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| coercive diplomacy: Forceful Persuasion Alexander L. George, 1991 George examines seven cases--from Pearl Harbor to the Persian Gulf--in which the United States has used coercive diplomacy in the past half-century. |
| coercive diplomacy: The United States and Coercive Diplomacy Robert J. Art, Patrick M. Cronin, 2003 As Robert Art makes clear in a groundbreaking conclusion, those results have been mixed at best. Art dissects the uneven performance of coercive diplomacy and explains why it has sometimes worked and why it has more often failed.--BOOK JACKET. |
| coercive diplomacy: Democracy and Coercive Diplomacy Kenneth A. Schultz, 2001-07-26 In this book, first published in 2001, Kenneth Schultz explores the effects of democratic politics on the use and success of coercive diplomacy. He argues that open political competition between the government and opposition parties influences the decision to use threats in international crises, how rival states interpret those threats, and whether or not crises can be settled short of war. The relative transparency of their political processes means that, while democratic governments cannot easily conceal domestic constraints against using force, they can also credibly demonstrate resolve when their threats enjoy strong domestic support. As a result, compared to their non-democratic counterparts, democracies are more selective about making threats, but those they do make are more likely to be successful - that is, to gain a favorable outcome without resort to war. Schultz develops his argument through a series of game-theoretic models and tests the resulting hypothesis using both statistical analyses and historical case studies. |
| coercive diplomacy: The Limits Of Coercive Diplomacy Alexander L George, William E Simons, 1994 |
| coercive diplomacy: Coercive Diplomacy, Sanctions and International Law Natalino Ronzitti, 2016-03-11 This volume explores sanctions as instruments of coercive diplomacy, delving into theoretical arguments and combining perspectives from international law and international relations scholars and practitioners. Primary questions include the compatibility and legitimacy of sanctions regimes, enforcement measures, including the role of sanctions committees, the practice of circumventing sanctions, and the relation with the ICC proceedings. Legal and institutional aspects of the practice of the European Union are addressed. The extraterritorial effects of national legislation implementing sanctions imposed by individual States are investigated. A focus is on the impact of sanctions on non-State actors. The connections with the protection of human rights and the adverse impact on individual rights are considered. The implementation of sanctions is addressed in view of their legal limitation and the concept of proportionality, their consequences upon existing treaties and contracts, their effectiveness, and their strategic implications. |
| coercive diplomacy: The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy Alexander L. George, David K. Hall, David Kent Hall, William E. Simons, 1971 |
| coercive diplomacy: Nuclear Weapons and Coercive Diplomacy Todd S. Sechser, Matthew Fuhrmann, 2017-01-16 Are nuclear weapons useful for coercive diplomacy? Since 1945, most strategic thinking about nuclear weapons has focused on deterrence - using nuclear threats to prevent attacks against the nation's territory and interests. But an often overlooked question is whether nuclear threats can also coerce adversaries to relinquish possessions or change their behavior. Can nuclear weapons be used to blackmail other countries? The prevailing wisdom is that nuclear weapons are useful for coercion, but this book shows that this view is badly misguided. Nuclear weapons are useful mainly for deterrence and self-defense, not for coercion. The authors evaluate the role of nuclear weapons in several foreign policy contexts and present a trove of new quantitative and historical evidence that nuclear weapons do not help countries achieve better results in coercive diplomacy. The evidence is clear: the benefits of possessing nuclear weapons are almost exclusively defensive, not offensive. |
| coercive diplomacy: Emotional Choices Robin Markwica, 2018-03-09 Why do states often refuse to yield to military threats from a more powerful actor, such as the United States? Why do they frequently prefer war to compliance? International Relations scholars generally employ the rational choice logic of consequences or the constructivist logic of appropriateness to explain this puzzling behavior. Max Weber, however, suggested a third logic of choice in his magnum opus Economy and Society: human decision making can also be motivated by emotions. Drawing on Weber and more recent scholarship in sociology and psychology, Robin Markwica introduces the logic of affect, or emotional choice theory, into the field of International Relations. The logic of affect posits that actors' behavior is shaped by the dynamic interplay among their norms, identities, and five key emotions: fear, anger, hope, pride, and humiliation. Markwica puts forward a series of propositions that specify the affective conditions under which leaders are likely to accept or reject a coercer's demands. To infer emotions and to examine their influence on decision making, he develops a methodological strategy combining sentiment analysis and an interpretive form of process tracing. He then applies the logic of affect to Nikita Khrushchev's behavior during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 and Saddam Hussein's decision making in the Gulf conflict in 1990-1 offering a novel explanation for why U.S. coercive diplomacy succeeded in one case but not in the other. |
| coercive diplomacy: Power Plays Allison Carnegie, 2015-09-09 Power Plays argues that international institutions prevent extortion in some areas, but cause states to shift coercive behavior into less effective policy domains. |
| coercive diplomacy: Russia's Coercive Diplomacy R. Maness, B. Valeriano, 2015-07-08 Russia's place in the world as a powerful regional actor can no longer be denied; the question that remains concerns what this means in terms of foreign policy and domestic stability for the actors involved in the situation, as Russia comes to grips with its newfound sources of might. |
| coercive diplomacy: Nuclear Weapons and Coercive Diplomacy Todd S. Sechser, Matthew Fuhrmann, 2017-02-02 Are nuclear weapons useful for coercive diplomacy? This book argues that they are useful for deterrence but not for offensive purposes. |
| coercive diplomacy: When Governments Collide Wallace J. Thies, 2023-04-28 This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980. |
| coercive diplomacy: Liberating Kosovo David L. Phillips, 2012-07-20 A compelling account of the diplomatic and military actions that led to Kosovo's independence and their implications for future U.S. and UN interventions. Kosovo, after its incorporation into the Serbian Republic of Yugoslavia, became increasingly restive during the 1990s as Yugoslavia plunged into internal war and Kosovo's ethnic Albanian residents (Kosovars) sought autonomy. In March 1999, NATO forces began airstrikes against targets in Kosovo and Serbia in an effort to protect Kosovars against persecution. The bombing campaign ended in June 1999, and Kosovo was placed under transitional UN administration while negotiations on its status ensued. Kosovo eventually declared independence in 2008. Despite internal political tension and economic problems, the new nation has been recognized by many other countries and most of its inhabitants welcome its separation from Serbia. In Liberating Kosovo, David Phillips offers a compelling account of the negotiations and military actions that culminated in Kosovo's independence. Drawing on his own participation in the diplomatic process and interviews with leading participants, Phillips chronicles Slobodan Milosevic's rise to power, the sufferings of the Kosovars, and the events that led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia. He analyzes how NATO, the United Nations, and the United States employed diplomacy, aerial bombing, and peacekeeping forces to set in motion the process that led to independence for Kosovo. He also offers important insights into a critical issue in contemporary international politics: how and when the United States, other nations, and NGOs should act to prevent ethnic cleansing and severe human-rights abuses. |
| coercive diplomacy: Compellence and the Strategic Culture of Imperial Japan Forrest Morgan, 2003-11-30 Compellence is a fundamental tool of international security policy. This study explains how culture shapes the ways that decision-makers respond to the threat of force. First, Morgan builds a theoretical framework, next he analyzes three cases in which states attempted to compel Japan to change its behavior. The first is an in-depth analysis of the 1895 triple intervention in which Russia, Germany, and France forced Japanese leaders to return the Liaotung Peninsula to China following the first Sino-Japanese War. The second and third relate to World War II: the 1941 oil embargo intended to coerce Tokyo to withdraw its military from China and Washington's 1945 efforts to force Japan to end the war. These cases explain much of the seemingly irrational behavior previously attributed to Japanese leaders. Morgan demonstrates that culture clearly influenced outcomes in all three cases by conditioning Japanese perceptions, strategic preferences, and governmental processes. These findings are relevant today, and recent conflicts suggest that they will be increasingly important into the 21st century. This book offers policy makers a much-needed method for employing strategic culture analysis to develop more effective security strategies—strategies that will be of vital importance in an increasingly volatile world. |
| coercive diplomacy: The Use and Utility of Ultimata in Coercive Diplomacy Tim Sweijs, 2023-05-12 Ultimata feature as a core concept in the coercive diplomacy scholarship. Conventional wisdom holds that pursuing an ultimatum strategy is risky. This book shows that the conventional wisdom is wrong on the basis of a new dataset of 87 ultimata issued from 1920–2020. It provides a historical examination of ultimata in Western strategic, political, and legal thought since antiquity until the present, and offers a four-pronged typology that explains their various purposes and effects: 1) the dictate, 2) the conditional war declaration, 3) the bluff, and 4) the brinkmanship ultimatum. The book yields a better understanding of interstate threat behaviour at a time of surging competition. Background materials can be consulted at www.coercivediplomacy.com. |
| coercive diplomacy: Russia's Coercive Diplomacy R. Maness, B. Valeriano, 2015-07-13 Russia's place in the world as a powerful regional actor can no longer be denied; the question that remains concerns what this means in terms of foreign policy and domestic stability for the actors involved in the situation, as Russia comes to grips with its newfound sources of might. |
| coercive diplomacy: How Does Social Science Work? Paul Diesing, 1992-03-15 The culmination of a lifetime spent in a variety of fields - sociology, anthropology, economics, psychology, and philosophy of science - How Does Social Science Work? takes an innovative, sometimes iconoclastic look at social scientists at work in many disciplines. It describes how they investigate and the kinds of truth they produce, illuminating the weaknesses and dangers inherent in their research.At once an analysis, a critique, and a synthesis, this major study begins by surveying philosophical approaches to hermeneutics, to examine the question of how social science ought to work. It illustrates many of its arguments with untraditional examples, such as the reception of the work of the political biographer Robert Caro to show the hermeneutical problems of ethnographers. The major part of the book surveys sociological, political, and psychological studies of social science to get a rounded picture of how social science works,Paul Diesling warns that social science exists between two opposite kinds of degeneration, a value-free professionalism that lives only for publications that show off the latest techniques, and a deep social concern that uses science for propaganda. He argues for greater self-awareness and humility among social scientists, although he notes that some social scientists . . . will angrily reject the thought that their personality affects their research in any way.This profound and sometimes witty book will appeal to students and practitioners in the social sciences who are ready to take a fresh look at their field. An extensive bibliography provides a wealth of references across an array of social science disciplines. |
| coercive diplomacy: Soldiers, Statecraft, and History James A. Nathan, 2002-08-30 The increasing capacity of states to muster violence, the concomitant rise of military power as a meaningful instrument of foreign policy, and the frequent episodic collapse of that power are considered in this examination of force, order, and diplomacy. Nathan points to periods of relative order and stability in international relations-the time immediately prior to the rise of Frederick the Great, for example, or the half century after the Napoleonic Wars-as times when states have been most vulnerable to spoilers and rogues. Only the power of the Cold War blocs fostered durable order. Now, notwithstanding novel elements of globalization, international relations appear as dependent as ever on the prudent management of force. Students, scholars, and soldiers are frequently exposed to Clausewitz, Westphalia, Napoleon, World War I, and the like. But what makes these events and individuals so important? This book is Clausewitz's successor, insisting that soldiers and statesmen know and master the integrative potential of force. Nathan provides a narrative account of the people and events that have shaped international relations since the onset of the state system. He asserts that an understanding of the limits and utility of persuasion, as well as the corresponding limits and utility of force, will help assure national security in a world filled with more uncertainties than ever in the last 50 years. |
| coercive diplomacy: Enduring Territorial Disputes Krista Eileen Wiegand, 2011-09-01 Of all the issues in international relations, disputes over territory are the most salient and most likely to lead to armed conflict. In this study, Krista E. Wiegand examines why some states are willing and able to settle territorial disputes while others are not. |
| coercive diplomacy: Diplomacy's Value Brian C. Rathbun, 2014-10-03 What is the value of diplomacy? How does it affect the course of foreign affairs independent of the distribution of power and foreign policy interests? Theories of international relations too often implicitly reduce the dynamics and outcomes of diplomacy to structural factors rather than the subtle qualities of negotiation. If diplomacy is an independent effect on the conduct of world politics, it has to add value, and we have to be able to show what that value is. In Diplomacy’s Value, Brian C. Rathbun sets forth a comprehensive theory of diplomacy, based on his understanding that political leaders have distinct diplomatic styles: coercive bargaining, reasoned dialogue, and pragmatic statecraft. Drawing on work in the psychology of negotiation, Rathbun explains how diplomatic styles are a function of the psychological attributes of leaders and the party coalitions they represent. The combination of these styles creates a certain spirit of negotiation that facilitates or obstructs agreement. Rathbun applies the argument to relations among France, Germany, and Great Britain during the 1920s as well as Palestinian–Israeli negotiations since the 1990s. His analysis, based on an intensive analysis of primary documents, shows how different diplomatic styles can successfully resolve apparently intractable dilemmas and equally, how they can thwart agreements that were seemingly within reach. |
| coercive diplomacy: Coercive Military Strategy Stephen J. Cimbala, 1998 Coercion is persuasion supported by the threat or use of force. Just as warfare is often diplomacy carried out by other means, coercion--the threat of combat or the threat of an escalation in the intensity of combat--is a more subtle method of dispute that shades the spectrum between diplomacy and warfare. Understanding of coercive military strategy is a prerequisite to the successful making of either policy or war. In Coercive Military Strategy, Stephen J. Cimbala shows that coercive military strategy is a necessary part of any diplomatic-strategic recipe for success. Few wars are total wars, fought to annihilation, and military power is inherently political, employed for political purpose, in order to advance the public agenda of a state, so in any war there comes a time when a diplomatic resolution may be possible. To that end, coercive strategy should be flexible, for there are as many variations to it as there are variations in wars and warfare. Cimbala observes several cases of applying coercive strategy in the twentieth century: the U.S. strategy of limited war during the Cold War; the Cuban Missile Crisis, in which both the United States and the Soviet Union applied coercive strategy; Desert Storm, in which the Coalition Forces could practice coercion without restraint; and the Vietnam War, in which U.S. coercive strategy was ultimately a failure. Additionally, Cimbala examines coercion and the theory of collective security, which implies a willingness on the part of individual states, such as the NATO nations, to combine against any aspiring aggressor. With his examples, and the arguments they illustrate, Cimbala shows that although coercive strategy is a remedy for neither the ailments of U.S. national security nor world conflict, it will become more important in peace, crisis, and even war in the next century, when winning with the minimum of force or without force will become more important than winning by means of maximum firepower. |
| coercive diplomacy: Western Use of Coercive Diplomacy after the Cold War P. Jakobsen, 1998-09-07 This book fills a gap in the literature on coercion and assesses the usefulness of coercive diplomacy in the post-Cold war era. The theoretical framework explains why coercive diplomacy politics succeed or fail, identifies the conditions under which Western states will be willing to back coercive strategies with use of limited force and highlights how the need for collective action affects the use of coercion. The framework is tested empirically in analyses of the Gulf crisis, the Yugoslav wars and the Haiti crisis. |
| coercive diplomacy: Leashing the Dogs of War Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, Pamela R. Aall, 2007 The definitive volume on the sources of contemporary conflict and the array of possible responses to it. |
| coercive diplomacy: The Dynamics of Coercion Daniel Byman, Matthew Waxman, 2002-02-04 Successful coercion should be relatively simple for the United States. Since the demise of the Soviet Union, the United States is without rivals in military might, political influence, or economic strength. Yet despite the lopsided US edge in raw power, regional foes persist in defying the threats and ultimatums brought by the United States and its allies. This book examines why some attempts to strong-arm an adversary work while others do not. It explores how coercion today differs from coercion during the Cold War. It describes the constraints on the United States emanating from the need to work within coalitions and the restrictions imposed by domestic politics, and it assesses the special challenges likely to arise when an adversary is a non-state actor or when the use of weapons of mass destruction is possible. |
| coercive diplomacy: The European Union as a Diplomatic Actor J. Koops, G. Macaj, 2014-11-11 This collection brings together leading scholars and practitioners to assess the processes, institutions and outcomes of the EU's collective diplomatic engagement in the fields of security, human rights, trade and finance and environmental politics. It analyzes successes and failures in the EU's search for global influence in the post-Lisbon era. |
| coercive diplomacy: The Use of Force After the Cold War H. W. Brands, 2003 The end of the Cold War created a near-euphoria that nations might resort less to military force and that the Doomsday nuclear clock might stop short of midnight. Events soon dashed the higher of these hopes, but the nature of military force and the uses to which it might be put did appear to be changing. In this volume eleven leading scholars apply their particular expertise to understanding what (if anything) has changed and what has not, why the patterns are as they are, and just what the future might bring. Together, the authors address political, moral, and military factors in the decision to use or avoid military force. Case studies of the Gulf War and Bosnia, analyses of the role of women in the armed forces and the role of intelligence agencies, and studies of inter-branch and inter-agency tensions and cooperation inform the various chapters. A strong and thoughtful introduction by H. W. Brands provides the context that ties together the themes and perspectives. Scholars in this distinguished collection include Stephen Biddle, Alexander L. George, J. Bryan Hehir, Andrew Kohut, Andrew Krepinevich, James M. Lindsay, Charles Moskos, Williamson Murray, Bruce Russett, Tony Smith, and Susan L. Woodward. The volume will help scholars, policy makers, and concerned citizens contemplate national alternatives when force threatens. |
| coercive diplomacy: B-SPACE 2019 Siti Kholifah, Muhaimin Zulhair Achsin , Ratnaningsih Damayanti , Muhammad Rohmadi, Memet Sudaryanto , 2020-05-12 We are delighted to introduce the 2019 Brawijaya International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (B-SPACE). The aim of B-SPACE (Brawijaya International Conference on Social and Political Sciences) is to provide a platform for various stakeholders, varying from professionals, researchers, and academicians from across the world to present their scientific take and research results on social and political matters. The theme of B-SPACE 2019 was “Gender & Digital Society 4.0”. The amount of participants registered on the initial phase was 140. However, BSPACE 2019 cumulatively consisted of 79 scientific papers, presented orally by the respective authors during the two-day-conference. The oral presentation sessions were opened for the public, allowing a productive interaction between the presenters and the audience where knowledge and information were further shared. Aside from the opportunity to present them in front of an audience, the submitted scientific papers are processed to be published in EAI/EUDL proceedings. |
| coercive diplomacy: Contemporary Security Studies Alan Collins, 2022 With unrivalled coverage of a wide range of issues-from terrorism, nuclear deterrence, and the weapons trade, to environmental security, transnational crime, and cyber-security-Contemporary Security Studies is the definitive, cutting-edge introduction to security studies. Bringing together contributions from leading scholars, it provides a student-friendly guide to traditional and critical theoretical approaches, as well as the most important contemporary issues that dominate the modern security field. Whether you are exploring how politicians portrayed the Covid19 pandemic as a security issue, or the role that popular culture plays in promoting peace, a broad variety of real-world case studies and examples throughout the text encourage you to question your preconceptions of security studies, and to critically evaluate key approaches and ideas in the subject. New to this Edition: A new Chapter 13 on popular culture introduces you to this innovative approach to security studies, exploring the role that it plays in shaping and understanding security-related processes. A revised Chapter 12 on securitization theory traces its emergence and evolution as a framework for analysis, covering everything you need to know about its main concepts and criticisms. Chapter 27 on transnational crime now includes coverage of the 'crime-terror nexus', the relationship between organized crime and the state, and a case study focusing on Mexico. Every chapter has been thoroughly updated to reflect current political issues and developments in world affairs, such as the initial impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change, and forced migration. Book jacket. |
| coercive diplomacy: A New Theory and Practice of Diplomacy , 2021-03-25 Effective diplomacy remains fundamental to the conduct of international relations in the twenty-first century, as we seek to define and manage a challenging new world order peacefully. New Perspectives on Diplomacy examines the implications of the shifting international landscape upon how states interact with one another. Reflecting on the significant changes to the system of states over the past 50 years, including the end of the Cold War, the rise of transnational networks, challenges to borders, growth in national populism and the increasing difficulties presented to diplomats by radical transparency, the first volume presents the global context against which contemporary diplomacy is conducted. |
| coercive diplomacy: Disarmed Democracies David P. Auerswald, 2000-03-08 DIVShows how different political structures affect the ability of democracies to use force in international disputes /div |
| coercive diplomacy: Coercive Diplomacy of NATO in Kosovo Enver Bytyçi, 2015-04-01 This book represents a detailed and comprehensive examination of the developments of NATO’s engagement in Kosovo, and the related policies of western countries. In addition to offering an in-depth analysis of historical developments in the relationships between Albanians and Serbs, the book also provides a constructive discussion of the events of the Kosovo conflict, which constituted one of the main concerns in the international agenda towards the end of the twentieth century. The basic theme set forth in this book is the reasoning behind NATO’s intervention in Kosovo during the spring of 1999, namely to end the conflict between Albanians and Serbs and to aid the Kosovo Albanians in achieving their freedom from the jurisdiction of the Serbian state. Based on extensive evidence, the author analyzes the contradicting stances conveyed at the Security Council regarding the conflict, NATO’s military intervention and the issue of Kosovo’s future. The book provides useful information for any scholars, students and readers interested in gaining a more detailed understanding of Kosovo’s historical developments on an international level. It offers the reader detailed insights into, and descriptions of, the events that took place in the military conflict in Kosovo; it provides various facts and figures, evidences and counterarguments in response to what happened in this politically volatile region. |
| coercive diplomacy: The American War in Vietnam David Hunt, 1993 This collection of essays focuses upon American involvement in the Vietnamese War. |
| coercive diplomacy: To Augur Well Joel David Singer, Michael D. Wallace, 1979-11 The chapters in this volume were solicited in an effort to update the forecaster's art in the realm of world politics, now that the advent of the nuclear age leaves little margin for error. The contributors examine war, interstate conflicts, nuclear proliferation, domestic political conflict, and international political conflict. 'The articles are, without exception, coherent, articulate, methodologically sophisticated and well-substantiated.' -- Millenium 'This is a useful addition to the rapidly growing literature on the statistical analysis of the international system.' -- Political Studies, June 1982 |
| coercive diplomacy: The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy Costas M. Constantinou, Pauline Kerr, Paul Sharp, 2016-08-12 The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy provides a major thematic overview of Diplomacy and its study that is theoretically and historically informed and in sync with the current and future needs of diplomatic practice . Original contributions from a brilliant team of global experts are organised into four thematic sections: Section One: Diplomatic Concepts & Theories Section Two: Diplomatic Institutions Section Three: Diplomatic Relations Section Four: Types of Diplomatic Engagement |
| coercive diplomacy: Strategic Adjustment and the Rise of China Robert S. Ross, Øystein Tunsjø, 2017-06-20 Strategic Adjustment and the Rise of China demonstrates how structural and domestic variables influence how East Asian states adjust their strategy in light of the rise of China, including how China manages its own emerging role as a regional great power. The contributors note that the shifting regional balance of power has fueled escalating tensions in East Asia and suggest that adjustment challenges are exacerbated by the politics of policymaking. International and domestic pressures on policymaking are reflected in maritime territorial disputes and in the broader range of regional security issues created by the rise of China.Adjusting to power shifts and managing a new regional order in the face of inevitable domestic pressure, including nationalism, is a challenging process. Both the United States and China have had to adjust to China's expanded capabilities. China has sought an expanded influence in maritime East Asia; the United States has responded by consolidating its alliances and expanding its naval presence in East Asia. The region's smaller countries have also adjusted to the rise of China. They have sought greater cooperation with China, even as they try to sustain cooperation with the United States. As China continues to rise and challenge the regional security order, the contributors consider whether the region is destined to experience increased conflict and confrontation.ContributorsIan Bowers, Norwegian Defence University College and Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies Daniel W. Drezner, Tufts University, Brookings Institution, and Washington Post Taylor M. Fravel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bjørn Elias Mikalsen Grønning, Norwegian Defence University College and Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies Chung-in Moon, Yonsei University and Chairman, Presidential Committee on Northeast Asia Cooperation Initiative, Republic of Korea James Reilly, University of Sydney Robert S. Ross, Boston College and Harvard University Randall L. Schweller, The Ohio State University ystein Tunsjø, Norwegian Defence University College and the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies Wang Dong, Peking University |
| coercive diplomacy: Coercion Kelly M. Greenhill, Peter Krause, 2018 From the rising significance of non-state actors to the increasing influence of regional powers, the nature and conduct of international politics has arguably changed dramatically since the height of the Cold War. Yet much of the literature on deterrence and compellence continues to draw (whether implicitly or explicitly) upon assumptions and precepts formulated in-and predicated upon-politics in a state-centric, bipolar world. Coercion moves beyond these somewhat hidebound premises and examines the critical issue of coercion in the 21st century, with a particular focus on new actors, strategies and objectives in this very old bargaining game. The chapters in this volume examine intra-state, inter-state, and transnational coercion and deterrence as well as both military and non-military instruments of persuasion, thus expanding our understanding of coercion for conflict in the 21st century. Scholars have analyzed the causes, dynamics, and effects of coercion for decades, but previous works have principally focused on a single state employing conventional military means to pressure another state to alter its behavior. In contrast, this volume captures fresh developments, both theoretical and policy relevant. This chapters in this volume focus on tools (terrorism, sanctions, drones, cyber warfare, intelligence, and forced migration), actors (insurgents, social movements, and NGOs) and mechanisms (trilateral coercion, diplomatic and economic isolation, foreign-imposed regime change, coercion of nuclear proliferators, and two-level games) that have become more prominent in recent years, but which have yet to be extensively or systematically addressed in either academic or policy literatures. |
| coercive diplomacy: Hybrid Warfare and the Gray Zone Threat Douglas C. Lovelace, 2016 Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 141, Hybrid Warfare and the Gray Zone Threat, considers the mutation of the international security environment brought on by decades of unrivaled U.S. conventional military power. The term hybrid warfare encompasses conventional warfare, irregular warfare, cyberwarfare, insurgency, criminality, economic blackmail, ethnic warfare, lawfare, and the application of low-cost but effective technologies to thwart high-cost technologically advanced forces. This volume is divided into five sections covering different aspects of this topic, each of which is introduced by expert commentary written by series editor Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. This volume contains thirteen useful documents exploring various facets of the shifting international security environment, including a detailed report on hybrid warfare issued by the Joint Special Operations University and a White Paper on special operations forces support to political warfare prepared by the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, as well as a GAO report and a CRS report covering similar topics. Specific coverage is also given to topics such as cybersecurity and cyberwarfare, the efficacy of sanctions in avoiding and deterring hybrid warfare threats, and the intersection of the military and domestic U.S. law enforcement. |
| coercive diplomacy: TERRORISM: COMMENTARY ON SECURITY DOCUMENTS VOLUME 141 Douglas Lovelace Jr., 2016-02-24 Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics relating to the worldwide effort to combat terrorism, as well as efforts by the United States and other nations to protect their national security interests. Volume 141, Hybrid Warfare and the Gray Zone Threat, considers the mutation of the international security environment brought on by decades of unrivaled U.S. conventional military power. The term hybrid warfare encompasses conventional warfare, irregular warfare, cyberwarfare, insurgency, criminality, economic blackmail, ethnic warfare, lawfare, and the application of low-cost but effective technologies to thwart high-cost technologically advanced forces. This volume is divided into five sections covering different aspects of this topic, each of which is introduced by expert commentary written by series editor Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. This volume contains thirteen useful documents exploring various facets of the shifting international security environment, including a detailed report on hybrid warfare issued by the Joint Special Operations University and a White Paper on special operations forces support to political warfare prepared by the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, as well as a GAO report and a CRS report covering similar topics. Specific coverage is also given to topics such as cybersecurity and cyberwarfare, the efficacy of sanctions in avoiding and deterring hybrid warfare threats, and the intersection of the military and domestic U.S. law enforcement. |
| coercive diplomacy: The Dynamics of Coercion Daniel Byman, Matthew Waxman, 2002-02-11 This book examines how the United States uses limited military force and other means to influence adversaries and potential adversaries. It reviews when limited force can and cannot work and examines a range of current challenges, including those of guerrilla groups or minor powers armed with nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons. It also looks at the complications arising from domestic politics and the difficulties of using force in an alliance. |
| coercive diplomacy: Military Review , 2005-05 |
Trudeau says Canada will not bow to PRC’s ‘coercive diplomacy’
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Nations standing up against PRC’s ‘coercive diplomacy’
Oct 20, 2021 · A September 2020 study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute said the PRC used “coercive diplomacy” 152 times against foreign governments and …
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Nov 11, 2019 · These, in turn, are coordinated with other forms of power projection conducted by various arms of government, including United Front Work Department …
Trudeau says Canada will not bow to PRC’s ‘coercive diplomacy’
Nov 26, 2020 · “We will stand up loudly and clearly for human rights all around the world, whether it is talking about the situation faced by the Uighurs, whether it is talking about the very …
Nations standing up against PRC’s ‘coercive diplomacy’
Oct 20, 2021 · A September 2020 study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute said the PRC used “coercive diplomacy” 152 times against foreign governments and companies since 2010. …
SRILANKA-CHINA-ECONOMY-DEBT – Indo-Pacific Defense …
Apr 17, 2025 · Indo-Pacific Defense FORUM is a professional military magazine published quarterly by the commander of the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command to provide an international …
India, Vietnam forge stronger defense ties amid PRC threats
Jun 29, 2023 · Further, even in the regional dimension, just as Beijing tends to exercise dominance on Vietnam by keeping ASEAN [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] divided …
Political Warfare - Indo-Pacific Defense Forum
Nov 11, 2019 · These, in turn, are coordinated with other forms of power projection conducted by various arms of government, including United Front Work Department efforts, propaganda …
Philippines boosting maritime security, diplomacy to deter South …
Apr 8, 2024 · Philippine countermeasures will include strengthening defense capabilities with Allies and Partners and seeking to resolve disputes through diplomacy, a security official said. …
Experts call for scientific diplomacy to promote South China Sea ...
Dec 23, 2023 · Hessen identified overfishing, coral bleaching and pollution as threats that could “cripple the region’s environmental health and economic vitality.” He said scientific diplomacy …
Indo-Pacific View – Indo-Pacific Defense FORUM
Apr 28, 2025 · Spencer Petersen, a U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency officer and U.S. Air Force reservist, considers how intelligence diplomacy, a collaborative effort among governments to …
Collective Deterrence – Indo-Pacific Defense FORUM
Jan 27, 2025 · Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine is jeopardizing European security, and terrorism continues to represent a global security challenge and a threat to stability,” NATO …
INDIA-INDONESIA-DEFENCE-DIPLOMACY - Indo-Pacific …
Dec 18, 2024 · INDIA-INDONESIA-DEFENCE-DIPLOMACY. ... Beijing extends its coercive campaign against neighbors. December ...
