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central kurdish to english: Republic of Dreams Nicole F. Watts, 2025-01-14 A harrowing political history of Kurdish Iraq told through the extraordinary rags-to-riches story of a childhood refugee In the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s, Iraqi president Saddam Hussein used chemical weapons against his own people, the Iraqi Kurds. Five thousand people died in what became known as the Halabja Massacre, which has been deemed the worst chemical attack in history. Nicole F. Watts, a former journalist and now professor of political science, has spent over a decade researching the struggles of the Kurdish people in Iraq, and in vivid, lyrical prose, she tells their story through the eyes of Peshawa, a young Muslim Kurd whose family barely survived the bombing and then fled for their lives. Republic of Dreams is a harrowing portrait of Iraqi Kurdistan and its history, as it weathers Hussein’s genocidal campaign against the Kurds, a civil war, the US invasion of Iraq, the Arab Spring, and the sustained neglect of the city of Halabja. Throughout the book, the thread of Peshawa’s story immerses readers in the everyday and extraordinary world of Iraqi Kurds between the late 1980s and 2022, exploring the meaning of home and dislocation in the wake of war and genocide. Based on over a hundred in-depth interviews with Iraqi Kurdish activists, journalists, elected officials, and community organizers, and hundreds of hours of conversations with Peshawa and his family, Republic of Dreams brings to vivid life the story of modern Kurdistan, and the Kurdish national dream to have their own homeland. |
central kurdish to english: The Kurds Sebastian Maisel, 2018-06-21 This indispensable resource for Western readers about the Kurds—an ancient indigenous group that exemplifies diversity in the Middle East—examines their history, politics, economics, and social structure. The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society provides an insightful examination the Kurds—from their historical beginning to today—through thematic and country-specific essays as well as important primary documents that allow for a greater understanding of the diversity and pluralism of the region. This single-volume work looks at the Kurds from a variety of angles and disciplines, including history, anthropology, economics, religion, geography, and musicology, to cover the ethnic populations of the original Kurdish homeland states as well as of the diaspora. The book evaluates sources in Kurdish (both Kurmanci and Sorani) in addition to information of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish origin to present broad, up-to-date coverage that will serve nonspecialist readers, high school and college students, and professionals, journalists, politicians, and other decision makers who require accurate perspectives on Kurdish history and culture. Additionally, an entire section of the book provides excerpts of primary sources selected for their importance to Kurdish history and identity. These 20 primary source excerpts are accompanied by introductions and analysis that enable readers to fully appreciate their political, religious, and cultural importance. |
central kurdish to english: The Mukri Variety of Central Kurdish Ergîn Opengîn, 2016 This volume presents the documentation and description of the Mukri variety of the Central Kurdish, spoken in north western Iran. The volume contains background information on the dialect and the speech community, ten texts with English translations, two interlinear morphemic glossed texts, and a grammatical description and lexicon based on the author's field work. Audio recordings of the texts are included on a CD. |
central kurdish to english: The Great Dictionary Dutch - English Benjamin Maximilian Eisenhauer, This dictionary contains around 70,000 Dutch terms with their English translations, making it one of the most comprehensive books of its kind. It offers a wide vocabulary from all areas as well as numerous idioms. The terms are translated from Dutch to English. If you need translations from English to Dutch, then the companion volume The Great Dictionary English - Dutch is recommended. |
central kurdish to english: The Great Dictionary English - Italian Benjamin Maximilian Eisenhauer, This dictionary contains around 70,000 English terms with their Italian translations, making it one of the most comprehensive books of its kind. It offers a wide vocabulary from all areas as well as numerous idioms. The terms are translated from English to Italian. If you need translations from Italian to English, then the companion volume The Great Dictionary Italian - English is recommended. |
central kurdish to english: Sleep Tight, Little Wolf. Bilingual Children's Book (English - Anglo-Saxon/Old English) Ulrich Renz, Barbara Brinkmann, 2016-10-04 Bilingual children's book (age 2 and up) Tim can't fall asleep. His little wolf is missing! Perhaps he forgot him outside? Tim heads out all alone into the night - and unexpectedly encounters some friends... Sleep Tight, Little Wolf is a heart-warming bedtime story. It has been translated into more than 50 languages and is available as a bilingual edition in all conceivable combinations of languages. www.childrens-books-bilingual.com |
central kurdish to english: Structural and Typological Variation in the Dialects of Kurdish Yaron Matras, Geoffrey Haig, Ergin Öpengin, 2022-10-19 This book offers the first comparative discussion of variation in selected areas of structure in the dialects of Kurdish. The contributions draw on data collected as part of the project on Structural and Typological Variation in Kurdish and stored in the Manchester Database of Kurdish Dialects online resource, as well as on additional data sources. The chapters address issues in lexicon, phonology, and morpho-syntax including nominal case, tense and aspect categories, pronominal clitics, adpositions, word order (with special reference to post-predicate constituents) and connectivity and complex clauses. The materials that inform the analysis consist of a systematic questionnaire-based elicitation covering key features of variation in lexicon and morpho-syntax, and an accompanying corpus of free speech recordings, collected in over 120 locations across the Kurdish-speaking regions in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran and covering mainly the dialects of Northern and Central Kurdish (Kurmani-Bahdini and Sorani), with some consideration of Southern Kurdish. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in fields such as linguistics, linguistic typology, Iranian linguistics and linguistics of the Middle East, and dialectology. |
central kurdish to english: Space and Events Sameerah Tawfeeq Saeed, 2016-04-26 This book presents a study of the internal syntax and semantics of spatial PPs, as well as their role and contribution in motion events when combined with different motion verbs. It offers a new perspective on spatial adpositions, presenting them as Relators. They relate entities, positions or events to specific entities or positions in a spatial relationship. Based on the way these elements are viewed, the minimum P projection proposed is [RelpathP [RelplaceP]]. The scope of the materials examined here allows equivalent elements in Kurdish and Arabic for which no full descriptions are available to be analysed. Furthermore, this book provides a syntactic-semantic model, which is built on insights from Dowty (1979) and Rothstein’s (2004) semantic approaches and Ramchand’s (2008) syntactic model. It will be of interest to anyone wishing to learn about the internal and external syntax and semantics of spatial adpositions across English, Kurdish and Arabic. |
central kurdish to english: A Handbook of Mesopotamia: Northern Mesopotamia and central Kurdistan Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division, 1917 |
central kurdish to english: Kurds Mehrdad Izady, 2015-06-03 First Published in 1993. Since before the dawn of recorded history the mountainous lands of the northern Middle East have been home to a distinct people whose cultural tradition is one of the most authentic and original in the world. Some vestiges of Kurdish life and culture can actually be traced back to burial rituals practiced over 50,000 years ago by people inhabiting the Shanidar Caves near Arbil in central Kurdistan. In this book, the author has tried to identify and delineate the heritage of the Kurds, now thoroughly submerged in the accepted and standard models for subdividing Middle Eastern civilization, none of which is designed to accommodate the stateless Kurds. |
central kurdish to english: KURD AND KURDISTAN Mhamad Sardar, we know that Only careful political maneuvering will be able to manage the situation of Kurdistan so we must act now to solve this. |
central kurdish to english: A Practical Kurdish Grammar with English Phonetic Pronunciation Ludvig Olsen Fossum, 1919 |
central kurdish to english: Kurdish Movements Orin Brightfield, AI, 2025-03-20 Kurdish Movements explores the complex history and profound impact of Kurdish political aspirations on Middle Eastern geopolitics. This book examines the Kurdish struggle for autonomy, moving beyond simple narratives to explore the diverse dimensions of their quest for self-determination. One intriguing aspect is how Kurdish movements, despite internal divisions and external opposition, have consistently acted as agents of change, challenging state boundaries and reshaping political alliances. The book also highlights the evolution of Kurdish political thought and organization through the rise of nationalist ideologies and the formation of political parties. The book adopts a comparative and interdisciplinary approach, avoiding a one-dimensional view of Kurdish identity by emphasizing the diversity of Kurdish experiences across different contexts. It charts the development of Kurdish political consciousness from the early 20th century to the present, examining pivotal historical periods like the post-Ottoman era and the impact of international interventions. Progressing through foundational concepts of Kurdish identity, analyses of key historical periods, and case studies in Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, Kurdish Movements provides a comprehensive understanding of the Kurdish role in contemporary Middle Eastern politics. |
central kurdish to english: Neo-Aramaic and Kurdish Folklore from Northern Iraq Geoffrey Khan, Masoud Mohammadirad, Dorota Molin, Paul M. Noorlander, 2022-06-30 This comparative anthology showcases the rich and mutually intertwined folklore of three ethno-religious communities from northern Iraq: Aramaic-speaking (‘Syriac’) Christians, Kurdish Muslims and—to a lesser extent—Aramaic-speaking Jews. The first volume contains several introductory chapters on language, folkore motifs and narrative style, followed by samples of glossed texts in each language variety. The second volume is the anthology proper, presenting folklore narratives in several distinct varieties of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic and Northern and Central Kurdish. The stories are accompanied by English translations. The material includes different genres such as folktales, legends, fables and anecdotes, and is organised into seven thematic units. The folkloristic material of these three communities is shared to a large extent. The anthology is, therefore, a testament to the intimate and long-standing relations between these three ethno-religious communities—relations that existed in a multilingual environment centuries before the modern era of nationalism. |
central kurdish to english: A People Without a State Michael Eppel, 2016-09-13 Numbering between 25 and 35 million worldwide, the Kurds are among the largest culturally and ethnically distinct people to remain stateless. A People Without a State offers an in-depth survey of an identity that has often been ignored in mainstream historiographies of the Middle East and brings to life the historical, social, and political developments in Kurdistani society over the past millennium. Michael Eppel begins with the myths and realities of the origins of the Kurds, describes the effect upon them of medieval Muslim states under Arab, Persian, and Turkish dominance, and recounts the emergence of tribal-feudal dynasties. He explores in detail the subsequent rise of Kurdish emirates, as well as this people’s literary and linguistic developments, particularly the flourishing of poetry. The turning tides of the nineteenth century, including Ottoman reforms and fluctuating Russian influence after the Crimean War, set in motion an early Kurdish nationalism that further expressed a distinct cultural identity. Stateless, but rooted in the region, the Kurds never achieved independence because of geopolitical conditions, tribal rivalries, and obstacles on the way to modernization. A People Without a State captures the developments that nonetheless forged a vast sociopolitical system. |
central kurdish to english: Current Multilingualism David Singleton, Joshua A. Fishman, Larissa Aronin, Muiris Ó Laoire, 2013-03-22 This volume approaches contemporary multilingualism as a new linguistic dispensation, in urgent need of research-led, reflective scrutiny. The book addresses the emergent global and local patterns of multingual use and acquisition across the world and explores the major trends that characterize today's multilingualism. It is divided into three parts on the basis of the broad themes: education (including multilingual learning in its general, theoretical aspects), sociolinguistic dimensions and language policy. The book's fifteen chapters, written by renowned international experts, discuss a range of issues relating to the quintessential and unique properties of multilingual situations – issues relevant to the challenges faced in different ways by researcher and practitioners alike. All the contributions share a focus on currently operative patterns of interaction between contexts, events and processes. |
central kurdish to english: From Daēnā to Dîn Christine Allison, Anke Joisten-Pruschke, Antje Wendtland, 2009 Die Festschrift enthalt insgesamt 30 Beitrage zu verschiedenen Bereichen der Iranistik. Es handelt sich sowohl um Artikel zu Forschungsschwerpunkten von Ph. G. Kreyenbroek, wie dem Zoroastrismus, der kurdischen Literatur und Religion, insbesondere die der Yeziden und Ahl-e Haqq, aber auch um Beitrage zur iranischen Philologie, der Zeit der Achameniden sowie der Geschichte und Kultur Irans in islamischer Zeit. Die Aufsatze umfassen so unterschiedliche Themen wie z.B. Sinn und Zweck von Ritualen aus der Sicht von Parsi-Priestern, eine Gegenuberstellung von Tawusi Melek und dem Pfau in der Mandaischen Tradition, Zeitkonzepte des Yezidismus, einen Uberblick uber die persische Presse der letzten Jahrzehnte, judaische Gesandte im Achamenidenreich, Ohrmazd in der soghdischen Uberlieferung, Modalitatstypologie im Kurdischen und Hawrami oder baktrische Demonstrativpronomina. Ein Uberblick uber das Werk Kreyenbroeks sowie ein Verzeichnis seiner Schriften erganzen den Band. |
central kurdish to english: Journalistic Translation Sabir Hasan Rasul, 2019-05-08 This volume painstakingly formulates a composite model of translation procedures that covers both linguistic and cultural aspects inherent in translation. The model is based on an integration of three classic taxonomies of translation procedures proposed by influential translation scholars, namely Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), Newmark (1988), and Dickins, Hervey and Higgins (2002/2016). The book combines these three taxonomies into an integrated model and extends it, effectively, to identify patterns of translation procedures and overall strategies in English-Kurdish translation of journalistic texts. The book is a breakthrough in the field of journalistic translation between the two languages. With a clear definition and exemplification of each translation procedure, the importance of the model is that it is replicable for future descriptive translation studies and can be carried out in other language pairs and on other genres. Moreover, the model is comprehensive in nature, and covers almost all translational changes and shifts that may occur in the translation process. Thus, this model of translation procedures transcends previous frameworks in such a way that prospective translation researchers will not need to go back to these older models of translation procedures. |
central kurdish to english: The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia Geoffrey Haig, Geoffrey Khan, 2018-12-03 The languages of Western Asia belong to a variety of language families, including Indo-European, Kartvelian, Semitic, and Turkic, but share numerous features on account of being in areal contact over many centuries. This volume presents descriptions of the modern languages, contributed by leading specialists, and evaluates similarities across the languages that may have arisen by areal contact. It begins with an introductory chapter presenting an overview of the various genetic groupings in the region and summarizing some of the significant features and issues relating to language contact. In the core of the volume the presentation of the languages is divided into five contact areas, which include (i) eastern Anatolia and northwestern Iran, (ii) northern Iraq, (iii) western Iran, (iv) the Caspian region and south Azerbaijan, and (v) the Caucasian rim and southern Black Sea coast. Each section contains chapters devoted to the languages of the area preceded by an introductory section that highlights significant contact phenomena. The volume is rounded off by an appendix with basic lexical items across a selection of the languages. The handbook features contributions by Erik Anonby, Denise Bailey, Christiane Bulut, David Erschler, Geoffrey Haig, Geoffrey Khan, Rene Lacroix, Parvin Mahmoudveysi, Hrach Martirosyan, Ludwig Paul, Stephan Procházka, Laurentia Schreiber, Don Stilo, Mortaza Taheri-Ardali, Christina van der Wal Anonby. |
central kurdish to english: The Iranian Languages Gernot Windfuhr, 2013-05-13 The Iranian languages form the major eastern branch of the Indo-European group of languages, itself part of the larger Indo-Iranian family. Estimated to have between 150 and 200 million native speakers, the Iranian languages constitute one of the world’s major language families. This comprehensive volume offers a detailed overview of the principle languages which make up this group: Old Iranian, Middle Iranian, and New Iranian. The Iranian Languages is divided into fifteen chapters. The introductory chapters by the editor present a general overview and a detailed discussion of the linguistic typology of Iranian. The individual chapters which follow are written by leading experts in the field. These provide the reader with concise, non-technical descriptions of a range of Iranian languages. Each chapter follows the same pattern and sequence of topics, taking the reader through the significant features not only of phonology and morphology but also of syntax; from phrase level to complex sentences and pragmatics. Ample examples on all levels are provided with detailed annotation for the non-specialist reader. In addition, each chapter covers lexis, sociolinguistic and typological issues, and concludes with annotated sample texts. This unique resource is the ideal companion for undergraduate and postgraduate students of linguistics and language. It will also be of interest to researchers or anyone with an interest in historical linguistics, linguistics anthropology and language development. Gernot Windfuhr is Professor of Iranian Studies at the University of Michigan; he has published widely on Persian and Iranian languages and linguistics and related languages, as well as on other aspects of Iranian culture including Persian literature and Pre-Islamic Iranian religions. |
central kurdish to english: Essays on Modern Kurdish Literature Alireza Korangy, Mahlagha Mortezaee, 2023-07-04 Literature, images, and metaphor are often where most of a nation’s history are embedded. A study of modern Kurdish literature highlights a fealty to a rich literary past and a rich source of historiography. The articles in this volume address many facets of the literary in the Kurdish world: proverbs, feminist literature, and resistance in literary works, poetry, prose, etc. In the end, the volume offers a general paradigm of the complex literary framework of the Kurds, their continuous resistance for nationhood in their history, and their modern reinventing of the self. An overview of some of the works in modern Kurdish literature points to both asymmetry and commonality in comparative literary studies. These works highight the thematic reach in Kurdish literary studies. |
central kurdish to english: Kurdish Studies Archive Martin van Bruinessen, 2024-11-18 Kurdish Studies Archive publishes the content of volumes 1 to 10 of Kurdish Studies. This interdisciplinary and peer-reviewed journal was dedicated to publishing high-quality research and scholarship. Since 2023 the journal has been continued as the new Kurdish Studies Journal, published by Brill, and focuses on research, scholarship, and debates in the field of Kurdish studies in a multidisciplinary fashion covering a wide range of topics including, but not limited to, economics, history, society, gender, minorities, politics, health, law, environment, language, media, culture, arts, and education. |
central kurdish to english: Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics E. K. Brown, 2006 |
central kurdish to english: Living in Two Homes Mariella Espinoza Herold, Rina Manuela Contini, 2017-04-21 This book gathers researchers from across the globe to examine paradigms, policies, and practices for developing an inclusive intercultural and transnational framework to reduce societal inequities brought about by transnational migration. This is necessary to positively integrate culturally-diverse families into schools and societies. |
central kurdish to english: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders Jack S. Damico, Martin J. Ball, 2019-03-01 The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders is an in-depth encyclopedia aimed at students interested in interdisciplinary perspectives on human communication—both normal and disordered—across the lifespan. This timely and unique set will look at the spectrum of communication disorders, from causation and prevention to testing and assessment; through rehabilitation, intervention, and education. Examples of the interdisciplinary reach of this encyclopedia: A strong focus on health issues, with topics such as Asperger's syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, anatomy of the human larynx, dementia, etc. Including core psychology and cognitive sciences topics, such as social development, stigma, language acquisition, self-help groups, memory, depression, memory, Behaviorism, and cognitive development Education is covered in topics such as cooperative learning, special education, classroom-based service delivery The editors have recruited top researchers and clinicians across multiple fields to contribute to approximately 640 signed entries across four volumes. |
central kurdish to english: Speech and the City Yaron Matras, 2024-05-30 Explores how cities can offer a counter-weight to hostile attitudes to multilingualism by forging civic identities that embrace diversity. |
central kurdish to english: The Encyclopedia Britannica , 1922 |
central kurdish to english: The Oxford Handbook of Persian Linguistics Anousha Sedighi, Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi, 2018-08-03 This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of the field of Persian linguistics, discusses its development, and captures critical accounts of cutting edge research within its major subfields, as well as outlining current debates and suggesting productive lines of future research. Leading scholars in the major subfields of Persian linguistics examine a range of topics split into six thematic parts. Following a detailed introduction from the editors, the volume begins by placing Persian in its historical and typological context in Part I. Chapters in Part II examine topics relating to phonetics and phonology, while Part III looks at approaches to and features of Persian syntax. The fourth part of the volume explores morphology and lexicography, as well as the work of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature. Part V, language and people, covers topics such as language contact and teaching Persian as a foreign language, while the final part examines psycho- neuro-, and computational linguistics. The volume will be an essential resource for all scholars with an interest in Persian language and linguistics. |
central kurdish to english: The Kurdish National Movement Wadie Jwaideh, 2006-06-19 A seminal work in the field of Kurdish studies, Wadie Jwaideh’s pioneering research, published for the first time, presents a detailed analysis of the early phases of Kurdish nationalism and offers a framework within which to understand the movement’s later development. Following Wadie Jwaideh’s dissertation defense, his doctoral chairman took aside Jwaideh’s wife, Alice, and asked her to submit the work for publication without Wadie’s permission, believing that Wadie’s penchant for perfection would postpone its publication indefinitely. The thesis was never published during Jwaideh’s lifetime, but its fame spread by word of mouth, and many scholars have recognized its importance not only as a study of the earlier periods of Kurdish nationalism but also as a model for understanding its subsequent history. The work now stands as a classic, referenced by some of the most renowned scholars in the field. Its publication will permit it to reach a greater audience and to contribute more fully to the understanding and appreciation of this geopolitical and cultural movement. Jwaideh was born in the southern Iraqi city of Basra, into an Arabic-speaking Christian family that later moved to Baghdad. His intimate knowledge of the land and its people gave Jwaideh shrewd insight into Kurdish society and politics. Exploring the rich historical roots of the Kurdish national movement, he challenges the established view of the early Kurdish uprisings as isolated incidents triggered by economic hardship or political dissatisfaction. Instead he offers a new interpretation of the Kurds’ nationalist position, convincingly demonstrating the age and depth of their grievances. This complex and layered history of the Kurdish nationalist movement offers a valuable perspective from which to view the current conditions in Iraq. Jwaideh’s sensitive and prescient treatment of this region gives his study great contemporary relevance. |
central kurdish to english: Gorani in its Historical and Linguistic Context Shuan Osman Karim, Saloumeh Gholami, 2024-10-21 Gorani refers to under-documented, endangered varieties spoken in a cluster within the Zagros mountains (Iran/Iraq). These varieties possess conservative features of importance to linguists. However, their study has been plagued by nomenclature and taxonomy issues. Traditional names for these languages have been supplanted first by orientalists' prescriptions and then by their linguist heirs. Inaccurate terminology has sewn discord between speaker communities, disturbing the sociolinguistic landscape. This volume represents the state of the art of Gorani's historical and socio-linguistics, documentation, and literature, as well as an effort to aid the decolonization of Gorani linguistics. |
central kurdish to english: The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Jews of Dohok Dorota Molin, 2024-04-22 This book combines in-depth grammatical analysis with dialectology and typology. It presents important features of Jewish Neo-Aramaic from Dohok (Iraqi Kurdistan), a previously undocumented dialect that is now on the verge of extinction. The first Neo-Aramaic grammar to offer data glossing, this book is accessible for and highly relevant to Semitists, language typologists and historical linguists. It focuses especially on phonology, verbal morphosyntax and syntax. The monograph also highlights features that characterise the wider lišana deni dialect group, which is the most widespread Jewish Neo-Aramaic today. The book leverages the staggering microvariation persisting within North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic to reconstruct the grammaticalisation of some key Neo-Aramaic constructions. It also includes a text sample of prime historiographic value (Jews of Iraq during the Second World War). |
central kurdish to english: Canonical Morphology and Syntax Dunstan Brown, Marina Chumakina, Greville G. Corbett, 2013 This is the first book to present Canonical Typology, a framework for comparing constructions and categories across languages. The canonical method takes the criteria used to define particular categories or phenomena (eg negation, finiteness, possession) to create a multidimensional space in which language-specific instances can be placed. In this way, the issue of fit becomes a matter of greater or lesser proximity to a canonical ideal. Drawing on the expertise of world class scholars in the field, the book addresses the issue of cross-linguistic comparability, illustrates the range of areas - from morphosyntactic features to reported speech - to which linguists are currently applying this methodology, and explores to what degree the approach succeeds in discovering the elusive canon of linguistic phenomena. |
central kurdish to english: The Gap-year Guidebook 2013 Jonathan Barnes, 2012 'The Gap-Year Guidebook 2013' has comprehensive advice on travelling, volunteering, working round the world, languages, sports courses, office skills, career breaks and life after the gap year. |
central kurdish to english: The Encyclopædia Britannica Hugh Chisholm, 1922 |
central kurdish to english: The Encyclopaedia Britannica Hugh Chisholm, 1922 |
central kurdish to english: Grammaticalization from a Typological Perspective Heiko Narrog, Bernd Heine, 2018 This volume explores the way in which grammaticalization processes converge and differ across languages and language areas. Chapters systemically explore these processes languages of Africa, Europe, Asia and the Pacific, and the Americas, and in creole languages, revealing a number of unique pathways as well as shared features. |
central kurdish to english: Kurdish Journalism Hoshyar Karim, 2015-09-26 This study is divided into three chapters. Chapter one deals with the Kurds and their country Kurdistan. It covers a short account on the geography of the area, the population of the people, situation of the Kurds in the countries where they live, their origin and their language and literature. In chapter two the following two points are discussed: 1.The appearance of the first Kurdish newspaper. 2.A general survey of the previous works on the Kurdish newspapers and periodicals. Chapter three covers in chronological order, the Kurdish newspapers and other periodical publications from 22nd April 1898, the date of the first Kurdish newspaper KURDISTAN until 14th July 1958. Each entry where possible, is given a full bibliographical description, followed by the locations of the surviving issues in all libraries in Kurdistan and abroad. There follows a detailed discussion on the political and historical circumstances, the editor(s), owner, manager(s), contributors, contents, frequency, number of issues published, the income and financial position and the printing press(es)used. This chapter also reveals the following facts: 1.Most of these publications had short lives. 2.All these publications were subsidised by their owners and editors. 3.During this period (1898 1958) there were no daily Kurdish newspapers. 4.Their contents were mostly political and literary. |
central kurdish to english: Beyond Iraq Amitav Acharya, Hiro Katsumata, 2011 How does the Iraq War affect the future world order? What kinds of problems has this war brought about, and what is needed to remedy these problems, so as to reconstruct an order in Iraq and beyond? The present volume is a collection of essays exploring these issues, written by leading scholars in their respective fields. Importantly, the Iraq War has caused numerous long-term security and economic problems in Iraq (Chapter 1) and in the Middle East (Chapter 2). In addition, this war represents a failure of the Western liberals' project of establishing a liberal market democracy, and these liberals are likely to repeat the same error elsewhere in the future (Chapter 3). Moreover, the war underlines the crisis in global governance today, but the idea of reforming the United Nations has some serious limitations (Chapter 4). With regard to the issue of terrorism, ?Al-Qaeda in Iraq? has been operating in the field for some time, and thus Iraq will likely remain an important global center of terrorism in the foreseeable future (Chapter 5). |
central kurdish to english: Peace Handbooks: Turkey in Asia (II), no. 61-66 Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section, 1920 |
central kurdish to english: The Kurds Martin Short, 1981 |
Central Boulder Neighborhood | Boulder, CO
Smack dab in the geographic middle of Boulder, this neighborhood is close to just about everything while also being its own hub of cultural activity, including art galleries, casual …
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Starting in 2027, Boulder will become the new home of the Sundance Film Festival. Archaeological evidence shows that Boulder Valley has been continuously inhabited by Native …
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Central Park provides children with access to Boulder Creek, whether it is by simply dipping their feet in the water, or entering the water by tubing or kayaking. This creates an environment …
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Pedestrian-only promenade lined with an array of eclectic shops, eateries, and street entertainment. Ideal for leisurely strolls and family outings amidst scenic views. This attraction …
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The brick-paved Pearl Street is Boulder's heart and soul — a central gathering place where locals and visitors alike come to stroll and shop among the historic storefronts, dine at buzzed-about …
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namic and diverse place. The area is rich with iconic Boulder locations, including Downtown and the Pearl Street Mall, University Hill, Boul. er Creek, and Chautauqua. As such, Central …
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Founder Central is a coworking haven for founders and creatives alike. Bathed in abundant natural light with an open layout, private suites and conference rooms, we know you’ll love the …
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Discover Central Boulder, Boulder, CO with our comprehensive area guide. Includes livability scores with cost of living, crime, education, schools and housing data.
Central Boulder Neighborhood | Boulder, CO
Smack dab in the geographic middle of Boulder, this neighborhood is close to just about everything while also being its own hub of cultural activity, including art galleries, casual …
Boulder, Colorado - Wikipedia
Starting in 2027, Boulder will become the new home of the Sundance Film Festival. Archaeological evidence shows that Boulder Valley has been continuously inhabited by Native …
30 Best & Fun Things To Do In Boulder (Colorado) - Busy Tourist
Dec 23, 2024 · Whether you’re an outdoor enthusiast eager to explore scenic trails, a foodie seeking farm-to-table delights, or an art lover in search of unique galleries, Boulder offers a …
Central Park & Civic Area - City of Boulder
Central Park provides children with access to Boulder Creek, whether it is by simply dipping their feet in the water, or entering the water by tubing or kayaking. This creates an environment …
About - Resource Central
Established in 1976, Resource Central's innovative programs have helped over 1,000,000 people save water, conserve energy, and reduce waste.
Things to Do in Boulder - Tripadvisor
Pedestrian-only promenade lined with an array of eclectic shops, eateries, and street entertainment. Ideal for leisurely strolls and family outings amidst scenic views. This attraction …
Top Things To Do In Boulder, CO | Attractions & Activities
The brick-paved Pearl Street is Boulder's heart and soul — a central gathering place where locals and visitors alike come to stroll and shop among the historic storefronts, dine at buzzed-about …
LAND USE MAP DESIGNATIONS - City of Boulder
namic and diverse place. The area is rich with iconic Boulder locations, including Downtown and the Pearl Street Mall, University Hill, Boul. er Creek, and Chautauqua. As such, Central …
Welcome to Founder Central
Founder Central is a coworking haven for founders and creatives alike. Bathed in abundant natural light with an open layout, private suites and conference rooms, we know you’ll love the …
Central Boulder, CO Area Guide - AreaVibes
Discover Central Boulder, Boulder, CO with our comprehensive area guide. Includes livability scores with cost of living, crime, education, schools and housing data.