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| causes of political decentralization in europe: Decentralization and Its Implications for Urban Service Delivery William Dillinger, 1994 This paper reviews efforts to improve the efficiency and responsiveness of urban services delivery in developing countries. It argues that failures in urban service delivery are not merely the result of a lack of technical knowledge on the part of local government staff, but also reflect constraints and perverse incentives confronting local personnel and their political leadership, and these, in turn, are often the inadverten result of problems in the relationship between central and local government. The report views the spread of decentralization as a potentially fortuitous phenomenon. The decentralization now occurring is not a carefully designed sequence of reforms aimed at improving the efficiency of public service delivery ; it appears to be a reluctant and disorderly series of concessions by central governments attempting to maintain political stability. (Adapté du résumé de l'auteur). |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Symposium on Political Centralization and Decentralization in Europe and North America , 1990 |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Handbook on Decentralization, Devolution and the State Lago, Ignacio, 2021-10-19 Taking a multidisciplinary approach to the dynamics of political and economic decentralization in contemporary regimes, this comprehensive Handbook offers a critical examination of how the decentralization of governance affects citizen well-being. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization James Manor, 1999 Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivation are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise and limitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since the early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed. It identifies the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development. And it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Government formation in Multi-Level Settings I. Stefuriuc, 2013-04-08 This book examines how parties negotiate coalition deals at the subnational level using the examples of Germany and Spain. In such multi-level settings, parties are present at various negotiation tables often having to make difficult choices about their role in the coalition and the relative merits of being in government over the opposition. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Secessionism and Separatism in Europe and Asia Jean-Pierre Cabestan, Aleksandar Pavković, 2013 This book provides a comparative survey of recent attempts at secession and separatist movements from across Europe and Asia, and assesses the responses of the respective host governments. With political analysis of recent cases ranging from the Balkans, the USSR, the UK and the Basque Country, to Sri Lanka, Burma, China, Tibet and Taiwan, the authors identify both similarities and differences in the processes and outcomes of secessionist and separatist movements across the two distinct regions. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: The Consolidation of Democracy Carsten Q. Schneider, 2008-11-19 This book investigates the successes and failures in consolidating those democratic regimes that emerged in Europe and Latin America in the last quarter of the 20th century. The theoretical approach developed combines the most prominent political-institutional and socio-structural approaches to explaining the Consolidation of Democracy (CoD). Reinterpreting conventional claims, Schneider’s comparative analyses of 32 countries indicates that the driving force behind CoD is the fit between the institutional type of democracy and the societal context in terms of power dispersion. This book: presents new data measuring dimensions of regime transition processes in Latin America, the Middle East and Northern Africa, as well as some former Soviet republics; reassesses some core assumptions of the dominant transition paradigm; discusses general methodological issues involved when investigating causally complex claims in comparative social research and presents fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) as a valuable addition to the methodological tool kit of comparative social scientists. This innovative and important volume will be of interest to political scientists, particularly those with an interest in democracy, democratization, comparative politics and comparative methodology. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: The Globalization of International Society Tim Dunne, Christian Reus-Smit, 2017-01-19 The Globalization of International Society re-examines the development of today's society of sovereign states, drawing on a wealth of new scholarship to challenge the landmark account presented in Bull and Watson's classic work, The Expansion of International Society (OUP, 1984). For Bull and Watson, international society originated in Europe, and expanded as successive waves of new states were integrated into a rule-governed order. International society, on their view, was thus a European cultural artefact - a claim that is at odds with recent scholarship in history, politics, and related fields of research. Bringing together leading scholars from Asia, Australia, Europe, and the United States, this book provides an alternative account: it draws out the diversity of polities that existed at around c1500; it shows how interacting identities, political orders, and economic forces were intensifying within and across regions; it details the tangled dynamics that helped to globalize the European conception of a pluralist international society, through patterns of warfare and between East and West. The Globalization of International Society examines the institutional contours of contemporary international society, with its unique blend of universal sovereignty and global law, and its forms of hierarchy that coexist with commitments to international human rights. The book explores the multiple forms of contestation that challenge international society today: contests over the limits of sovereignty in relation to cosmopolitan conceptions of responsibility, disputes over global governance, concerns about persistent economic, racial, and gender-based patterns of disadvantage, and lastly the threat to the established order opened up by the disruptive power of digital communications. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Causes and Consequences of Democratization Anastassia V. Obydenkova, Alexander Libman, 2015-05-22 In recent decades, the regions of Russia have taken different paths of regime transition. Despite the consolidation of an autocratic regime at national level and the centralization steered by Vladimir Putin’s government, the variation across sub-national regimes persists. Using an innovative theoretical framework, this book explores both causes and consequences of democratization in the regions of Russia. It is the first study in the field to systematically integrate structural and agency approaches in order to account for economic, social, historical and international causes of democratization and to trace its consequences. By focusing on the challenging and under-studied topic of sub-national regimes, the book provides a unique perspective on regime transition and the new theoretical framework contributes to a better understanding of democratization world-wide. The book will be of key interest to scholars and students of democratization, sub-national regimes, East European politics, comparative politics, post-communism, and international relations. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Warfare and Diplomacy in Pre-Colonial West Africa Robert S. Smith, 2023-12-20 Originally published in 1976, this book combines detailed technical studies of the diplomacy of the land and waterborne warfare of pre-colonial West Africa. It draws attention to the connexion between these topics as dual aspects of international relations and refers to those parts of West African indigenous diplomacy, showing how these resembled and diverged from practice elsewhere. The causes and consequences of West African wars are analysed and the wide range of weaponry, armour and transport used by armies is also discussed. Strategy and tactics of the wars in relation to defensive operations are also examined. Throughout the book a considerable body of evidence from many sources is deployed to justify both the factual content and the conclusions which are drawn. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Handbook of Multilevel Finance Ehtisham Ahmad, Giorgio Brosio, 2015-02-27 This Handbook explores and explains new developments in the _second generation‘ theory of public finance, in which benevolent rulers and governments have been replaced by personally motivated politicians and the associated institutions. Following a com |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Comparative Politics Daniele Caramani, 2008 'Comparative Politics' provides a comprehensive introduction to political systems around the world. It covers methods and theories; the nation-state; institutions; actors and processes; policies; and recent changes. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Television on Your Doorstep Bernat López, Miquel de Moragas Spa, 1999 This work brings together 14 national reports and a detailed account of television in the European Union. It provides data on the contradictory processes of media globalization and decentralization and offers an optomistic approach to the future of television in the new era of digital broadcasting. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Political Institutions and Party-Directed Corruption in South America Daniel W. Gingerich, 2013-12-02 This book examines how the structure of electoral institutions may affect political corruption. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Populism and Patronage Paul D. Kenny, 2017-09-22 Populist rule is bad for democracy, yet in country after country, populists are being voted into office. Populism and Patronage shows that the populists such as Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi win elections when the institutionalized ties between non-populist parties and voters decay. Yet, the explanations for this decay differ across different types of party system. Populism and Patronage focuses on the particular vulnerability of patronage-based party systems to populism. Patronage-based systems are ones in which parties depend on the distribution of patronage through a network of brokers to mobilize voters. Drawing on principal agent theory and social network theory, this book argues that an increase in broker autonomy weakens the ties between patronage parties and voters, making latter available for direct mobilization by populists. Decentralization is thus a major factor behind populist success in patronage democracies. The volume argues that populists exploit the breakdown in national patronage networks by connecting directly with the people through the media and mass rallies, avoiding or minimizing the use of deeply-institutionalized party structures.This book not only reinterprets the recurrent appeal of populism in India, but also offers a more general theory of populist electoral support that is tested using qualitative and quantitative data on cases from across Asia and around the world, including Indonesia, Japan, Venezuela, and Peru. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Islam and Politics in the Modern Middle East Metin Heper, Raphael Israeli, 2014-04-11 The recent resurgence of Islam in the Middle East is a far more complex phenomenon than is often suggested by those analyses which reduce recent developments in the area to no more than an intensification of religiosity. Islam and Politics in the Modern Middle East challenges that perception of the contemporary Middle East. It explores the nature of the Islamic revival and attempts to establish the original impulse behind particular instances of Islamic resurgence. It also examines the degree to which religious institutions have served as a mechanism for expressing secular demands and frustrations and investigates to what extent politics is a functional alternative to religion. First published in 1984. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Religious Diaspora in Early Modern Europe Timothy G Fehler, 2015-10-06 This collection of essays looks at the shared experience of exile across different groups in the early modern period. Contributors argue that exile is a useful analytical tool in the study of a wide variety of peoples previously examined in isolation. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: The Rise of Regionalism Rune Dahl Fitjar, 2009-09-10 This book examines why regional identities are stronger in some regions than in others, and discusses the underlying causes of the mobilization of sub-state regions in Western Europe over the past fifty years. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: A Research Agenda for New Institutional Economics Claude Ménard, Mary M. Shirley, 2018-12-28 Consisting of 30 concise chapters written by top scholars, this Research Agenda probes the knowledge frontiers of issues long at the forefront of New Institutional Economics (NIE), including government, contracts and property rights. It examines pressing research questions surrounding norms, culture, and beliefs. It is designed to inform and inspire students and those starting their careers in economics, law and political science. Well-established scholars will also find the book invaluable in updating their understanding of crucial research questions and seeking new areas to explore. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Handbook on the Political Economy of Health Systems Joan Costa-Font, Alberto Batinti, Gilberto Turati, 2023-06-01 This ground breaking Handbook brings together a number of chapters into one comprehensive book on the timely subject matter of the political economy of health and health care. The book contains up-to-date discussion on the state of the art of the key questions of the subject matter, and it provides a unique understanding of health policy making by drawing on an interdisciplinary approach to political economy. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Corruption and Government Susan Rose-Ackerman, Bonnie J. Palifka, 2016-03-07 This new edition of a 1999 classic shows how institutionalized corruption can be fought through sophisticated political-economic reform. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: New Directions in Federalism Studies Jan Erk, Wilfried Swenden, 2010-01-04 This book compares and explores different aspects and perspectives of federalism studies, providing an analytical framework which transcends the sub-fields and encourages contributors to look beyond their own disciplinary approaches to the topic. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Waiting for Democracy Jesse Craig Ribot, 2004 References pp. 115-132. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: The Political Economy of Inter-regional Fiscal Flows Nuria Bosch, Marta Espasa, 2010-01-01 Struggles over what a region receives, or should receive, from the budget of the central government are common to many countries. Discussions often focus on the measures of net fiscal flows or fiscal balances provided by the government or other actors. This unique book shows just how these flows are computed then interpreted and clarifies the often misunderstood economic and political motives that explain why some regions receive more monies than others. The Political Economy of Inter-Regional Fiscal Flows provides an overview of the main methods currently being used to measure fiscal flows , highlighting the advantages of the different approaches and interpreting their results. The book reviews the political economy literature that analyses the determinants of inter-regional fiscal flows . Particular attention is devoted to the relationship between fiscal flows and country stability, with methodological contributions and country studies both focusing on this issue. The contributing economists and political scientists provide a state-of-the-art study that will prove to be of great use to academics and practitioners in public sector economics and finance. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Rethinking Federalism Studies Carol S. Weissert, 2023-08-14 In this timely book, Carol S. Weissert proves that federalism is highly relevant to the modern world and worthy of deeper academic study. Highlighting the dynamic nature of federalism, this book focuses on linking scholarship to the policy and politics of federalism in the US and across the world. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Europe's Role in Nation-building James Dobbins, 2008 The European Union and its member nations have proven adept at mounting small-scale nation-building operations and should be ready to handle more substantial missions. Building on prior RAND work, this volume presents six case studies of recent European-led nation-building missions, in Albania, Sierra Leone, Macedonia, Côte d'Ivoire, the Congo, and Bosnia, as well as a review of the Australian mission to the Solomon Islands. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Institutional Competition Andreas Bergh, Rolf Höijer, 2008-01-01 This book has much to commend it, because of the richness and diversity of the issues addressed. Indira Rajaraman, Tax Justice Focus The volume offers substantial insights into the nature of institutional competition, focusing mostly on governmental institutions, and shows the many subtleties in understanding and analyzing the role of institutions. Institutional competition is a small subset of institutional analysis, but an important one, and while the volume does cover the more familiar tax and expenditure topics, it also delves more deeply into the subject. Randall G. Holcombe, Public Choice While economists typically praise the merits of competition among market-based enterprises, they are not so sure when it comes to competition among institutions, especially governments. I am aware of no better source for thoughtful reflection on competition among institutions than the ten essays presented in this book. Richard E. Wagner, George Mason University, US Why is competition between institutions usually viewed in a negative light, when competition is considered positive in most other economic contexts? The contributors to this volume introduce new perspectives on this issue, analytically and empirically exploring reasons for this perception. Negative assessments of institutional competition emphasize that such competition may lead to a race to the bottom in terms of eroding government revenues, redistributing wealth from workers to capitalists, and limiting democracy by forcing politicians to prioritize international investment capital rather than working for their voters. In this volume, however, many of the essays draw attention to the positive learning and information effects. The contributors conclude that competition may actually lead to institutions becoming more efficient in allocating resources. Students and scholars of economics, political economy, international relations and political science will find the book s non-traditional take on institutional competition a must-read, as will policy analysts and those with an interest in taxation and welfare states. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Climate Change and Ancient Societies in Europe and the Near East Paul Erdkamp, Joseph G. Manning, Koenraad Verboven, 2021-11-05 Climate change over the past thousands of years is undeniable, but debate has arisen about its impact on past human societies. This book explores the link between climate and society in ancient worlds, focusing on the ancient economies of western Eurasia and northern Africa from the fourth millennium BCE up to the end of the first millennium CE. This book contributes to the multi-disciplinary debate between scholars working on climate and society from various backgrounds. The chronological boundaries of the book are set by the emergence of complex societies in the Neolithic on the one end and the rise of early-modern states in global political and economic exchange on the other. In order to stimulate comparison across the boundaries of modern periodization, this book ends with demography and climate change in early-modern and modern Italy, a society whose empirical data allows the kind of statistical analysis that is impossible for ancient societies. The book highlights the role of human agency, and the complex interactions between the natural environment and the socio-cultural, political, demographic, and economic infrastructure of any given society. It is intended for a wide audience of scholars and students in ancient economic history, specifically Rome and Late Antiquity. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Decentralization and Local Democracy in the World United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), 2008-11-04 'Decentralization and Local Democracy in the World' constitutes a global reference on decentralization by presenting the contemporary situation of local governments in all regions of the world. The report analyzes local authorities in each continent under three main themes: the evolution of territorial structures; responsibilities and power, management and finances; and local democracy. An additional chapter is dedicated to the governance of large metropolises, where rapid growth presents major challenges, in particular in the fast-developing countries of the South. This report also offers a comparative overview of the different realities concerning the state of decentralization, and how the basic indispensable mechansims for local democracy do, or do not exist in come countries. Relationships between the state and local authorities are evolving toward innovative forms of cooperation. In this context, the role of local authorities in the development of global policies is increasingly recognized. The first Global Observatory on Local Democracy and Decentralization (GOLD) Report is one of the main products of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). The GOLD Report is the first of what will be a triennial publication. UCLG represents and defends the interests of local governments on the world stage, regardless of the size of the communities they serve. Headquartered in Barcelona, the organization's stated mission is: To be the united voice and world advocate of democratic local self-government, promoting its values, objectives and interests, through cooperation between local governments, and within the wider international community. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Urban Problems in Western Europe Paul C. Cheshire, Dennis G. Hay, 2017-10-12 This major study, first published in 1989, examines Western Europe’s urban problems in unprecedented breadth and depth. It is a synthesis of research which had three main aims: to establish an informed view of the state of urban Europe in the most systematic and consistent way possible; to investigate document and analyse the various causes of urban problems; and to analyse general trends and similarities, as well as discovering what was local and particular. This book should prove invaluable to students, researchers and professionals concerned with urban affairs, whether they be geographers, planners, economists or policy-makers. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Citizens' Initiatives in Europe M. Setälä, T. Schiller, 2012-03-13 An exploration and analysis of the regulation and practices of citizens' initiatives in eleven European democracies and the EU. The contributors to this volume shed light on how citizens' initiatives influence patterns of political agenda-setting in representative democracies and how they can contribute to participatory democracy. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Decentralized Governance and Accountability Jonathan A. Rodden, Erik Wibbels, 2019-02-28 Reviews recent lessons about decentralized governance and implications for future development programs and policies. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Warfare & Diplomacy in Pre-colonial West Africa Robert Sydney Smith, 1989 This new edition of the well-known innovative study of the relations of the peoples of West Africa in the precolonial period covers a period of some four or five hundred years, up to the last decades of the nineteenth century. Smith takes account of outside influences but focuses primarily on what happened between African states before the partition of the area and the establishment of colonies. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Global Challenge and Local Response Walter B. Stöhr, 1990 The volume grew out of research undertaken as a part of the UN University's European Perspectives Project. It addresses the consequences of the failure of large-scale industrial enterprise, and the inability of central government policies to cope with the results of economic restructuring, in a series of comparative case studies showing how local communities throughout Europe (East and West, rural and industrial) have responded to economic dislocation and decline, and how these local initiatives have become the basis for economic regeneration. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Professional Services in the EU Internal Market Tinne Heremans, 2012-01-31 Professional services are a key component of the EU internal market economy yet also significantly challenge the legal framework governing this internal market. Indeed, specific professional regulatory structures, which are often the result of a blend of government and self-regulation, hold clear potential for conflict with EU free movement and competition law rules. Hence this book looks at the manner in which both free movement and competition laws might apply to such self- and co-regulatory set-ups, and at the leeway given to quality considerations (apparently) conflicting with free movement or competition objectives. In addition, since court action will seldom suffice to genuinely integrate a market, the book also explores those instruments of EU secondary legislation that are likely to impact the most on the provision of professional services. However, the book goes beyond a mere inventory to ask how EU Internal Market policy could contribute to the optimal legal environment for professional services. A law and economics analysis is employed to investigate the need for specific professional rules, the preferred type of regulator (self-, co- or government regulation), and the level - national and/or European - at which regulation should be adopted. As becomes clear, the story of the market for professional services is one of market and government failure; the author is thus left to compare imperfect situations where market failures compete with rent-seeking efforts, the tendency towards over-centralisation and national protectionism. This book offers both an in-depth legal analysis of the EU framework as it applies to professional services as well as a more normative evaluation of this framework based on insights from law and economics scholarship. It will therefore be a valuable resource for all practitioners, policy-makers and academics dealing with professional services, as well as, more generally, with questions of quality and self-regulation. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: AP WORLD HISTORY NARAYAN CHANGDER, 2022-12-19 Note: Anyone can request the PDF version of this practice set/workbook by emailing me at cbsenet4u@gmail.com. I will send you a PDF version of this workbook. This book has been designed for candidates preparing for various competitive examinations. It contains many objective questions specifically designed for different exams. Answer keys are provided at the end of each page. It will undoubtedly serve as the best preparation material for aspirants. This book is an engaging quiz eBook for all and offers something for everyone. This book will satisfy the curiosity of most students while also challenging their trivia skills and introducing them to new information. Use this invaluable book to test your subject-matter expertise. Multiple-choice exams are a common assessment method that all prospective candidates must be familiar with in today?s academic environment. Although the majority of students are accustomed to this MCQ format, many are not well-versed in it. To achieve success in MCQ tests, quizzes, and trivia challenges, one requires test-taking techniques and skills in addition to subject knowledge. It also provides you with the skills and information you need to achieve a good score in challenging tests or competitive examinations. Whether you have studied the subject on your own, read for pleasure, or completed coursework, it will assess your knowledge and prepare you for competitive exams, quizzes, trivia, and more. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Writing the History of Nationalism Stefan Berger, Eric Storm, 2019-09-19 What is nationalism and how can we study it from a historical perspective? Writing the History of Nationalism answers this question by examining eleven historical approaches to nationalism studies in theory and practice. An impressive cast of contributors cover the history of nationalism from a wide range of thematic approaches, from traditional modernist and Marxist perspectives to more recent debates around gender. postcolonialism and the global turn in history writing. This book is essential reading for undergraduate students of history, politics and sociology wanting to understand the complex yet fascinating history of nationalism. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Corruption Ray Fisman, Miriam A. Golden, 2017-03-10 Corruption regularly makes front page headlines: public officials embezzling government monies, selling public offices, and trading bribes for favors to private companies generate public indignation and calls for reform. In Corruption: What Everyone Needs to Know®, renowned scholars Ray Fisman and Miriam A. Golden provide a deeper understanding of why corruption is so damaging politically, socially, and economically. Among the key questions examined are: is corruption the result of perverse economic incentives? Does it stem from differences in culture and tolerance for illicit acts of government officials? Why don't voters throw corrupt politicians out of office? Vivid examples from a wide range of countries and situations shed light on the causes of corruption, and how it can be combated. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies Shane Martin, Thomas Saalfeld, Kaare Strøm, 2014 Legislatures are arguably the most important political institution in modern democracies. The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies, written by some of the most distinguished legislative scholars in political science, provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description and critical assessment of the state of the art in this key area. |
| causes of political decentralization in europe: Ethnic Conflict Karl Cordell, Stefan Wolff, 2009 Investigating the causes and consequences of ethnic conflict, the authors argue that the most effective responses are those that take into account factors at the local, state, regional and global level and that avoid seeking simplistic explanations and solutions to what is a truly complex phenomenon. Ethnic conflicts are man-made, not natural disasters, and as such they can be understood, prevented and settled. However, it takes skilful, committed and principled leaders to achieve durable settlements that are supported by their followers, and it takes the long-term commitment of the international community to enable and sustain such settlements. --Book Jacket. |
grammar - When should I use "cause" and "causes"? - English …
Apr 3, 2020 · In both situations there is a lack of resources which causes people to die. This sentence should be read as follows: there's a lack of some resources, and it is this lack that's …
“cause” or “causes”? - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
Is this the only factor that causes such tragedies? In that form, the singular factor matches with the verb causes. Your sentence mixes the plural rooms with the singular factor, making it hard for …
"causes of" or "causes for" - English Language Learners Stack …
Jun 10, 2020 · I want to put a title in a work: causes of/ for this problem . Now, I know that I can put simply: "causes" and no more needed. But I'm asking also for the text itself where I can't just use …
When we use 'to cause to be'? - English Language Learners Stack …
"Chlorine causes my hair to be (or to become) dry." I can't think of a circumstance where "to cause to be" would be preferable to "make", but it's correct as long as you're consistent with tenses. …
prepositions - Difference between "As For" and "As To" - English ...
Jan 9, 2015 · There is disagreement as to the causes of the fire. I remained uncertain as to the value of his suggestions. (2. meaning) according to, by. Example - The eggs are graded as to size and …
A word that means unable to die AND unable to be killed?
Dec 7, 2018 · Also note, "invincible" does not mean "unable to die from natural causes". "Invincible" means "cannot be defeated". A chess grandmaster could be "invincible", but could and probably …
How to explain when one event affects something else, and then ...
ripple effect: a situation in which one thing causes a series of other things to happen. So you could word your sentence like this: A mismatch has a ripple effect: the current edge should be fixed …
Neither Nor subject agreement - English Language Learners Stack …
Sep 25, 2019 · It seems to depend on the exact context. But unless you're going to claim that I don't think your friends or your wife likes me is actually "correct" (and to me that one isn't even …
determiners - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
Oct 27, 2022 · The infection of a rodent causes the infection of all the other rodents in the world. The quantity of rodents is not the focus, but rather the fact that X is a rodent versus being …
the flu VS a flu - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
Jun 18, 2018 · a common infectious illness that causes fever and headache: a flu virus to catch/get/have (the) flu. U - means uncountable. You can have more or less flu but you can't …
grammar - When should I use "cause" and "causes"? - Englis…
Apr 3, 2020 · In both situations there is a lack of resources which causes people to die. This sentence should be read as follows: there's a lack of some …
“cause” or “causes”? - English Language Learners Stack Exch…
Is this the only factor that causes such tragedies? In that form, the singular factor matches with the verb causes. Your sentence mixes the plural …
"causes of" or "causes for" - English Language Learners St…
Jun 10, 2020 · I want to put a title in a work: causes of/ for this problem . Now, I know that I can put simply: "causes" and no more needed. But …
When we use 'to cause to be'? - English Language Learners St…
"Chlorine causes my hair to be (or to become) dry." I can't think of a circumstance where "to cause to be" would be preferable to "make", but …
prepositions - Difference between "As For" and "As To" …
Jan 9, 2015 · There is disagreement as to the causes of the fire. I remained uncertain as to the value of his suggestions. (2. meaning) according …
