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| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's Dictionary Collins, 2014 The eighth edition of the this dictionary offers up-to-date coverage of today's English in a clear, attractive format. The book is ideal for upper-intermediate and advanced learners of English. It covers all the words, phrases, and idioms that students need to master in order to speak and write effective English. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary PB with CD-ROM , 2003-04-10 The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary gives the vital support which advanced students need, especially with the essential skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking. In the book: * 170,000 words, phrases and examples * New words: so your English stays up-to-date * Colour headwords: so you can find the word you are looking for quickly * Idiom Finder * 200 'Common Learner Error' notes show how to avoid common mistakes * 25,000 collocations show the way words work together * Colour pictures: 16 full page colour pictures On the CD-ROM: * Sound: recordings in British and American English, plus practice tools to help improve pronunciation * UNIQUE! Smart Thesaurus helps you choose the right word * QUICKfind looks up words for you while you are working or reading on screen * UNIQUE! SUPERwrite gives on screen help with grammar, spelling and collocation when you are writing * Hundreds of interactive exercises |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins COBUILD English Dictionary John Sinclair, 1995 English dictionary with over 75000 references. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Diccionario Español-Inglés, Inglés-Español Colin Smith, 1993 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Cobuild Student's Dictionary John Sinclair, 1990 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's English Dictionary Merriam-Webster, Inc. Staff, 2008 Contains definitions of 100,000 words and phrases for advanced learners of English, and includes pronunciation guides, as well as over 160,000 example sentences. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins COBUILD Essential English Dictionary Collins Dictionaries, Harpercollins Uk, 2014 With over 8,000 entries, and an attractive full-colour illustrated supplement, this is the perfect dictionary for adults or younger students who are starting out on their journey of learning English. The words and phrases will equip students with English from A1 (elementary) to approximately intermediate level (B1). It covers all the essential words, phrases and idioms that students need to learn. The definitions are written using simple language and the dictionary contains thousands of examples of real English, showing the learner how English is really used. The dictionary also includes a thesaurus which focuses on 50 of the most overused words in English and will help students to expand their vocabulary and increase their fluency. With hundreds of line drawings illustrating key terms, and the full-colour illustrated supplement of essential topics, this is the ideal reference tool for beginner learners of English. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Longman Dictionary of American English Pearson ELT, 2014 The Fifth Edition of Longman Dictionary of American English is the key to vocabulary building! Now with the full contents online, plus online Thesaurus and Vocabulary Checker. Clear and comprehensive 109,000 words, meanings and phrases, including words from the Academic Word List 59,000 example sentences, showing thousands of academic words and collocations Clear definitions written using the Longman American Defining Vocabulary of just 2,000 common words Words for content areas such as Science and Social Studies The key to vocabulary building Collocation boxes show combination of words that are often used together, such as strong interest, highly successful, and take a test Integrated Thesaurus explains thousands of synonyms and antonyms 3,000 etymologies explain the origin of words -15,000 etymologies online Learner's Handbook on Writing, Collocations and Grammar Workbook exercises for self-study and classroom use Entire contents online Pronunciation of all the words and example sentences, and pronunciation practice Longman Vocabulary Checker: find out which type of vocabulary is used in the text you are reading and which words you should learn Thesaurus: choose the right word and build your vocabulary Topic Vocabulary: find all the words you need to write about common topics such as Describing Places, Technology, Sports and Relationships Academic Study Center with interactive exercises for vocabulary, reading and writing, and exam practice for TOEFL |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Cobuild English Grammar HARPER COLLINS STAFF, 1990 This reference grammar has been developed for advanced students and teachers of English. The result of a thorough analysis of written and spoken language, this book provides a clear and detailed picture of modern English grammar. The clear layout, as well |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Robert French Dictionary Martyn Back, 2008 This new edition uses Collins' and Le Robert's unique multi-million word databases of contemporary English and French to ensure that the user has the most complete and accurate picture of real language available today. The dictionary is ideal for advanced learners and professionals using French. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary A. S. Hornby, 2010 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: The Routledge Handbook of Lexicography Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera, 2017-10-02 The Routledge Handbook of Lexicography provides a comprehensive overview of the major approaches to lexicography and their applications within the field. This Handbook features key case studies and cutting-edge contributions from an international range of practitioners, teachers, and researchers. Analysing the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries within the digital era, the 47 chapters address the core issues of: The foundations of lexicography, and its interactions with other disciplines including Corpus Linguistics and Information Science; Types of dictionaries, for purposes such as translation and teaching; Innovative specialised dictionaries such as the Oenolex wine dictionary and the Online Dictionary of New Zealand Sign Language; Lexicography and world languages, including Arabic, Hindi, Russian, Chinese, and Indonesian; The future of lexicography, including the use of the Internet, user participation, and dictionary portals. The Routledge Handbook of Lexicography is essential reading for researchers and students working in this area. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: The Oxford Handbook of Lexicography Philip Durkin, 2016 This volume provides concise, authoritative accounts of the approaches and methodologies of modern lexicography and of the aims and qualities of its end products. Leading scholars and professional lexicographers, from all over the world and representing all the main traditions and perspectives, assess the state of the art in every aspect of research and practice. The book is divided into four parts, reflecting the main types of lexicography. Part I looks at synchronic dictionaries - those for the general public, monolingual dictionaries for second-language learners, and bilingual dictionaries. Part II and III are devoted to the distinctive methodologies and concerns of the historical dictionaries and specialist dictionaries respectively, while chapters in Part IV examine specific topics such as description and prescription; the representation of pronunciation; and the practicalities of dictionary production. The book ends with a chronology of the major events in the history of lexicography. It will be a valuable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners in the field. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: The Devil's Dictionary (or The Cynic's Wordbook: Unabridged with all the Definitions) Ambrose Bierce, 2013-08-20 This carefully crafted ebook: The Devil's Dictionary (or The Cynic's Wordbook: Unabridged with all the Definitions) is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents. The book is a classic satire in the form of a dictionary on which Bierce worked for decades. It was originally published in 1906 as The Cynic's Word Book before being retitled in 1911. A number of the definitions are accompanied by satiric verses, many of which are signed with comic pseudonyms. It offers reinterpretations of terms in the English language which lampoon cant and political double-talk as well as other aspects of human foolishness and frailty. The definitions provide satirical, witty and often politically pointed representations of the words that is seeks to define. The Devil's Dictionary has inspired many imitations both in its day and more recently. Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (1842 – 1914?) was an American satirist, critic, poet, editor and journalist. Bierce became a prolific author of short stories often humorous and sometimes bitter or macabre. His dark, sardonic views and vehemence as a critic earned him the nickname, Bitter Bierce. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Cobuild - Student's Dictionary Plus Grammar , 2012-12-01 This third edition of the Collins COBUILD Student's Dictionary Plus Grammar offers up-to-date coverage of today's language plus a full-length English Grammar - an invaluable combination for learners of English. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Cobuild Phrasal Verbs Dictionary Collins Uk, 2020 This new edition of the Collins COBUILD Phrasal Verbs Dictionary offers comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the most important phrasal verbs in English. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English A. S. Hornby, A. P. Cowie, 1987 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Cambridge International Dictionary of English Flexicover and CD-ROM Pack Paul Procter, 2000-04-20 The pack contains a major learners' dictionary (the best-selling Cambridge International Dictionary of English) together with a CD-ROM version, updated for 2000, at a very affordable price. The new CD-ROM contains everything the user will find in the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, as well as: - new words which have recently come into the English language - British and American spoken pronunciations for each entry word - links from every word in the text to the entry where that word is defined - sophisticated tools that allow users to search for words anywhere in the text - the ability to search by topic group, giving the user a whole new way into the dictionary - interactive exercises. This CD-ROM and that of the Cambridge Dictionary of American English are fully compatible, and can be searched simultaneously if both are installed. Cambridge International Dictionary of English CD-ROM for Windows 95/98/NT For more information about the CD-ROM visit www.cambridge.org/elt/cide Try the Cambridge Dictionaries Online at http://dictionary.cambridge.org |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary Colin McIntosh, 2013-06-06 A fully updated edition of the best-selling Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. This paperback edition is ideal for advanced (C1-C2) learners of English and contains up-to-date vocabulary, including words from the areas of technology, media, language, society, and lifestyle, plus important words for academic study. With over 140,000 words, phrases, meanings, and examples, hundreds of pictures and illustrations, clear definitions and a new 'Focus on Writing' section, the dictionary is perfect as a reference tool and as a study companion. Informed by the Cambridge International Corpus and correlated to English Vocabulary Profile, it is also ideal for exam preparation. A version of this dictionary with CD-ROM is available to purchase separately. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching Richard Smith, Tim Giesler, 2023-06-15 By adopting a historical perspective, this edited collection of papers takes a fresh look at a key concept in applied linguistics, that of innovation. A substantial introduction advocates historical re-evaluation of this notion via exploration of its rise to prominence, while the ten subsequent chapters present in-depth case studies of apparently successful as well as ineffective innovation(s), from the early eighteenth to the late twentieth century. Language learning/teaching developments in Brazil, China, England, France, Germany and Italy are considered along with ‘global’ innovations in language learner lexicography, while the languages considered include Chinese, English, French, Italian, Latin, Portuguese and Spanish. Various types of primary source material are utilized, illustrating the possibilities of applied linguistic historiography for both students and academics new to the field. The book questions ideas of perpetual innovation and progress, supporting the adoption of more critical perspectives on change and innovation in applied linguistics and language teaching. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: コウビルド英英辞典 John Sinclair, 2001 An updated and revised edition of the renowned dictionary, designed specifically to meet the needs of advanced learners, as well as teachers. All the definitions in this dictionary are written in full in simple, natural English and grammatical information is clearly detailed ina separate section. Additional information is also featured on word frequency. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Cobuild Grammar Patterns John Sinclair, 1996-01 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Cobuild English-English-Hindi Student's Dictionary. Collins Cobuild Staff, 2011-06 This dictionary covers all the essential words and phrases that students need to learn. The definitions are written in full sentences, using simple language, and the dictionary contains thousands of examples of real English, showing the learner how English is really used. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners Gwyneth Fox, Michael Rundell, 2004 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's Dictionary HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2023-04-13 The 10th edition of the Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's Dictionary has been revised and updated to include detailed coverage of today's English in a clear, attractive format. Ideal for upper intermediate and advanced learners of English, this dictionary covers all the words, phrases and idioms that students need to master in order to speak and write effective English. Thousands of updated examples taken from the 4.5- billion word Collins Corpus, show learners how the words are used in authentic contexts. The dictionary offers extensive help with grammar through the inclusion of grammar patterns at examples, plus a new supplement to help with academic and business grammar. Additional information is provided throughout to help learners improve their knowledge of collocation, etymology and synonymy. Informative and relevant vocabulary panels show how words are used in a range of everyday contexts. In addition, this dictionary offers learners guidance on how to communicate effectively in English. The Language in Use supplement provides a wealth of invaluable information on how to write and speak English for different purposes using the appropriate language, style, and tone. Resources and activities to help learners make the most of the dictionary are available for free online. The Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's Dictionary provides invaluable and detailed guidance on the English language, and is the complete reference tool for learners of English. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Cobuild English Usage John Sinclair, 2001 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Oxford English-Greek Learner's Dictionary D. N. Stavropoulos, 2007-12-20 New, clearer colour layout. The keywords of the Oxford 3000™ are marked to help you prioritize your learning. The phonetic alphabet appears at the foot of each page. New appendices on expressions with numbers, phrasal verbs, letter writing, etc. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collins Cobuild Intermediate Dictionary , 2008 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Defining with Simple Vocabulary in English Dictionaries Mariusz Piotr Kamiński, 2021-04-15 This book investigates an important but under-researched aspect of dictionary making: the use of a controlled vocabulary in definitions. The main concern of the author is the role of a definition vocabulary in how foreign learners understand and perceive dictionary definitions. The author takes the reader through a detailed historical account of controlled vocabularies and examines definitions in a range of English dictionaries with respect to their vocabulary loads. He performs a series of experiments with university students to reveal merits and shortcomings of restricted vocabularies. This monograph has been written with the aim to fill a gap in the literature on defining vocabulary. It is intended for lexicographers, dictionary editors, course designers, teachers, and students, as well as anyone who wishes to explain words in an intelligible way. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Using Online Dictionaries Carolin Müller-Spitzer, 2014-08-22 Until now, there has been very little research into the use of online dictionaries. In contrast, the market for online dictionaries is increasing both for academic lexicography and for commercial lexicography, with sales figures for printed reference works in continual decline. This has led to a demand for reliable empirical information on how online dictionaries are actually being used and how they could be made more user-friendly. The volume Using Online Dictionaries makes a substantial contribution to closing this research gap. It is divided into four parts: The first part contains articles on fundamental issues: a research review of the empirical studies on digital dictionaries which have already been carried out, and a brief methodological guideline for lexicographical researchers who are interested in conducting their own empirical research. The second part contains the results of two studies that focus on general questions about the use of online dictionaries. It presents empirical data on contexts of dictionary use, on expectations and demands regarding online dictionaries. Furthermore, innovative features, such as the use of multimedia elements or the option of a user-adaptive interface and questions of design were assessed empirically. The third part of this volume comprises more specific studies of online dictionaries: an eye-tracking study evaluating the new web design of the dictionary portal OWID and a log file study which tries to get to the bottom of the following question: Do dictionary users look up frequent words, or put differently, is there a connection between how often a word is looked up and how often it appears in a corpus? In the last chapter of this thematic section, the question of how users judge the combination of a written paraphrase and an additional illustration in illustrated online dictionaries is addressed. The last part focuses on the use of monolingual dictionaries, in particular the German online dictionary elexiko. In this context, two online questionnaire-based studies were carried out. The empirical studies were conducted in the form of online surveys combining questionnaires and experimental elements and in the form of laboratory studies using eye-tracking technology as well as using observational methods such as log file analyses. Regarding the comprehensive research framework, this volume can be relevant to lexicographers, metalexicographers and linguists who are interested in the use of (online) dictionaries and in the development and exploration of lexicographical data for the internet, as well as linguists interested in empirical methods. It addresses a broad expert audience by presenting an academic subject which is currently the focus of much discussion. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Collocations Dictionary Michael Rundell, 2010 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: When I use a word, it means just what I choose it to mean-neither more nor less. Studies in honour of Stefania Nuccorini Dora Faraci, Giovanni Iamartino, Lucilla Lopriore, Martina Nied Curcio, Serenella Zanotti, 2024-02-16 Il volume raccoglie una serie di quattordici saggi da parte di studiosi italiani e stranieri – colleghe e colleghi, allieve di un tempo, amici – che hanno inteso così onorare la figura personale e professionale di Stefania Nuccorini, Professore Onorario dell’Università di Roma Tre, e autorevole studiosa di lingua e linguistica inglese. I saggi esplorano ambiti di ricerca in cui si è distinta l’operosità scientifica di Stefania Nuccorini, definita “Master of Words” dalle colleghe e amiche di Roma Tre. In primis, passato, presente e futuro della lessicografia, con saggi sui glossari anglosassoni (Faraci), note d’uso nella storia della lessicografia inglese (Bejoint), learners’ dictionaries (Klotz) e e-lexicography (Pettini). Poi, studi di carattere lessicologico, con particolare riferimento alle collocazioni (Pinnavaia), agli anglicismi in italiano (Pulcini e Fiasco), ai verba dicendi in prospettiva comparativa e traduttiva inglese-italiano (Bruti), nonché all’uso di già nella traduzione audiovisiva dall’inglese (Pavesi e Zanotti). Di taglio didattico e transculturale sono due saggi su English as a Lingua Franca (Lopriore, Sperti) e un terzo sull’inglese come relay language (Nied Curcio). Completano la raccolta due saggi di carattere letterario e teatrale, relativi a Laurence Sterne (Ruggieri) e al Macbeth shakespeariano (Di Giovanni e Raffi), mentre si muove tra lingua e letteratura un saggio sulle pratiche stenografiche di Charles Dickens (Bowles). DOI: 10.13134/9rdp-3r87 |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: How to Speak English Fluently Ivan Al Khanif Aditya, 2022-01-18 This guide is designed to help English learners to learn how to speak English fluently. Since this guide is written in English, we are assuming that the reader knows the basics of the language. So, if you want to practice talking in English, you “must” make sure that the people around you will be in a position to correct you as soon as you make the mistake. If you want to practice speaking in English, you have to speak English correctly. If you speak incorrectly you “must know” that you have spoken incorrectly. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: A Guide to Practical Online Lexicography Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera, 2025-04-28 A Guide to Practical Online Lexicography provides a step-by-step course on digital lexicography, discussing state-of-the-art theoretical lexicography and offering a guide to practical lexicography, with a focus on monolingual online dictionaries. Dictionaries today need to be designed and made for online environments, use up-to-date technologies in all aspects of lexicography, and have adequate business models in place for financing them. This book: Covers lexicographic data and categories of existing online dictionaries, and shows how to plan, analyse, and store data Discusses the relationship between technology, dictionary users and dictionary makers, lexicographic developments, and economic costs Provides an in-depth case study of designing and making the Diccionario Digital del Español (DIDES), an online dictionary of Spanish edited by the author Includes further reading recommendations, practical activities, and questions for discussion at the end of each chapter Drawing on materials developed by the author from his experience of over 20 years of lecturing in universities and institutions globally, this is a practical go-to guide to online lexicography for students of lexicography, e-lexicographers and researchers. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: A Corpus Study of Collocation in Chinese Learner English Yuanwen Lu, 2016-12-08 Based on two corpora: LOCNESS (Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays) and MLC (Non-English major Mainland Chinese Learner Corpus), this book explores the grammatical and lexical collocations of Chinese learner English. As one of the first systematic studies to investigate collocations in Chinese learner English based on learner corpora, this book provides significant implications for foreign language teaching and learning. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: The International Student′s Guide Ricky Lowes, Helen Peters, Marie Turner, 2004-05-05 This book is intended for students from all language backgrounds other than English, attending or preparing to attend a university where the medium of instruction is English, particularly in the UK. The International Student′s Guide helps you succeed at university, by sharing the experiences of many international students who have already attended a university in the UK. Every student is unique, with different abilities and needs. With this in mind, the authors provide you with practical information and help on a range of aspects of study. They focus on both spoken and written forms of communication, and deal with the approaches to thinking and learning which you will meet in higher education in the UK system. Written by experienced lecturers in language and learning, the book offers a wealth of advice and guidance on topics such as: ways of learning how to make the most of your own strengths working in seminars and groups writing in different forms, disciplines and at different levels assessment techniques such as exams and oral presentations. Whether you are embarking on a pre-degree foundation course or a postgraduate programme, this book will help you manage all the challenging aspects of studying through the medium of another language, in a new and different environment. This book is for students studying at any level in English on Foundation courses, on degree programmes, undergraduate or postgraduate, or on pre-masters programmes. It could be used in EAP classes and on summer courses and pre-entry programmes or for self study. It could also be used for staff-development purposes with lecturers teaching students from different language backgrounds. It is assumed that the reader already has a grasp of English at least equivalent to IELTS 4.5 or 5 or TOEFL 450-500 (130-170 on the computerised test). SAGE Study Skills are essential study guides for students of all levels. From how to write great essays and succeeding at university, to writing your undergraduate dissertation and doing postgraduate research, SAGE Study Skills help you get the best from your time at university. Visit the SAGE Study Skills hub for tips, resources and videos on study success! |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Exploring Corpus Linguistics Winnie Cheng, 2011-10-04 Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics consists of introductory level textbooks covering the core topics in Applied Linguistics, designed for those entering postgraduate studies and language professionals returning to academic study. The books take an innovative practice to theory approach, with a ‘back to front’ structure which takes the reader from real life problems and issues in the field, then enters into a discussion of intervention and how to engage with these concerns. The final section concludes by tying the practical issues to theoretical foundations. Additional features include tasks with commentaries, a glossary of key terms, and an annotated further reading section. Corpus linguistics is a key area of applied linguistics and one of the most rapidly developing. Winnie Cheng’s practical approach guides readers in acquiring the relevant knowledge and theories to enable the analysis, explanation and interpretation of language using corpus methods. Throughout the book practical classroom examples, concordance based analyses and tasks such as designing and conducting mini-projects are used to connect and explain the conceptual and practical aspects of corpus linguistics. Exploring Corpus Linguistics is an essential textbook for post-graduate/graduate students new to the field and for advanced undergraduates studying English Language and Applied Linguistics. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Compact English-English-Hindi Dictionary Vellayagounder Murugan, V. Jayadevan, 2018-01-24 This dictionary contains more than 24,000 entries, related phrases, idioms, derivatives and words with irregular forms, and more than 200 illustrations. Like our other Bilingual Dictionaries, this has been specially compiled for learners of English, teachers, translators and general readers. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: Dictionary Use and Dictionary Teaching Annette Klosa-Kückelhaus, Martina Nied Curcio, 2024-10-07 Foreign language learners often use electronic dictionaries or other information from the Internet to solve language problems. However, they seem to have great difficulty using dictionaries and online resources appropriately, profitably and successfully. Their teachers also seem unfamiliar with the current dictionary landscape and sometimes insist on using a single (monolingual) print dictionary in class. As a result, dictionaries are often banned from the classroom altogether. However, in today’s digital, global and multilingual world, appropriate competence in the use of dictionaries is an essential communicative strategy. Dictionary didactics should thus be integrated into foreign language teaching. Against this background, the contributions in this volume discuss how dictionary use can be promoted and integrated into the classroom. They also consider how modern lexical resources and dictionaries should be designed to support learners. Last but not least, they present ideas for educational policies that could promote the use of dictionaries and lexicographic online resources. This volume offers important insights to language teachers, authors of language teaching materials, practical lexicographers and other applied linguists. |
| collins cobuild advanced learner's dictionary online: The Use and Abuse of EFL Dictionaries Hilary Nesi, 2012-02-14 The book begins with a review of research into dictionary use. A number of experimental design problems are discussed, in particular the unreliability of questionnaire responses, and the need for detailed accounts of individual dictionary consultations whilst sampling in numbers sufficient to represent specified populations. The experiments reported in subsequent chapters investigate issues raised in the review. The first two studies find that dictionary use during a reading comprehension test affected completion speed but not test scores. The apparent failure of dictionary use to improve comprehension is attributed to the test itself, the dictionaries, and the users' choice of look-up words. The ability of users to interpret dictionary entries is investigated in three further studies which use computers to gather data on large numbers of individual consultations. The findings indicate that there is little difference between three major EFL dictionaries in terms of speed of consultation and overall productive success. They also indicate that Malaysian ESL subjects, who have higher vocabulary scores, are slower in their reading and less successfull in their interpretation of entries than Portuguese EFL subjects. Finally, the findings suggest that overall productive success is unaffected by the presence or absence of examples. The experimental findings lead to the conclusion that dictionary consultation is a process in which users match pre-existing beliefs about word meaning and behaviour against segments in the dictionary entry. Such segments are often selected because they are familiar-sounding and conceptually accessible, but may contain only incomplete or non-essential information. Where pre-existing beliefs and dictionary information conflict, dictionary information is sometimes overridden. Thus word knowledge acquired from a single consultation is often insufficient to ensure productive success. Although it is probably inevitable that word knowledge will be acquired slowly, through multiple encounters, modifications to the dictionary entry and the training of users might help to avoid serious misinterpretation of dictionary information. |
Cefuroxime Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com
Apr 15, 2025 · 12. Henry D, Ruoff GE, Rhudy J, Puopolo A, Drehobl M, Schoenberger J, Giguere G, Collins JJ (1995) "Effectiveness of short-course therapy (5 days) with cefuroxime axetil in …
Azithromycin Uses, Dosage & Side Effects - Drugs.com
Jul 24, 2023 · Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. Includes Azithromycin side effects, interactions and indications.
Omeprazole Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Warnings - Drugs.com
May 13, 2024 · Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that is used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and other conditions caused by excess stomach acid.
Which GLP-1 drug is best for weight loss? - Drugs.com
Feb 19, 2025 · Official answer: GLP-1 receptor agonists have emerged as powerful tools for weight loss, with several options now available on the...
Kratom: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com
Mar 1, 2024 · Kratom is an herbal substance that has a stimulant and opioid-like effect. Kratom information from Drugs.com includes Kratom side effects, interactions, and indications.
Amoxicillin / Clavulanate Side Effects - Drugs.com
Apr 23, 2025 · 14. Higuera F, Hidalgo H, Feris J, Giguere G, Collins JJ (1996) "Comparison of oral cefuroxime axetil and ...
Eligard (Injection) Uses, Dosage & Side Effects - Drugs.com
Oct 26, 2023 · Eligard (leuprolide) reduces levels of testosterone and is used to treat prostate cancer. Includes Eligard side effects, interactions and indications.
Temozolomide Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term
May 7, 2025 · Villano JL, Collins CA, Manasanch EE, Ramaprasad C, van Besien K (2006) "Aplastic anaemia in patient with glioblastoma multiforme treated with temozolomide." Lancet Oncol , 7, p. …
What is the MOA for GLP-1 drugs and how do they work?
Feb 10, 2025 · GLP-1 drugs, or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, are a class of medications primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes, reduce excess body weight, and maintain …
Atorvastatin (Lipitor): Top 12 Drug Facts You Need to Know
Jun 2, 2025 · Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Collins R, Reith C, Emberson J, et al. Lancet. 2016;388(10059):2532. Epub 2016 Sep 8. Laakso M, Kuusisto …
Cefuroxime Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com
Apr 15, 2025 · 12. Henry D, Ruoff GE, Rhudy J, Puopolo A, Drehobl M, Schoenberger J, Giguere G, Collins JJ (1995) "Effectiveness of short-course therapy (5 days) with cefuroxime axetil in …
Azithromycin Uses, Dosage & Side Effects - Drugs.com
Jul 24, 2023 · Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria. Includes Azithromycin side effects, interactions and indications.
Omeprazole Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Warnings - Drugs.com
May 13, 2024 · Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that is used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and other conditions caused by excess stomach acid.
Which GLP-1 drug is best for weight loss? - Drugs.com
Feb 19, 2025 · Official answer: GLP-1 receptor agonists have emerged as powerful tools for weight loss, with several options now available on the...
Kratom: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com
Mar 1, 2024 · Kratom is an herbal substance that has a stimulant and opioid-like effect. Kratom information from Drugs.com includes Kratom side effects, interactions, and indications.
Amoxicillin / Clavulanate Side Effects - Drugs.com
Apr 23, 2025 · 14. Higuera F, Hidalgo H, Feris J, Giguere G, Collins JJ (1996) "Comparison of oral cefuroxime axetil and ...
Eligard (Injection) Uses, Dosage & Side Effects - Drugs.com
Oct 26, 2023 · Eligard (leuprolide) reduces levels of testosterone and is used to treat prostate cancer. Includes Eligard side effects, interactions and indications.
Temozolomide Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term
May 7, 2025 · Villano JL, Collins CA, Manasanch EE, Ramaprasad C, van Besien K (2006) "Aplastic anaemia in patient with glioblastoma multiforme treated with temozolomide." Lancet …
What is the MOA for GLP-1 drugs and how do they work?
Feb 10, 2025 · GLP-1 drugs, or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, are a class of medications primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes, reduce excess body weight, and maintain …
Atorvastatin (Lipitor): Top 12 Drug Facts You Need to Know
Jun 2, 2025 · Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Collins R, Reith C, Emberson J, et al. Lancet. 2016;388(10059):2532. Epub 2016 Sep 8. Laakso M, …
