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| cartel meaning in economics: Hub-and-Spoke Cartels Luke Garrod, Joseph E. Harrington, Jr., Matthew Olczak, 2021-11-16 The first comprehensive economic and legal analysis of hub-and-spoke cartels, with detailed case studies. A cartel forms when competitors conspire to limit competition through coordinated actions. Most cartels are composed exclusively of firms that would otherwise be in competition, but in a hub-and-spoke cartel, those competitors (“spokes”) conspire with the assistance of an upstream supplier or a downstream buyer (“hub”). This book provides the first comprehensive economic and legal analysis of hub-and-spoke cartels, explaining their formation and how they operate to create and sustain a collusive environment. Sixteen detailed case studies, including cases brought against toy manufacturer Hasbro and the Apple ebook case, illustrate the economic framework and legal strategies discussed. The authors identify three types of hub-and-spoke cartels: when an upstream firm facilitates downstream firms to coordinate on higher prices; when a downstream intermediary facilitates upstream suppliers to coordinate on higher prices; and when a downstream firm facilitates upstream suppliers to exclude a downstream rival. They devote a chapter to each type, discussing the formation, coordination, enforcement, efficacy, and prosecution of these cartels, and consider general lessons that can be drawn from the case studies. Finally, they present strategies for prosecuting hub-and-spoke collusion. The book is written to be accessible to both economists and lawyers, and is intended for both scholars and practitioners. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Hard Core Cartels Recent progress and challenges ahead OECD, 2003-05-27 This book reviews progress in the fight against hard core cartels. It quantifies the harm caused by cartels and identifies improved methods of investigation. It also examines progress in strengthening sanctions against businesses and individuals. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Narconomics Tom Wainwright, 2016-02-23 Picking his way through Andean cocaine fields, Central American prisons, Colorado pot shops, and the online drug dens of the Dark Web, Tom Wainwright provides a fresh, innovative look into the drug trade and its 250 million customers. More than just an investigation of how drug cartels do business, Narconomics is also a blueprint for how to defeat them. How does a budding cartel boss succeed (and survive) in the 300 billion illegal drug business? By learning from the best, of course. From creating brand value to fine-tuning customer service, the folks running cartels have been attentive students of the strategy and tactics used by corporations such as Walmart, McDonald's, and Coca-Cola. And what can government learn to combat this scourge? By analyzing the cartels as companies, law enforcers might better understand how they work -- and stop throwing away 100 billion a year in a futile effort to win the war against this global, highly organized business. Your intrepid guide to the most exotic and brutal industry on earth is Tom Wainwright. Picking his way through Andean cocaine fields, Central American prisons, Colorado pot shops, and the online drug dens of the Dark Web, Wainwright provides a fresh, innovative look into the drug trade and its 250 million customers. The cast of characters includes Bin Laden, the Bolivian coca guide; Old Lin, the Salvadoran gang leader; Starboy, the millionaire New Zealand pill maker; and a cozy Mexican grandmother who cooks blueberry pancakes while plotting murder. Along with presidents, cops, and teenage hitmen, they explain such matters as the business purpose for head-to-toe tattoos, how gangs decide whether to compete or collude, and why cartels care a surprising amount about corporate social responsibility. More than just an investigation of how drug cartels do business, Narconomics is also a blueprint for how to defeat them. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Cartel law of the European Economic Community Frederick Honig, 1963 |
| cartel meaning in economics: Revival: Cartels, Concerns and Trusts (1932) Robert Liefmann, 2018-05-08 This volume makes available to English readers the best known and most frequently quoted study of industrial combination from the German point of view. There is an abundance of literature on the trusts, from economists who have lived close to that evolution, and the trusts, by their more challenging position, were for two decades the centre of the discussion which turned on what in industry was safe for democracy. Meanwhile, in Germany, the alternative of the cartel was having a less noticed a controversial development, until in Westphalia there was created, out of lower forms, a working model which was new and unique in the manner in which it related producers to each other and to the market. In only a few industries has this model been fully established; but it presents a rival type to the trusts, and places the problem of combination on a different basis of analysis and tendency. The distinction between these two forms may be a matter of industries, or of national law and psychology; or they may work together, the cartel being the general envelop within which fusions are created, the types are nevertheless distinct, so much so that ‘rationalization’, as a general term, rather denotes than defines them both. IN America, the Cartel is illegal, so that industry has sought its administrative solution in fusions; in England trusts and cartels co-exist; in Germany, they are interlaced, great trusts having their feet in one cartel, their shoulders in another and their heads in a third. |
| cartel meaning in economics: The Impact of Cartels on National Economy and Competitiveness Jurgita Bruneckienė, Irena Pekarskienė, Andrius Guzavičius, Oksana Palekienė, Jūratė Šovienė, 2015-06-09 The book presents theoretical and empirical research on the integrated assessment of cartels’ effects on national economies. The empirical analysis is based on three cases in Lithuania, a country chosen because it corresponds to the features of a small economy with a developing culture of competition. An integrated assessment of a cartel’s impact by measuring the net economic effect created by its operations on the market is extremely important at the scale of national economies. If a cartel’s true impact is not identified and evaluated, it is impossible to make important strategic decisions, for the whole economy instead of individual affected parties and to establish an optimum baseline for mitigating the harm done to the economy. Thus, an integrated cartel impact assessment can help to more proactively combat cartel agreements on the market and improve the economic welfare of the respective country. |
| cartel meaning in economics: An Economic History of Organized Crime Dennis M.P. McCarthy, 2011-05-15 This book is a comparative study of organized crime groups from five different parts of the world: Europe; North America; Central America/South America/Caribbean basin; Africa; and Asia/Western Pacific. Each part contains two case studies and a shorter essay, a vignette. From Europe the case studies focus on the Italian mafias and the Russian mafia; the vignette, on the Albanian mafia. From North America the case studies highlight the US Mafia and the Mexican drug cartels; the vignette, organized crime in Canada. From Central America/South America/Caribbean basin the case studies concentrate on the Colombian drug cartels and gangs of the Caribbean; the vignette, on organized crime in Cuba. From Africa the case studies examine resource wars and Somali piracy; the vignette, relations among international drugs trafficking, organized crime, and terrorism in North and West Africa. And from Asia/Western Pacific the case studies spotlight the Chinese Triads and Japanese Yakuza; the vignette, relations among international drugs trafficking, organized crime, and terrorism in Afghanistan. Written in non-specialist language, An Economic History of Organized Crime provides an original overview of a crucial problem of our times: the growing scourge of global organized crime. This book can be read with profit by the general public, but it also has value for academic specialists and professionals in law enforcement. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Terms of Trade Alan V. Deardorff, 2014 Have you ever wondered what a term in international economics means? This useful reference book offers a glossary of terms in both international trade and international finance, with emphasis on economic issues. It is intended for students getting their first exposure to international economics, although advanced students will also find it useful for some of the more obscure terms that they have forgotten or never encountered. Besides an extensive glossary of terms that has been expanded about 50% from the first edition, there is a picture gallery of diagrams used to explain key concepts such as the Edgeworth Production Box and the Offer Curve Diagram in international economics. This section is followed by over 30 lists of terms that occur a lot in international economics, grouped by subject to help users find terms that they cannot recall. Prior to an enlarged bibliography is an expanded section on the origins of terms in international economics, which records what the author has been able to learn about the origins of some of the terms used in international economics. This is a must-have portable glossary in international trade and international economics!. Sample Chapter(s). Glossary of Terms in International Economics (1,370 KB). Contents: Glossary of Terms in International Economics: A-Z; 0OCo9; Picture Gallery: Edgeworth Production Box; Integrated World Economy Diagram; IS-LM-BP Diagram; Lerner Diagram; Offer Curve Diagram; Specific-Factors Model; Tariff in Partial Equilibrium; Trade and Transformation Curve Diagram; Lists of Terms in International Economics by Subject: Arguments for Protection; Central Banks; Countertrade; Country Groups; Crises; Development Banks; Effects; Empirical Findings; Exchange Regimes; Fragmentation: Terms and Types; GATT and WTO Ministerials; GATT Articles; Indexes; International Classification Systems; International Commodity Agreements and Organizations; Memberships; Models; Nontariff Barriers; Other Nontariff Measures; Paradoxes and Puzzles; Preferential Trading Arrangements; Product-Specific Agreements, Institutions, and Conflicts; Regional Commissions for Economic and Social Development; Spanish Acronyms in International Economics; Techniques of Analysis; Terms of Trade Definitions; Theoretical Propositions; Trade Disputes; Trade Ministries; Trade Rounds; UNCTAD Meetings; United Nations Organizations; United States Government Units (Dealing with International Economic Matters); Origins of Certain Key Terms in International Economics. Readership: Undergraduates and graduate students in international economics; government and industry personnel related to international economics and finance. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Cartels and Economic Collusion Michael A. Utton, 2011-01-01 Adam Smith warned of the prevalence of corporate conspiracies more than two hundred years ago. Since then, interest in cartels has sometimes intensified (during the Great Depression, for example) and sometimes diminished, but the need for control has always remained on the antitrust agenda. This well-documented book reviews the economic case against corporate collusion, as well as the arguments made for a more permissive attitude. A survey of recent empirical research reveals not only the prevalence of a wide range of international cartels but also the size of the inefficiencies and costs that they impose on customers and consumers. The antitrust reaction has therefore intensified with greatly increased fines being imposed by the US, the EU and other authorities. At the same time, they have developed sophisticated leniency polices with the aim of destabilizing the illegal conspiracies. After reviewing these measures, the author concludes with the hope that this toughened approach is not modified or reversed during periods of recession. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Competition Policy Louis Phlips, 1995-10-19 This book uses game theory to analyse anti-competitive behaviour among firms and to consider its implications for competition policy. Part I focuses on 'explicit collusion': the author proves that 'four are few and six are many', and shows how cartels can be enforced under imperfect and incomplete information. Part II on 'tacit collusion' discusses the informational requirements of collusion detection in noncooperative repeated games. In Part III on 'semicollusion', excess capacity is shown to reinforce collusion. Part IV is devoted to the detection of predatory pricing. In this book, Louis Phlips applies the latest economic theory to a discussion of several European antitrust decisions and empirical studies. The presentation of case studies, combined with a clear exposition of the theory, will make this book invaluable to teachers and students of competition policy. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Foundations of Economics Shawn Ritenour, 2010-01-01 Foundations of Economics: A Christian View is an introduction to economics from an explicitly Christian perspective. It maintains that there is no conflict between Christian doctrine and economic science, properly understood. Therefore, Foundations of Economics has three goals: to demonstrate that the foundations of economic laws are derived from a Christian understanding of nature and humanity; to explain basic economic principles of the market economy and apply them to various economic problems, such as poverty and economic development; and to show the relationship between Christian ethics and economic policy. Foundations of Economics: A Christian View accomplishes these goals by rooting the fundamental principles of human action in the Christian doctrines of creation and humanity, and integrating them with the Christian ethic of private property. This volume explains the relevance of economics for fulfilling the cultural mandate set forth in the first two chapters of Genesis, by demonstrating how economics can help us in our task to be fruitful and multiply and have dominion over the earth, without spoiling creation, starving to death, or descending into a barbaric struggle for survival. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Economics for Competition Lawyers Gunnar Niels, Helen Jenkins, James Kavanagh, 2011-04-07 Economics for Competition Lawyers provides a comprehensive explanation of the economic principles most relevant for competition law. Written specifically for competition lawyers, it uses real-world examples, is non-technical, and explains the key points from first principles. |
| cartel meaning in economics: The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management , 2018-05-04 The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management has been written by an international team of leading academics, practitioners and rising stars and contains almost 550 individually commissioned entries. It is the first resource of its kind to pull together such a comprehensive overview of the field and covers both the theoretical and more empirically/practitioner oriented side of the discipline. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Democracy and the Cartelization of Political Parties Richard S. Katz, Peter Mair, 2018-07-11 Political parties have long been recognized as essential institutions of democratic governance. Both the organization of parties, and their relationships with citizens, the state, and each other have evolved since the rise of liberal democracy in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Going into the 21st century, it appears that parties losing popular support, putting both parties, and potentially democracy, in peril. This book traces the evolution of parties from the model of the mass party, through the catch-all party model, to argue that by the late 20th century the principal governing parties and (and their allied smaller parties - collectively the political 'mainstream') were effectively forming a cartel, in which the form of competition might remain, and indeed even appear to intensify, while its substance was increasingly hollowed out. The spoils of office were increasingly shared rather than restricted to the temporary winners; contentious policy questions were kept off the political agenda, and competition shifted from large questions of policy to minor questions of managerial competence. To support this cartel, the internal arrangements of parties changed to privilege the party in public office over the party on the ground. The unintended consequence has been to stimulate the rise of extra-cartel challengers to these cozy arrangements in the form of anti-party-system parties and populist oppositions on the left, but especially on the right. Comparative Politics is a series for researchers, teachers, and students of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit: www.ecprnet.eu. The series is edited by Emilie van Haute, Professor of Political Science, Université libre de Bruxelles; Ferdinand Müller-Rommel, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University; and Susan Scarrow, John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science, University of Houston. |
| cartel meaning in economics: In Defense of Monopoly Richard B. McKenzie, Dwight R. Lee, 2008-02-04 A provocative defense of market dominance |
| cartel meaning in economics: Economics The Economist, Richard Davies, 2015-10-27 The world of economics is changing. Years of turmoil in the global economy mean that nothing will ever be quite the same again. This is the starting point and theme of this radically revised Economist books classic, now available for the first time in America. Richard Davies, economics editor of The Economist, takes us on a journey through the paper's own analysis of the state of the world's economies, how we reached this point and what to expect in the next decade. He explores: what's gone wrong since 2008, why it's happened and how we can stop it happening again; the shifting focus of economics from banking to labor economics; the future hopes and challenges for the world economy. Along the way, we encounter the global economy laid bare, from banks, panics, and crashes to innovative new policies to improve how markets function; from discussions around jobs, pay, and inequality to the promise of innovation and productivity; from the implications of emerging markets and the globalization of trade through to the sharing economy and the economics of Google and eBay. The result is a fascinating review of the global economy and the changing role of economics in the new world order. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Research Handbook on Cartels Peter Whelan, 2023-03-02 Drawing together a variety of perspectives, this accessible yet comprehensive Research Handbook provides an in-depth analysis of the most significant issues pertaining to the legal regulation of cartels. An interdisciplinary team of respected experts explores the theoretical, legal, economic, political, and comparative discourse surrounding cartel regulation. |
| cartel meaning in economics: A Dictionary of Economics and Commerce T. E. Daniel-Kagbare, 2014-03-17 This book meets the requirements of the West African School Certificate (Ordinary Level), syllabus and similar exams. Students at the intermediate and undergraduate levels will also find it very useful. With thousands of entries, this book is rich in economic theory and history, statistics, diagrams and worked examples. It is intended to teach and enable the user to grapple with these subjects academically in a way that makes the subjects alive, and broadens and sharpens the outlook and worldview of the user. It is a handy resource material for the curious, intelligent reader - student, professional, executive, businessman etc. - and indeed anyone intent on making sense of the economic environment. |
| cartel meaning in economics: The Oxford Handbook of Strategy Implementation Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, Mike Wright, 2017-02-02 Many strategies fail not because they are improperly formulated but because they are poorly implemented. The Oxford Handbook of Strategy Implementation examines the crucial role of implementation in how business and managerial strategies produce returns. In this wide-ranging collection of essays, leading scholars address governance, resources, human capital, and accounting-based control systems, advancing our understanding of strategy implementation and identifying opportunities for future research on this important process. |
| cartel meaning in economics: The Theory of Collusion and Competition Policy Joseph E. Harrington, Jr., 2017-11-24 A review of the theoretical research on unlawful collusion, focusing on the impact and optimal design of competition law and enforcement. Collusion occurs when firms in a market coordinate their behavior for the purpose of producing a supracompetitive outcome. The literature on the theory of collusion is deep and broad but most of that work does not take account of the possible illegality of collusion. Recently, there has been a growing body of research that explicitly focuses on collusion that runs afoul of competition law and thereby makes firms potentially liable for penalties. This book, by an expert on the subject, reviews the theoretical research on unlawful collusion, with a focus on two issues: the impact of competition law and enforcement on whether, how long, and how much firms collude; and the optimal design of competition law and enforcement. The book begins by discussing general issues that arise when models of collusion take into account competition law and enforcement. It goes on to consider game-theoretic models that encompass the probability of detection and penalties incurred when convicted, and examines how these policy instruments affect the frequency of cartels, cartel duration, cartel participation, and collusive prices. The book then considers the design of competition law and enforcement, examining such topics as the formula for penalties and leniency programs. The book concludes with suggested future lines of inquiry into illegal collusion. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Economics For Dummies Sean Masaki Flynn, 2011-03-10 Grasp the history, principles, theories, and terminology of economics with this updated bestseller Since the initial publication of Economics For Dummies in 2005, the U.S. has endured a number of drastic changes and events that sent its economy into a tailspin. This newly revised edition presents updated material about the recent financial crisis and the steps taken to repair it. Packed with refreshed information and relevant new examples from today's economy, it gives you a straightforward, easy-to-grasp understanding of how the economy functions-and how it influences personal finances. New information on deciphering consumer behavior Refresh coverage of fiscal and monetary policies A new chapter on health care policy and the financial crisis Presenting complex theories in simple terms and helping you decode the jargon, understand the equations, and debunk the common misconceptions, Economics For Dummies tackles the topic in terms you can understand. |
| cartel meaning in economics: World Trade Information Service United States. Bureau of Foreign Commerce, |
| cartel meaning in economics: Economics Patrick J. Welch, Gerry F. Welch, 2016-02-29 Economics: Theory & Practice, 11th Edition by Patrick J. Welch and Gerry F. Welch connects theory to the practice of economics and the everyday world through examples and applications, debates, and critical thinking cases—some that are classics in the field and others that are fresh and up-to-date. Its balanced coverage of microeconomics and macroeconomics, flexibility in topic coverage order, and the use of appendices and chapter sections to shorten or deepen course material offer a choice of levels and sequences for a course. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Traditional Organized Crime in the Modern World Dina Siegel, Henk van de Bunt, 2012-03-23 Despite strenuous efforts from local, national, and international law enforcement, organized crime continues to thrive and prosper—even centuries-old crime outfits are surviving the global forces of mass migration and multinational business and finance. From traditional gangland enterprises such as narcotics, gambling, and prostitution, the world’s mafias have moved into new sources of illegal income, including high-tech arms smuggling, money laundering, and identity fraud. Traditional Crime in the Modern World tracks these organizations—the Italian and Mexican mafias, Columbian drug cartels, Chinese triads, and others—across five continents as they adapt to change, and assesses their prospects in the short and long term. World events such as the collapse of the Soviet Union and the 9/11 terror attacks are discussed in the context of contributing to emerging markets for illicit goods and services, and to evolving partnerships among criminal entities. This timely volume: • Provides a comprehensive overview of how mafia-like structures function today. • Analyzes in depth national crime situations with global implications. • Examines the migration of organized crime groups and their operations in their new countries. • Gauges the influence of digital and other technologies on organized crime. • Where applicable, notes the links between organized crime and national political institutions. • Describes the impact of the global financial crisis on crime organizations. Concise, compelling, and deeply documented, Traditional Crime in the Modern World is an eye-opening resource for researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice, particularly with an interest in organized crime and trafficking, as well as related topics of Demography, Political Science, and International Relations. |
| cartel meaning in economics: International Cartels Ervin Paul Hexner, Adelaide Walters, 1971 |
| cartel meaning in economics: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law Peter Newman, 2016-04-30 A great deal of economics is about law - the functioning of markets, property rights and their enforcement, financial obligations, and so forth - yet these legal aspects are almost never addressed in the academic study of economics. Conversely, the study and practice of law entails a significant understanding of economics, yet the drafting and administration of laws often ignore economic principle. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law is uniquely placed by the quality, breadth and depth of its coverage to address this need for building bridges. Drawn from the ranks of academics, professional lawyers, and economists in eight countries, the 340 contributors include world experts in their fields. Among them are Nobel laureates in economics and eminent legal scholars. First published in 1998 and now available in paperback for the first time, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law has established itself as a classic reference work in this important field. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Personalist Economics Edward J. O'Boyle, 2013-03-14 Personalist Economics: Moral Convictions, Economic Realities, and Social Action examines the nature of the worker and consumer from a personalist perspective, comparing that body of knowledge to what is received from conventional economics. A running theme throughout this book is that personalist economics is attentive to both aspects of human material need - physical need and the need for work as such - in a way that does not disregard human wants. Accordingly, this book is more concerned about the philosophical base and description of the economy's significant characteristics than social economic policy. Personalist Economics explores four dimensions of particularly acute human physical need: unemployment, poverty, homelessness, and death. In addressing these four aspects of need, the book delves into the second and third domains of social economics: description of the significant characteristics of the economy, and social economic policy. In the same way, Personalist Economics explores two types of economic cooperation - supra-firm alliances and inter-firm partnerships - as means for addressing certain aspects of human material need. This book concludes with a lengthy discussion of the challenges facing personalist economics in the years ahead. |
| cartel meaning in economics: The Theory of Collusion and Competition Policy Joseph E. Harrington, Jr., 2017-11-16 A review of the theoretical research on unlawful collusion, focusing on the impact and optimal design of competition law and enforcement. Collusion occurs when firms in a market coordinate their behavior for the purpose of producing a supracompetitive outcome. The literature on the theory of collusion is deep and broad but most of that work does not take account of the possible illegality of collusion. Recently, there has been a growing body of research that explicitly focuses on collusion that runs afoul of competition law and thereby makes firms potentially liable for penalties. This book, by an expert on the subject, reviews the theoretical research on unlawful collusion, with a focus on two issues: the impact of competition law and enforcement on whether, how long, and how much firms collude; and the optimal design of competition law and enforcement. The book begins by discussing general issues that arise when models of collusion take into account competition law and enforcement. It goes on to consider game-theoretic models that encompass the probability of detection and penalties incurred when convicted, and examines how these policy instruments affect the frequency of cartels, cartel duration, cartel participation, and collusive prices. The book then considers the design of competition law and enforcement, examining such topics as the formula for penalties and leniency programs. The book concludes with suggested future lines of inquiry into illegal collusion. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Reports of the Technical Industrial Disarmament Committees: 16. German chemical industries United States. Foreign Economic Administration, 1945 |
| cartel meaning in economics: T.I.D.C. Project , 1945 |
| cartel meaning in economics: Foreign Legislation Concerning Monopoly and Cartel Practices United States. Department of State, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business, 1952 |
| cartel meaning in economics: Regulating Cartels in Europe Christopher Harding, Julian Joshua, 2010 One of the most contentious and high-profile aspects of EU competition law and policy has been the regulation of those serious competition or antitrust violations now often referred to as 'hard core cartels'. Such cartel activity typically involves large and powerful corporate producers and traders operating across Europe and beyond, and comprise practices such as price fixing, bid rigging, market sharing, and limiting production in order to ensure 'market stability' and maintain and increase profits. There is little disagreement now, in terms of competition theory and policy at both international and national levels, regarding the damaging effect of such trading practices on public and consumer interests, and such cartels have been subject to increasing condemnation in the legal process of regulating and protecting competition. Regulating Cartels in Europe provides critical evaluation of the way in which European-level regulation has evolved to deal with the activities of such anti-competitive business cartels. They trace the historical development of cartel regulation in Europe, comparing the more pragmatic and empirical approached favored in Europe with the more dogmatic and uncompromising American policy on cartels. In particular, the work considers critically the move towards the use of fully fledged criminal proceedings in this area of legal control, examining evolving aspects of enforcement policy such as the use of leniency programs and the deployment of a range of criminal law and other sanctions. This new edition of the work covers emerging themes and arguments in the discipline, including the judicial review of decisions against cartels, the criminological and legal basis of the criminalization of cartel conduct, and the range and effectiveness of sanctions used in response to cartel activity. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary, 1968 |
| cartel meaning in economics: International Aspects of Antitrust Laws United States. Congress. Senate. Judiciary Committee, 1974 |
| cartel meaning in economics: International Aspects of Antitrust Laws United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary, 1974 |
| cartel meaning in economics: International Aspects of Antitrust Laws United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly, 1974 |
| cartel meaning in economics: Australian Cartel Regulation Caron Beaton-Wells, Brent Fisse, 2011-04-25 Cartel regulation is a prime element of competition policy and an essential means of minimising the adverse effects of cartel activity on economic welfare. However, effective cartel regulation poses distinct challenges for governments, competition authorities and commentators across the globe. In Australian Cartel Regulation, leading competition law experts Caron Beaton-Wells and Brent Fisse reflect on developments in anti-cartel law in Australia over the last 30 years. They provide a comprehensive account of the current law on cartels as well as discussing key issues that may arise in the future. This definitive volume not only identifies the practical and theoretical issues, but also recommends workable solutions, and does so with the benefit of comparative analysis of the anti-cartel laws of major overseas jurisdictions. Many of the issues identified and discussed in Australian Cartel Regulation are common to any scheme designed to regulate cartel conduct. |
| cartel meaning in economics: Congressional Record United States. Congress, 1945 |
| cartel meaning in economics: Essential Economics Matthew Bishop, 2004-05-01 |
| cartel meaning in economics: Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics Michael McAleer, Wing-Keung Wong, 2019-07-23 Risk measures play a vital role in many subfields of economics and finance. It has been proposed that risk measures could be analysed in relation to the performance of variables extracted from empirical real-world data. For example, risk measures may help inform effective monetary and fiscal policies and, therefore, the further development of pricing models for financial assets such as equities, bonds, currencies, and derivative securities.<false,>A Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” will be devoted to advancements in the mathematical and statistical development of risk measures with applications in finance and economics. This Special Issue will bring together the theory, practice and real-world applications of risk measures. This book is a collection of papers published in the Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” for Sustainability in 2018. |
Cartel - Wikipedia
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collaborate with each other as well as agreeing not to compete with each other [1] in order to improve their profits and dominate the …
Sanctioning the Los Chapitos Faction of the Sinaloa Cartel ...
Jun 9, 2025 · The United States is committed to disrupting the illicit manufacture and trafficking of fentanyl, a leading cause of death of people aged 18 to 49 in the United States, as well as …
What Is a Cartel? Definition, Examples, and Legality
May 19, 2023 · A cartel is an organization created from a formal agreement between a group of producers of a good or service to control supply or to regulate or manipulate prices.
CARTEL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
May 30, 2011 · A cartel is an organization of a few independent producers for the purpose of improving the profitability of the firms involved. This usually involves some restriction of output, …
Drug cartel | Definition, Impact & History | Britannica
May 9, 2025 · Drug cartel, an illicit consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition and control the production and distribution of illegal drugs. Drug cartels are …
Treasury Sanctions “El Chapo’s” Children and Los Chapitos, a ...
Jun 9, 2025 · WASHINGTON — Today, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioned Los Chapitos, a powerful faction of the Mexico-based …
The US now considers these cartels and gangs terrorist ... - CNN
Feb 22, 2025 · Tren de Aragua, MS-13 and the Sinaloa cartel are among the two gangs and six drug cartels the US has officially designated as foreign terrorist organizations, fulfilling a long …
CARTEL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CARTEL definition: 1. a group of similar independent companies who join together to control prices and limit…. Learn more.
Cartel: Definition, Types & Examples - BoyceWire
May 22, 2023 · What is a cartel? A cartel is an agreement or arrangement between competing firms or countries to restrict competition, control market prices, and limit production or …
Cartel family members entered U.S. in deal with Trump admin ...
May 14, 2025 · MEXICO CITY — Mexico’s security chief confirmed Tuesday that 17 family members of cartel leaders crossed into the U.S. last week as part of a deal between a son of …
Cartel - Wikipedia
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collaborate with each other as well as agreeing not to compete with each other [1] in …
Sanctioning the Los Chapitos Faction of the Sinaloa Cartel ...
Jun 9, 2025 · The United States is committed to disrupting the illicit manufacture and trafficking of fentanyl, a leading cause of death of people …
What Is a Cartel? Definition, Examples, and Legality
May 19, 2023 · A cartel is an organization created from a formal agreement between a group of producers of a good or service to …
CARTEL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
May 30, 2011 · A cartel is an organization of a few independent producers for the purpose of …
Drug cartel | Definition, Impact & History | Britannica
May 9, 2025 · Drug cartel, an illicit consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition and control the …
