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| competence in swahili: Swahili State and Society Ali AlʼAmin Mazrui, Alamin M. Mazrui, Alamin Mazrui, 1995 This text examines the social and political impact of the Swahili language. |
| competence in swahili: Kisisi (Our Language) Perry Gilmore, 2015-10-12 Recognized as a finalist for the CAE 2018 Outstanding Book Award! Part historic ethnography, part linguistic case study and part a mother’s memoir, Kisisi tells the story of two boys (Colin and Sadiki) who, together invented their own language, and of the friendship they shared in postcolonial Kenya. Documents and examines the invention of a ‘new’ language between two boys in postcolonial Kenya Offers a unique insight into child language development and use Presents a mixed genre narrative and multidisciplinary discussion that describes the children’s border-crossing friendship and their unique and innovative private language Beautifully written by one of the foremost scholars in child development, language acquisition and education, the book provides a seamless blending of the personal and the ethnographic The story of Colin and Sadiki raises profound questions and has direct implications for many fields of study including child language acquisition and socialization, education, anthropology, and the anthropology of childhood |
| competence in swahili: Language and National Identity in Africa Andrew Simpson, 2008-02-07 This book focuses on language, culture, and national identity in Africa. Leading specialists examine countries in every part of the continent - Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, Senegal, Mali, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanbia, South Africa, and the nations of the Horn, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia. Each chapter describes and examines the country's linguistic and political history and the relation of its languages to national, ethnic, and cultural identities, and assesses the relative status of majority and minority languages and the role of language in ethnic conflict. Of the book's authors, fifteen are from Africa and seven from Europe and the USA. Jargon-free, fully referenced, and illustrated with seventeen maps, this book will be of value to a wide range of readers in linguistics, politics, history, sociology, and anthropology. It will interest everyone wishing to understand the dynamic interactions between language and politics in Africa, in the past and now. |
| competence in swahili: Kenyan English Alfred Buregeya, 2019-08-05 English in Kenya is a stable post-colonial variety that is used as an inter-ethnic lingua franca in private domains, is the medium of instruction as well as the language spoken in parliament and court rooms. Yet so far no comprehensive research monograph on Kenyan English has been published that surveys its characteristic linguistic features. The present book closes this gap by giving a full description of the characteristic linguistic features of Kenyan English. The book provides an in-depth overview of Kenyan English phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics and also gives a meticulous account of the diachronic evolution of this post-colonial variety. |
| competence in swahili: Multilingual Learning: Assessment, Ideologies and Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa Colin Reilly, Feliciano Chimbutane, John Clegg, Casmir Rubagumya, Elizabeth J. Erling, 2023-11-30 This edited volume provides the follow up to Erling et al.’s (2021) Multilingual Learning and Language Supportive Pedagogies in Sub-Saharan Africa. The strategies put forward in Volume 1 included multilingual pedagogies that allow students to draw on their full linguistic repertoires, translanguaging and other language-supportive pedagogies. While there is great traction in the pedagogical strategies proposed in Volume 1, limited progress has been made in terms of multilingual education in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Thus, the main focus of this follow-up volume is to explore the question of why former colonial languages and monolingual approaches continue to be used as the dominant languages of education, even when we have multilingual pedagogies and materials that could and do work and despite substantial evidence that learners have difficulties when taught in a language they do not understand. This book offers perspectives to answer this question through focusing on the internal and external pressures which impact the capacity for implementing multilingual strategies in educational contexts at regional, national and community levels. Chapters provide insights into how to better understand and work within these contemporary constraints and challenge dominant monoglossic discourses which inhibit the implementation of multilingual education in SSA. The volume focuses on three main areas which have proven to be stumbling blocks to the effective implementation of multilingual education to date, namely: assessment, ideology and policy. An insightful collection that will be of great interest to academics, researchers and practitioners in the fields of language education, language-in-education policy and educational assessments in the wide range of multilingual contexts in Africa. |
| competence in swahili: Language Ideological Debates Jan Blommaert, 2010-12-14 No detailed description available for Language Ideological Debates. |
| competence in swahili: Language Learning and Forced Migration Marte Monsen, Guri Bordal Steien, 2022-09-12 This pioneering piece of research on the situated study of language issues in the context of forced migration provides interdisciplinary insights into language as learned, used and lived by 12 Congolese refugees in Norway. It offers an innovative contribution to the field of SLA by bringing together structural, cognitive, social and critical approaches to data collected among the same individuals, these individuals being underrepresented within the field of SLA research as both refugees and learners whose experiences with language stem from the Global South. Their histories of mobility and their learning contexts are rarely reflected in theories and concepts from the Global North and this book thus makes a much-needed contribution to the field. |
| competence in swahili: The Power of Babel Ali A. Mazrui, Alamin M. Mazrui, Alamin Mazrui, 1998-08-03 Linguists estimate that there are currently nearly 2,000 languages in Africa, a staggering figure that is belied by the relatively few national languages. While African national politics, economics, and law are all conducted primarily in the colonial languages, the cultural life of the majority of citizens is conducted in a bewildering Babel of local and regional dialects, making language itself the center of debates over multiculturalism, gender studies, and social theory. In The Power of Babel, the noted Africanist scholar Ali Mazrui and linguist Alamin Mazrui explore this vast territory of African language. The Power of Babel is one of the first comprehensive studies of the complex linguistic constellations of Africa. It draws on Ali Mazrui's earlier work in its examination of the triple heritage of African culture, in which indigenous, Islamic, and Western traditions compete for influence. In bringing the idea of the triple heritage to language, the Mazruis unravel issues of power, culture, and modernity as they are embedded in African linguistic life. The first section of the book takes a global perspective, exploring such issues as the Eurocentrism of much linguistic scholarship on Africa; part two takes an African perspective on a variety of issues from the linguistically disadvantaged position of women in Africa to the relation of language policy and democratic development; the third section presents a set of regional studies, centering on the Swahili language's exemplification of the triple heritage.The Power of Babel unites empirical information with theories of nationalism and pluralism—among others—to offer the richest contextual account of African languages to date. |
| competence in swahili: Language in Kenya ... Wilfred Howell Whiteley, 1974 This second volume in the series is the result of research by an interdisciplinary team of international scholars, all with a particular interest in Kenya. The first part of the book contains a comprehensive classification of Kenyan languages, looks at their distribution, and studies some special language situations. The second part is concerned with language use, including the special status of Swahili, and discusses both the effects of urbanization and education, and patterns of bilingualism. The third part analyses the organization of language teaching and teacher training in Kenya. |
| competence in swahili: Language, Discourse and Participation Irmi Maral-Hanak, 2009 This study presents challenging findings on language choice and discourse formation in participatory development co-operation. Situated in the framework of two rural development programs in Tanzania, it questions multilingual routines in development co-operation and deals with issues of linguistic exclusion in postcolonial societies. At the same time, it demonstrates how development objectives are negotiated at grass-root level, addressing persistent questions of agency in donor-driven planning processes. |
| competence in swahili: Doing Critical Literacy Hilary Janks, Kerryn Dixon, Ana Ferreira, Stella Granville, Denise Newfield, 2013-07-18 Compelling and highly engaging, this text shows teachers at all levels how to do critical literacy in the classroom and provides models for practice that can be adapted to any context. Integrating social theory and classroom practice, it brings critical literacy to life as a socio-cultural orientation to the teaching of literacy that takes seriously the relationship between language and power and orients readers to the social effects of texts. Students and teachers are drawn into the key questions critical readers need to pose of texts: Whose interests are served, who benefits, who is disadvantaged; who is included and who is excluded? The practical activities help readers grasp complex issues. Extending the theoretical framework in Hilary Janks’ Literacy and Power with a rich range of completely new, up-to-date activities that translate theory into practice, Doing Critical Literacy is powerful, relevant, and useful for both pre- and in-service teacher education and for use in schools. |
| competence in swahili: Swahili language guide for travelers YouGuide Ltd, |
| competence in swahili: Routledge Revivals: Language in Tanzania (1980) Edgar C. Polomé, C. P. Hill, 2017-09-29 Originally published in 1980, Language in Tanzania presents a comprehensive overview of the Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in Eastern Africa. Using extensive research carried out by an interdisciplinary group of international and local scholars, the survey also covers Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia. The book represents one of the most in-depth sociolinguistic studies carried out on this region at this time. It provides basic linguistic data necessary to policy-makers, administrators, and educators, and will be of interest to those researching the formulation and execution of language policy. |
| competence in swahili: Expanding the Linguistic Landscape Martin Pütz, Neele-Frederike Mundt, 2018-12-20 This book provides a forum for theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions to research on language(s), multimodality and public space, which will advance new ways of understanding the sociocultural, ideological and historical role of communication practices and experienced lives in a globalised world. Linguistic Landscape is viewed as a metaphor and expanded to include a wide variety of discursive modalities: imagery, non-verbal communication, silence, tactile and aural communication, graffiti, smell, etc. The chapters in this book cover a range of geographical locations, and capture the history, motives, uses, causes, ideologies, communication practices and conflicts of diverse forms of languages as they may be observed in public spaces of the physical environment. The book is anchored in a variety of theories, methodologies and frameworks, from economics, politics and sociology to linguistics and applied linguistics, literacy and education, cultural geography and human rights. |
| competence in swahili: Resources in Education , 1997-05 |
| competence in swahili: Learning Languages, Being Social Susanne Mohr, Lindsay Ferrara, 2024-08-05 This book addresses increasingly diverse language learning trajectories in a modern, globalized world, specifically outside of formal classroom situations and with respect to second and additional language practices. This includes, but is not restricted to, intersections of formal and informal learning, computer-mediated contexts as well as family contexts and language learning in multilingual contexts. The book provides a current and specifically anthropological view on the second and additional language acquisition in non-school settings through various studies. It is unique in its focus and scope and is relevant to anthropologists and linguists, who are interested in the intersection of language and culture. |
| competence in swahili: Futureproofing Engineering Education for Global Responsibility Michael E. Auer, Tiia Rüütmann, 2025-03-20 This book contains papers in the fields of: Green transition in education. New generation of engineering students. Entrepreneurship in engineering education. Open education best practices. Project-based learning (PBL). Teaching best practices. We are currently witnessing a significant transformation in the development of education on all levels and especially in post-secondary and higher education. To face these challenges, higher education must find innovative and effective ways to respond in a proper way. Changes have been made in the way we teach and learn, including the massive use of new means of communication, such as videoconferencing and other technological tools. Moreover, the current explosion of artificial intelligence tools is challenging teaching practices maintained for centuries. Scientifically based statements as well as excellent best practice examples are necessary for effective teaching and learning engineering. The 27th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2024) and 53rd Conference of International Society for Engineering Pedagogy (IGIP), which took place in Tallinn, Estonia, between September 24 and 27, 2024, was the perfect place where current trends in Higher Education were presented and discussed. IGIP conferences have been held since 1972 on research results and best practices in teaching and learning from the point of view of engineering pedagogy science. ICL conferences have been held since 1998 being devoted to new approaches in learning with a focus on collaborative learning in higher education. Nowadays, the ICL conferences are a forum of the exchange of relevant trends and research results as well as the presentation of practical experiences in learning and engineering pedagogy. In this way, we try to bridge the gap between ‘pure’ scientific research and the everyday work of educators. Interested readership includes policymakers, academics, educators, researchers in pedagogy and learning theory, schoolteachers, learning industry, further and continuing education lecturers, etc. |
| competence in swahili: National Conference on the Teaching of African Languages and Area Studies John G. Bordie, 1960 |
| competence in swahili: Politics, Language, and Thought David D. Laitin, 1977-05 When the Somali Republic received independence, its parliamentary government decided to adopt three official languages: English, Italian, and Arabic—all languages of foreign contact. Since the vast majority of the nation's citizens spoke a single language, Somali, which then had no written form, this decision made governing exceedingly difficult. Selecting any one language was equally problematic, however, because those who spoke the official language would automatically become the privileged class. Twelve years after independence, a military government was able to settle the acrimonious controversy by announcing that Somali would be the official language and Latin the basic script. It was hoped that this choice would foster political equality and strengthen the national culture. Politics, Language, and Thought is an exploration of how language and politics interrelate in the Somali Republic. Using both historical and experimental evidence, David D. Laitin demonstrates that the choice of an official language may significantly affect the course of a country's political development. Part I of Laitin's study is an attempt to explain why the parliamentary government was incapable of reaching agreement on a national script and to assess the social and political consequences of the years of nondecision. Laitin shows how the imposition of nonindigenous languages produced inequalities which eroded the country's natural social basis of democracy. Part 2 attempts to relate language to political thought and political culture. Analyzing interviews and role-playing sessions among Somali bilingual students, Laitin demonstrates that the impact of certain political concepts is quite different when expressed in different languages. He concludes that the implications of choosing a language are far more complex than previously thought, because to change the language of a people is to change the ways they think and act politically. |
| competence in swahili: Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , 2005-11-24 The first edition of ELL (1993, Ron Asher, Editor) was hailed as the field's standard reference work for a generation. Now the all-new second edition matches ELL's comprehensiveness and high quality, expanded for a new generation, while being the first encyclopedia to really exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics. * The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field * An entirely new work, with new editors, new authors, new topics and newly commissioned articles with a handful of classic articles * The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics through the online edition * Ground-breaking and International in scope and approach * Alphabetically arranged with extensive cross-referencing * Available in print and online, priced separately. The online version will include updates as subjects develop ELL2 includes: * c. 7,500,000 words * c. 11,000 pages * c. 3,000 articles * c. 1,500 figures: 130 halftones and 150 colour * Supplementary audio, video and text files online * c. 3,500 glossary definitions * c. 39,000 references * Extensive list of commonly used abbreviations * List of languages of the world (including information on no. of speakers, language family, etc.) * Approximately 700 biographical entries (now includes contemporary linguists) * 200 language maps in print and online Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics Ground-breaking in scope - wider than any predecessor An invaluable resource for researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of: linguistics, anthropology, education, psychology, language acquisition, language pathology, cognitive science, sociology, the law, the media, medicine & computer science. The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field |
| competence in swahili: The Oxford Handbook of African Languages Rainer Vossen, Gerrit J. Dimmendaal, 2020-03-19 This book provides a comprehensive overview of current research in African languages, drawing on insights from anthropological linguistics, typology, historical and comparative linguistics, and sociolinguistics. Africa is believed to host at least one third of the world's languages, usually classified into four phyla - Niger-Congo, Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, and Khoisan - which are then subdivided into further families and subgroupings. This volume explores all aspects of research in the field, beginning with chapters that cover the major domains of grammar and comparative approaches. Later parts provide overviews of the phyla and subfamilies, alongside grammatical sketches of eighteen representative African languages of diverse genetic affiliation. The volume additionally explores multiple other topics relating to African languages and linguistics, with a particular focus on extralinguistic issues: language, cognition, and culture, including colour terminology and conversation analysis; language and society, including language contact and endangerment; language and history; and language and orature. This wide-ranging handbook will be a valuable reference for scholars and students in all areas of African linguistics and anthropology, and for anyone interested in descriptive, documentary, typological, and comparative linguistics. |
| competence in swahili: Kenya, a Country Study Harold D. Nelson, 1984 Research completed June 1983. |
| competence in swahili: Along the Routes to Power Martin Pütz, Joshua A. Fishman, JoAnne Neff-van Aertselaer, 2006 This volume grew out of the 30th International LAUD Symposium, held in 2004 at the University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany. It constitutes a collection of papers by prominent linguists who explore the interdisciplinary area of language and power. The papers focus on the theoretical and sociolinguistic problems related to the role of power in language policy and language planning situations in multilingual settings, code switches, and associated topics. The fate of African minority languages and their speakers is of particular concern. |
| competence in swahili: Concepts of Urban Language in Africa K. É Thomanek, 1996 |
| competence in swahili: On the Fault Line Jeffrey Herbst, 2012-01-26 Societies in all countries are split by major divisions - or 'faultlines' - caused by differences in race, religion, ethnicity, wealth, class or power. Like geological faultlines, some are plainly evident, whereas others are more concealed and can erupt with little warning. Violence along faultlines within states, from Sudan to Iraq to the Congo, is the spark of much contemporary conflict. It has cost millions of lives in the past twenty years alone. In extreme cases, this violence threatens to tear states apart. Yet some countries such as Canada, South Africa and Northern Ireland, have largely succeeded in managing their faultlines. On the Faultline is based on a unique year-long project by some of the world's leading experts to examine the nature of conflict around these divisions. In a world facing acute environmental, migration and resource challenges that can only exacerbate differences, it is an essential guide to understanding a phenomenon that all countries must grapple with in the 21st century. |
| competence in swahili: Languages and Cultures Edgar C. Polomé, Mohammad Ali Jazayery, Werner Winter, 1988 This collection of 64 papers by contributors throughout the world presents work from a variety of fields, primarily Indo-European linguistics and philology, and thus reflects the broad interests of Edgar C. Polomé. |
| competence in swahili: Language and Politics William M. O’Barr, 2019-07-22 The Contributions to the Sociology of Language series features publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It addresses the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches - theoretical and empirical - supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of scholars interested in language in society from a broad range of disciplines - anthropology, education, history, linguistics, political science, and sociology. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Natalie Fecher. |
| competence in swahili: Language Policies in Education James W. Tollefson, 2013 This new edition of takes a fresh look at enduring questions at the heart of fundamental debates about the role of schools in society, the links between education and employment, and conflicts between linguistic minorities and mainstream populations. |
| competence in swahili: The Transformative Materiality of Meaning-Making David Parkin, 2021-08-18 This book explores verbal and non-verbal communication from a social anthropological viewpoint, drawing on ethnographic data from fieldwork in East Africa. It gives an overview of developments since the 1960s in the anthropology of language use and how these have influenced the author’s thinking. The volume makes the argument that language and other forms of communication involve semiotic transactions between interlocuters; that such communicative exchanges do more than convey information; and that they give identity to the recipients of such transactions who reciprocate by defining speakers. The density and situational totality of such semiotic exchange can moreover be regarded as a kind of materiality, both in terms of their impact on social interaction and in how interlocuters interact bodily as well as verbally among themselves. |
| competence in swahili: Sociolinguistic Aspects of Language Learning and Teaching J. B. Pride, 1979 |
| competence in swahili: Language George Melville Bolling, Bernard Bloch, 1977 |
| competence in swahili: Political Culture of Language Ali AlʼAmin Mazrui, Alamin Mazrui, 1999 |
| competence in swahili: Kioo cha lugha , 2008 |
| competence in swahili: Kiswahili , 1991 |
| competence in swahili: State Ideology and Language in Tanzania Jan Blommaert, 2014-07-16 This book is a thoroughly revised version of the 1999 edition, which was welcomed at the time as a classic. It now extends the period of coverage to 2012 and includes an entirely new chapter on current developments, making this updated edition an essentia |
| competence in swahili: Habari ya English? What about Kiswahili? , 2015-04-28 |
| competence in swahili: Arabic Literature of Africa John O. Hunwick, Rex Séan O'Fahey, 1994 Annotation. A guide to the scholarly and literary production of Muslim writers of West Africa, other than Nigeria, including both biographies of scholars and lists of their writings. |
| competence in swahili: Autoethnographies of Plurilingualism Enrica Piccardo, Le Chen, 2024-09-30 This collection spotlights the authentic voices of plurilingual learners, bringing together autoethnographies of over twenty graduate students to deepen current understandings of lived experiences of plurilingualism. The volume begins with outlining foundational work on plurilingualism in language education up to this point, with the body of work on plurilingual subjectivities historically focusing on researchers’ and practitioners’ gazes, rather than students. The book moves into short autoethnographies of graduate students at the University of Toronto enrolled in a graduate education course over three years. Employing autoethnography as the primary methodology allows the space for privileging authentic voices of plurilingual learners in their own words, learners whose individual lived experiences are uniquely contextualized within the lens of plurilingual theory. The volume and diversity of perspectives showcased offer a unique window into the diversity and commonalities among plurilingual learners, offering opportunities for reflection on directions for future research. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in applied linguistics, language teaching and learning, and language education. |
| competence in swahili: The Nairobi Journal of Literature , 2003 |
| competence in swahili: Mehr Als Nur Worte-- Rainer Vossen, Angelika Mietzner, Antje Meissner, 2000 |
COMPETENCE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of COMPETENCE is the quality or state of being competent. How to use competence in a sentence.
COMPETENCE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
Her competence as a teacher is unquestionable. He reached a reasonable level of competence in his English. Students can prove their competence by performing well in the exam. The ideal …
What is Competence and Why is it Important? - Global Cognition
Sep 17, 2021 · Competence means that you have the ability to do something well. You are capable of performing a task or job effectively. Competence can include the knowledge and …
COMPETENCE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Competence definition: the quality of being competent; adequacy; possession of required skill, knowledge, qualification, or capacity.. See examples of COMPETENCE used in a sentence.
COMPETENCE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Competence is the ability to do something well or effectively. His competence as an economist had been reinforced by his successful fight against inflation. [ + as ]
competence noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of competence noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Competence - definition of competence by The Free Dictionary
Define competence. competence synonyms, competence pronunciation, competence translation, English dictionary definition of competence. n. 1. a. The ability to do something well or …
Competence vs. Competency – What’s the Difference?
Is it competence or competency? Competence and competency are variants of a noun that means a basic ability to perform a task. Competence is the better choice. Competency is used in …
What does Competence mean? - Definitions.net
Competence refers to the ability or skill required to perform a specific task, job, or function successfully. It involves having the necessary knowledge, capabilities, skills, and experience …
Competence - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
If you have competence, you're qualified or well prepared to do something. A driving test will show if you have competence behind the wheel.
COMPETENCE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of COMPETENCE is the quality or state of being competent. How to use competence in a sentence.
COMPETENCE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
Her competence as a teacher is unquestionable. He reached a reasonable level of competence in his English. Students can prove their competence by performing well in the exam. The ideal …
What is Competence and Why is it Important? - Global Cognition
Sep 17, 2021 · Competence means that you have the ability to do something well. You are capable of performing a task or job effectively. Competence can include the knowledge and …
COMPETENCE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Competence definition: the quality of being competent; adequacy; possession of required skill, knowledge, qualification, or capacity.. See examples of COMPETENCE used in a sentence.
COMPETENCE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Competence is the ability to do something well or effectively. His competence as an economist had been reinforced by his successful fight against inflation. [ + as ]
competence noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of competence noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Competence - definition of competence by The Free Dictionary
Define competence. competence synonyms, competence pronunciation, competence translation, English dictionary definition of competence. n. 1. a. The ability to do something well or …
Competence vs. Competency – What’s the Difference?
Is it competence or competency? Competence and competency are variants of a noun that means a basic ability to perform a task. Competence is the better choice. Competency is used in …
What does Competence mean? - Definitions.net
Competence refers to the ability or skill required to perform a specific task, job, or function successfully. It involves having the necessary knowledge, capabilities, skills, and experience …
Competence - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
If you have competence, you're qualified or well prepared to do something. A driving test will show if you have competence behind the wheel.
