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| characteristics of kenyan english: English Around the World Jenny Cheshire, 1991-04-26 The social development of English as a world language emerges from a comprehensive account of our current knowledge of it as well as the gaps in understanding which future research can remedy. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Kenyan English Martha M. Michieka, Evans Gesura Mecha, 2021-10-26 This volume treats the sociolinguistic reality of Kenyan English. The contributors give the readers a rare glance into various contexts of English language use, such as school classrooms, radio stations, an urban pulpit, and a multilingual family setting. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Kenyan English Alfred Buregeya, 2019-08-05 English in Kenya is a stable post-colonial variety that is used as an inter-ethnic lingua franca in private domains, is the medium of instruction as well as the language spoken in parliament and court rooms. Yet so far no comprehensive research monograph on Kenyan English has been published that surveys its characteristic linguistic features. The present book closes this gap by giving a full description of the characteristic linguistic features of Kenyan English. The book provides an in-depth overview of Kenyan English phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics and also gives a meticulous account of the diachronic evolution of this post-colonial variety. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Kenyan English Alfred Buregeya, 2021-09-20 The book is an in-depth description of Kenyan English phonetics and phonology, morphology and syntax, lexis and semantics, and discourse features. It also provides a historical and cultural background to its development and a survey of previous work |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Exploring Ethnically-Marked Varieties of Kenyan English Billian Khalayi Otundo, 2018 On a quest to satisfy the need for acoustic documentation of pronunciation norms of Standard Kenyan English, there were predominant deviations which identify users of Ethnically Marked Varieties of Kenyan English. The study documents findings on tenets of Ethnic Markedness by two groups that revealed maximally distinct pronunciation. Data collection and analysis encompassed systematic recording, annotation and acoustic scrutiny. Moreover, attitudes that other Kenyans hold toward the selected varieties are exposed. The study is a primary source in the genres of World Englishes, speech science, prosody and interlanguage pronunciation. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: English in Kenya Or Kenyan English? Natalia Budohoska, 2014 Is Kenyan English a new postcolonial variety of English developing in a multilingual environment of permanent language contact? Analysis of lexical, morphological and syntactic features in the International Corpus of English for East Africa (ICE-EA) is accompanied by a sociolinguistic perspective and summarized employing Schneider's Dynamic Model. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: The Phonology of English as an International Language Jennifer Jenkins, 2000-07-27 This book advocates a new approach to pronunciation teaching, in which the goal is mutual intelligibility among non-native speakers, rather than imitating native speakers. It will be of interest to all teachers of English as an International Language, especially Business English. It proposes a basic core of phonological teaching, with controversial suggestions for what should be included. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: A Critical Introduction to Phonetics Ken Lodge, 2009-01-01 A new stance on the presentation of basic phonetic skills for students of linguistics, using examples drawn from a wide-range of languages. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Library of Congress Subject Headings Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office, 2009 |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Library of Congress Subject Headings Library of Congress, Library of Congress. Subject Cataloging Division, Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy, 2013 |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Focus on Canada Sandra Clarke, 1993-01-01 Although varieties of North American English have come in for a good deal of linguistic scrutiny in recent years, the vast majority of published works have dealt with American rather than Canadian English. This volume constitutes a welcome addition to our linguistic knowledge of English-speaking Canada. While the focus of the volume is primarily synchronic, several of the dozen papers it contains offer a diachronic perspective on Canadian English. Topics range from general issues in Canadian lexicography and orthography to sociolinguistic studies of varieties of English spoken in all major geographical areas of the country: Atlantic Canada, Ontario, Quebec and the West. A theme common to many of the articles is the relationship of Canadian English to American varieties to the south. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Simplicity and Typological Effects in the Emergence of New Englishes Thomas Brunner, 2017 The book is based on a detailed corpus-based investigation of the structure of noun phrases (NPs) in Singaporean English and Kenyan English with the aim of detecting, on the one hand, typological effects from substrate languages and, on the other hand, simplification patterns known to play a role in such varieties. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Cultivating Intercultural Communication Awareness Gareth Humphreys, 2024-12-27 In an increasingly interconnected world, supporting students as they learn to communicate in linguistically diverse intercultural settings is a significant aim of English language and international education. To address this educational objective, this book breaks down the complexities associated with global English in intercultural communication and it challenges conventional educational focuses through activities that promote intercultural awareness and citizenship. The resource book offers pre-service teachers and educators a range of activities grounded in contemporary perspectives on Global Englishes, intercultural learning, and intercultural citizenship education. The book shifts the focus from teaching to imitate native-like proficiency by providing educators with practices and ideas to develop students who are globally aware, can handle complexities of communicating using English as a lingua franca (ELF), and can act as responsible intercultural citizens in a globalised society. Around 120 practical activities are presented for use in supplementing existing curricula or in the design of new learning programmes. This book is a key resource for pre-service teachers and educators involved in English language education, international education, and intercultural education, as well as for scholars and instructors of applied linguistics, TESOL preparation programmes, and teacher education programmes. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Sheng Chege J. Githiora, 2018 The city of Nairobi is a rich context for the study of sociolinguistic phenomena. The coexistence of speakers of many different languages, further differentiated by socio-economic status, age and ethnicity provide conditions for the development of a mixed code such as Sheng, an urban variety of Kenyan Swahili which has morphed from a youth language into a vernacular of wider use. Sheng is a unique phenomenon in the study of linguistic change and innovation in an African context, a reflection of the ethnolinguistic diversity of Kenya, and language asymmetry created by socio-economic disparities. It also provides a window into understanding the processes of urban multilingualism, within the specific space structuring of Nairobi city. This book is a detailed account of the rise and development of Sheng, its linguistic structure, social functions, and possible future directions. The author's analysis of its presence in newspapers, TV, radio and online, makes it clear that Sheng functions as a particularly useful lens through which to explore contemporary Kenya. Chege Githiora is Professor of Linguistics, African Languages and Literatures at the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), and is author of Afro-Mexicans: Discourse of race and identity in the African Diaspora. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: The Lesser-Known Varieties of English Daniel Schreier, Peter Trudgill, Edgar W. Schneider, Jeffrey P. Williams, 2010-03-04 This is the first ever volume to compile sociolinguistic and historical information on lesser-known, and relatively ignored, native varieties of English around the world. Exploring areas as diverse as the Pacific, South America, the South Atlantic and West Africa, it shows how these varieties are as much part of the big picture as major varieties and that their analysis is essential for addressing some truly important issues in linguistic theory, such as dialect obsolescence and death, language birth, dialect typology and genetic classification, patterns of diffusion and transplantation and contact-induced language change. It also shows how close interwoven fields such as social history, contact linguistics and variationist sociolinguistics are in accounting for their formation and maintenance, providing a thorough description of the lesser-known varieties of English and their relevance for language spread and change. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Shakespeare Beyond English Susan Bennett, Christie Carson, 2013-08-29 What does it mean to perform Shakespeare in languages other than English and how do audiences respond? |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Register Variation in Indian English Chandrika Balasubramanian, 2009 Register Variation in Indian English constitutes the first large-scale empirical investigation of an international variety of English. Using a combination of the corpus compiled for this project and relevant sections of ICE-India as its database, this work tests existing descriptions and characterizations of English in India, and provides the first empirical account of register variation in Indian English (or indeed, any international variety of English). Included in this survey are linguistic features that have been examined before and others that have not. From an empirical standpoint, it comments on the process of Indianization of the English used in India. The book will be of interest to readers beyond specialists of Indian English as it is one of very few studies to undertake a large-scale corpus analysis for the purpose of dialect research. The book provides a model on which future studies of international Englishes can be based. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature , 2002 |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Variation in the Grammar of Black South African English Verena Minow, 2010 Black South African English, the variety of English used by mother-tongue speakers of South Africa's indigenous languages, has received considerable attention during the last two decades. However, so far most of the accounts of this variety have been only qualitative in nature. This book reports on one of the first studies offering extensive quantitative analyses of four typical features of Black South African English grammar: omission of past tense marking, extended use of the progressive aspect, article omission, and use of left dislocation. Drawing on a corpus of spoken data, the study's focus lies on the investigation of the stability of the selected features and hence aims to ascertain which of these are characteristic of Black South African English as a whole. Speakers exhibiting differing levels of competence in English are compared. It is shown that the analysed features are used by speakers of Black South African English regardless of their proficiency level, but, at the same time, there are considerable differences concerning the frequency of occurrence of these features. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: The Sounds of English Around the World Jette G. Hansen Edwards, 2023-09-14 Most introductions to English phonetics and phonology focus primarily on British or American English, which fails to account for the rich diversity of English varieties globally. This book addresses this gap, providing an overview of English phonetics and phonology through an exploration of the sounds of English around the world, including older varieties of English such as American, Canadian, British, and Australian Englishes, as well as new varieties of English such as Indian, Singaporean, Hong Kong, and Kenyan English. It focuses on diversity in vowels and consonants, allophonic variation, and stress and intonation patterns across regional, ethnic and social varieties of English in North America, The Caribbean, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania. Listening exercises are incorporated throughout to facilitate the understanding of different concepts, and the book also has an accompanying website with a wide range of speech samples, allowing readers to hear the phonetics of the varieties under discussion. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: The State and Nation-Building Processes in Kenya since Independence Mwangi, Susan Waiyego, Opongo, Elias Omondi, Whom, Ephraim Wachira, 2019-06-25 Kenya’s nationalism during the colonial period was marked by two main characteristics that feature in this book. First, the struggle for independence that was mainly characterized by the claim for land that had been taken away by the colonizers. Second was the struggle for autonomy and self-determination, mainly through political resistance. The authors in this book analyse historical trajectories of Kenya's nationalism trends while highlighting the role of political leaders, large as well as small ethnic groups, perennial conflicts, community as well as religious leaders, among others. The discussions demonstrate that quest for a national identity that is inclusive at all levels – whether politically, economically, religiously and ethnically – has marked Kenya's struggle for nationalism, sometimes leading to violence, especially during election periods, national unity through political coalitions and reconciliation, as well as institutional reforms. In conclusion, the authors demonstrate that while Kenya is gradually advancing towards national cohesion, there are still many challenges yet to be surmounted. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: New Language Bearings in Africa Margaret Jepkirui Muthwii, Angelina Nduku Kioko, 2004-01-01 The collection of papers in this special volume discuss issues and challenges that are pertinent in understanding present-day moves and tendencies in the use of languages in the African contexts. The volume's major asset lies in the diversity of topics, the range of languages and the African geographical areas covered. Not only do the contributors come from different nations in Africa but also many of them are established scholars who interact with and interpret the unique situations in their nations on a daily basis. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Urban Contact Dialects and Language Change Paul Kerswill, Heike Wiese, 2022-03-30 This volume provides a systematic comparative treatment of urban contact dialects in the Global North and South, examining the emergence and development of these dialects in major cities in sub-Saharan Africa and North-Western Europe. The book’s focus on contemporary urban settings sheds light on the new language practices and mixed ways of speaking resulting from large-scale migration and the intense contact that occurs between new and existing languages and dialects in these contexts. In comparing these new patterns of language variation and change between cities in both Africa and Europe, the volume affords us a unique opportunity to examine commonalities in linguistic phenomena as well as sociolinguistic differences in societally multilingual settings and settings dominated by a strong monolingual habitus. These comparisons are reinforced by a consistent chapter structure, with each chapter presenting the linguistic and social context of the region, information on available data (including corpora), sociolinguistic and structural findings, a discussion of the status of the urban contact dialect, and its stability over time. The discussion in the book is further enriched by short commentaries from researchers contributing different theoretical and geographical perspectives. Taken as a whole, the book offers new insights into migration-based linguistic diversity and patterns of language variation and change, making this ideal reading for students and scholars in general linguistics and language structure, sociolinguistics, creole studies, diachronic linguistics, language acquisition, anthropological linguistics, language education and discourse analysis. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Language, Youth and Identity in the 21st Century Jacomine Nortier, Bente A. Svendsen, 2015-03-19 This volume explores and compares linguistic practices among young people in linguistically and culturally diverse urban spaces. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: English as a Global Language David Crystal, 2012-03-29 Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: English as a Contact Language Daniel Schreier, Marianne Hundt, 2013-01-17 Recent developments in contact linguistics suggest considerable overlap of branches such as historical linguistics, variationist sociolinguistics, pidgin/creole linguistics, language acquisition, etc. This book highlights the complexity of contact-induced language change throughout the history of English by bringing together cutting-edge research from these fields. Special focus is on recent debates surrounding substratal influence in earlier forms of English (particularly Celtic influence in Old English), on language shift processes (the formation of Irish and overseas varieties) but also on dialects in contact, the contact origins of Standard English, the notion of new epicentres in World English, the role of children and adults in language change as well as transfer and language learning. With contributions from leading experts, the book offers fresh and exciting perspectives for research and is at the same time an up-to-date overview of the state of the art in the respective fields. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Interactions across Englishes Christiane Meierkord, 2012-04-26 English is a language at the centre of research into language contact, because its global spread has resulted in contact with an enormous variety of different languages worldwide, leading to the creation of many new varieties of English, including second language varieties, and also pidgins and creoles. This book takes an original look at what happens when speakers of these different varieties interact with one another. Using her own rich fieldwork data from diverse international and South African contexts, Meierkord proposes an innovative approach to how Englishes merge and blend in such interactions, creating further new forms of English and further changes to the language. Through skilful analyses and descriptions, the book provides fascinating insights into where and who the users of English as a lingua franca are and what English then looks like at the levels of phonetics, morphosyntax, the lexicon and discourse. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: A Phonological Grammar of Kenyan Sign Language Hope E. Morgan, 2022-07-05 This grammar of Kenyan Sign Language (KSL) phonology adds to a sparse literature on the units of categorical form in the world’s sign languages. At the same time, it brings descriptive and theoretical research on sign language phonology into better alignment by systematically evaluating current models of sign language phonology for each of the main parameters – handshape, location, and movement – against the KSL data. This grammar also makes a methodological contribution by using a unique dataset of KSL minimal pairs in the analysis, demonstrating that minimal pairs are not as infrequent in sign languages as previously thought. The main content of the book is found in five chapters on handshape, location, core articulatory movement, manner of movement, and other distinctive features (e.g., orientation, mouth actions). The book also contains two large appendices that document the phonological evidence for each of the 44 handshapes and 37 locations. This book will be a key reference for descriptive and typological studies of sign phonology, as well as a helpful resource for linguists interested in understanding the similarities and differences between current models of sign phonology and identifying promising avenues for future research. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Preposition Placement in English Thomas Hoffmann, 2011-01-06 Preposition placement, the competition between preposition stranding (What is he talking about?) and pied-piping (About what is he talking?), is one of the most interesting areas of syntactic variation in English. This is the first book to investigate preposition placement across all types of clauses that license it, such as questions, exclamations and wh-clauses, and those which exhibit categorical stranding, such as non-wh relative clauses, comparatives, and passives. Drawing on over 100 authentic examples from both first-language (English) and second-language (Kenyan) data, it combines experimental and corpus-based approaches to provide a full grammatical account of preposition placement in both varieties of English. Although written within the usage-based construction grammar framework, the results are presented in theory-neutral terminology, making them accessible to researchers from all syntactic schools. This pioneering volume will be of interest not only to syntacticians, but also second-language researchers and those working on variation in English. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Language and Identities Carmen Llamas, Dominic James Landon Watt, 2010 This volume offers a broad survey of our current state of knowledge on the connections between variability in language use and the construction, negotiation, maintenance and performance of identities. Bringing together the expertise of distinguished international scholars in specially commissioned chapters, the book provides a thematic reader and essential resource for advanced students and researchers in language and identity studies. Leading scholars consider: The chapters use detailed empirical evidence to illustrate how the multi-layered, dynamic nature of identities is realised through linguistic behaviour. Several chapters in the collection focus on contexts in which a heightened sense of identity might be expected: cases in which identi |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts , 2007-02 |
| characteristics of kenyan english: The Alchemy of English Braj B. Kachru, 1986 What emerges from Kachru's fine work is the potential demarcation of an entire field, rather than merely the fruitful exploration of a topic. . . . [Kachru] is to be congratulated for having taken us as far as he already has and for doing so in so stimulating and so productive a fashion. -- World Englishes A potent addition to theoretical, sociolinguistic, attitudinal and methodological explorations vis-à-vis the spread and functions of, and innovations in, English from the viewpoint of a non-Western scholar. -- The Language Teacher Winner of the Joint First Prize, Duke of Edinburgh English Language Book Competition of the English-Speaking Union of the Commonwealth, 1987 |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Cultures, Contexts, and World Englishes Yamuna Kachru, Larry E. Smith, 2008-04-15 This volume aims to familiarize readers with the varieties of world Englishes used across cultures and to create awareness of some of the linguistic and socially relevant contexts and functions that have given rise to them. It emphasizes that effective communication among users of different Englishes requires awareness of the varieties in use and their cultural, social, and ideational functions. Cultures, Contexts and World Englishes: demonstrates the rich results of integrating theory, methodology and application features critical and detailed discussion of the sociolinguistics of English in the globalized world gives equal emphasis to grammar and pragmatics of variation and to uses of Englishes in spoken and written modes in major English-using regions of the world. Each chapter includes suggestions for further reading and challenging discussion questions and appropriate research projects designed to enhance the usefulness of this volume in courses such as world Englishes, English in the Global Context, Sociolinguistics, Critical Applied Linguistics, Language Contact and Convergence, Ethnography of Communication, and Crosscultural Communication. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Pragmatic Markers in Irish English Carolina P. Amador-Moreno, Kevin McCafferty, Elaine Vaughan, 2015-07-15 Pragmatic Markers in Irish English offers 18 studies from the perspective of variational pragmatics by established and younger scholars with an interest in the English of Ireland. Taking a broad definition of pragmatic markers (PMs) as items operating outside the structural limits of the clause that encode speakers’ intentions and interpersonal meanings, this volume includes discussions of traditional PMs like sure that are strongly associated with Irish English, recent globally-spreading innovations like quotative like, and studies of tag questions, vocatives and emoticons. The data sets used cover most of the existing and developing corpora of Irish English as well as historical legal depositions, films, advertising and recent fiction, interviews, recorded conversations, and blogs. The authors address general issues such as what corpora of Irish English might add to the description of PMs in general, the interaction of Irish and Irish English, historical and contemporary uses of specific PMs, and the usage of recent immigrants to Ireland. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: The Handbook of World Englishes Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, Cecil L. Nelson, 2009-02-09 The Handbook of World Englishes is a collection of newly commissioned articles focusing on selected critical dimensions and case studies of the theoretical, ideological, applied and pedagogical issues related to English as it is spoken around the world. Represents the cross-cultural and international contextualization of the English language Articulates the visions of scholars from major varieties of world Englishes – African, Asian, European, and North and South American Discusses topics including the sociolinguistic contexts of varieties of English in the inner, outer, and expanding circles of its users; the ranges of functional domains in which these varieties are used; the place of English in language policies and language planning; and debates about English as a cause of language death, murder and suicide. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Out of Africa Isak Dinesen, Karen Blixen, 2011 In 1914 Karen Blixen arrived in Kenya with her husband to run a coffee-farm. Drawn to the exquisite beauty of Africa, she spent her happiest years there until the plantation failed. A poignant farewell to her beloved farm, Out of Africa describes her friendships with the local people, her dedication for the landscape and wildlife, and great love for the adventurer Denys Finch-Hatton. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Analele Universității București , 2014 |
| characteristics of kenyan english: A History of the English Language Elly van Gelderen, 2006-01-01 This exceptionally clear text focuses on internal changes in the English language. It outlines the history of English from pre-Old English times to the present. Not only does it present the traditional morphological descriptions of the various stages of the language, it provides many example sentences, texts, and cartoons that are analyzed for the benefit of the student and which make this book ideal for class use. Some language-external topics are covered such as early printing and authorship debates. Tables and figures complement the material covered and exercises review the main points as well as ask further, more challenging, questions. Answers to the exercises are provided, as is a time line listing some of the external events, and some guidance on how to use the OED. Complementary web site information is provided throughout the book, and a companion web site accompanies the book. This book has a companion website: www.historyofenglish.net |
| characteristics of kenyan english: Variation in English World-wide Axel Bohmann, 2019-11-21 Provides a comprehensive overview of how variation in English world-wide is structured and the factors that motivate this structure. |
| characteristics of kenyan english: The Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics H. Ekkehard Wolff, 2019-04-30 This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive state-of-the-art study of 'African languages' and 'language in Africa' since its beginnings as a 'colonial science' at the turn of the twentieth century in Europe. Compiled by 56 internationally renowned scholars, this ground breaking study looks at past and current research on 'African languages' and 'language in Africa' under the impact of paradigmatic changes from 'colonial' to 'postcolonial' perspectives. It addresses current trends in the study of the role and functions of language, African and other, in pre- and postcolonial African societies. Highlighting the central role that the 'language factor' plays in postcolonial transformation processes of sociocultural modernization and economic development, it also addresses more recent, particularly urban, patterns of communication, and outlines applied dimensions of digitalization and human language technology. |
188 Examples of Character Traits - Simplicable
Oct 11, 2024 · Character traits are stable behavioral and cognitive traits of an individual. This includes your personality and any sustained …
CHARACTERISTIC Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CHARACTERISTIC is a distinguishing trait, quality, or property. How to use characteristic in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Characteristic.
CHARACTERISTIC | English meaning - Cambridge Diction…
These dogs show many of the characteristics traditionally associated with their breed. Pride is not an …
CHARACTERISTIC Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Characteristic definition: Also characteristical. pertaining to, constituting, or indicating the character or peculiar quality of a person or …
CHARACTERISTIC definition and meaning | Collins Englis…
The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that belong to them and make them recognizable.
188 Examples of Character Traits - Simplicable
Oct 11, 2024 · Character traits are stable behavioral and cognitive traits of an individual. This includes your personality and any sustained behaviors such as habits that you have cultivated. …
CHARACTERISTIC Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CHARACTERISTIC is a distinguishing trait, quality, or property. How to use characteristic in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Characteristic.
CHARACTERISTIC | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
These dogs show many of the characteristics traditionally associated with their breed. Pride is not an attractive characteristic. Being tall is a typical characteristic of Montenegrans. With the …
CHARACTERISTIC Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Characteristic definition: Also characteristical. pertaining to, constituting, or indicating the character or peculiar quality of a person or thing; typical; distinctive.. See examples of …
CHARACTERISTIC definition and meaning | Collins English …
The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that belong to them and make them recognizable.
characteristic noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and …
Definition of characteristic noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. a typical feature or quality that something/somebody has. There were few similarities in the brothers' physical …
30+ Characteristics Examples
Feb 6, 2025 · Characteristics refer to the distinctive qualities or traits that define a person and distinguish them from others. These can be divided into several categories, such as physical, …
Characteristics - definition of Characteristics by The Free Dictionary
1. indicating the character or distinctive quality of a person or thing; typical. n. 2. a distinguishing feature or quality. 3. a. the integral part of a common logarithm. b. the exponent of 10 in a …
characteristic | meaning of characteristic in Longman Dictionary …
THESAURUS characteristic something that is typical of someone or something and makes them easy to recognize He had several characteristics which made him different to the rest of his …
Characteristic Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
He responded to their comments with characteristic good humor. Such behavior is not characteristic of a good neighbor. She was characteristically modest when she accepted the …
