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chegg mathematical proofs: Mathematical Reasoning Theodore A. Sundstrom, 2003 Focusing on the formal development of mathematics, this book demonstrates how to read and understand, write and construct mathematical proofs. It emphasizes active learning, and uses elementary number theory and congruence arithmetic throughout. Chapter content covers an introduction to writing in mathematics, logical reasoning, constructing proofs, set theory, mathematical induction, functions, equivalence relations, topics in number theory, and topics in set theory. For learners making the transition form calculus to more advanced mathematics. |
chegg mathematical proofs: A Transition to Advanced Mathematics Douglas Smith, Maurice Eggen, Richard St.Andre, 2010-06-01 A TRANSITION TO ADVANCED MATHEMATICS, 7e, International Edition helps students make the transition from calculus to more proofs-oriented mathematical study. The most successful text of its kind, the 7th edition continues to provide a firm foundation in major concepts needed for continued study and guides students to think and express themselves mathematically—to analyze a situation, extract pertinent facts, and draw appropriate conclusions. The authors place continuous emphasis throughout on improving students' ability to read and write proofs, and on developing their critical awareness for spotting common errors in proofs. Concepts are clearly explained and supported with detailed examples, while abundant and diverse exercises provide thorough practice on both routine and more challenging problems. Students will come away with a solid intuition for the types of mathematical reasoning they'll need to apply in later courses and a better understanding of how mathematicians of all kinds approach and solve problems. |
chegg mathematical proofs: A Logical Introduction to Proof Daniel Cunningham, 2012-09-19 The book is intended for students who want to learn how to prove theorems and be better prepared for the rigors required in more advance mathematics. One of the key components in this textbook is the development of a methodology to lay bare the structure underpinning the construction of a proof, much as diagramming a sentence lays bare its grammatical structure. Diagramming a proof is a way of presenting the relationships between the various parts of a proof. A proof diagram provides a tool for showing students how to write correct mathematical proofs. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Mathematical Proofs Gary Chartrand, Albert D. Polimeni, Ping Zhang, 2013 This book prepares students for the more abstract mathematics courses that follow calculus. The author introduces students to proof techniques, analyzing proofs, and writing proofs of their own. It also provides a solid introduction to such topics as relations, functions, and cardinalities of sets, as well as the theoretical aspects of fields such as number theory, abstract algebra, and group theory. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Reading, Writing, and Proving Ulrich Daepp, Pamela Gorkin, 2006-04-18 This book, based on Pólya's method of problem solving, aids students in their transition to higher-level mathematics. It begins by providing a great deal of guidance on how to approach definitions, examples, and theorems in mathematics and ends by providing projects for independent study. Students will follow Pólya's four step process: learn to understand the problem; devise a plan to solve the problem; carry out that plan; and look back and check what the results told them. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Discrete Mathematics with Applications Susanna S. Epp, 2018-12-17 Known for its accessible, precise approach, Epp's DISCRETE MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS, 5th Edition, introduces discrete mathematics with clarity and precision. Coverage emphasizes the major themes of discrete mathematics as well as the reasoning that underlies mathematical thought. Students learn to think abstractly as they study the ideas of logic and proof. While learning about logic circuits and computer addition, algorithm analysis, recursive thinking, computability, automata, cryptography and combinatorics, students discover that ideas of discrete mathematics underlie and are essential to today’s science and technology. The author’s emphasis on reasoning provides a foundation for computer science and upper-level mathematics courses. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. |
chegg mathematical proofs: A Book of Set Theory Charles C Pinter, 2014-07-23 This accessible approach to set theory for upper-level undergraduates poses rigorous but simple arguments. Each definition is accompanied by commentary that motivates and explains new concepts. A historical introduction is followed by discussions of classes and sets, functions, natural and cardinal numbers, the arithmetic of ordinal numbers, and related topics. 1971 edition with new material by the author-- |
chegg mathematical proofs: How to Prove It Daniel J. Velleman, 2006-01-16 Many students have trouble the first time they take a mathematics course in which proofs play a significant role. This new edition of Velleman's successful text will prepare students to make the transition from solving problems to proving theorems by teaching them the techniques needed to read and write proofs. The book begins with the basic concepts of logic and set theory, to familiarize students with the language of mathematics and how it is interpreted. These concepts are used as the basis for a step-by-step breakdown of the most important techniques used in constructing proofs. The author shows how complex proofs are built up from these smaller steps, using detailed 'scratch work' sections to expose the machinery of proofs about the natural numbers, relations, functions, and infinite sets. To give students the opportunity to construct their own proofs, this new edition contains over 200 new exercises, selected solutions, and an introduction to Proof Designer software. No background beyond standard high school mathematics is assumed. This book will be useful to anyone interested in logic and proofs: computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and of course mathematicians. |
chegg mathematical proofs: A User-Friendly Introduction to Lebesgue Measure and Integration Gail S. Nelson, 2015-11-09 A User-Friendly Introduction to Lebesgue Measure and Integration provides a bridge between an undergraduate course in Real Analysis and a first graduate-level course in Measure Theory and Integration. The main goal of this book is to prepare students for what they may encounter in graduate school, but will be useful for many beginning graduate students as well. The book starts with the fundamentals of measure theory that are gently approached through the very concrete example of Lebesgue measure. With this approach, Lebesgue integration becomes a natural extension of Riemann integration. Next, -spaces are defined. Then the book turns to a discussion of limits, the basic idea covered in a first analysis course. The book also discusses in detail such questions as: When does a sequence of Lebesgue integrable functions converge to a Lebesgue integrable function? What does that say about the sequence of integrals? Another core idea from a first analysis course is completeness. Are these -spaces complete? What exactly does that mean in this setting? This book concludes with a brief overview of General Measures. An appendix contains suggested projects suitable for end-of-course papers or presentations. The book is written in a very reader-friendly manner, which makes it appropriate for students of varying degrees of preparation, and the only prerequisite is an undergraduate course in Real Analysis. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Book of Proof Richard H. Hammack, 2016-01-01 This book is an introduction to the language and standard proof methods of mathematics. It is a bridge from the computational courses (such as calculus or differential equations) that students typically encounter in their first year of college to a more abstract outlook. It lays a foundation for more theoretical courses such as topology, analysis and abstract algebra. Although it may be more meaningful to the student who has had some calculus, there is really no prerequisite other than a measure of mathematical maturity. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Transition to Higher Mathematics Bob A. Dumas, John Edward McCarthy, 2007 This book is written for students who have taken calculus and want to learn what real mathematics is. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Computational Geometry Mark de Berg, Marc van Krefeld, Mark Overmars, Otfried Cheong, 2013-04-17 Computational geometry emerged from the field of algorithms design and anal ysis in the late 1970s. It has grown into a recognized discipline with its own journals, conferences, and a large community of active researchers. The suc cess of the field as a research discipline can on the one hand be explained from the beauty of the problems studied and the solutions obtained, and, on the other hand, by the many application domains-computer graphics, geographic in formation systems (GIS), robotics, and others-in which geometric algorithms playafundamental role. For many geometric problems the early algorithmic solutions were either slow or difficult to understand and implement. In recent years a number of new algorithmic techniques have been developed that improved and simplified many of the previous approaches. In this textbook we have tried to make these modem algorithmic solutions accessible to a large audience. The book has been written as a textbook for a course in computational geometry, but it can also be used for self-study. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Advanced Calculus Patrick Fitzpatrick, 2009 Advanced Calculus is intended as a text for courses that furnish the backbone of the student's undergraduate education in mathematical analysis. The goal is to rigorously present the fundamental concepts within the context of illuminating examples and stimulating exercises. This book is self-contained and starts with the creation of basic tools using the completeness axiom. The continuity, differentiability, integrability, and power series representation properties of functions of a single variable are established. The next few chapters describe the topological and metric properties of Euclidean space. These are the basis of a rigorous treatment of differential calculus (including the Implicit Function Theorem and Lagrange Multipliers) for mappings between Euclidean spaces and integration for functions of several real variables.--pub. desc. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Proofs and Fundamentals Ethan D. Bloch, 2013-12-01 In an effort to make advanced mathematics accessible to a wide variety of students, and to give even the most mathematically inclined students a solid basis upon which to build their continuing study of mathematics, there has been a tendency in recent years to introduce students to the for mulation and writing of rigorous mathematical proofs, and to teach topics such as sets, functions, relations and countability, in a transition course, rather than in traditional courses such as linear algebra. A transition course functions as a bridge between computational courses such as Calculus, and more theoretical courses such as linear algebra and abstract algebra. This text contains core topics that I believe any transition course should cover, as well as some optional material intended to give the instructor some flexibility in designing a course. The presentation is straightforward and focuses on the essentials, without being too elementary, too exces sively pedagogical, and too full to distractions. Some of features of this text are the following: (1) Symbolic logic and the use of logical notation are kept to a minimum. We discuss only what is absolutely necessary - as is the case in most advanced mathematics courses that are not focused on logic per se. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Analysis I Terence Tao, 2016-08-29 This is part one of a two-volume book on real analysis and is intended for senior undergraduate students of mathematics who have already been exposed to calculus. The emphasis is on rigour and foundations of analysis. Beginning with the construction of the number systems and set theory, the book discusses the basics of analysis (limits, series, continuity, differentiation, Riemann integration), through to power series, several variable calculus and Fourier analysis, and then finally the Lebesgue integral. These are almost entirely set in the concrete setting of the real line and Euclidean spaces, although there is some material on abstract metric and topological spaces. The book also has appendices on mathematical logic and the decimal system. The entire text (omitting some less central topics) can be taught in two quarters of 25–30 lectures each. The course material is deeply intertwined with the exercises, as it is intended that the student actively learn the material (and practice thinking and writing rigorously) by proving several of the key results in the theory. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Statistics Michael Sullivan, 2013 This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Michael Sullivan's Statistics: Informed Decisions Using Data, Fourth Edition, connects statistical concepts to students' lives, helping them to think critically, become informed consumers, and make better decisions. Throughout the book, Putting It Together features help students visualize the relationships among various statistical concepts. This feature extends to the exercises, providing a consistent vision of the bigger picture of statistics. This book follows the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE), as recommended by the American Statistical Association, and emphasizes statistical literacy, use of real data and technology, conceptual understanding, and active learning. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Introduction to Real Analysis, Fourth Edition Donald R. Sherbert, Robert G. Bartle, 2020-09-08 Introduction to Real Analysis, Fourth Edition by Robert G. BartleDonald R. Sherbert The first three editions were very well received and this edition maintains the samespirit and user-friendly approach as earlier editions. Every section has been examined.Some sections have been revised, new examples and exercises have been added, and a newsection on the Darboux approach to the integral has been added to Chapter 7. There is morematerial than can be covered in a semester and instructors will need to make selections andperhaps use certain topics as honors or extra credit projects.To provide some help for students in analyzing proofs of theorems, there is anappendix on ''Logic and Proofs'' that discusses topics such as implications, negations,contrapositives, and different types of proofs. However, it is a more useful experience tolearn how to construct proofs by first watching and then doing than by reading abouttechniques of proof.Results and proofs are given at a medium level of generality. For instance, continuousfunctions on closed, bounded intervals are studied in detail, but the proofs can be readilyadapted to a more general situation. This approach is used to advantage in Chapter 11where topological concepts are discussed. There are a large number of examples toillustrate the concepts, and extensive lists of exercises to challenge students and to aid themin understanding the significance of the theorems.Chapter 1 has a brief summary of the notions and notations for sets and functions thatwill be used. A discussion of Mathematical Induction is given, since inductive proofs arisefrequently. There is also a section on finite, countable and infinite sets. This chapter canused to provide some practice in proofs, or covered quickly, or used as background materialand returning later as necessary.Chapter 2 presents the properties of the real number system. The first two sections dealwith Algebraic and Order properties, and the crucial Completeness Property is given inSection 2.3 as the Supremum Property. Its ramifications are discussed throughout theremainder of the chapter.In Chapter 3, a thorough treatment of sequences is given, along with the associatedlimit concepts. The material is of the greatest importance. Students find it rather naturalthough it takes time for them to become accustomed to the use of epsilon. A briefintroduction to Infinite Series is given in Section 3.7, with more advanced materialpresented in Chapter 9 Chapter 4 on limits of functions and Chapter 5 on continuous functions constitute theheart of the book. The discussion of limits and continuity relies heavily on the use ofsequences, and the closely parallel approach of these chapters reinforces the understandingof these essential topics. The fundamental properties of continuous functions on intervalsare discussed in Sections 5.3 and 5.4. The notion of a gauge is introduced in Section 5.5 andused to give alternate proofs of these theorems. Monotone functions are discussed inSection 5.6.The basic theory of the derivative is given in the first part of Chapter 6. This material isstandard, except a result of Caratheodory is used to give simpler proofs of the Chain Ruleand the Inversion Theorem. The remainder of the chapter consists of applications of theMean Value Theorem and may be explored as time permits.In Chapter 7, the Riemann integral is defined in Section 7.1 as a limit of Riemannsums. This has the advantage that it is consistent with the students' first exposure to theintegral in calculus, and since it is not dependent on order properties, it permits immediategeneralization to complex- and vector-values functions that students may encounter in latercourses. It is also consistent with the generalized Riemann integral that is discussed inChapter 10. Sections 7.2 and 7.3 develop properties of the integral and establish theFundamental Theorem and many more |
chegg mathematical proofs: Probability and Bayesian Modeling Jim Albert, Jingchen Hu, 2019-12-06 Probability and Bayesian Modeling is an introduction to probability and Bayesian thinking for undergraduate students with a calculus background. The first part of the book provides a broad view of probability including foundations, conditional probability, discrete and continuous distributions, and joint distributions. Statistical inference is presented completely from a Bayesian perspective. The text introduces inference and prediction for a single proportion and a single mean from Normal sampling. After fundamentals of Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms are introduced, Bayesian inference is described for hierarchical and regression models including logistic regression. The book presents several case studies motivated by some historical Bayesian studies and the authors’ research. This text reflects modern Bayesian statistical practice. Simulation is introduced in all the probability chapters and extensively used in the Bayesian material to simulate from the posterior and predictive distributions. One chapter describes the basic tenets of Metropolis and Gibbs sampling algorithms; however several chapters introduce the fundamentals of Bayesian inference for conjugate priors to deepen understanding. Strategies for constructing prior distributions are described in situations when one has substantial prior information and for cases where one has weak prior knowledge. One chapter introduces hierarchical Bayesian modeling as a practical way of combining data from different groups. There is an extensive discussion of Bayesian regression models including the construction of informative priors, inference about functions of the parameters of interest, prediction, and model selection. The text uses JAGS (Just Another Gibbs Sampler) as a general-purpose computational method for simulating from posterior distributions for a variety of Bayesian models. An R package ProbBayes is available containing all of the book datasets and special functions for illustrating concepts from the book. A complete solutions manual is available for instructors who adopt the book in the Additional Resources section. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Partial Differential Equations and Boundary-Value Problems with Applications Mark A. Pinsky, 2011 Building on the basic techniques of separation of variables and Fourier series, the book presents the solution of boundary-value problems for basic partial differential equations: the heat equation, wave equation, and Laplace equation, considered in various standard coordinate systems--rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical. Each of the equations is derived in the three-dimensional context; the solutions are organized according to the geometry of the coordinate system, which makes the mathematics especially transparent. Bessel and Legendre functions are studied and used whenever appropriate throughout the text. The notions of steady-state solution of closely related stationary solutions are developed for the heat equation; applications to the study of heat flow in the earth are presented. The problem of the vibrating string is studied in detail both in the Fourier transform setting and from the viewpoint of the explicit representation (d'Alembert formula). Additional chapters include the numerical analysis of solutions and the method of Green's functions for solutions of partial differential equations. The exposition also includes asymptotic methods (Laplace transform and stationary phase). With more than 200 working examples and 700 exercises (more than 450 with answers), the book is suitable for an undergraduate course in partial differential equations. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications Kenneth H. Rosen, 2018-05 A precise, relevant, comprehensive approach to mathematical concepts... |
chegg mathematical proofs: An Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning Peter J. Eccles, 1997-12-11 ÍNDICE: Part I. Mathematical Statements and Proofs: 1. The language of mathematics; 2. Implications; 3. Proofs; 4. Proof by contradiction; 5. The induction principle; Part II. Sets and Functions: 6. The language of set theory; 7. Quantifiers; 8. Functions; 9. Injections, surjections and bijections; Part III. Numbers and Counting: 10. Counting; 11. Properties of finite sets; 12. Counting functions and subsets; 13. Number systems; 14. Counting infinite sets; Part IV. Arithmetic: 15. The division theorem; 16. The Euclidean algorithm; 17. Consequences of the Euclidean algorithm; 18. Linear diophantine equations; Part V. Modular Arithmetic: 19. Congruences of integers; 20. Linear congruences; 21. Congruence classes and the arithmetic of remainders; 22. Partitions and equivalence relations; Part VI. Prime Numbers: 23. The sequence of prime numbers; 24. Congruence modulo a prime; Solutions to exercises. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Feedback Systems Karl Johan Åström, Richard Murray, 2021-02-02 The essential introduction to the principles and applications of feedback systems—now fully revised and expanded This textbook covers the mathematics needed to model, analyze, and design feedback systems. Now more user-friendly than ever, this revised and expanded edition of Feedback Systems is a one-volume resource for students and researchers in mathematics and engineering. It has applications across a range of disciplines that utilize feedback in physical, biological, information, and economic systems. Karl Åström and Richard Murray use techniques from physics, computer science, and operations research to introduce control-oriented modeling. They begin with state space tools for analysis and design, including stability of solutions, Lyapunov functions, reachability, state feedback observability, and estimators. The matrix exponential plays a central role in the analysis of linear control systems, allowing a concise development of many of the key concepts for this class of models. Åström and Murray then develop and explain tools in the frequency domain, including transfer functions, Nyquist analysis, PID control, frequency domain design, and robustness. Features a new chapter on design principles and tools, illustrating the types of problems that can be solved using feedback Includes a new chapter on fundamental limits and new material on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and root locus plots Provides exercises at the end of every chapter Comes with an electronic solutions manual An ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate students Indispensable for researchers seeking a self-contained resource on control theory |
chegg mathematical proofs: Student Cheating and Plagiarism in the Internet Era Ann Lathrop, Kathleen Foss, 2000-06-15 Offers ideas and strategies to educators and parents for combating the increase in cheating and plagiarizing that has accompanied access to the Internet, discussing the extent of the problem, looking at high- and low-tech defenses against cheating, and examining ways to make it more difficult to cheat. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Advanced Engineering Mathematics Dennis Zill, Warren S. Wright, Michael R. Cullen, 2011 Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... a chapter on engineering statistics and probability / by N. Bali, M. Goyal, and C. Watkins.--CD-ROM label. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Mathematical Methods Sadri Hassani, 2013-11-11 Intended to follow the usual introductory physics courses, this book has the unique feature of addressing the mathematical needs of sophomores and juniors in physics, engineering and other related fields. Beginning with reviews of vector algebra and differential and integral calculus, the book continues with infinite series, vector analysis, complex algebra and analysis, ordinary and partial differential equations. Discussions of numerical analysis, nonlinear dynamics and chaos, and the Dirac delta function provide an introduction to modern topics in mathematical physics. This new edition has been made more user-friendly through organization into convenient, shorter chapters. Also, it includes an entirely new section on Probability and plenty of new material on tensors and integral transforms. Some praise for the previous edition: The book has many strengths. For example: Each chapter starts with a preamble that puts the chapters in context. Often, the author uses physical examples to motivate definitions, illustrate relationships, or culminate the development of particular mathematical strands. The use of Maxwell's equations to cap the presentation of vector calculus, a discussion that includes some tidbits about what led Maxwell to the displacement current, is a particularly enjoyable example. Historical touches like this are not isolated cases; the book includes a large number of notes on people and ideas, subtly reminding the student that science and mathematics are continuing and fascinating human activities. --Physics Today Very well written (i.e., extremely readable), very well targeted (mainly to an average student of physics at a point of just leaving his/her sophomore level) and very well concentrated (to an author's apparently beloved subject of PDE's with applications and with all their necessary pedagogically-mathematical background)...The main merits of the text are its clarity (achieved via returns and innovations of the context), balance (building the subject step by step) and originality (recollect: the existence of the complex numbers is only admitted far in the second half of the text!). Last but not least, the student reader is impressed by the graphical quality of the text (figures first of all, but also boxes with the essentials, summarizing comments in the left column etc.)...Summarizing: Well done. --Zentralblatt MATH |
chegg mathematical proofs: Algebra I. Martin Isaacs, 2009 as a student. --Book Jacket. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Advanced Engineering Mathematics Michael Greenberg, 2013-09-20 Appropriate for one- or two-semester Advanced Engineering Mathematics courses in departments of Mathematics and Engineering. This clear, pedagogically rich book develops a strong understanding of the mathematical principles and practices that today's engineers and scientists need to know. Equally effective as either a textbook or reference manual, it approaches mathematical concepts from a practical-use perspective making physical applications more vivid and substantial. Its comprehensive instructional framework supports a conversational, down-to-earth narrative style offering easy accessibility and frequent opportunities for application and reinforcement. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Dyslexia and Mathematics Thomas Richard Miles, Elaine Miles, 1992 Dyslexia is seen primarily as a limitation in the ability to deal with symbolic material. As far as the symbols of mathematics are concerned, therefore, special teaching techniques are needed, just as they are for the teaching of reading and spelling. The book contains a wealth of material on individual cases and on children of different ages. Two central themes are discussed: first, that dyslexics need to carry out the operations of adding, dividing, and so on, before being introduced to the symbolism; and second that, because of their difficulties with rote learning, they need to be shown the many regularities and patterns which can be found in the number system. All the contributors have had experience of teaching dyslexic children at various levels. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Mathematics for Computer Science Eric Lehman, F. Thomson Leighton, Albert R. Meyer, 2017-06-05 This book covers elementary discrete mathematics for computer science and engineering. It emphasizes mathematical definitions and proofs as well as applicable methods. Topics include formal logic notation, proof methods; induction, well-ordering; sets, relations; elementary graph theory; integer congruences; asymptotic notation and growth of functions; permutations and combinations, counting principles; discrete probability. Further selected topics may also be covered, such as recursive definition and structural induction; state machines and invariants; recurrences; generating functions. The color images and text in this book have been converted to grayscale. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Discrete Mathematics Susanna S. Epp, 2011 |
chegg mathematical proofs: Discrete Dynamical Systems James T. Sandefur, 1990 This textbook is an elementary introduction to the world of dynamical systems and Chaos. Dynamical systems provide a mathematical means of modeling and analysing aspects of the changing world around us. The aim of this ground-breaking new text is to introduce the reader both to the wide variety of techniques used to study dynamical systems and to their many applications. In particular, investigation of dynamical systems leads to the important concepts of stability, strange attractors, Chaos, and fractals. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Principles of Mathematical Analysis Walter Rudin, 1976 The third edition of this well known text continues to provide a solid foundation in mathematical analysis for undergraduate and first-year graduate students. The text begins with a discussion of the real number system as a complete ordered field. (Dedekind's construction is now treated in an appendix to Chapter I.) The topological background needed for the development of convergence, continuity, differentiation and integration is provided in Chapter 2. There is a new section on the gamma function, and many new and interesting exercises are included. This text is part of the Walter Rudin Student Series in Advanced Mathematics. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science John Schlipf, Sue Whitesides, Gary Haggard, 2020-09-22 Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science by Gary Haggard , John Schlipf , Sue Whitesides A major aim of this book is to help you develop mathematical maturity-elusive as thisobjective may be. We interpret this as preparing you to understand how to do proofs ofresults about discrete structures that represent concepts you deal with in computer science.A correct proof can be viewed as a set of reasoned steps that persuade another student,the course grader, or the instructor about the truth of the assertion. Writing proofs is hardwork even for the most experienced person, but it is a skill that needs to be developedthrough practice. We can only encourage you to be patient with the process. Keep tryingout your proofs on other students, graders, and instructors to gain the confidence that willhelp you in using proofs as a natural part of your ability to solve problems and understandnew material. The six chapters referred to contain the fundamental topics. Thesechapters are used to guide students in learning how to express mathematically precise ideasin the language of mathematics.The two chapters dealing with graph theory and combinatorics are also core materialfor a discrete structures course, but this material always seems more intuitive to studentsthan the formalism of the first four chapters. Topics from the first four chapters are freelyused in these later chapters. The chapter on discrete probability builds on the chapter oncombinatorics. The chapter on the analysis of algorithms uses notions from the core chap-ters but can be presented at an informal level to motivate the topic without spending a lot oftime with the details of the chapter. Finally, the chapter on recurrence relations primarilyuses the early material on induction and an intuitive understanding of the chapter on theanalysis of algorithms. The material in Chapters 1 through 4 deals with sets, logic, relations, and functions.This material should be mastered by all students. A course can cover this material at differ-ent levels and paces depending on the program and the background of the students whenthey take the course. Chapter 6 introduces graph theory, with an emphasis on examplesthat are encountered in computer science. Undirected graphs, trees, and directed graphsare studied. Chapter 7 deals with counting and combinatorics, with topics ranging from theaddition and multiplication principles to permutations and combinations of distinguishableor indistinguishable sets of elements to combinatorial identities.Enrichment topics such as relational databases, languages and regular sets, uncom-putability, finite probability, and recurrence relations all provide insights regarding howdiscrete structures describe the important notions studied and used in computer science.Obviously, these additional topics cannot be dealt with along with the all the core materialin a one-semester course, but the topics provide attractive alternatives for a variety of pro-grams. This text can also be used as a reference in courses. The many problems provideample opportunity for students to deal with the material presented. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Signals, Systems, and Transforms Charles L. Phillips, John Parr, Eve Riskin, 2011-11-21 This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. For sophomore/junior-level signals and systems courses in Electrical and Computer Engineering departments. Signals, Systems, and Transforms, Fourth Edition is ideal for electrical and computer engineers. The text provides a clear, comprehensive presentation of both the theory and applications in signals, systems, and transforms. It presents the mathematical background of signals and systems, including the Fourier transform, the Fourier series, the Laplace transform, the discrete-time and the discrete Fourier transforms, and the z-transform. The text integrates MATLAB examples into the presentation of signal and system theory and applications. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Real Analysis Halsey Royden, Patrick Fitzpatrick, 2018 This text is designed for graduate-level courses in real analysis. Real Analysis, 4th Edition, covers the basic material that every graduate student should know in the classical theory of functions of a real variable, measure and integration theory, and some of the more important and elementary topics in general topology and normed linear space theory. This text assumes a general background in undergraduate mathematics and familiarity with the material covered in an undergraduate course on the fundamental concepts of analysis. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Measure, Integration & Real Analysis Sheldon Axler, 2019-12-24 This open access textbook welcomes students into the fundamental theory of measure, integration, and real analysis. Focusing on an accessible approach, Axler lays the foundations for further study by promoting a deep understanding of key results. Content is carefully curated to suit a single course, or two-semester sequence of courses, creating a versatile entry point for graduate studies in all areas of pure and applied mathematics. Motivated by a brief review of Riemann integration and its deficiencies, the text begins by immersing students in the concepts of measure and integration. Lebesgue measure and abstract measures are developed together, with each providing key insight into the main ideas of the other approach. Lebesgue integration links into results such as the Lebesgue Differentiation Theorem. The development of products of abstract measures leads to Lebesgue measure on Rn. Chapters on Banach spaces, Lp spaces, and Hilbert spaces showcase major results such as the Hahn–Banach Theorem, Hölder’s Inequality, and the Riesz Representation Theorem. An in-depth study of linear maps on Hilbert spaces culminates in the Spectral Theorem and Singular Value Decomposition for compact operators, with an optional interlude in real and complex measures. Building on the Hilbert space material, a chapter on Fourier analysis provides an invaluable introduction to Fourier series and the Fourier transform. The final chapter offers a taste of probability. Extensively class tested at multiple universities and written by an award-winning mathematical expositor, Measure, Integration & Real Analysis is an ideal resource for students at the start of their journey into graduate mathematics. A prerequisite of elementary undergraduate real analysis is assumed; students and instructors looking to reinforce these ideas will appreciate the electronic Supplement for Measure, Integration & Real Analysis that is freely available online. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications Kenneth Rosen, 2016-07-19 |
chegg mathematical proofs: Probability David J. Morin, 2016 Preface -- Combinatorics -- Probability -- Expectation values -- Distributions -- Gaussian approximations -- Correlation and regression -- Appendices. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Notes on Diffy Qs Jiri Lebl, 2019-11-13 Version 6.0. An introductory course on differential equations aimed at engineers. The book covers first order ODEs, higher order linear ODEs, systems of ODEs, Fourier series and PDEs, eigenvalue problems, the Laplace transform, and power series methods. It has a detailed appendix on linear algebra. The book was developed and used to teach Math 286/285 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and in the decade since, it has been used in many classrooms, ranging from small community colleges to large public research universities. See https: //www.jirka.org/diffyqs/ for more information, updates, errata, and a list of classroom adoptions. |
chegg mathematical proofs: Calculus On Manifolds Michael Spivak, 1971-01-22 This little book is especially concerned with those portions of ”advanced calculus” in which the subtlety of the concepts and methods makes rigor difficult to attain at an elementary level. The approach taken here uses elementary versions of modern methods found in sophisticated mathematics. The formal prerequisites include only a term of linear algebra, a nodding acquaintance with the notation of set theory, and a respectable first-year calculus course (one which at least mentions the least upper bound (sup) and greatest lower bound (inf) of a set of real numbers). Beyond this a certain (perhaps latent) rapport with abstract mathematics will be found almost essential. |
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