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| collectivization russia: The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931–1933 R. Davies, S. Wheatcroft, 2016-01-13 This book examines the Soviet agricultural crisis of 1931-1933 which culminated in the major famine of 1933. It is the first volume in English to make extensive use of Russian and Ukrainian central and local archives to assess the extent and causes of the famine. It reaches new conclusions on how far the famine was 'organized' or 'artificial', and compares it with other Russian and Soviet famines and with major twentieth century famines elsewhere. Against this background, it discusses the emergence of collective farming as an economic and social system. |
| collectivization russia: Russian Peasants and Soviet Power Moshe Lewin, 1975 A most important and pioneering book--the only full-scale study of the Russian revolution and the peasant from 1917 through the first wave of mass collectivization in 1930. --Stephen F. Cohen |
| collectivization russia: Russia's Diamond Colony John Tichotsky, 2014-01-02 This study looks at the reform process in Sakha and at a one hundred year history of economic development. The research revealed that Sakha's progress has always been determined by the export of key resources. |
| collectivization russia: Collectivization Generation Marianne Kamp, 2024-12-15 Collectivization Generation is a history of agricultural collectivization in Soviet Uzbekistan, but it is not focused on Party decisions. Instead, Marianne Kamp offers a history of everyday life that relies on oral history accounts from those she calls the collectivization generation. Born between the early 1900s and the early 1920s, the collectivization generation were rural youth who participated in the transformation of agricultural life in the early 1930s as teens or young adults. A top-down restructuring ruptured their predictable life trajectories and created new categories for understanding self and society. For many, the newly formed kolkhozes became their economic, social, and political milieu throughout their working years, shaping their identities and their material lives. In Collectivization Generation, we meet Uzbeks who were driven from their homes by bandits, whose fathers disappeared in the Stalinist gulag, who suffered starvation and orphanhood. We also meet Uzbeks who told of embracing the project of collectivization, of feeling rewarded with dignity, recognition, pay, association with national triumphs, and with the progress represented by a tractor. |
| collectivization russia: Stalin's Peasants Sheila Fitzpatrick, 1994 Drawing on Soviet archives, especially the letters of complaint with which peasants deluged the Soviet authorities in the 1930s, this work analyzes peasants' strategies of resistance and survival in the new world of the collectivized village |
| collectivization russia: The Harvest of Sorrow Robert Conquest, 2018-11-01 Robert Conquest's The Harvest of Sorrow helped to reveal to the West the true and staggering human cost of the Soviet regime in its deliberate starvation of millions of peasants and remains one of the most important works of Soviet history ever written. More deaths resulted from the actions described in this book than from the whole of the First World War. Epic in scope and rich in detail, The Harvest of Sorrow describes how millions of peasants in the USSR were dispossessed and deported as a result of the abolition of private property, and how millions in the newly established ‘collective’ farms of the Ukraine and other regions were then deliberately starved to death through impossibly high quotas, the removal of all other sources of food and their isolation from outside help. With the publication of this and his earlier book, The Great Terror, which revealed the truth about Stalin’s political purges, Robert Conquest revealed to the West the staggering human cost of the Soviet regime. |
| collectivization russia: Rural Adaptation in Russia Stephen K. Wegren, 2022-05-19 The current dominant approach to Russian peasant behaviour emphasizes rural resistance to reform in broad terms, and to the introduction of market forces in particular. Bringing together some of the finest scholars on rural Russia, this groundbreaking volume examines this perception with an analysis of both historical and contemporary patterns of rural adaptation in Russia. Four articles included analyze peasant responses in the post-Soviet era, and focus on: * the relationship between poverty and rural adaptation * the social origins of private farmers in southern Russia and Ukraine * response patterns by large farms (formerly collective and state farms) * household adaptation using a standardized set of criteria. This fascinating book gives an illuminating picture of the ways in which peasants respond to new environmental conditions and stimuli created by reform. The substantive material included draws on fieldwork and survey data collected from rural Russia, from the Stolypin reforms in the pre-Soviet era, and collectivisation of agriculture during the 1930s in the Soviet era. This book was previously as a special issue of The Journal of Peasant Studies. |
| collectivization russia: Vladimir Putin and Russia's Imperial Revival David E. McNabb, 2017-07-05 Discerning the early stages of the rebirth of a new Russian empire from the ashes of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Putin and Russia‘s Imperial Revival argues that Russia‘s recent overtly aggressive actions and foreign policy doctrines have signaled a renewal of the Cold War. At the least, Russia‘s actions represent the potential for renewal. This book explains these developments in a historical context.The book begins by describing Russia‘s initial policy of rapprochement after the collapse of the Soviet Union and its development into a foreign policy of threatened or actual armed aggression. It identifies today‘s Russia as a nation determined to re-establish itself as a political and military force. As a prominent figure in the development and continuation of its current foreign policy, Vladimir Putin plays a central role in the topics covered.Previous literature often treats Putin as an individual phenomenon examining his connections to corruption or the secret police, but here David E. McNabb examines him as the latest in a long history of Russian despots who followed similar expansionist policies. He details some of the tactics Putin uses to instill fear and dominate political policies of republics newly independent from Russia. These tactics include the use of energy as a weapon, cyber terrorism, and military support for ethnic Russian separatists in other sovereign nations, most recently exemplified by Russia‘s annexation of Crimea from Ukraine via armed invasion.In an attempt to demystify Russia‘s re-emergence as an international political force, Vladimir Putin and Russia‘s Imperial Revival grounds its analyses in history. It explores as far back as the establishment of the first Russian empire, and regards Putin as a leader determined to establish a fifth imperial incarnation. It provides a nuanced understanding of how Russia arrived at its current position through recent and distant internal and international events. |
| collectivization russia: Inventing a Soviet Countryside James W. Heinzen, 2004-02-01 Following the largest peasant revolution in history, Russia's urban-based Bolshevik regime was faced with a monumental task: to peacefully modernize and eventually socialize the peasants in the countryside surrounding Russia's cities. To accomplish this, the Bolshevik leadership created the People's Commissariat of Agriculture (Narkomzem), which would eventually employ 70,000 workers. This commissariat was particularly important, both because of massive famine and because peasants composed the majority of Russia's population; it was also regarded as one of the most moderate state agencies because of its nonviolent approach to rural transformation.Working from recently opened historical archives, James Heinzen presents a balanced, thorough examination of the political, social, and cultural dilemmas present in the Bolsheviks' strategy for modernizing of the peasantry. He especially focuses on the state employees charged with no less than a complete transformation of an entire class of people. Heinzen ultimately shows how disputes among those involved in this plan-from the government, to Communist leaders, to the peasants themselves-led to the shuttering of the Commissariat of Agriculture and to Stalin's cataclysmic 1929 collectivization of agriculture. |
| collectivization russia: Land Reform in Russia Stephen K. Wegren, 2009-11-24 This ambitious work is the definitive account of Russia's land reform initiatives from the late 1980s to today. In Russia, a country controlling more land than any other nation, land ownership is central to structures of power, class division, and agricultural production. The aim of Russian land reform for the past thirty years--to undo the collectivization of the Soviet era and encourage public ownership--has been largely unsuccessful. To understand this failure, Stephen Wegren examines contemporary land reform policies in terms of legislation, institutional structure, and human behavior. Using extensive survey data, he analyzes household behaviors in regard to land ownership and usage based on socioeconomic status, family size, demographic distribution, and regional differences. Wegren's study is important and timely, as Russian land reform will have a profound effect on Russia's ability to compete in an era of globalization. |
| collectivization russia: Peasant Rebels Under Stalin Lynne Viola, 1999 Based on newly declassified Soviet archives, including secret police reports, Peasant Rebels Under Stalin documents the active history of the vast peasant rebellion against collectivization between 1928-1932. Lynn Viola reveals the manifestation in Stalin's Russia of universal strategies of peasant resistance in what amounted to virtual civil war between state and peasantry. |
| collectivization russia: Vladimir Putin and Russia's Imperial Revival David E. McNabb, 2016-02-12 Discerning the early stages of the rebirth of a new Russian empire from the ashes of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Putin and Russia’s Imperial Revival argues that Russia’s recent overtly aggressive actions and foreign policy doctrines have signaled a renewal of the Cold War. At the least, Russia’s actions represent the potential for renewal. This book explains these developments in a historical context. The book begins by describing Russia’s initial policy of rapprochement after the collapse of the Soviet Union and its development into a foreign policy of threatened or actual armed aggression. It identifies today’s Russia as a nation determined to re-establish itself as a political and military force. As a prominent figure in the development and continuation of its current foreign policy, Vladimir Putin plays a central role in the topics covered. Previous literature often treats Putin as an individual phenomenon examining his connections to corruption or the secret police, but here David E. McNabb examines him as the latest in a long history of Russian despots who followed similar expansionist policies. He details some of the tactics Putin uses to instill fear and dominate political policies of republics newly independent from Russia. These tactics include the use of energy as a weapon, cyber terrorism, and military support for ethnic Russian separatists in other sovereign nations, most recently exemplified by Russia’s annexation of Crimea from Ukraine via armed invasion. In an attempt to demystify Russia’s re-emergence as an international political force, Vladimir Putin and Russia’s Imperial Revival grounds its analyses in history. It explores as far back as the establishment of the first Russian empire, and regards Putin as a leader determined to establish a fifth imperial incarnation. It provides a nuanced understanding of how Russia arrived at its current position through recent and distant internal and international events. |
| collectivization russia: Reinventing Russia Yitzhak M. BRUDNY, Yitzhak M Brudny, 2009-06-30 What caused the emergence of nationalist movements in many post-communist states? What role did communist regimes play in fostering these movements? Why have some been more successful than others? To address these questions, Yitzhak Brudny traces the Russian nationalist movement from its origins within the Russian intellectual elite of the 1950s to its institutionalization in electoral alliances, parliamentary factions, and political movements of the early 1990s. Brudny argues that the rise of the Russian nationalist movement was a combined result of the reinvention of Russian national identity by a group of intellectuals, and the Communist Party's active support of this reinvention in order to gain greater political legitimacy. The author meticulously reconstructs the development of the Russian nationalist thought from Khrushchev to Yeltsin, as well as the nature of the Communist Party response to Russian nationalist ideas. Through analysis of major Russian literary, political, and historical writings, the recently-published memoirs of the Russian nationalist intellectuals and Communist Party officials, and documents discovered in the Communist Party archives, Brudny sheds new light on social, intellectual, and political origins of Russian nationalism, and emphasizes the importance of ideas in explaining the fate of the Russian nationalist movement during late communist and early post-communist periods. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments 1. Russian Nationalists in Soviet Politics 2. The Emergence of Politics by Culture, 1953-1964 3. The First Phase of Inclusionary Politics, 1965-1970 4. The Rise and Fall of Inclusionary Politics, 1971-1985 5. What Went Wrong with the Politics of Inclusion? 6. What Is Russia, and Where Should It Go? Political Debates, 1971-1985 7. The Zenith of Politics by Culture, 1985-1989 8. The Demise of Politics by Culture, 1989-1991 Epilogue: Russian Nationalism in Postcommunist Russia Notes Index Reviews of this book: Mr. Brudny provides a salient background to understanding one of the great phenomena of post-1945 history: how Russians arrive at their view of the West. --Ron Laurenzo, Washington Times Reviews of this book: Brudny is a good guide to the origins of what probably lies ahead. --Geoffrey A. Hosking, Times Literary Supplement Reviews of this book: If readers think that today's anti-Western, antimarket, antisemitic variety of Russian nationalism is simply the fallout from the country's current misery, they should think again. With care and intelligence, Brudny traces its lineage back to the Khrushchev years. What began among the so-called village prose writers as a lament for a rural past ravaged by Stalin's experimentation gradually accumulated further grievances: the devastation of Russian culture and monuments, the infiltration of 'corrupting' Western values, and ultimately under Gorbechev the 'criminal' destruction of Russian power. Much of the book concentrates on how Khrushchev and Brezhnev tried--but ultimately failed--to harness this discontent for their own purposes. --Robert Legvold, Foreign Affairs Reviews of this book: Brudny's survey of relations between Russian nationalism and the Soviet state provides an in-depth insight into one of the most complicated aspects of the Soviet multi-national state. --Taras Kuzio, International Affairs Reviews of this book: A thought-provoking book. --Virginia Quarterly Reviews of this book: Brudny shows that Russian cultural nationalism was a powerful force in the post-Stalin years, with ultimate political consequences. In meticulous detail Brudny sets out the various strains of Russian nationalism and points to the regime's encouragement of a certain kind of nationalism as a means of bolstering legitimacy through the 'politics of inclusion'...This volume is a significant contribution to the literature. --R. J. Mitchell, Choice Reviews of this book: In Reinventing Russia, situated at the intersection of culture (specifically the literature of the village prose movement) and politics, Brudny has managed admirably to draw out the wider implications of his inquiry and provided an extremely useful set of orientation points in the current, seemingly so chaotic, political debate in Russia. --Hans J. Rindisbacher, European Legacy Reviews of this book: Brudny's book paints a fascinating picture. It delineates a rich Soviet culture and society, one that is much more varied than has been previously depicted by most Western researchers. The overriding importance of the book derives from its argument that the post-Stalinist cultural debate in the Soviet Union is what created the infrastructure for the seemingly odd alliance between communist ideology and the nationalist intelligentsia--today's 'red-brown' alliance. It's a significant contribution to our understanding of the history of the nationalist idea...[Reinventing Russia provides] an enthralling overview of a historic development that has been neglected by most Western researchers...His book proves once more that anyone who seeks to understand developments in Eastern Europe cannot do so by merely analyzing the economic policy of the political maneuvers of the governing elite. --Shlomo Avineri, Ha'aretz Book Review Yitzhak Brudny offers us a most persuasive attempt to explain the intricate, often puzzling relation between Soviet political and cultural bureaucracy and the rise of Russian nationalism in the post-Stalin era. His analysis of Russian nationalist ideology and its role in the corrosion of the official Soviet dogmas is uniquely insightful and provocative. Students of Soviet and post-Soviet affairs will find in Brudny's splendidly researched book an indispensable instrument to grasp the meaning of the still perplexing developments that led to the breakdown of the Leninist state. In the growing body of literature dealing with nationalism and national identity, this one stands out as boldly innovative, theoretically challenging, and culturally sophisticated. --Vladimir Tismaneanu, University of Maryland, College Park, author of Fantasies of Salvation Yitzhak Brudny has produced an impressive and scholarly account of the divisions within the Russian political and cultural elite during the last four decades of the Soviet Union's existence. His book is important both for the fresh light it throws on that period and as essential context for interpreting the debates on nationhood and statehood which rage in Russia today. --Archie Brown, University of Oxford Reinventing Russia provides us with a vivid portrayal of the politics behind the rise of Russian nationalism in post-Stalinist Russia. It is a finely detailed study of not only the relationship of political authority to the spread of nationalist ideas, but also reciprocally of the role played by these ideas in shaping the political. --Mark Beissinger, University of Wisconsin-Madison Rival nationalists literally shook the Soviet Union apart. The very structure of the Soviet state encouraged all major ethnic groups--including the Russians--to view battles over resources in terms of ethnic and national conflict. Brudny, in this important study, explores precisely how rival nationalist claims emerged during the years following Stalin's death, and why they proved to be simultaneously so robust and pernicious. --Blair Ruble, Director, Kennan Institute, Woodrow Wilson Center |
| collectivization russia: Rural Reform in Post-Soviet Russia David J. O'Brien, Stephen K. Wegren, 2002-03-20 Rural Reform in Post-Soviet Russia reviews change in agricultural and rural life since 1990 through historical, political, sociological, and anthropological investigation. The contributors' interest is not so much in agriculture itself but in agrarian issues such as the relationship between rural interests and changing Russian institutions, the economic and social organization of rural households, and the quality of life in rural families and villages. |
| collectivization russia: Power Restructuring In China And Russia Mark Lupher, 2018-02-12 The massive economic transformations and political upheavals that have been sweeping China and the Soviet Union in the final decades of the twentieth century are among the great dramas of our time. Yet the origins of these revolutionary changes are murky and their outcomes unclear. Have we witnessed the demise of an archaic authoritarian order and the rise of pluralism and democracy, or are the tumultuous events of the post-Mao era and the period of perestroika more usefully viewed in light of broader patterns of power and politics in Chinese and Russian history? Considering these questions with a new interpretation of power relations and political processes in China and Russia, Mark Lupher explores the imperial era, the communist period, and the current situation in both countries. Rather than speaking of “reform,” which too often is understood as liberalization along Western lines, his discussion is focused on power restructuring—the ebb and flow of state power; the centralization and decentralization of political and economic power; and the three-way struggles between central rulers, various elites, and nonprivileged groups that drive these processes. Lupher’s power-restructuring analysis is noteworthy in combining broad comparative-historical analysis and conceptualization with a closely focused discussion and reinterpretation of the Chinese Cultural Revolution—the core of his book. By comparing and bringing new light to bear on a series of pivotal episodes in Chinese and Russian history, he furthers our understanding and assessment of processes that will continue to unfold in China, Russia, and the former Soviet republics. |
| collectivization russia: Russia's Futures Richard Sakwa, 2019-03-04 Russia is back as a major force in global politics, but what does this mean? Is Russia the dangerous revisionist foe that meddles in Western elections and tries to subvert the liberal international order? Or is it a country precariously trying to maintain security and enhance prosperity at home, while re-asserting its place as a great power in the world today? In this book, renowned Russia scholar Richard Sakwa explores current debates on Russia, placing them in historical context and outlining the fundamental challenges currently facing the country. Post-communist Russia had to grapple with a unique set of problems, including reconstituting the political system, rebuilding the economy, re-imagining the nation, and rethinking Russia’s place in the world. The solutions are still being sought, but this hard-hitting study argues that the failure to create an international system in which Russia’s transformation became part of a revised world order has made the search far more difficult than it may otherwise have been. Although Russia is one of the oldest states in Europe, in its contemporary guise it is one of the youngest. Russia has had many pasts and, given its size, centrality and complexity, it will also have many futures. |
| collectivization russia: Red Bread Maurice Hindus, 1988-12-22 First published in 1931 and long out of print, Red Bread is Russian-born journalist Maurice Hindus's account of his return to his native village in 1929-30 to see for himself how Stalin's collectivization campaign was transforming the lives of the peasants among whom he had grown up in prerevolutionary times. This warm and human narrative conveys in personal and immediate terms his peasant neighbors' responses to being forced out of a centuries-old way of life and into the unfamiliar social setting and industrialized large-scale agriculture of the kolkhoz. Convinced that collectivized farming would bring Russian agriculture and the Russian peasant into the modern age, Hindus was nonetheless deeply troubled by the huge social cost and personal suffering inflicted by Stalin's ruthless campaign. Red Bread contributes an invaluable grassroots perspective on the era's dynamism and despair to the current discussion of the Soviet historical experience in the Soviet Union and the West. |
| collectivization russia: Russia is the blood enemy of Ukraine. The true history of Ukraine and Russia from the 2nd century BC. not distorted by Russian propaganda. Nashchubskiy, 2024-04-13 This historical book reveals the secrets of the past, casting light on the dark corners of the relationship between Ukraine and Russia. It unfolds a large-scale picture of an age-old relationship, shedding light on the tragic events and indescribable feats of both nations. As we travel through time, we will discover that the history of these two peoples is intertwined with threads of complex events dating back to ancient times. Each page of the book reveals not only the fascinating drama of historical vicissitudes, but also pronounced features of national character that shape the fate of peoples. This deep dive into the past opens eyes to the true causes of much of Ukraine's suffering, revealing complex knots of political and cultural influences from Russia. But at the same time, it offers a new perspective on the relationship between these peoples, calling for understanding and healing of historical wounds. This historical book is a ruthless expose of Russia as the root of all Ukraine's ills. I will tear the covers off the centuries-old lies and manipulations of the Kremlin. I will prove that every historical tragedy in Ukraine has roots in Russian influence. From ancient times to modern times, we will look at the shocking truth hidden from us and see the real face of Russia as the main aggressor and oppressor of Ukraine. This is a guide to the true history of the two peoples, which will convince you to rethink the shared history of these countries. |
| collectivization russia: Russian Peasants and Soviet Power Moshe Lewin, 1968 |
| collectivization russia: The Russian Revolution Sheila Fitzpatrick, 2008-02-28 The Russian Revolution had a decisive impact on the history of the twentieth century. In the years following the collapse of the Soviet regime and the opening of its archives, it has become possible to step back and see the full picture. This fully updated new edition of Sheila Fitzpatrick's classic short history of the Russian Revolution takes into account the new archival and other evidence that has come to light since then, incorporating material that was previously inaccessible not only to Western but also to Soviet historians Starting with an overview of the roots of the revolution, Fitzpatrick takes the story from 1917, through Stalin's 'revolution from above', to the great purges of the 1930s. She tells a gripping story of a Marxist revolution that was intended to transform the world, visited enormous suffering on the Russian people, and, like the French Revolution before it, ended up by devouring its own children. |
| collectivization russia: The War Against the Peasantry, 1927-1930 Lynne Viola, V. P. Danilov, N. A. Ivnitskii, Denis Kozlov, 2008-10-01 The collectivization of Soviet agriculture in the late 1920s and 1930s forever altered the country’s social and economic landscape. It became the first of a series of bloody landmarks that would come to define Stalinism. This revelatory book presents—with analysis and commentary—the most important primary Soviet documents dealing with the brutal economic and cultural subjugation of the Russian peasantry. Drawn from previously unavailable and in many cases unknown archives, these harrowing documents provide the first unimpeded view of the experience of the peasantry during the years 1927-1930.The book, the first of four in the series, covers the background of collectivization, its violent implementation, and the mass peasant revolt that ensued. For its insights into the horrific fate of the Russian peasantry and into Stalin’s dictatorship, The War Against the Peasantry takes its place an as unparalleled resource. |
| collectivization russia: Hammer, Sickle, and Soil Jonathan Daly, 2017-10-01 In Hammer, Sickle, and Soil, Jonathan Daly tells the harrowing story of Stalin's transformation of millions of family farms throughout the USSR into 250,000 collective farms during the period from 1929 to 1933. History's biggest experiment in social engineering at the time and the first example of the complete conquest of the bulk of a population by its rulers, the policy was above all intended to bring to Russia Marx's promised bright future of socialism. In the process, however, it caused widespread peasant unrest, massive relocations, and ultimately led to millions dying in the famine of 1932–33. Drawing on scholarly studies and primary-source collections published since the opening of the Soviet archives three decades ago, now, for the first time, this volume offers an accessible and accurate narrative for the general reader. The book is illustrated with propaganda posters from the period that graphically portray the drama and trauma of the revolution in Soviet agriculture under Stalin. In chilling detail the author describes how the havoc and destruction wrought in the countryside sowed the seeds of destruction of the entire Soviet experiment. |
| collectivization russia: Women, Land Rights and Rural Development Esther Kingston-Mann, 2018-01-17 The failure to include gender in the economic history of rural development has severely limited our understanding of privatizing, collectivist and colonial economic policies that disrupted and transformed the lives of rural women and men in the modern world. This book is unique in its focus on female economic agency, and in its exploration of the latter virtue in comparative historical perspective. It presents the apparently disparate cases of 17th-century England, 20th-century Russia and the Soviet Union, and 20th-century Kenya, as their top-down modernization projects were implemented in similar fashion --particularly in the case of women. The female half of the population was largely absent from contemporary economic databases, but nevertheless stereotyped as obstacles to rational economic decision-making. Introducing rural women and their innovations into male-centered narratives of economic history lays the foundation for a more demographically balanced and realistic understanding of rural behavior and rural development. In this study, women’s labor and land claims are the lens through which both female agency and the delegitimizing of women’s land claims become more visible. Both policy-makers and their leading critics deployed virtually identical language to describe backward, unruly and invariably “unsightly” peasant women. |
| collectivization russia: The Russian Tragedy: The Burden of History Hugh Ragsdale, 2016-09-16 This work provides an interpretive history of Russia from earliest times to today, recounting the story of Russia's past. It discusses Russia's strengths and weaknesses as a civilization, and the challenges posed by the contemporary effort to remake Russia. |
| collectivization russia: CDS - General Knowledge and English Ajit Singh, 2023-09-22 This book deals with the whole gamut of General Knowledge and English that an aspirant requires to prepare for CDS/AFA/INA/AFCAT and any other Graduate and above level exam held by UPSC. As it contains detailed notes on Indian History, Geography and Indian Polity followed by MCQs that have appeared in various competitive exams it would prove to be very useful for other competitive exams as well. Besides notes on each topic, it has over 7000 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on various subjects as per the syllabus. This book on ‘General Knowledge & English’ has been written after lot of research and contains MCQs that have appeared in previous 20 years question papers, of CDS. The detailed notes on History, Geography and Indian Polity with MCQs and MCQs on Indian Economy, Indian Culture, Environment, General Science and Defence & Para Military will prove to be very useful for all other Competitive Exams conducted by UPSC. In addition, in the English Chapter, besides 20 solved question papers of English, Antonyms, Synonyms, One Word and Idioms & phrases that have appeared in various exams have also been included. |
| collectivization russia: Rural Land Takings Law in Modern China Chun Peng, 2018-04-19 A contextualized and critical reading of the origin and evolution of China's rural land takings law. |
| collectivization russia: Russia and the USSR, 1900-1995 Tony Downey, Nigel Smith, 1996 This engaging book explores Russia's political movements, economic upheavals, and social turbulence through this century of change. |
| collectivization russia: Nationalism And Policy Toward The Nationalities In The Soviet Union Gerhard Simon, 2019-04-11 This book examines Soviet nationalities policy from the 1920s to the present. Tracing nationalities policy to its roots in Bolshevik efforts to arrest the decay of the Russian Empire, Dr Simon looks at the evolution of Soviet policy, analyzes the reactions of non-Russian peoples to the policies and discusses the forms of expression and the goals of |
| collectivization russia: Architecture at the End of the Earth William Craft Brumfield, 2015-05-29 Carpeted in boreal forests, dotted with lakes, cut by rivers, and straddling the Arctic Circle, the region surrounding the White Sea, which is known as the Russian North, is sparsely populated and immensely isolated. It is also the home to architectural marvels, as many of the original wooden and brick churches and homes in the region's ancient villages and towns still stand. Featuring nearly two hundred full color photographs of these beautiful centuries-old structures, Architecture at the End of the Earth is the most recent addition to William Craft Brumfield's ongoing project to photographically document all aspects of Russian architecture. The architectural masterpieces Brumfield photographed are diverse: they range from humble chapels to grand cathedrals, buildings that are either dilapidated or well cared for, and structures repurposed during the Soviet era. Included are onion-domed wooden churches such as the Church of the Dormition, built in 1674 in Varzuga; the massive walled Transfiguration Monastery on Great Solovetsky Island, which dates to the mid-1550s; the Ferapontov-Nativity Monastery's frescoes, painted in 1502 by Dionisy, one of Russia's greatest medieval painters; nineteenth-century log houses, both rustic and ornate; and the Cathedral of St. Sophia in Vologda, which was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible in the 1560s. The text that introduces the photographs outlines the region's significance to Russian history and culture. Brumfield is challenged by the immense difficulty of accessing the Russian North, and recounts traversing sketchy roads, crossing silt-clogged rivers on barges and ferries, improvising travel arrangements, being delayed by severe snowstorms, and seeing the region from the air aboard the small planes he needs to reach remote areas. The buildings Brumfield photographed, some of which lie in near ruin, are at constant risk due to local indifference and vandalism, a lack of maintenance funds, clumsy restorations, or changes in local and national priorities. Brumfield is concerned with their futures and hopes that the region's beautiful and vulnerable achievements of master Russian carpenters will be preserved. Architecture at the End of the Earth is at once an art book, a travel guide, and a personal document about the discovery of this bleak but beautiful region of Russia that most readers will see here for the first time. |
| collectivization russia: Politics and the Russian Army Brian D. Taylor, 2003-06-09 Military coups have plagued many countries around the world, but Russia, despite its tumultuous history, has not experienced a successful military coup in over two centuries. In a series of detailed case studies, Brian Taylor explains the political role of the Russian military. Drawing on a wealth of new material, including archives and interviews, Taylor discusses every case of actual or potential military intervention in Russian politics from Peter the Great to Vladimir Putin. Taylor analyzes in particular detail the army's behavior during the political revolutions that marked the beginning and end of the twentieth century, two periods when the military was, uncharacteristically, heavily involved in domestic politics. He argues that a common thread unites the late-Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet Russian army: an organizational culture that believes that intervention against the country's political leadership - whether tsar, general secretary, or president - is fundamentally illegitimate. |
| collectivization russia: Problems of Communism , 1991 |
| collectivization russia: Russia's Bitter Path to Modernity Alexander Chubarov, 2001-01-01 Will it follow the model of the Western capitalist democracies, as those who applied the economic shock therapy of the early 90s hoped, or will it chose its own distinct path of development? In this history of Russia from 1917 to the present, Alexander Chubarov teases out certain themes developed in his previous book on tsarist Russia (The Fragile Empire). One of the key factors to Russia's distinctiveness is its halfway location in the center of the Eurasian landmass. This lends an inevitability to the traditional cultural schism between Westernizing reformers and Slavophiles. Neither approach, says Chubarov, will work on its own. Chubarov offers a balanced view, abstaining from narrow, ideologically biased assessments, and examines the triumphs (yes) and failures of Russia's Soviet development within Russia's own cultural and historical context. Without ever minimizing the brutalities of the Soviet period-the state terror, the collectivizations, the labor camps, the deportations of whole peoples-Chubarov demonstrates much continuity between tsarist and Soviet Russia, with the latter often repeating the former's mistakes. Russia, says Chubarov, cannot turn its back on its Soviet experience. Far from being a blind alley or aberrant phase, the Soviet period was an organic part of Russia history and was largely successful in turning Russia and most of the other Soviet republics into modern states.> |
| collectivization russia: Russia Lesley Pitman, 1994 Annotation. A comprehensive bibliography that covers the broad range of English- language scholarly books on Russia and the USSR which have appeared in recent years. A completely revised version of the 1979 edition, it contains 1,274 annotated main entries. While history, politics, and literature are covered in depth, other important contemporary issues such as the nationalities question are considered, as are subjects of more general interest including art and music, sport and cookery. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR. |
| collectivization russia: The Russian Revolution Walter Rodney, 2018-07-10 A never-before published history of the Russian Bolshevik Revolution and its post-colonial legacy, woven together from lecture excerpts by the renowned Pan-African revolutionary socialist theorist In his short life, Guyanese intellectual Walter Rodney emerged as one of the foremost thinkers and activists of the anticolonial revolution, leading movements in North America, Africa, and the Caribbean. Wherever he was, Rodney was a lightning rod for working-class Black Power organizing. His deportation sparked Jamaica’s Rodney Riots in 1968, and his scholarship trained a generation how to approach politics on an international scale. In 1980, shortly after founding the Working People’s Alliance in Guyana, the 38-year-old Rodney was assassinated. Walter Rodney’s The Russian Revolution collects surviving texts from a series of lectures he delivered at the University of Dar es Salaam, an intellectual hub of the independent Third World. It had been his intention to work these into a book, a goal completed posthumously with the editorial aid of Robin D.G. Kelley and Jesse Benjamin. Moving across the historiography of the long Russian Revolution with clarity and insight, Rodney transcends the ideological fault lines of the Cold War. Surveying a broad range of subjects—the Narodniks, social democracy, the October Revolution, civil war, and the challenges of Stalinism—Rodney articulates a distinct viewpoint from the Third World, one that grounds revolutionary theory and history with the people in motion. |
| collectivization russia: The Age of the Dictators D.G. Williamson, 2013-11-05 The Age of the Dictators presents a comprehensive survey of the origins and interrelationship of the European dictatorships. All the regimes are addressed, with ample coverage of the period 1939-45, and analysis of the Soviet government up to Stalin’s death in 1953. Exploring their ideological and political roots, and the role of the First World War in their rise to power, David Williams identifies the dictatorships as products of their time. He examines the Soviet, Italian Fascist and Nazi dictatorships, as well as the authoritarian regimes in Spain, Portugal, Eastern Europe and the Balkans, providing an analysis of each as an entity, of how they evolved and related to one another, and to what extent they were a common response to life after the First World War. Mindful of historiographical issues, the textbook attends to the arguments of key historians, and includes a list of relevant sources to assist students in their study of the period. Combining an accessible, succinct writing style with a broad historical scope, The Age of the Dictators is an illuminating and thorough account of a fascinating period in world history. |
| collectivization russia: Family Farms: Survival and Prospect Harold Brookfield, Helen Parsons, 2007-11-08 This book surveys the social conditions of family farming across the world and the conditions of its survival into the twenty-first century. |
| collectivization russia: Ukrainian Famine of 1932 and 1933 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, 1984 |
| collectivization russia: Russians: 4 in 1 Leaders of Soviet Russia 1917–1991 A.J.Kingston, 2023 Are you interested in the fascinating history of Soviet Russia? Do you want to understand the individuals who shaped one of the most powerful nations of the 20th century? Then look no further than Russians: 4 in 1 Leaders of Soviet Russia 1917–1991. This book offers a comprehensive examination of the lives and legacies of the four most influential leaders in Russian history: Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev, and Mikhail Gorbachev. Through detailed explorations of their ideologies, policies, and the events that defined their respective tenures in power, this book provides an insightful look at the forces that shaped modern Russia. From Lenin's establishment of the Bolshevik government to Stalin's brutal purges, Khrushchev's reforms, and Gorbachev's attempts at perestroika and glasnost, each leader's impact on Soviet Russia is examined in depth. Through their stories, readers can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of the Soviet system and the challenges faced by those who sought to lead it. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in Russian history, politics, or the global events of the 20th century. It is a rich and engaging exploration of the lives of the individuals who shaped one of the most powerful nations of the modern era, and their legacies that continue to resonate to this day. Order your copy of Russians: 4 in 1 Leaders of Soviet Russia 1917–1991 today and discover the fascinating story of these four remarkable leaders. |
| collectivization russia: Modernization from the Other Shore David C. Engerman, 2004-01-15 From the late 19th century to the eve of World War II, America’s experts on Russia watched as Russia and the USSR embarked on a course of rapid industrialization. In his examination of this era, Engerman underscores the key role economic development played in America's understanding of Russia and explores its profound effects on U.S. policy. |
Collectivization in the Soviet Union - Wikipedia
The Soviet Union introduced collectivization (Russian: Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940. It began during and was part of the first five-year plan.
Collectivization | Definition & Facts | Britannica Money
collectivization, policy adopted by the Soviet government, pursued most intensively between 1929 and 1933, to transform traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to reduce the economic …
Collectivization in the Soviet Union - New World Encyclopedia
The Soviet Union introduced the collectivization (Russian: Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the Premiereship of Joseph Stalin. It was part of the first …
Collectivization in the USSR: How Did It Work? | TheCollector
Apr 8, 2025 · From the 1920s onward, the Soviet Union began the process of industrialization with an aggressive policy known as collectivization. However, transforming the rural economy over …
Stalin’s Policy of Collectivisation and the Soviet Famines: A ...
Mar 28, 2023 · Stalin’s policy of collectivisation was a radical transformation of the Soviet economy and society in the 1930s. The policy aimed to consolidate small, individual farms into …
Collectivization in the USSR: How the Russian peasantry was …
Aug 25, 2017 · Collectivization entailed major reforms of the agricultural sector in the Soviet Union. Starting in 1927, collectivization was aimed at consolidating individual peasant …
COLLECTIVIZATION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
COLLECTIVIZATION definition: 1. the organization of all of a country's production and industry so that it is owned and managed…. Learn more.
Collectivization – Seventeen Moments in Soviet History
Having supervised the application of “extraordinary” (read, coercive) measures in the Urals and western Siberia during the winter of 1927-1928, Stalin hit on the idea of organizing collective …
Collectivism | Encyclopedia.com
Jun 8, 2018 · Collectivization was meant to transform the rural sector, replacing communal forms of peasant land tenure and small, private farms, as well as ridding the countryside of a rural …
Collectivization - (AP European History) - Vocab, Definition
Collectivization was a policy implemented primarily in the Soviet Union during the late 1920s and 1930s, aimed at consolidating individual landholdings and labor into collective farms.
Notes on the Background of Soviet Collectivisation Metal …
Russia's offices in 1929. Industrial workers were granted this role because the state saw in them a trustworthy ally. Industrial workers, and especially cadre (kadrovye) workers (or workers with …
The Industrialization of Soviet Russia. By R. W. Davies. Press
The Industrialization of Soviet Russia. By R. W. Davies. Vol. 1: The Socialist Offensive: The Collectivization of Soviet Agriculture, 1929-1930. Vol. 2: The Soviet Collec- ... 1930. The first, …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 Silvio Pons,Robert Service The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia 1: Socialist …
DAV BR PUBLIC SCHOOL, BINA SESSION 2023-24 …
Who started 'Collectivization Programme in Russia? (a) Vladimir Lenin (b) Joseph Stalin (c) Winston Churchill (d) Joseph Andrew 1 6. Identify the distinct feature of the Peninsular Plateau. • Volcanic …
The '25,000ers': A Study in a Soviet Recruitment Campaign
Soviet Russia was swept into revolution during the period of the First Five Year Plan. The atmosphere of the country resembled that of a state under siege and brought to mind images of …
History 478: Stalin and After: The Soviet Union and Russia, …
History 478: Stalin and After: The Soviet Union and Russia, 1929-2009 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Fall 2009 Instructor: Professor Donald J. Raleigh, Hamilton Hall 410, 962-8077, ...
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 Martin Malia The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but agriculture was in a …
STALIN, PROPAGANDA AND SOVIET SOCIETY DURING THE …
culture’ was able to survive in Stalin’s Russia. Spying on the Nation Ironically, it is largely thanks to Stalin’s secret police (the NKVD) and the surveillance organs of the Communist Party that we …
Collectivization and FYP…
Here is a summary of Stalin’s Economic Aim – Motives and Means… in 1928: AIM • A Second Revolution to modernize Russia MOTIVES • To confirm his authority as a leader by getting rid of …
Revolution, Civil War - Department of History
Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times : Soviet Russia in the 1930s.New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in …
Russian Collectivization George Beers - Master and Margarita
starvation, and death. The effects of Stalin's collectivization resulted in mass disruption of agricultural productivity and incalculable human losses. Joseph Stalin started to enforce his ideas …
Stalin, Grain Stocks and the Famine of 1932-1933
See S.G. Wheatcroft, "Grain Production and Utilisation in Russia and the USSR before Collectivisation," Ph.D. thesis (CREES, University of Birmingham, 1980), 561-65. 644 Slavic …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Jul 14, 2023 · 2 W. Davies The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
crisis: in 1928 and 1929 grain to feed the towns was The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 …
The Holodomor - State University of New York
the Russia. During the 1930’s, Ukrainians found themselves under the control of the Soviet Union. As a result of the proud, mostly peasant farming citizens, the country ... the Soviet government …
Red Army Opposition to Forced Collectivization, 1929 …
Red Army Opposition to Forced Collectivization, 1929-1930: The Army Wavers Roger R. Reese Some years ago, in his biography of Nikolai Bukharin, Stephen Cohen ... Russia Military …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 David J. O'Brien,Stephen K. Wegren The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but …
Some Suggestions Regarding the Study of Russian Peasant …
collectivization peasant society was little more than a procession of works concerning the nature and significance of the Great Russian mir. Experts adhered faithfully to an unspoken stipulation …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 DP Hallahan ... The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Industrialisation of Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but agriculture was in a profound crisis: in 1928 …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but agriculture was in a profound crisis: in …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 full book, it can give you a taste of the authors writing … The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The …
BHIE-145 BACHELOR'S OF ARTS HISTORY (BAG) …
Analyse collectivization policy in Russia and discuss the response of peasants towards the collectivization. 10 Assignments III Answer the following in about 100 words each. 6. The …
AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVIZATION AND SOCIALIST …
leaders, it is argued, agricultural collectivization is inevitable and the open questions are simply the form and pace of implementation. A closer review of the record suggests a far more complex …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but …
Moving to Moscow: Patterns of Peasant In-Migration during the …
cion that accompanied collectivization forced many peasants to abandon their villages for the city. Between late 1929 and the end of 1931, Soviet authorities had deported some 1.4 million …
The Industrialization and Economic Development of …
This paper studies the structural transformation of Russia in 1885-1940 from an agrarian to an industrial economy through the lens of a two-sector neoclassical growth model. We construct a …
Economics of Collectivization - JSTOR
up the views of a defender of the Soviet collectivization, Professor E. H. Carr, as expressed in his paper 'The Road to Collectivization' presented to the Conference on the USSR, held in April i965 …
Cultural Revolution in Russia 1928-32 - JSTOR
Feb 8, 2022 · trialization, total collectivization of agriculture) associated with the First Five-Year Plan - another aspect of the con-quest of 'proletarian hegemony' and the extension of party …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 Martin Malia The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. …
CommunistandPost-CommunistStudies,Vol.30,No.3,pp.321 …
collectivization and famine homicides (Anderson and Silver, 1985, p. 523), provided that the data are adjusted for age heaping, and intercensus mortality rates are held at the 1926-1927 level, …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
The Collectivization Of Soviet … Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but agriculture was in a profound …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
The Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 Silvio Pons,Robert Service The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet …
The American Tractor Comes to Soviet Agriculture: The …
quickly and on such a vast scale as was the tractor in Soviet Russia. In the course of ten years the tractor changed from a curiosity to a standard unit of power; in 1924 there were only about 1,000 …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Nov 17, 2023 · Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
wrested from the peasants by force, and The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet …
THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE: ETHNICITY POLICY IN …
The Presence of Absence: Ethnicity Policy in Russia . 1. Peter Rutland . Even though nationalism as an analytical category and political practice has been widely condemned in recent decades, the …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but agriculture was in a profound crisis: in …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
The Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 full book , it can give you a taste … The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 full book, it can give you a taste of the authors writing … The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
way, but agriculture was in a profound crisis: in 1928 and 1929 The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
The Man-Made Famine of 1932-1933 in Soviet Ukraine …
The scope of collectivization that was proclaimed caught every one, including the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU) and state of ficials, by surprise. In the autumn of 1929, several months before …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Russia 1 The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet Agriculture Vol 1 Martin Malia The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Oct 8, 2023 · The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but …
The Socialist Offensive The Collectivization Of Soviet …
Collectivization Of Soviet … 2 Russia 1: Socialist Offensive R. W. Davies,1980-07-30 By the summer of 1929 Soviet industrialisation was well under way, but agriculture was in a profound crisis: in …
