showering, shopping, eating - and how this has an environmental impact. The authors reintroduce a social science perspective in examining urban nature, the city and its physical environment. Cities and Nature clearly illustrates the physical and social elements of the urban environment and shows how these are important to examining the city. It includes further reading and boxed case studies on Bangladesh, Paris, Delhi, Rome, Cubatao, Thailand, Los Angeles, Chicago, New Orleans and Toronto. This book would be an asset to students and researchers in environmental studies, urban studies and planning. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: The SAGE Handbook of GIS and Society Timothy Nyerges, Helen Couclelis, Robert McMaster, 2011-04-13 The definitive guide to a technology that succeeds or fails depending upon our ability to accommodate societal context and structures. This handbook is lucid, integrative, comprehensive and, above all, prescient in its interpretation of GIS implementation as a societal process. - Paul Longley, University College London This is truly a handbook - a book you will want to keep on hand for frequent reference and to which GIS professors should direct students entering our field... Selection of a few of the chapters for individual attention is difficult because each one contributes meaningfully to the overall message of this volume. An important collection of articles that will set the tone for the next two decades of discourse and research about GIS and society. - Journal of Geographical Analysis Over the past twenty years research on the evolving relationship between GIS and Society has been expanding into a wide variety of topical areas, becoming in the process an increasingly challenging and multifaceted endeavour. The SAGE Handbook of GIS and Society is a retrospective and prospective overview of GIS and Society research that provides an expansive and critical assessment of work in that field. Emphasizing the theoretical, methodological and substantive diversity within GIS and Society research, the book highlights the distinctiveness and intellectual coherence of the subject as a field of study, while also examining its resonances with and between key themes, and among disciplines ranging from geography and computer science to sociology, anthropology, and the health and environmental sciences. Comprising 27 chapters, often with an international focus, the book is organized into six sections: Foundations of Geographic Information and Society Geographical Information and Modern Life Alternative Representations of Geographic Information and Society Organizations and Institutions Participation and Community Issues Value, Fairness, and Privacy Aimed at academics, researchers, postgraduates, and GIS practitioners, this Handbook will be the basic reference for any inquiry applying GIS to societal issues. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Issues in Geography Teaching Chris Fisher, Tony Binns, 2016-01-28 Issues in Geography Teaching examines a wide range of issues which are of interest to those teaching geography from the early years through to higher education, including: the role of research and the use of ICT in teacher training; the significance of developing critical thinking skills; broader educational issues such as citizenship and development; the importance of environmental education; the position and role of assessment; the present state and status of geographical education and issues that are likely to be of concern in the future. Issues in Geography Teaching details the contexts, presents the facts and raises thought-provoking questions which should stimulate further interest and discussion. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Bridging Scales and Knowledge Systems Walter World Resources Institute, Walter Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2013-04-09 Bridging the gap between local knowledge and western science is essential to understanding the world's ecosystems and the ways in which humans interact with and shape those ecosystems. This book brings together a group of world-class scientists in an unprecedented effort to build a formal framework for linking local and indigenous knowledge with the global scientific enterprise. Contributors explore the challenges, costs, and benefits of bridging scales and knowledge systems in assessment processes and in resource management. Case studies look at a variety of efforts to bridge scales, providing important lessons concerning what has worked, what has not, and the costs and benefits associated with those efforts. Drawing on the groundbreaking work of the Millennium Eco-system Assessment, Bridging Scales and Knowledge Systems will be indispensable for future efforts to conduct ecosystem assessments around the world. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: World History: Connections to Today Elisabeth Gaynor Ellis, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2003-12 |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Todd & Curti's the American Nation Paul S. Boyer, 1995 [This book explores] seven broad themes central to American history: global relations, [the] Constitutional heritage, democratic values, technology and society, cultural diversity, geographic diversity, and economic development. They provide a context for the historical events [which] will help [the student] understand the connections between historical events and see how past events are relevant to today's social, political, and economic concerns. -Themes in American history. Throughout [the book, the student is] asked to think critically about the events and issues that have shaped U.S. history ... Helping [the student] develop critical thinking skills is a [key] goal of [the text]. -Critical thinking and the study of history. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Qualitative Change in Human Geography S. S. Duncan, 2013-10-22 Qualitative Change in Human Geography is a collection of studies that tackles concerns about human geography. The papers presented in the book deal with qualitative issues regarding human geography. The text contains eight different discussions that cover topics such as the direction of social practice research and the concept of people, society, and nature in social science. The book covers how economic and political interaction can explain the creation of spatial structure. The text discusses the explanatory theories and ideologies regarding the obsession of policymakers with the inner-city. The book will be of great interest to sociologists, psychologists, and individuals concerned with human geography. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Low Carbon Development Frauke Urban, Johan Nordensvard, 2013-07-18 Low Carbon Development: Key Issues is the first comprehensive textbook to address the interface between international development and climate change in a carbon constrained world. It discusses the key conceptual, empirical and policy-related issues of low carbon development and takes an international and interdisciplinary approach to the subject by drawing on insights from across the natural sciences and social sciences whilst embedding the discussion in a global context. The first part explores the concept of low carbon development and explains the need for low carbon development in a carbon constrained world. The book then discusses the key issues of socio-economic, political and technological nature for low carbon development, exploring topics such as the political economy, social justice, financing and carbon markets, and technologies and innovation for low carbon development. This is followed by key issues for low carbon development in policy and practice, which is presented based on cross-cutting issues such as low carbon energy, forestry, agriculture and transportation. Afterwards, practical case studies are discussed from low carbon development in low income countries in Africa, middle income countries in Asia and Latin America and high income countries in Europe and North America. Written by an international team of leading academics and practitioners in the field of low carbon development, this book is essential reading for students, academics, professionals and policy-makers interested in the fields of low carbon development, climate change mitigation, climate policy, climate change and development, global environmental change, and environment and development. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Global Energy Assessment Thomas B. Johansson, Anand Prabhakar Patwardhan, Nebojša Nakićenović, Luis Gomez-Echeverri, 2012-08-27 Independent, scientifically based, integrated, policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues for specialists and policymakers in academia, industry, government. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Human Rights and Ocean Governance Mara Ntona, 2023-12-12 This book argues for the utility of human rights in the practice of ocean governance. Maritime spatial planning (MSP) has become the dominant marine management paradigm, with MSP frameworks already at various stages of elaboration and implementation in more than half of all coastal states. However, as experience with MSP accrues, a central systemic shortcoming has become apparent, insofar as the normative frameworks that underpin MSP tend to be grounded in a rationalistic and economistic worldview. The result is a post-political, neoliberal approach to the implementation of MSP, which favours technocratic ‘fixes’ to complex societal problems over efforts to address underlying issues of power and inequality. Building upon the new field of critical MSP studies, this book offers a much-neglected legal contribution. More specifically, it analyses the extent to which law, and particularly human rights law, can be utilised to meaningfully challenge the unjust patterns of human-ocean interaction that MSP preserves or creates, and so provide a vehicle for the formulation and realisation of transformative blue futures. The book looks to human rights as norms that are uniquely capable of bringing into relief the values, cause-and-effect relationships, and uncertainties that prevailing capitalist-industrial framings of the ocean tend to downplay or, worse, disregard. And so, from a more pragmatic viewpoint, the book argues that the policy and advocacy tools associated with human rights can be used within MSP processes to foster patterns of human-ocean interaction which are more conducive to social and environmental justice. This book will be of interest to legal and planning scholars, geographers, and others concerned with ocean governance and the ‘blue turn’ in the social sciences and humanities more generally. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Teaching History in the Digital Classroom D. Antonio Cantu, While many methods texts have an add-on chapter on technology, this book integrates the use of technology into every phase of the teaching profession. Filled with decision-making scenarios and reflective questions that help bring the material to life, it covers the development of teaching technologies, developing lesson plans, and actual instructional models in history and social studies. An appendix provides sample lessons, sample tests, a list of resources, and other practical materials. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: NAEP Reading, 1994 Paul L. Williams, 1995-10 Assesses and reports the educational progress of students at grades 4, 8 and 12. National results are provided that describe students' reading achievement at each grade and within various subgroups (race/ethnicity, gender, parents' education level, public and nonpublic schools, and cross-state proficiency findings) of the general population. In addition, results are reported for individual states that choose to participate. This assessment includes a state-by-state component at Grade 4, as well as the national component at all 3 grades. Charts and tables. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Jean-Francois Hamel, 2018-09-07 World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, Second Edition, Volume Three: Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts covers global issues relating to our seas, including a biological description of the coast and continental shelf waters, the development and use of the coast, landfills and their effects, pollutant discharges over time, the effects of over-fishing, and the management methods and techniques used to ensure continued ecosystem functioning. The relative importance of water-borne and airborne routes differ in different parts of the world is explored, along with extensive coverage of major habitats and species groups, governmental, education and legal issues, fisheries effects, remote sensing, climate change and management. This book is an invaluable, worldwide reference source for students and researchers concerned with marine environmental science, fisheries, oceanography and engineering and coastal zone development. - Provides scientific reviews of regional issues, empowering managers and policymakers to make progress in under-resourced countries and regions - Covers environmental issues arising from the human use of both the sea and its watershed - Presents informed commentary on major trends, problems and successes, and recommendations for the future |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools Wynne Harlen OBE, 2018-04-13 Now in a fully updated seventh edition, The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools provides essential information for students, trainee, and practising teachers about the why, what and how of teaching primary science. Paying particular attention to inquiry-based teaching and learning, the book recognises the challenges of teaching science, and provides suggestions and examples aimed to increase teachers’ confidence and pupils‘ enjoyment of the subject. This new edition explores: Changes in curriculum and assessment requirements in the UK Advances in knowledge of how children learn Expansion in the use of ICT by teachers and children And expands on key aspects of teaching including: The compelling reasons for starting science in the primary school Strategies for helping children to develop understanding, skills and enjoyment Attention to school and teacher self-evaluation as a means of improving provision for children’s learning. Giving the latest information about the rationale for and use of inquiry-based, constructivist methodology, and the use of assessment to help learning, the book combines practice and theory, explaining and advocating for particular classroom interactions and activities. This book is essential reading for all primary school teachers and those engaged in studying primary education. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: The SAGE Handbook of Evaluation Ian Shaw, Jennifer C Greene, Melvin M Mark, 2006-07-10 ′This handbook thoroughly covers all aspects of evaluation, yet isn′t too technical to understand. It offers everything an organization needs to know to get the most out of evaluation′ - Nonprofit World `The Handbook succeeds in capturing and presenting evaluation′s extensive knowledge base within a global context. In so doing it provides a useful, coherent and definitive benchmark on the field′s diverse and dynamic purposes, practices, theories, approaches, issues, and challenges for the 21st century. The Handbook is an essential reference and map for any serious evaluation practitioner, scholar and student anywhere in the world′ - Michael Quinn Patton, author of Utilization-Focused Evaluation `Readers of this volume will find a set of texts that provide an evocative overview of contemporary thinking in the world of evaluation. This is not a book of simple tips. It does justice to the complex realities of evaluation practice by bringing together some of the best practitioners in the world to reflect on its current state. It is theoretically sophisticated yet eminently readable, anchored in evaluation as it is undertaken in a variety of domains. It is the kind of book that startles a little and makes you think. I highly recommend it′ - Murray Saunders, University of Lancaster In this comprehensive handbook, an examination of the complexities of contemporary evaluation contributes to the ongoing dialogue that arises in professional efforts to evaluate people-related programs, policies and practices. The SAGE Handbook of Evaluation is a unique and authoritative resource consisting of 25 chapters covering a range of evaluation theories and techniques in a single, accessible volume. With contributions from world-leading figures in their fields overseen by an eminent international editorial board, this handbook is an extensive and user-friendly resource organised in four coherent sections: Role and Purpose of Evaluation in Society; Evaluation as a Social Practice; The Practice of Evaluation; Domains of Evaluation Practice. The Handbook of Evaluation is written for practicing evaluators, academics, advanced postgraduate students and evaluation clients and offers a definitive, benchmark statement on evaluation theory and practice for the first decades of the 21st century. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century Gary L. Gaile, Cort J. Willmott, 2003 For anyone interested in recent American research on climate, cities, Geographical Information Systems, Latin America, or any of the other subfields in geography, this volume provides representative accounts of American geographers' contributions in 47 specialty areas. This wide range of specialties comprises both a comprehensive reference and a 'state of the discipline' report. - ;Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century surveys American geographers' current research in their specialty areas and tracks trends and innovations in the many subfields of geography. As such, it is both a 'state of the discipline' assessment and a topical reference. It includes an introduction by the editors and 47 chapters, each on a specific specialty. The authors of each chapter were chosen by their specialty group of the American Association of Geographers (AAG). Based on a process of review and revision, the chapters in this volume have become truly representative of the recent scholarship of American geographers. While it focuses on work since 1990, it additionally includes related prior work and work by non-American geographers. The initial Geography in America was published in 1989 and has become a benchmark reference of American geographical research during the 1980s. This latest volume is completely new and features a Foreward written by the eminent geographer, Gilbert White. - ;This comprehensive work provides an opportunity for all to share an understanding of what professional geography in the US has become. Highly recommended. Geoffrey J. Martin, Choice - |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Down to Earth National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Mapping Science Committee, Committee on Geography, Committee on the Geographic Foundation for Agenda 21, 2002-10-24 In 1992, world leaders adopted Agenda 21, the work program of the 1992 U.N. Conference on Environment and Development. This landmark event provided a political foundation and action items to facilitate the global transition toward sustainable development. The international community marked the tenth anniversary of this conference in Johannesburg, South Africa, in August 2002. Down to Earth, a component of the U.S. State Department's Geographic Information for Sustainable Development project for the World Summit, focuses on sub-Saharan Africa with examples drawn from case-study regions where the U.S. Agency for International Development and other agencies have broad experience. Although African countries are the geographic focus of the study, the report has broader applicability. Down to Earth summarizes the importance and applicability of geographic data for sustainable development and draws on experiences in African countries to examine how future sources and applications of geographic data could provide reliable support to decision-makers as they work towards sustainable development. The committee emphasizes the potential of new technologies, such as satellite remote-sensing systems and geographic information systems, that have revolutionized data collection and analysis over the last decade. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Global Environmental Risk Jeanne X. Kasperson, Roger E. Kasperson, 2013-05-13 Despite international initiatives such as the Earth Summit in 1992 and ongoing efforts to implement the Kyoto Protocol, human activities continue to register a destructive toll on the planetary environment. At root, research on global environmental risk seeks new pathways for reversing unsustainable trends, curtailing ongoing destructive activities, and creating a life-sustaining planet. This book takes stock of the distinctive challenges posed by global environmental risks, the capacity of knowledge systems to identify and characterize such risks, and the competence of human society to manage the unprecedented complexity. Particular attention trains on engaging, in ways conducive to enhancing social learning and adaptation, the large uncertainties inherent in these risks. Various chapters enlist different scales of analysis to explore the manifestation and causes of global environmental risks in all the diversity of their regional expression. Throughout, the editors and contributors accord prominence to the vulnerability of people and places to environmental degradation. Understanding vulnerability is a neglected key to assessing the nature of the risks and determining strategies for altering trajectories of threat. Global risk futures, the editors argue, are not intractable, and are still amenable to a risk-analysis enterprise that is democratic in principle, humanistic in concept, and geared to the realities that pertain to the particular societies, locales, and regions that will ultimately bear the risk. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Graduate Studies , 1994 |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Dariali: The 'Caspian Gates' in the Caucasus from Antiquity to the Age of the Huns and the Middle Ages Eberhard Sauer, 2020-04-30 The Huns, invading through Dariali Gorge on the modern-day border between Russia and Georgia in AD 395 and 515, spread terror across the late antique world. Was this the prelude to the apocalypse? Prophecies foresaw a future Hunnic onslaught, via the same mountain pass, bringing about the end of the world. Humanity’s fate depended on a gated barrier deep in Europe’s highest and most forbidding mountain chain. Centuries before the emergence of such apocalyptic beliefs, the gorge had reached world fame. It was the target of a planned military expedition by the Emperor Nero. Chained to the dramatic sheer cliffs, framing the narrow passage, the mythical fire-thief Prometheus suffered severe punishment, his liver devoured by an eagle. It was known under multiple names, most commonly the Caspian or Alan Gates. Featuring in the works of literary giants, no other mountain pass in the ancient and medieval world matches Dariali’s fame. Yet little was known about the materiality of this mythical place. A team of archaeologists has now shed much new light on the major gorge-blocking fort and a barrier wall on a steep rocky ridge further north. The walls still standing today were built around the time of the first major Hunnic invasion in the late fourth century – when the Caucasus defenses feature increasingly prominently in negotiations between the Great Powers of Persia and Rome. In its endeavor to strongly fortify the strategic mountain pass through the Central Caucasus, the workforce erased most traces of earlier occupation. The Persian-built bastion saw heavy occupation for 600 years. Its multi-faith medieval garrison controlled Trans-Caucasian traffic. Everyday objects and human remains reveal harsh living conditions and close connections to the Muslim South, as well as the steppe world of the north. The Caspian Gates explains how a highly strategic rock has played a pivotal role in world history from Classical Antiquity into the twentieth century. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Arctic Geopolitics, Media and Power Annika Nilsson E., Miyase Christensen, 2019-05-21 Arctic Geopolitics, Media and Power provides a fresh way of looking at the potential and limitations of regional international governance in the Arctic region. Far-reaching impacts of climate change, its wealth of resources and potential for new commercial activities have placed the Arctic region into the political limelight. In an era of rapid environmental change, the Arctic provides a complex and challenging case of geopolitical interplay. Based on analyses of how actors from within and outside the Arctic region assert their interests and how such discourses travel in the media, this book scrutinizes the social and material contexts within which new imaginaries, spatial constructs and scalar preferences emerge. It places ground-breaking attention to shifting media landscapes as a critical component of the social, environmental and technological change. It also reflects on the fundamental dilemmas inherent in democratic decision making at a time when an urgent need for addressing climate change is challenged by conflicting interests and growing geopolitical tensions. This book will be of great interest to geography academics, media and communication studies and students focusing on policy, climate change and geopolitics, as well as policy-makers and NGOs working within the environmental sector or with the Arctic region. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9780367189822 has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Geography Heidi Hayes Jacobs, Brenda Randolph, Michal LeVasseur, 2001 |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Smoking Geographies Ross Barnett, Graham Moon, Jamie Pearce, Lee Thompson, Liz Twigg, 2016-12-27 Smoking Geographies provides a research-led assessment of the impact of geographical factors on smoking. The contributors uncover how geography can show us not only why people smoke but also broader issues of tobacco control, providing deeper clarity on how smoking and tobacco is ‘governed’. The text centres on one of the most important public health issues worldwide, and a major determinant of preventable mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries Records the outcomes of a long-term research collaboration that brings a geographical lens to smoking behaviour Uncovers how geography can play a part in understanding not only why people smoke but also broader issues of tobacco control Provides a deeper understanding of how smoking and tobacco is ‘governed’, regarding where people may smoke, but also more subtle governance as a climate is produced in which smoking becomes ‘denormalised’ Brings both quantitative and qualitative perspectives to bear on this major source of mortality and morbidity |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Federal Register , 1999-06-14 |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Geography and Energy John Doneric Chapman, 1989 |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: The Biochar Solution Albert K. Bates, 2010-10-01 How the dirt below our feet can save us from extinction. Conventional agriculture destroys our soils, pollutes our water and is a major contributor to climate change. What if our agricultural practices could stabilize, or even reverse these trends? The Biochar Solution explores the dual function of biochar as a carbon-negative energy source and a potent soil-builder. Created by burning biomass in the absence of oxygen, this material has the unique ability to hold carbon back from the atmosphere while simultaneously enhancing soil fertility. Author Albert Bates traces the evolution of this extraordinary substance from the ancient black soils of the Amazon to its reappearance as a modern carbon sequestration strategy. Combining practical techniques for the production and use of biochar with an overview of the development and future of carbon farming, The Biochar Solution describes how a new agricultural revolution can reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to below zero while increasing world food reserves and creating energy from biomass wastes. Biochar and carbon farming can: Reduce fossil fuels inputs into our food system Bring new life to desert landscapes Filter and purify drinking water Help build carbon-negative homes, communities and nations. Biochar is not without dangers if unregulated, and it is not a panacea, but if it fulfills its promise of taking us back from the brink of irreversible climate change, it may well be the most important discovery in human history. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Global and Sectoral Aspects Christopher B. Field, Vicente R. Barros, 2014-12-29 This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students, researchers and policy makers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology, atmospheric chemistry and environmental policy. |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Resources in Education , 1998 |
| chapter 25 assessment world geography: Cities on a Finite Planet Sheridan Bartlett, David Satterthwaite, 2016-04-14 Cities on a Finite Planet: Transformative responses to climate change shows how cities can combine high quality living conditions, resilience to climate change, disaster risk reduction and contributions to mitigation/low carbon development. It also covers the current and potential contribution of cities to avoiding dangerous climate change and is the first book with an in-depth coverage of how cities and their governments, citizens and civil society organizations can combine these different agendas, based on careful city-level analyses. The foundation for the book is detailed city case studies on Bangalore, Bangkok, Dar es Salaam, Durban, London, Manizales, Mexico City, New York and Rosario. Each of these was led by authors who contributed to the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment and are thus acknowledged as among the world’s top specialists in this field. This book highlights where there is innovation and progress in cities and how this was achieved. Also where there is little progress and no action and where there is no capacity to act. It also assesses the extent to which cities can address the Sustainable Development Goals within commitments to also dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this, it highlights how much progress on these different agendas depends on local governments and their capacities to work with their low-income populations. |
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