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| censorship during the french revolution: Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution Charles Walton, 2009-02-02 In the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, French revolutionaries proclaimed the freedom of speech, religion, and opinion. Censorship was abolished, and France appeared to be on a path towards tolerance, pluralism, and civil liberties. A mere four years later, the country descended into a period of political terror, as thousands were arrested, tried, and executed for crimes of expression and opinion. In Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution, Charles Walton traces the origins of this reversal back to the Old Regime. He shows that while early advocates of press freedom sought to abolish pre-publication censorship, the majority still firmly believed injurious speech--or calumny--constituted a crime, even treason if it undermined the honor of sovereign authority or sacred collective values, such as religion and civic spirit. With the collapse of institutions responsible for regulating honor and morality in 1789, calumny proliferated, as did obsessions with it. Drawing on wide-ranging sources, from National Assembly debates to local police archives, Walton shows how struggles to set legal and moral limits on free speech led to the radicalization of politics, and eventually to the brutal liquidation of calumniators and fanatical efforts to rebuild society's moral foundation during the Terror of 1793-1794. With its emphasis on how revolutionaries drew upon cultural and political legacies of the Old Regime, this study sheds new light on the origins of the Terror and the French Revolution, as well as the history of free expression. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Royal Censorship of Books in Eighteenth-century France Raymond Birn, 2012 Rather than envision themselves as agents of state-sponsored repression, the royal book censors of eighteenth-century France wished, through their reports and decisions, to guide the literary traffic of the Enlightenment and expand public awareness of progressive thought. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Invention of Free Press Edoardo Tortarolo, 2016-03-09 Tracking the relationship between the theory of press control and the realities of practicing daily press censorship prior to publication, this volume on the suppression of dissent in early modern Europe tackles a topic with many elusive and under-researched characteristics. Pre-publication censorship was common in absolutist regimes in Catholic and Protestant countries alike, but how effective it was in practice remains open to debate. The Netherlands and England, where critical content segued into outright lampoonery, were unusual for hard-wired press freedoms that arose, respectively, from a highly competitive publishing industry and highly decentralized political institutions. These nations remained extraordinary exceptions to a rule that, for example in France, did not end until the revolution of 1789. Here, the author’s European perspective provides a survey of the varying censorship regulations in European nations, as well as the shifting meanings of ‘freedom of the press’. The analysis opens up fascinating insights, afforded by careful reading of primary archival sources, into the reactions of censors confronted with manuscripts by authors seeking permission to publish. Tortarolo sets the opinions on censorship of well-known writers, including Voltaire and Montesquieu, alongside the commentary of anonymous censors, allowing us to revisit some common views of eighteenth-century history. How far did these writers, their reasoning stiffened by Enlightenment values, promote dissident views of absolutist monarchies in Europe, and what insights did governments gain from censors’ reports into the social tensions brewing under their rule? These questions will excite dedicated researchers, graduate students, and discerning lay readers alike. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Forbidden Best-sellers of Pre-revolutionary France Robert Darnton, 1997 |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Newspaper Press in the French Revolution Hugh Gough, 2016-06-10 When the ancien régime collapsed during the summer of 1789 the newspaper press was free for the first time in French history. The result was an explosion in the number of newspapers with over 2,000 titles appearing between 1789 and 1799. This study, originally published in 1988, traces the growth of the French Press during this time, showing the importance of the emergence of provincial newspapers, and examining the relationship of journalism with political power. Concluding chapters discuss the economics of newspapers during the decade, analysing the machinery of printing, distribution and sales. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution Madame de Staël (Anne-Louise-Germaine), 1818 |
| censorship during the french revolution: Theatre and State in France, 1760-1905 Frederick William John Hemmings, 1994-02-25 Relations between theatre and state were seldom more fraught in France than in this period. F. W. J. Hemmings traces the vicissitudes of this perennial conflict. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Frightful Stage Robert Justin Goldstein, 2009-03-01 In nineteenth-century Europe the ruling elites viewed the theater as a form of communication which had enormous importance. The theater provided the most significant form of mass entertainment and was the only arena aside from the church in which regular mass gatherings were possible. Therefore, drama censorship occupied a great deal of the ruling class’s time and energy, with a particularly focus on proposed scripts that potentially threatened the existing political, legal, and social order. This volume provides the first comprehensive examination of nineteenth-century political theater censorship at a time, in the aftermath of the French Revolution, when the European population was becoming increasingly politically active. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Letters of Napoleon J. M. Thompson, 2013-03-06 This vintage book comprises a fascinating collection of Bonaparte's letters; selected, translated, and edited by J. M. Thompson. This anthology forms one of the most truthful and interesting collections of historical documents pertaining to the famous French military and political leader - Napoleon Bonaparte. It offers the reader an interesting and unparalleled insight into his mind and personal life in 292 letters. The letters contained herein include: 'The Brothers', 'His Father's Death', 'The Corsican's Patriot', 'History of Corsica', 'Brothers Louis', 'The Young Jacobin', 'Paris in Revolution', 'Heroics', 'Brother's Joseph', 'Paris Life', 'Fatalism', 'Whiff of Grape-Shot', 'First Night', 'Separation', etcetera. Many antiquarian books such as this are becoming increasingly hard-to-come-by and expensive, and it is with this in mind that we are republishing this text now in an affordable, modern edition - complete with a specially commissioned new biography of the author. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Revolutionary News Jeremy D. Popkin, 1990 The newspaper press was an essential aspect of the political culture of the French Revolution. Revolutionary News highlights the most significant features of this press in clear and vivid language. It breaks new ground in examining not only the famous journalists but the obscure publishers and the anonymous readers of the Revolutionary newspapers. Popkin examines the way press reporting affected Revolutionary crises and the way in which radical journalists like Marat and the Pere Duchene used their papers to promote democracy. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Enlightenment Dan Edelstein, 2010-12-15 In this concise, bold, and innovative book, Dan Edelstein offers us an original account of the Enlightenment. It convincingly argues that the Enlightenment is above all a narrative about social and cultural changes and that its origins can be found in the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns. Therefore, by reconsidering the importance of the French esprit philosophique in the Euroean Enlightenment, this book will be of considerable importance for every scholar and student interested in this period. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Napoleon and His Collaborators Isser Woloch, 2002 When we think of Napoleon, no names of trusty right-hand men jump to mind. Woloch (history, Columbia U., New York City) sets out to correct this in his study, which introduces the men that aided Napoleon's creation of a dictatorship. He does this through a series of narratives of key events and themes. He concludes with chapters on the routines of governance; difficult issues for Napoleon's liberal servitors of the un-liberal practices of preventive detention and censorship; and what happened to his minions following the Empire's collapse, the Bourbon Restoration, and Napoleon's return from Elba in 1815. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR |
| censorship during the french revolution: Censorship of Political Caricature in Nineteenth-century France Robert Justin Goldstein, 1989 This work is an account of the struggle over freedom of caricature in France during the period between 1815 and 1914. Illustrated with caricatures originally published during the 19th century, it traces the attempt of the French authorities to control opposition political drawings and the attempts of caricaturists to evade restrictions on their craft. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Revolution in Print Robert Darnton, Daniel Roche, New York Public Library, 1989-01-01 Explains the role of printing in the French Revolution and the establishment of the revolutionary government |
| censorship during the french revolution: Licensing Loyalty Jane McLeod, 2011 Explores the evolution of the idea that the rise of print culture was a threat to the royal government of eighteenth-century France. Argues that French printers did much to foster this view as they negotiated a place in the expanding bureaucratic apparatus of the state--Provided by publisher. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Priests of the French Revolution Joseph F. Byrnes, 2015-02-05 The 115,000 priests on French territory in 1789 belonged to an evolving tradition of priesthood. The challenge of making sense of the Christian tradition can be formidable in any era, but this was especially true for those priests required at the very beginning of 1791 to take an oath of loyalty to the new government—and thereby accept the religious reforms promoted in a new Civil Constitution of the Clergy. More than half did so at the beginning, and those who were subsequently consecrated bishops became the new official hierarchy of France. In Priests of the French Revolution, Joseph Byrnes shows how these priests and bishops who embraced the Revolution creatively followed or destructively rejected traditional versions of priestly ministry. Their writings, public testimony, and recorded private confidences furnish the story of a national Catholic church. This is a history of the religious attitudes and psychological experiences underpinning the behavior of representative bishops and priests. Byrnes plays individual ideologies against group action, and religious teachings against political action, to produce a balanced story of saints and renegades within a Catholic tradition. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution Charles Walton, 2009-02-02 In the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, French revolutionaries proclaimed the freedom of speech, religion, and opinion. Censorship was abolished, and France appeared to be on a path towards tolerance, pluralism, and civil liberties. A mere four years later, the country descended into a period of political terror, as thousands were arrested, tried, and executed for crimes of expression and opinion. In Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution, Charles Walton traces the origins of this reversal back to the Old Regime. He shows that while early advocates of press freedom sought to abolish pre-publication censorship, the majority still firmly believed injurious speech--or calumny--constituted a crime, even treason if it undermined the honor of sovereign authority or sacred collective values, such as religion and civic spirit. With the collapse of institutions responsible for regulating honor and morality in 1789, calumny proliferated, as did obsessions with it. Drawing on wide-ranging sources, from National Assembly debates to local police archives, Walton shows how struggles to set legal and moral limits on free speech led to the radicalization of politics, and eventually to the brutal liquidation of calumniators and fanatical efforts to rebuild society's moral foundation during the Terror of 1793-1794. With its emphasis on how revolutionaries drew upon cultural and political legacies of the Old Regime, this study sheds new light on the origins of the Terror and the French Revolution, as well as the history of free expression. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Revolutionary Ideas Jonathan Israel, 2014-03-23 How the Radical Enlightenment inspired and shaped the French Revolution Historians of the French Revolution used to take for granted what was also obvious to its contemporary observers—that the Revolution was shaped by the radical ideas of the Enlightenment. Yet in recent decades, scholars have argued that the Revolution was brought about by social forces, politics, economics, or culture—almost anything but abstract notions like liberty or equality. In Revolutionary Ideas, one of the world's leading historians of the Enlightenment restores the Revolution’s intellectual history to its rightful central role. Drawing widely on primary sources, Jonathan Israel shows how the Revolution was set in motion by radical eighteenth-century doctrines, how these ideas divided revolutionary leaders into vehemently opposed ideological blocs, and how these clashes drove the turning points of the Revolution. In this compelling account, the French Revolution stands once again as a culmination of the emancipatory and democratic ideals of the Enlightenment. That it ended in the Terror represented a betrayal of those ideas—not their fulfillment. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Old Regime and the Revolution Alexis de Tocqueville, 1856 |
| censorship during the french revolution: Dangerous Ideas Eric Berkowitz, 2021-05-04 This “engrossing history of censorship” is an urgent, timely read for our era of social media tolls, fake news, and free speech debates (The Economist). How restricting speech continuously shapes our culture, props up authorities, and maintains class and gender disparities Through compelling narrative, historian Eric Berkowitz reveals how drastically censorship has shaped our modern society. More than just a history of censorship, Dangerous Ideas illuminates the power of restricting speech; how it has defined states, ideas, and culture; and (despite how each of us would like to believe otherwise) how it is something we all participate in. This engaging cultural history of censorship and thought suppression throughout the ages takes readers from the first Chinese emperor’s wholesale elimination of books, to Henry VIII’s decree of death for anyone who “imagined” his demise, and on to the attack on Charlie Hebdo and the volatile politics surrounding censorship of social media. Highlighting the base impulses driving many famous acts of suppression, Berkowitz demonstrates the fragility of power and how every individual can act as both the suppressor and the suppressed. |
| censorship during the french revolution: What was Revolutionary about the French Revolution? Robert Darnton, 1990 Darnton offers a reasoned defense of what the French revolutionaries were trying to achieve and urges us to look beyond political events to understand the idealism and universality of their goals. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The French Revolution: A Very Short Introduction William Doyle, 2001-08-23 Beginning with a discussion of familiar images of the French Revolution, this work looks at how the ancien régime became ancien as well as examining cases in which achievement failed to match ambition. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Reinvention of Obscenity Joan DeJean, 2002-06 The concept of obscenity is an ancient one. But as Joan DeJean suggests, its modern form, the same version that today's politicians decry and savvy artists exploit, was invented in seventeenth-century France. The Reinvention of Obscenity casts a fresh light on the mythical link between sexual impropriety and things French. Exploring the complicity between censorship, print culture, and obscenity, DeJean argues that mass market printing and the first modern censorial machinery came into being at the very moment that obscenity was being reinvented—that is, transformed from a minor literary phenomenon into a threat to society. DeJean's principal case in this study is the career of Moliére, who cannily exploited the new link between indecency and female genitalia to found his career as a print author; the enormous scandal which followed his play L'école des femmes made him the first modern writer to have his sex life dissected in the press. Keenly alert to parallels with the currency of obscenity in contemporary America, The Reinvention of Obscenity will concern not only scholars of French history, but anyone interested in the intertwined histories of sex, publishing, and censorship. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Destruction of Art Dario Gamboni, 2007-05-15 This is the first comprehensive examination of modern iconoclasm. Dario Gamboni looks at deliberate attacks carried out - by institutions as well as individuals - on paintings, buildings, sculptures and other works of art in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Truly international in scope, The Destruction of Art examines incidents, some comic and others disquieting, in the USA, France, the former Soviet Union and other eastern bloc states, Britain, Switzerland, Germany and elsewhere. Motivated in the first instance by the recent destruction of many monuments in Europe's former Communist states, which challenged the assumption that iconoclasm was truly a thing of the past, the author has discovered just how widespread the destruction of art is today, manifested in explicable and inexplicable vandalism, political protest and censorship of all sorts. Dario Gamboni examines the relationship between contemporary destructions of art, older forms of iconoclasm and the development of modern art. His analysis is illustrated by case studies from Europe and the United States, from Suffragette protests in London's National Gallery to the controversy surrounding the removal of Richard Serra's Tilted Arc in New York and the resultant debate on artists' moral rights. The Destruction of Art asks what iconoclasm can teach us about the place of works of art and material culture in society. The history of iconoclasm is shown to reflect, and to contribute to, the changing and conflicting definitions of art itself. -- BOOK JACKET. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Censorship Derek Jones, 2001-12-01 Censorship: A World Encyclopedia presents a comprehensive view of censorship, from Ancient Egypt to those modern societies that claim to have abolished the practice. For each country in the world, the history of censorship is described and placed in context, and the media censored are examined: art, cyberspace, literature, music, the press, popular culture, radio, television, and the theatre, not to mention the censorship of language, the most fundamental censorship of all. Also included are surveys of major controversies and chronicles of resistance. Censorship will be an essential reference work for students of the many subjects touched by censorship and for all those who are interested in the history of and contemporary fate of freedom of expression. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Encyclopedia of Censorship Jonathon Green, Nicholas J. Karolides, 2014-05-14 Articles examine the history and evolution of censorship, presented in A to Z format. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Singing the French Revolution Laura Mason, 2018-09-05 Laura Mason examines the shifting fortunes of singing as a political gesture to highlight the importance of popular culture to revolutionary politics. Arguing that scholars have overstated the uniformity of revolutionary political culture, Mason uses songwriting and singing practices to reveal its diverse nature. Song performances in the streets, theaters, and clubs of Paris showed how popular culture was invested with new political meaning after 1789, becoming one of the most important means for engaging in revolutionary debate.Throughout the 1790s, French citizens came to recognize the importance of anthems for promoting their interpretations of revolutionary events, and for championing their aspirations for the Revolution. By opening new arenas of cultural activity and demolishing Old Regime aesthetic hierarchies, revolutionaries permitted a larger and infinitely more diverse population to participate in cultural production and exchange, Mason contends. The resulting activism helps explain the urgency with which successive governments sought to impose an official political culture on a heterogeneous and mobilized population. After 1793, song culture was gradually depoliticized as popular classes retreated from public arenas, middle brow culture turned to the strictly entertaining, and official culture became increasingly rigid. At the same time, however, singing practices were invented which formed the foundation for new, activist singing practices in the next century. The legacy of the Revolution, according to Mason, was to bestow new respectability on popular singing, reshaping it from an essentially conservative means of complaint to an instrument of social and political resistance. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Staging the French Revolution Mark Darlow, 2012-05-31 In Staging the French Revolution, author Mark Darlow offers an unprecedented opportunity to consider the material context of opera production, combining in-depth archival research with a study of the works themselves. He argues that a mixture of popular and State interventions created a repressive system in which cultural institutions retained agency, compelling individuals to follow and contribute to a shifting culture. Theatre thereby emerged as a locus for competing discourses on patriotism, society, the role of the arts in the Republic, and the articulation of the Revolution's relation with the 'Old Regime', and is thus an essential key to the understanding of public opinion and publicity at this crucial historical moment. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius Dániel Margócsy, Mark Somos, Stephen N. Joffe, 2018-05-23 Winner of the Third Neu-Whitrow Prize (2021) granted by the Commission on Bibliography and Documentation of IUHPS-DHST Additional background information This book provides bibliographic information, ownership records, a detailed worldwide census and a description of the handwritten annotations for all the surviving copies of the 1543 and 1555 editions of Vesalius’ De humani corporis fabrica. It also offers a groundbreaking historical analysis of how the Fabrica traveled across the globe, and how readers studied, annotated and critiqued its contents from 1543 to 2017. The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius sheds a fresh light on the book’s vibrant reception history and documents how physicians, artists, theologians and collectors filled its pages with copious annotations. It also offers a novel interpretation of how an early anatomical textbook became one of the most coveted rare books for collectors in the 21st century. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The Use of Censorship in the Enlightenment Mogens Lærke, 2009 The ambition is of this volume to study the role censorship played in the intellectual culture of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, how it was implemented, and how it affected the development philosophy and literary writing. It contains contributions by intellectual historians, philosophers and literary theorists. The first section studies how Enlightenment thinkers were submitted to censorship, in particular the German Spinozists, Pierre Bayle, and the French Encylopedists. The second section on the institutional aspects of censorship contains an analysis of the breakdown of censorship in England around 1640 and a discussion of the impact of censorship on philosophy in the Netherlands. The final section studies the stand three Enlightenment thinkers, namely John Toland, Denis Diderot, and G. W. Leibniz, took on the issue of censorship. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Why Evolution is True Jerry A. Coyne, 2009 Weaves together the many threads of modern work in genetics, palaeontology, geology, molecular biology, anatomy and development that demonstrate the processes first proposed by Darwin and to present them in a crisp, lucid, account accessible to a wide audience. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Literate Women and the French Revolution of 1789 , 1994 |
| censorship during the french revolution: The French Idea of Freedom Dale Van Kley, 1995-04-01 “The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of 1789” is the French Revolution’s best known utterance. By 1789, to be sure, England looked proudly back to the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and a bill of rights, and even the young American Declaration of Independence and the individual states’ various declarations and bills of rights preceded the French Declaration. But the French deputies of the National Assembly tried hard, in the words of one of their number, not to receive lessons from others but rather “to give them” to the rest of the world, to proclaim not the rights of Frenchmen, but those “for all times and nations.” The chapters in this book treat mainly the origins of the Declaration in the political thought and practice of the preceding three centuries that Tocqueville designated the “Old Regime.” Among the topics covered are privileged corporations; the events of the three months preceding the Declaration; blacks, Jews, and women; the Assembly’s debates on the Declaration; the influence of sixteenth-century notions of sovereignty and the separation of powers; the rights of the accused in legal practices and political trials from 1716 to 1789; the natural rights to freedom of religion; and the monarchy’s “feudal” exploitation of the royal domain. |
| censorship during the french revolution: French Revolution Peter McPhee, 2017-03-13 On 14 July 1789 thousands of Parisians seized the Bastille fortress in Paris. This was the most famous episode of the Revolution of 1789, when huge numbers of French people across the kingdom successfully rebelled against absolute monarchy and the privileges of the nobility. But the subsequent struggle over what social and political system should replace the 'Old R�gime' was to divide French people and finally the whole of Europe. The French Revolution is one of the great turning-points in history. It continues to fascinate us, to inspire us, at times to horrify us. Never before had the people of a large and populous country sought to remake their society on the basis of the principles of liberty and equality. The drama, success and tragedy of their project have attracted students to it for more than two centuries. Its importance and fascination for us are undiminished as we try to understand revolutions in our own times. There are three key questions the book investigates. First, why was there a revolution in 1789? Second, why did the revolution continue after 1789, culminating in civil war, foreign invasion and terror? Third, what was the significance of the revolution? Was the French Revolution a major turning-point in French, even world history, or instead just a protracted period of violent upheaval and warfare which wrecked millions of lives? This new edition of The French Revolution contains revised text and new photographs. This edition includes video footage of Peter McPhee's interviews with Professor Ian Germani, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, on the role of military discipline in the French Revolutionary Wars; Dr Marisa Linton, Kingston University in London, about her book, Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship and Authenticity in the French Revolution, a major study of the politics of Jacobinism; and Professor Timothy Tackett, University of California, Irvine, on the origins of terror in the French Revolution. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Literature and Censorship in Restoration Germany Katy Heady, 2009 The effects -- both inhibitory and creative -- of the 1819-1848 censorship on German-language literary writing. In 1819, the German Confederation promulgated the infamous Carlsbad Decrees, establishing censorship standards aimed at thwarting the political aspirations of post-Napoleonic Germany's rapidly emerging public sphere. This most comprehensive system of state censorship to that point in German lands remained in place until the revolutions of 1848, and is widely acknowledged to have had a profound influence on public discourse. However, although censorship during the period has been the object of much scholarly interest, little is known about its precise effects on literary writing. This book redresses that situation through detailed studies of six works composed and published in different parts of the Confederation by three prominent writers: Christian Dietrich Grabbe, Heinrich Heine, and Franz Grillparzer. By analyzing successive versions of these works, the study illustrates the thematic, linguistic, and aesthetic constraints censorship placed upon their writing, as well as the variety of literary evasion strategies that it stimulated. It demonstrates that while censorship inhibited and distorted German literary writing, it also led to the emergence of distinctively complex and inventive modes of literary expression that came to mark the epoch. Katy Heady received her PhD in German from the University of Sheffield in 2007. |
| censorship during the french revolution: The French Revolution and Napoleon Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Alexis de Tocqueville, Montesquieu, Charles Downer Hazen, 2023-11-20 In 'The French Revolution and Napoleon,' readers are presented with a rich tapestry of reflections and analyses from some of the most influential thinkers of the 18th and 19th centuries. This anthology interweaves diverse literary styles and perspectives, ranging from philosophical treatises to historical narratives, offering a comprehensive exploration of one of historys most tumultuous periods. The significance of these works lies not only in their individual merits but in their collective portrayal of an era of radical change and their profound influence on the development of modern political thought. Key pieces within the collection illuminate the complex interplay of ideology, governance, and individual liberty, contributing to a deeper understanding of the revolutionary and Napoleonic eras. The contributorsJean-Jacques Rousseau, Alexis de Tocqueville, Montesquieu, and Charles Downer Hazenrepresent a formidable cadre of scholars and political philosophers whose works have shaped not only the fabric of French political discourse but also the contours of global democratic ideals. Their backgrounds, spanning the Enlightenment to the aftermath of the revolution, reflect a critical engagement with the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Together, their writings sketch the philosophical underpinnings and political realities of a seminal period in Western history. This anthology stands as a prime resource for students, scholars, and any reader with a keen interest in the ideological forces that have driven historical change. It offers a unique opportunity to engage with the seminal thoughts and reflections that shaped the course of French and global history, providing a multifaceted understanding of the events surrounding the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon. The collection is an invitation to traverse the intellectual landscapes of four of historys most astute observers, whose diverse perspectives foster a rich dialogue on liberty, governance, and human rights. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Presse D'élite, Presse Populaire Et Propagande Pendant la Révolution Française Harvey Chisick, Ilana Zinguer, Ouzi Elyada, 1991 In this volume an international team of contributors address several key themes surrounding the role of the press in the French Revolution, including the beginnings of the Revolution and its impact on the press; how Old Regime journals reacted to the Revolution; the roles of journalists - both popular and elitist - in the politics of the Revolution; language and revolution; and images and their uses. Whilst not neglecting the production and economics of periodicals of the time, several contributors make use of the notion of discourse, and highlight various aspects of language and ideas in a revolutionary context. The Press in the French Revolution contains expanded versions of papers presented at the University of Haifa in the spring of 1987. Contributors include some of the leading historians of the press and revolutionary France: Antoine de Baecque, Raymond Birn, Jean-Paul Bertaud, Jack Censer, Elizabeth Eisenstein, Sarah Maza, Harvey Mitchell, Jeremy Popkin, Pierre Rétat, Denis Richet, Jean Sgard, Suzanne Tucoo-Chala, Michel Vovelle and Jacques Wagner. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution Joan B. Landes, 1988 Should become part of the increasingly varied repertoire available to everyone interested in the formation of the discourse of modern politics as well as specifically feminist issues. -- Eighteenth-Century Studies In this provocative interdisciplinary essay, Joan B. Landes examines the impact on women of the emergence of a new, bourgeois organization of public life in the eighteenth century. She focuses on France, contrasting the role and representation of women under the Old Regime with their status during and after the Revolution. Basing her work on a wide reading of current historical scholarship, Landes draws on the work of Habermas and his followers, as well as on recent theories of representation, to re-create public-sphere theory from a feminist point of view. Within the extremely personal and patriarchal political culture of Old Regime France, elite women wielded surprising influence and power, both in the court and in salons. Urban women of the artisanal class often worked side by side with men and participated in many public functions. But the Revolution, Landes asserts, relegated women to the home, and created a rigidly gendered, essentially male, bourgeois public sphere. The formal adoption of universal rights actually silenced public women by emphasizing bourgeois conceptions of domestic virtue. In the first part of this book, Landes links the change in women's roles to a shift in systems of cultural representation. Under the absolute monarchy of the Old Regime, political culture was represented by the personalized iconic imagery of the father/king. This imagery gave way in bourgeois thought to a more symbolic system of representation based on speech, writing, and the law. Landes traces this change through the art and writing of the period. Using the works of Rousseau and Montesquieu as examples of the passage to the bourgeois theory of the public sphere, she shows how such concepts as universal reason, law, and nature were rooted in an ideologically sanctioned order of gender difference and separate public and private spheres. In the second part of the book, Landes discusses the discourses on women's rights and on women in society authored by Condorcet, Wollstonecraft, Gouges, Tristan, and Comte within the context of these new definitions of the public sphere. Focusing on the period after the execution of the king, she asks who got to be included as the People when men and women demanded that liberal and republican principles be carried to their logical conclusion. She examines women's roles in the revolutionary process and relates the birth of modern feminism to the silencing of the politically influential women of the Old Regime court and salon and to women's expulsion from public participation during and after the Revolution. |
| censorship during the french revolution: Church and Censorship in Eighteenth-Century Italy Patrizia Delpiano, 2017-09-05 Dealing with the issue of ecclesiastical censorship and control over reading and readers, this study challenges the traditional view that during the eighteenth century the Catholic Church in Italy underwent an inexorable decline. It reconstructs the strategies used by the ecclesiastical leadership to regulate the press and culture during a century characterized by important changes, from the spread of the Enlightenment to the creation of a state censorship apparatus. Based on the archival records of the Roman Inquisition and the Congregation of the Index of Forbidden Books preserved in the Vatican, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the Catholic Church’s endeavour to keep literature and reading in check by means of censorship and the promotion of a good press. The crisis of the Inquisition system did not imply a general diminution of the Church’s involvement in controlling the press. Rather than being effective instruments of repression, the Inquisition and the Index combined to create an ideological apparatus to resist new ideas and to direct public opinion. This was a network mainly inspired by Counter-Enlightenment principles which would go on to influence the Church’s action well beyond the eighteenth century. This book is an English translation of Il governo della lettura: Chiesa e libri nell’Italia del Settecento (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2007). |
| censorship during the french revolution: Surviving the French Revolution Bette W. Oliver, 2013-06-10 The unleashing of the French Revolution in 1789 resulted in the acceleration of time coupled with an inability to predict what might happen next. As unprecedented events outpaced the days, those caught up in the whirlwind had little time to make judicious decisions about which course of action to follow. The lack of reliable information and delays in communication between Paris and the provinces only exacerbated the situation. Consequently, some fled into exile in Europe and the United States, while others remained to take advantage of new opportunities provided by the revolutionary government. Between 1789 and 1794, the government moved from a position of hopeful cooperation to one of desperate measures instigated during the Terror of 1793–1794. As a result, those French citizens who had fled early in the revolution, including many aristocrats and the king's brothers, as well as the artist Elisabeth Vigee-LeBrun, could not return until many years later, while those who had remained, such as Vigée-LeBrun’s husband, the art dealer Jean-Baptiste Pierre LeBrun, as well as the artist Jacques-Louis David, the writers Sébastien Chamfort and André Chénier, and expelled Girondin deputies, chose survival strategies that they hoped would be successful. For all those concerned, timing was key to survival, and those who lived found that they had crossed a bridge between the Ancien Régime and the beginning of the modern world. It would not be possible to grasp the full import of the period between 1789 and 1795 until time had decelerated to a more reasonable level after the fall of Robespierre in 1794. Yet few could have then imagined that almost one hundred years would pass before a stable French republic would be established. |
Censorship - Wikipedia
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or …
Censorship | Definition, History, Types, & Examples | Britannica
Apr 17, 2025 · Censorship, the changing or suppression or prohibition of speech or writing that is deemed subversive of the common good. It occurs in all manifestations of authority to some …
What Is Censorship? - American Civil Liberties Union
Aug 30, 2006 · Censorship, the suppression of words, images, or ideas that are "offensive," happens whenever some people succeed in imposing their personal political or moral values …
CENSORSHIP Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CENSORSHIP is the institution, system, or practice of censoring. How to use censorship in a sentence.
CENSORSHIP | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CENSORSHIP definition: 1. the action of preventing part or the whole of a book, film, work of art, document, or other kind…. Learn more.
Censorship and the First Amendment Explained | The First …
Aug 8, 2023 · Discover how censorship challenges the rights of free speech and press, as upheld by the First Amendment in vital court cases.
Censorship - Definition, Examples, Cases - Legal Dictionary
May 11, 2016 · The term censorship refers to the suppression, banning, or deletion of speech, writing, or images that are considered to be indecent, obscene, or otherwise objectionable. …
Why Censorship Is Important - Stanford Snipe Hub
Nov 26, 2024 · Censorship, a controversial topic that sparks intense debates and raises questions about freedom of expression, has a complex role in society. While it may seem like a …
First Amendment and Censorship | ALA
Censorship is the suppression of ideas and information that some individuals, groups, or government officials find objectionable or dangerous. Would-be censors try to use the power …
Announcement of a Visa Restriction Policy Targeting Foreign …
May 28, 2025 · Free speech is among the most cherished rights we enjoy as Americans. This right, legally enshrined in our constitution, has set us apart as a beacon of freedom around the …
Censorship - Wikipedia
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or …
Censorship | Definition, History, Types, & Examples | Britannica
Apr 17, 2025 · Censorship, the changing or suppression or prohibition of speech or writing that is deemed subversive of the common good. It occurs in all manifestations of authority to some …
What Is Censorship? - American Civil Liberties Union
Aug 30, 2006 · Censorship, the suppression of words, images, or ideas that are "offensive," happens whenever some people succeed in imposing their personal political or moral values …
CENSORSHIP Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CENSORSHIP is the institution, system, or practice of censoring. How to use censorship in a sentence.
CENSORSHIP | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CENSORSHIP definition: 1. the action of preventing part or the whole of a book, film, work of art, document, or other kind…. Learn more.
Censorship and the First Amendment Explained | The First …
Aug 8, 2023 · Discover how censorship challenges the rights of free speech and press, as upheld by the First Amendment in vital court cases.
Censorship - Definition, Examples, Cases - Legal Dictionary
May 11, 2016 · The term censorship refers to the suppression, banning, or deletion of speech, writing, or images that are considered to be indecent, obscene, or otherwise objectionable. …
Why Censorship Is Important - Stanford Snipe Hub
Nov 26, 2024 · Censorship, a controversial topic that sparks intense debates and raises questions about freedom of expression, has a complex role in society. While it may seem like a …
First Amendment and Censorship | ALA
Censorship is the suppression of ideas and information that some individuals, groups, or government officials find objectionable or dangerous. Would-be censors try to use the power …
Announcement of a Visa Restriction Policy Targeting Foreign …
May 28, 2025 · Free speech is among the most cherished rights we enjoy as Americans. This right, legally enshrined in our constitution, has set us apart as a beacon of freedom around the …
