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| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck, Robin A. Beck, 2013-06-24 Offers a new framework for understanding the transformation of the Native American South during the first centuries of the colonial era. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History James Ciment, 2016-09-16 No era in American history has been more fascinating to Americans, or more critical to the ultimate destiny of the United States, than the colonial era. Between the time that the first European settlers established a colony at Jamestown in 1607 through the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the outlines of America's distinctive political culture, economic system, social life, and cultural patterns had begun to emerge. Designed to complement the high school American history curriculum as well as undergraduate survey courses, Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History captures it all: the people, institutions, ideas, and events of the first three hundred years of American history. While it focuses on the thirteen British colonies stretching along the Atlantic, Colonial America sets this history in its larger contexts. Entries also cover Canada, the American Southwest and Mexico, and the Caribbean and Atlantic world directly impacting the history of the thirteen colonies. This encyclopedia explores the complete early history of what would become the United States, including portraits of Native American life in the immediate pre-contact period, early Spanish exploration, and the first settlements by Spanish, French, Dutch, Swedish, and English colonists. This monumental five-volume set brings America's colonial heritage vibrantly to life for today's readers. It includes: thematic essays on major issues and topics; detailed A-Z entries on hundreds of people, institutions, events, and ideas; thematic and regional chronologies; hundreds of illustrations; primary documents; and a glossary and multiple indexes. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: North Carolina Craig A. Doherty, Katherine M. Doherty, 2005 Describes life in the early colony, including the many conflicts with Native Americans, disease, the presence of pirates, the use of timber and tar in shipbuilding (which contributed to the state's nickname The Tar Heel State), and the history of slavery in the colony. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: The New Era of Native American Heritage: European Genocide, and the Genetic Science of Survival Milton Campbell, 2022-10-20 Native North Americans and their history from colonial times to the present day have been a topic of discussion and study by nearly every ethnic group and nationality around the world. It could be said that the Native American has been cast and recast, interpreted, reinterpreted, and misinterpreted more than any other ethnic group throughout modern history. The Anglo centric perspective remains the most widely adopted way of looking at Native American civilizations. It is still widely accepted as positive that white colonists “discovered “the North American continent and due to their racial superiority supplanted the less developed, “savage” native inhabitants. Even the seemingly more Native American friendly interpretations of history still cast them as a conquered victimized and oppressed minority, over simplifying them as uniformly dignified, peace-loving people who lived harmoniously with nature. Historians, and those who interpret the past are inevitably a product of the social, cultural, and political issues of their time, as well as their education and echelon of society. Fortunately, as societies evolve, responsible historians have been prompted to reconsider these long-held assumptions within the context of a more evolved and diverse perspective. Even more importantly, however, in the last several decades, historians of Native American descent are finally enriching the field of North American history by adding the vital dimension of their long-absent native voices. Native Americans themselves are at long last being invited to participate in interpreting and researching their own ancestral colonization. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes Carl Waldman, 2014-05-14 A comprehensive, illustrated encyclopedia which provides information on over 150 native tribes of North America, including prehistoric peoples. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Native Peoples of the World Steven L. Danver, 2015-03-10 This work examines the world's indigenous peoples, their cultures, the countries in which they reside, and the issues that impact these groups. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: We’Ve Done Them Wrong! George E. Saurman, 2012-08-29 From the mountains, to the prairies To the oceans white with foam, Every Native American Must leave his home. l. Imagine that someone comes to your home and forces you at gunpoint to leave. Your response might be termed savage. Savage was how the New World invaders described American Indians. Settlers chased them across the continent, as the government signed treaties that they later broke. They also subjected the native inhabitants to horrible atrocities. Author George E. Saurman, a World War II veteran and proud American, explores what really happened to Native American Indians, examining Native American Indian tribes and their customs; the actions of early settlers, including William Penn and his holy experiment; contributions of the Native American Indians; and conditions on reservations today. Saurman also considers how the Bureau of Indian Affairs handled relations between natives and settlers, as well as what Native American Indians from the past and today have had to say about events. Even today, broken promises obscure whats really going on in Native American Indian communities. Its time that a serious effort be made to rectify the situation, and it starts by realizing that Weve Done Them Wrong. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Indian Education in the American Colonies, 1607-1783 , 2007-07-01 Armed with Bible and primer, missionaries and teachers in colonial America sought, in their words, “to Christianize and civilize the native heathen.” Both the attempts to transform Indians via schooling and the Indians' reaction to such efforts are closely studied for the first time in Indian Education in the American Colonies, 1607–1783. Margaret Connell Szasz’s remarkable synthesis of archival and published materials is a detailed and engaging story told from both Indian and European perspectives. Szasz argues that the most intriguing dimension of colonial Indian education came with the individuals who tried to work across cultures. We learn of the remarkable accomplishments of two Algonquian students at Harvard, of the Creek woman Mary Musgrove who enabled James Oglethorpe and the Georgians to establish peaceful relations with the Creek Nation, and of Algonquian minister Samson Occom, whose intermediary skills led to the founding of Dartmouth College. The story of these individuals and their compatriots plus the numerous experiments in Indian schooling provide a new way of looking at Indian-white relations and colonial Indian education. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: As Long as the Grass Shall Grow and Rivers Flow Clifford E. Trafzer, 2000 Although coverage chronologically spans from prehistory to the present, the emphasis is on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is written in a readable, flowing manner and is deeply rooted in native traditions and lore. The title is a reference to a message sent by President Andrew Jackson to the Choctaws and Chickasaws indicating that, as a friend, he planned to move the people to the Trans-Mississippi West to land of their own, which they shall possess as long as grass grows or water runs. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: This Torrent of Indians Larry E. Ivers, 2016-02-23 “It is likely as fine-grained an account of the actions of the Yamasee War as we are to possess for decades.” —H-Net Reviews The southern frontier could be a cruel and unforgiving place during the early eighteenth century. The British colony of South Carolina was in proximity and traded with several Native American groups. The economic and military relationships between the colonialists and natives were always filled with tension but the Good Friday 1715 uprising surprised Carolinians by its swift brutality. Larry E. Ivers examines the ensuing lengthy war in This Torrent of Indians. Named for the Yamasees because they were the first to strike, the war persisted for thirteen years and powerfully influenced colonial American history. Ivers’s detailed narrative and analyses demonstrates the horror and cruelty of a war of survival. The organization, equipment, and tactics used by South Carolinians and Native Americans were influenced by the differing customs but both sides acted with savage determination to extinguish their foes. Ultimately, it was the individuals behind the tactics that determined the outcomes. Ivers shares stories from both sides of the battlefield—tales of the courageous, faint of heart, inept, and the upstanding. He also includes a detailed account of black and Native American slave soldiers serving with distinction alongside white soldiers in combat. Ivers gives us an original and fresh, ground-level account of that critical period, 1715 to 1728, when the southern frontier was a very dangerous place. “Comprehensive and highly readable . . . This book will be a classic of Southern history.” —Lawrence S. Rowland, Professor Emeritus, University of South Carolina at Beaufort |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: The Indian Slave Trade Alan Gallay, 2008-10-01 This prize-winning book is the first ever to focus on the traffic in Indian slaves in the American South. For decades the Indian slave trade linked southern lives and created a whirlwind of violence and profit-making. Alan Gallay documents in vivid detail the operation of the slave trade, the processes by which Europeans and Native Americans became participants in it, and the profound consequences it had for the South and its peoples. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: First Americans: A History of Native Peoples Kenneth W. Townsend, 2023-07-04 Now in its third edition, First Americans has been fully updated to trace Native Americans' experiences through the 2020 election and the Biden administration, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the crisis of murdered and missing indigenous women. This book provides a comprehensive history of Native Americans from their earliest appearances in North America to the present, highlighting the complexity and diversity of their cultures and experiences. Contrasting the misconception that Native Americans were consistently victims without power, native voices permeate the text and shape its narrative, underlining the vitality of native peoples and cultures in the context of regional, continental, and global developments. The new edition highlights the role of Native Americans as agents of resistance and progress, rooted in the perspective that their activism has been instrumental throughout history and in the present day. To enrich student understanding, the book also includes a variety of pedagogical tools including short biographical profiles, key review questions, a rich series of maps and illustrations, chapter chronologies, a glossary, and recommendations for further reading. Spanning centuries of developments into the present day, First Americans is the approachable, essential student introduction to Native American history. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Native Southerners Gregory D. Smithers, 2019-03-28 Long before the indigenous people of southeastern North America first encountered Europeans and Africans, they established communities with clear social and political hierarchies and rich cultural traditions. Award-winning historian Gregory D. Smithers brings this world to life in Native Southerners, a sweeping narrative of American Indian history in the Southeast from the time before European colonialism to the Trail of Tears and beyond. In the Native South, as in much of North America, storytelling is key to an understanding of origins and tradition—and the stories of the indigenous people of the Southeast are central to Native Southerners. Spanning territory reaching from modern-day Louisiana and Arkansas to the Atlantic coast, and from present-day Tennessee and Kentucky through Florida, this book gives voice to the lived history of such well-known polities as the Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, Chickasaws, and Choctaws, as well as smaller Native communities like the Nottoway, Occaneechi, Haliwa-Saponi, Catawba, Biloxi-Chitimacha, Natchez, Caddo, and many others. From the oral and cultural traditions of these Native peoples, as well as the written archives of European colonists and their Native counterparts, Smithers constructs a vibrant history of the societies, cultures, and peoples that made and remade the Native South in the centuries before the American Civil War. What emerges is a complex picture of how Native Southerners understood themselves and their world—a portrayal linking community and politics, warfare and kinship, migration, adaptation, and ecological stewardship—and how this worldview shaped and was shaped by their experience both before and after the arrival of Europeans. As nuanced in detail as it is sweeping in scope, the narrative Smithers constructs is a testament to the storytelling and the living history that have informed the identities of Native Southerners to our day. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890 Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011-09-19 This encyclopedia provides a broad, in-depth, and multidisciplinary look at the causes and effects of warfare between whites and Native Americans, encompassing nearly three centuries of history. The Battle of the Wabash: the U.S. Army's single worst defeat at the hands of Native American forces. The Battle of Wounded Knee: an unfortunate, unplanned event that resulted in the deaths of more than 150 Lakota Sioux men, women, and children. These and other engagements between white settlers and Native Americans were events of profound historical significance, resulting in social, political, and cultural changes for both ethnic populations, the lasting effects of which are clearly seen today. The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History provides comprehensive coverage of almost 300 years of North American Indian Wars. Beginning with the first Indian-settler conflicts that arose in the early 1600s, this three-volume work covers all noteworthy battles between whites and Native Americans through the Battle of Wounded Knee in December 1890. The book provides detailed biographies of military, social, religious, and political leaders and covers the social and cultural aspects of the Indian wars. Also supplied are essays on every major tribe, as well as all significant battles, skirmishes, and treaties. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: A Concise American History David Brown, Thomas Heinrich, Simon Middleton, Vivien Miller, 2020-10-04 Expertly steering readers through the often tumultuous and exhilarating history of the United States, from its early modern Native American roots to twenty-first-century neoliberalism and the shifting political climate of the past decade, this highly readable textbook provides a compelling overview of American development over the last five centuries. This book avoids either celebratory or condemnatory rhetoric to present a critical examination of domestic America and its interaction with the rest of the world. Balancing coverage of political, social, cultural, and economic history, each chapter also includes a wealth of features to facilitate learning: Timelines situating key events in their wider chronology Lists of topics covered within each chapter for easy reference Concept boxes discussing selected issues in more detail Historiography boxes exploring key debates Chapter summaries offering condensed outlines of the main themes of each chapter Further reading lists guiding readers to additional resources Maps and images bringing to life important events and figures from America’s history Clearly and engagingly written and positioning America’s narrative within the wider global context, this textbook is particularly accessible for non-US students and is the perfect introduction for those new to US history. This textbook is also supported by a companion website offering interactive content including a timeline, multiple-choice quizzes, and links to selected web resources. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Moon Coastal Carolinas Jim Morekis, 2018-02-06 Discover the Carolinas with Moon Travel Guides! Refreshing sea breeze, aquatic adventures, and over 500 miles of scenic coastline: get to know this unique stretch of America with Moon Coastal Carolinas. Inside you'll find: Strategic itineraries for every timeline and budget, from five days on the coast of North or South Carolina to a longer trip combining both, with advice for history buffs, honeymooners, beach bums, families, outdoor adventurers, and more The best beaches for your trip, whether you're looking for scenery, water sports, local character, or solitude Unique activities and can't-miss sights: Tour historic lighthouses, wander the charming streets of Charleston, or see the site of humankind's first flight at Kittyhawk. Explore hundreds of windswept waterways by kayak, try hang-gliding, ride a dune buggy, or go bird-watching and enjoy nature's stillness. Sample the catch of the day (fried, grilled, or boiled!), classic shrimp and grits, and juicy southern barbecue. Tee off at a world-class golf resort, or relax on the beach and breathe in the salty sea air from the comfort of your towel Firsthand perspective from local author and born-and-bred southerner Jim Morekis Honest advice on when to go, where to stay, and how to spend your time Full-color photos and detailed maps for exploring on your own In-depth coverage of The Outer Banks, North Carolina Central Coast, Charleston, Myrtle Beach and the Grand Strand, Wilmington and Cape Fear, South Carolina Low Country Detailed background information on the landscape, culture, history, and environment With Moon Coastal Carolinas' practical tips, myriad activities, and local know-how, you can plan your trip your way. Exploring more of the South? Try Moon Georgia. Making a road trip out of it? Check out Moon Blue Ridge Parkway Road Trip. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: A Native American Encyclopedia Barry Pritzker, 2000 Dispelling myths, answering questions, and stimulating thoughtful avenues for further inquiry, this highly readable reference provides a wealth of specific information about all known North American Indians. Readers will delight in the stirring narratives about everything from notable leaders and relations with non-natives; to customs, dress, dwellings, and weapons; to government and religion. Addressing over 200 groups of Native American groups in Canada and the United States, A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and People is at once exhaustive yet readable, covering myriad aspects of a people spread across ten geographical regions. Listed alphabetically for easy access, each Native American group is presented in careful detail, starting with the tribal name, translation, origin, and definition. Each entry then includes significant facts about the group's location and population, as well as impressive details about the history and culture of the group. Bringing each entry up-to-date, Editor Barry Pritzker also addresses with ease current information on each group's government, economy, legal status, and reservations. Engaging and precise, Pritzker's prose makes this extensive work an enjoyable read. Whether he is giving the court interpretation of the term tribe (Many traditional Native American groups were not tribes at all but more like extended families) or describing how a Shoshone woman served as a guide on the Louis and Clarke expedition, the material is always presented in a clear and lively manner. In light of past and ongoing injustices and the momentum of Indian and Intuit self-determination movements, an understanding of these native cultures as well as their contributions to contemporary society becomes increasingly important. This book provides all the essential information necessary to fully grasp the history, culture, and current feelings surrounding North American Indians. It is not only a compelling resource for students and researchers of Native American studies, anthropology, and history, but an indispensable guide for anyone concerned with the past and present situation of the numerous Native American groups. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Atlas of the North American Indian Carl Waldman, Molly Braun, 2009 Presents an illustrated reference that covers the history, culture and tribal distribution of North American Indians. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: American Indian Wars Michael L. Nunnally, 2015-06-08 On June 3, 1513, ships commanded by Juan Ponce de Leon were attacked by a group of Calusa Indians in one of the first hostile encounters recorded between Europeans and American Indians. Over the next four centuries, fundamental differences would cause these two disparate cultures to clash numerous times with untold loss of life and property. From the 1500s through 1901, this comprehensive reference book details individual armed conflicts between Native Americans and Europeans. Chronologically arranged entries include information such as origin of the European party, Indian tribe involved (if known), location of the skirmish and number of casualties. The establishments of various forts are also given within the chronology. An appendix provides a brief summary of related events after 1901. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: South Carolina Craig A. Doherty, Katherine M. Doherty, 2005 Examines life in the early colony, including such details as the Yamasee War, pirate attacks, slavery, and the effect of such crops as indigo and rice. An entire chapter focuses on the numerous American Indian tribes - mainly the Cherokee and Catawba - who lived throughout the colony, from the coast and lowlands up into the Appalachian Mountains. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Brothers in Liberty Phillip Thomas Tucker, 2023-01-01 After failing to defeat the Continental Army in New England, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania during the first half of the Revolutionary War, British generals decided to turn south, where they believed they could win the war in a region more heavily populated by Loyalists. In late 1778, a British expeditionary force sailed south from New York City and captured Savannah, which became a British base of operations and strategic hinge. To thwart the British, an international force gathered around Savannah, including Americans, Poles, Germans, Irish, and—significantly—a volunteer force of free Blacks from present-day Haiti: the Chasseurs-Volontaires de Saint-Domingue. The Chasseurs constituted the largest Black military unit in the American Revolution. The soldiers were free men, the sons of French fathers, mostly sugar plantation owners, and slave mothers in France’s most prosperous overseas colony. In the fall of 1779, this force joined the attack on the British at Savannah in a series of frontal results. The French and Americans were repulsed at great cost in lives, but the free Black Haitians stood their ground—and, in a moment of high courage that has never received its due, stymied a British counterattack that salvaged the day for the Americans and French. A rock at Savannah on behalf of the American Revolution, many of the Haitian survivors of the battle went on to serve the cause of liberty in the Haitian Revolution and help found the first Black republic in world history. This is their story. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Enslaved Native Americans and the Making of Colonial South Carolina D. Andrew Johnson, 2024-09-17 A compelling study into the history and lasting influence of enslaved Native people in early South Carolina. In 1708, the governor of South Carolina responded to a request from London to describe the population of the colony. This response included an often-overlooked segment of the population: Native Americans, who made up one-fourth of all enslaved people in the colony. Yet it was not long before these descriptions of enslaved Native people all but disappeared from the archive. In Enslaved Native Americans and the Making of Colonial South Carolina, D. Andrew Johnson argues that Native people were crucial to the development of South Carolina's economy and culture. By meticulously scouring documentary sources and creating a database of over 15,000 mentions of enslaved people, Johnson uses a uniquely interdisciplinary approach to reconsider the history of South Carolina and center the enslaved Native people who were forced to live and work on its plantations. Johnson also employs spatial analysis and examines archaeological evidence to study Native slavery in a plantation context. Although much of their impact is absent from the historical record, Native people's influence persisted: in the specific technologies they brought to the plantations where they were enslaved; in the development of Creole culture; and in the wealth and power of the founders and early leaders of the colony. This book is an important corrective to our understanding of the colonization and development of South Carolina. By focusing on the Native minority of the enslaved population, Johnson recasts the colonial history of America, uncovering the importance of enslaved Native people to the colonial project and the complex historical connections between race and slavery. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Creating and Contesting Carolina Michelle LeMaster, Bradford J. Wood, 2013-11-01 The essays in Creating and Contesting Carolina shed new light on how the various peoples of the Carolinas responded to the tumultuous changes shaping the geographic space that the British called Carolina during the Proprietary period (1663-1719). In doing so, the essays focus attention on some of the most important and dramatic watersheds in the history of British colonization in the New World. These years brought challenging and dramatic changes to the region, such as the violent warfare between British and Native Americans or British and Spanish, the no-less dramatic development of the plantation system, and the decline of proprietary authority. All involved contestation, whether through violence or debate. The very idea of a place called Carolina was challenged by Native Americans, and many colonists and metropolitan authorities differed in their visions for Carolina. The stakes were high in these contests because they occurred in an early American world often characterized by brutal warfare, rigid hierarchies, enslavement, cultural dislocation, and transoceanic struggles for power. While Native Americans and colonists shed each other's blood to define the territory on their terms, colonists and officials built their own version of Carolina on paper and in the discourse of early modern empires. But new tensions also provided a powerful incentive for political and economic creativity. The peoples of the early Carolinas reimagined places, reconceptualized cultures, realigned their loyalties, and adapted in a wide variety of ways to the New World. Three major groups of peoples—European colonists, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans—shared these experiences of change in the Carolinas, but their histories have usually been written separately. These disparate but closely related strands of scholarship must be connected to make the early Carolinas intelligible. Creating and Contesting Carolina brings together work relating to all three groups in this unique collection. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Authoritarianism in the American South Robert L. Dipboye, 2024-07-04 The evidence is overwhelming that the protection and expansion of slavery was a primary reason for the secession of the Confederate states and the Civil War that followed. While slavery undoubtedly was important, a more fundamental cause was a belief system held in common among the ruling elite. The antebellum South was not only a slave society but also an authoritarian society, shaped by a view of the world as dangerous/competitive, an us vs. them mentality, a dominance/obedience orientation, and closed-mindedness. The authoritarianism of the founding elites, in combination with the travails they experienced on the Southern frontiers, led to oppression, racism, and corruptions in thinking, emotion, and behavior. It also perpetuated the practice of slavery, sparked the Civil War, and left a difficult legacy. In a unique application of contemporary social psychological theory and research to the interpretation of history, this book traces the evolution of Southern authoritarianism from the founding of Virginia in 1606 to the secession of the Confederate states in 1861. In doing so, it examines how belief systems become embedded in a society, act as both consequences and causes of historical events, and have effects that reverberate far into the future. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: American Indian Wars Justin D. Murphy, 2022-01-11 Providing an indispensable overview of the American Indian Wars, this book focuses on Native American tribes and warriors and their varying responses to the onslaught of European colonists and American settlers in the centuries following contact. This work provides an overview of the Indian Wars from the arrival of Europeans until 1890. The work focuses primarily on Native American tribes and warriors and their role in battles and campaigns against other Native Americans and Europeans/Americans, while also including key European/American leaders and soldiers as well as treaties between Native Americans and Europeans/Americans. The introduction provides a broad overview of the Indian Wars and also considers whether the Indian Wars should be considered genocide. The bibliography focuses on the most important works published on the Indian Wars. Each entry also includes a list of references for readers to consult. The work also includes a collection of primary source documents that span the entire time period. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: The Ethics of Anthropology and Amerindian Research Richard J. Chacon, Rubén G. Mendoza, 2011-12-14 The decision to publish scholarly findings bearing on the question of Amerindian environmental degradation, warfare, and/or violence is one that weighs heavily on anthropologists. This burden stems from the fact that documentation of this may render descendant communities vulnerable to a host of predatory agendas and hostile modern forces. Consequently, some anthropologists and community advocates alike argue that such culturally and socially sensitive, and thereby, politically volatile information regarding Amerindian-induced environmental degradation and warfare should not be reported. This admonition presents a conundrum for anthropologists and other social scientists employed in the academy or who work at the behest of tribal entities. This work documents the various ethical dilemmas that confront anthropologists, and researchers in general, when investigating Amerindian communities. The contributions to this volume explore the ramifications of reporting--and, specifically,--of non-reporting instances of environmental degradation and warfare among Amerindians. Collectively, the contributions in this volume, which extend across the disciplines of archaeology, anthropology, ethnohistory, ethnic studies, philosophy, and medicine, argue that the non-reporting of environmental mismanagement and violence in Amerindian communities generally harms not only the field of anthropology but the Amerindian populations themselves. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Native Americans State by State Rick Sapp, 2018-10-16 Native Americans State by State details the history of the tribes associated with every state of the Union and the provinces of Canada, from past to present. Each state entry contains its own maps and timeline. The 2010 census identified 5.2 million people in the United States as American Indian or Alaskan Natives—less than 2% of the overall population of nearly 309 million. In Canada, the percentage is 4%—1.1 million of a total population of around 34 million. Most of these people live on reservations or in areas set aside for them in the nineteenth century. The numbers are very different from those in the sixteenth century, when European colonists brought disease and a rapacious desire for land and wealth with them from the Old World. While estimates vary considerably, it seems safe to estimate the native population as being at least 10 million. Ravaged by smallpox, chicken pox, measles, and what effectively amounted to genocide, this number had fallen to 600,000 in 1800 and 250,000 in the 1890s. Those who were left often had been moved many miles away from their original tribal lands. Native Americans State by State is a superb reference work that covers the history of the tribes, from earliest times till today, examining the early pre-Columbian civilizations, the movements of the tribes after the arrival of European colonists and their expansion westwards, and the reanimation of Indian culture and political power in recent years. It covers the area from the Canadian Arctic to the Rio Grande—and the wide range of cultural differences and diverse lifestyles that exist. Illustrated with regional maps and a dazzling portfolio of paintings, photographs, and artwork, it provides a dramatic introduction not only to the history of the 400 main tribes, but to the huge range of American Indian material culture. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: The Lives in Objects Jessica Yirush Stern, 2016-12-22 In The Lives in Objects, Jessica Yirush Stern presents a thoroughly researched and engaging study of the deerskin trade in the colonial Southeast, equally attentive to British American and Southeastern Indian cultures of production, distribution, and consumption. Stern upends the long-standing assertion that Native Americans were solely gift givers and the British were modern commercial capitalists. This traditional interpretation casts Native Americans as victims drawn into and made dependent on a transatlantic marketplace. Stern complicates that picture by showing how both the Southeastern Indian and British American actors mixed gift giving and commodity exchange in the deerskin trade, such that Southeastern Indians retained much greater agency as producers and consumers than the standard narrative allows. By tracking the debates about Indian trade regulation, Stern also reveals that the British were often not willing to embrace modern free market values. While she sheds new light on broader issues in native and colonial history, Stern also demonstrates that concepts of labor, commerce, and material culture were inextricably intertwined to present a fresh perspective on trade in the colonial Southeast. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Ways of War Matthew S. Muehlbauer, David J. Ulbrich, 2017-11-06 From the first interactions between European and native peoples to the recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, military issues have always played an important role in American history. Now in its updated second edition, Ways of War comprehensively explains the place of the military within the wider context of the history of the United States, showing its centrality to American culture, economics, and politics. The fifteen chapters provide a complete survey of the American military's evolution that is designed for semester-length courses. Features of the revised and fully-updated second edition include: • Chronological and comprehensive coverage of North American conflicts in the seventeenth century and all wars undertaken by the United States; • New or expanded sections on Non-English Colonization in Northeast North America, the Beaver Wars, Pontiac’s War, causes of the American Revolution, borderlands conflict from 1848 to 1865, causes of the American Civil War, Reconstruction, the Meuse-Argonne Campaign, Barack Obama’s second term as president, the Syrian Civil War, and the rise of the Islamic State; • 50 revised maps, 20 new images, chapter timelines identifying key events, and text boxes providing biographical information and first-person accounts; • A companion website featuring a testbank of essay and multiple choice questions for instructors, as well as student study resources such as an interactive timeline, chapter summaries, annotated further readings, links to online resources, flashcards, and a glossary of key terms. Extensively illustrated and written by experienced instructors, the second edition of Ways of War remains essential reading for all students of American Military History. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Colonial Wars of North America, 1512-1763 (Routledge Revivals) Alan Gallay, 2015-06-11 First published in 1996, this encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference resource that pulls together a vast amount of material on a rich historical era, presenting it in a balanced way that offers hard-to-find facts and detailed information. The volume was the first encyclopedic account of the United States' colonial military experience. It features 650 essays by more than 130 historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, geographers, and other scholarly experts on a variety of topics that cover all of colonial America's diverse peoples. In addition to wars, battles, and treaties, analytical essays explore the diplomatic and military history of over 50 Native American groups, as well as Dutch, English, French, Spanish, and Swiss colonies. It's the first source to consult for the political activities of an Indian nation, the details about the disposition of forces in a battle, or the significance of a fort to its size, location, and strength. In addition to its reference capabilities, the book's detailed material has been, and will continue to be highly useful to students as a supplementary text and as a handy source for reporters and papers. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: The Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775 Spencer C. Tucker, James R. Arnold, Roberta Wiener, 2008-08-13 The only multivolume encyclopedia covering all aspects of North American colonial warfare, with special attention paid to the social, political, cultural, and economic affairs that were affected by the conflicts. Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775: A Political, Social, and Military History is the first multivolume resource on the full range of combat and confrontation in the New World prior to the American Revolution—not just rivalries between European empires but Indian conflicts, slave rebellions, and popular uprisings as well. Organized A–Z, the encyclopedia covers all major wars and conflicts in North America from the late-15th to mid-18th centuries, with discussions of key battles, diplomatic efforts, military technologies, and strategies and tactics. Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775 explores the context for conflict, with essays on competing colonial powers, every major Native American tribe, all important political and military leaders, and a range of social and cultural issues. The insights and information contained here will help anyone understand the genesis of North American culture, the plight of Native Americans after European contact, and the beginnings of the United States of America. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Race in the American South David Brown, 2007-07-12 The issue of race has indelibly shaped the history of the United States. Nowhere has the drama of race relations been more powerfully staged than in the American South. This book charts the turbulent course of southern race relations from the colonial origins of the plantation system to the maturation of slavery in the nineteenth century, through the rise of a new racial order during the Civil War and Reconstruction, to the civil rights revolution of the twentieth century.While the history of race in the southern states has been shaped by a basic struggle between black and white, the authors show how other forces such as class and gender have complicated the colour line. They distinguish clearly between ideas about race, mostly written and disseminated by intellectuals and politicians, and their reception by ordinary southerners, both black and white. As a result, readers are presented with a broad, over-arching view of race in the American South throughout its chequered history.Key Features:*racial issues are the key area of interest for those who study the American South*race is the driving engine of Southern history*unique in its focus on race*broad coverage - origins of the plantation system to the situation in the South today |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Daily Life in the Colonial South John Schlotterbeck, 2013-04-01 This work examines patterns of everyday life in the colonial South from European contact to 1770, documenting how they evolved over time and differences across lines of geography, nationality, ethnicity, religion, race, gender, and class. This work provides the first synthesis of daily life in the colonial South from the time of European arrival to 1770—a period that is often overlooked or treated briefly in most surveys on the history of the South. Daily Life in the Colonial South describes how a diverse mix of people created new patterns of living, behaving, and believing across diverse and changing physical, demographic, economic, and social environments by adapting inherited cultures in new settings. The book emphasizes the everyday experiences of ordinary people from the Chesapeake Bay to the Lower Mississippi River, examining aspects of daily life such as work, families, possessions, food, leisure, bodies, and beliefs. It presents balanced coverage of English, French, Spanish, and Native American settlements, describing the lives of both men and women, and making use of quotes from historical documents. An introductory chapter profiles the colonial South at six periods set 50 years apart between 1500 and 1750, while the conclusion discusses colonial southern identities on the eve of the American Revolution. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Brothers Born of One Mother Michelle LeMaster, 2012-05-08 The arrival of English settlers in the American Southeast in 1670 brought the British and the Native Americans into contact both with foreign peoples and with unfamiliar gender systems. In a region in which the balance of power between multiple players remained uncertain for many decades, British and Native leaders turned to concepts of gender and family to create new diplomatic norms to govern interactions as they sought to construct and maintain working relationships. In Brothers Born of One Mother, Michelle LeMaster addresses the question of how differing cultural attitudes toward gender influenced Anglo-Indian relations in the colonial Southeast. As one of the most fundamental aspects of culture, gender had significant implications for military and diplomatic relations. Understood differently by each side, notions of kinship and proper masculine and feminine behavior wielded during negotiations had the power to either strengthen or disrupt alliances. The collision of different cultural expectations of masculine behavior and men's relationships to and responsibilities for women and children became significant areas of discussion and contention. Native American and British leaders frequently discussed issues of manhood (especially in the context of warfare), the treatment of women and children, and intermarriage. Women themselves could either enhance or upset relations through their active participation in diplomacy, war, and trade. Leaders invoked gendered metaphors and fictive kinship relations in their discussions, and by evaluating their rhetoric, Brothers Born of One Mother investigates the intercultural conversations about gender that shaped Anglo-Indian diplomacy. LeMaster's study contributes importantly to historians’ understanding of the role of cultural differences in intergroup contact and investigates how gender became part of the ideology of European conquest in North America, providing a unique window into the process of colonization in America. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Nutshell History of North Carolina, A Ben Fortson, 2016 From its dubious beginnings as a pirate-filled colony to a popular tourist destination, North Carolina has an amazingly colorful history. Author and illustrator Ben Fortson presents that history in the form of off-the-wall anecdotes, poignant insights and sublimely silly illustrations. Take a hilarious look at Daniel Boone's larger-than-life Carolina personality. Peruse an uproarious account of the Andrew Jackson birthplace controversy or politically astute commentary on the power of tobacco in the state. Fortson takes readers on a side-splitting and educational ride through the annals of Tar Heel State history. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Building the American Republic Harry L. Watson, 2018 Tells the story of United States beginning with the earliest Americans and the arrival of strangers on the eastern shore, then moving through colonial society to the fight for independence and the construction of a federal republic. From there, it explains the renegotiations and refinements that took place as a new nation found its footing, and it traces the actions that eventually rippled into the Civil War. This volume goes beyond famous names and battles to incorporate politics, economics, science, arts, and culture. And it shows that issues that resonate today--immigration, race, labor, gender roles, and the power of technology--have been part of the American fabric since the very beginning. --Adapted from publisher description. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Early American Indian Documents Alden T. Vaughan, 1979 |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Wake of the Lake Monster Dallas Tanner, 2008-02-05 Along the coastal waterways of Georgia's tidal marshes, there lives a monster that makes the Altamaha River its home. Over 20 feet in length, with a snakelike head atop its long neck, the Altamaha-ha has been sighted dozens of times by those who live along its namesake. A pregnant female struggles to return upriver and give birth. She is bound by those who captured her before, and pursued by others who already killed her mate for where she can lead them. A place marked as the abode of dragons by the Tama Indians, it is also the location of a treasure buried in the final days of the Confederacy. Drawn to the river and caught up in events centuries in the making, Ian becomes the unwitting pawn in a quest for world domination. He soon learns of his link to the Altamaha-ha, and that he must save it, if he is to save himself. Aided only by a few colorful locals, McQuade must defeat the enemies of the Foundation, before its technology is turned into a doomsday device. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Lumbee Indian Histories Gerald M. Sider, 1994-06-24 Gerald Sider explores the dynamics of the struggle for racial and ethnic identities in the southern United States, focusing on the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina. He provides a history of American Indian concepts and visions of history and shows how differing interpretations of history cause traditionally oppressed peoples to continue their struggle. |
| both the yamasee and tuscarora native americans: Rethinking the Struggle for Puerto Rican Rights Lorrin R Thomas, Aldo A Lauria Santiago, 2017-09-29 Rethinking the Struggle for Puerto Rican Rights offers a reexamination of the history of Puerto Ricans’ political and social activism in the United States in the twentieth century. Authors Lorrin Thomas and Aldo A. Lauria Santiago survey the ways in which Puerto Ricans worked within the United States to create communities for themselves and their compatriots in times and places where dark-skinned or ‘foreign’ Americans were often unwelcome. The authors argue that the energetic Puerto Rican rights movement which rose to prominence in the late 1960s was built on a foundation of civil rights activism beginning much earlier in the century. The text contextualizes Puerto Rican activism within the broader context of twentieth-century civil rights movements, while emphasizing the characteristics and goals unique to the Puerto Rican experience. Lucid and insightful, Rethinking the Struggle for Puerto Rican Rights provides a much-needed introduction to a lesser-known but critically important social and political movement. |
BOTH Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Apr 3, 2011 · The meaning of BOTH is the one as well as the other. How to use both in a sentence.
BOTH | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
We use both to refer to two things or people together: … When we use both before a determiner (e.g. a/an, the, her, his) + noun, both and both of can be used: … We can use both after a …
BOTH Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Both definition: one and the other; two together.. See examples of BOTH used in a sentence.
BOTH definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
You use both when you are referring to two people or things and saying that something is true about each of them. She cried out in fear and flung both arms up to protect her face. Put both …
Both - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
When you're talking about two things that go together, use the adjective both. If you put on both of your boots, you are wearing the left one and the right one.
Both - definition of both by The Free Dictionary
Define both. both synonyms, both pronunciation, both translation, English dictionary definition of both. the two; not only one: both shows were canceled Not to be confused with: each – every …
both - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 20, 2025 · Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items. Both (the/my) children are such dolls. Which one do you need? ―I need both of them. Abraham …
What does both mean? - Definitions.net
Both refers to the inclusion or combination of two or more separate individuals, elements, or concepts. It indicates the existence or occurrence of two things simultaneously or in …
Both Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Both definition: One and the other; relating to or being two in conjunction.
Both or Boths – Which is Correct? - Two Minute English
Feb 23, 2025 · One common confusion is choosing between “both” and “boths”. This article breaks down their usage, helping you communicate more clearly and effectively. The correct …
BOTH Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Apr 3, 2011 · The meaning of BOTH is the one as well as the other. How to use both in a sentence.
BOTH | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
We use both to refer to two things or people together: … When we use both before a determiner (e.g. a/an, the, her, his) + noun, both and both of can be used: … We can use both after a …
BOTH Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Both definition: one and the other; two together.. See examples of BOTH used in a sentence.
BOTH definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
You use both when you are referring to two people or things and saying that something is true about each of them. She cried out in fear and flung both arms up to protect her face. Put both …
Both - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
When you're talking about two things that go together, use the adjective both. If you put on both of your boots, you are wearing the left one and the right one.
Both - definition of both by The Free Dictionary
Define both. both synonyms, both pronunciation, both translation, English dictionary definition of both. the two; not only one: both shows were canceled Not to be confused with: each – every …
both - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 20, 2025 · Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items. Both (the/my) children are such dolls. Which one do you need? ―I need both of them. Abraham …
What does both mean? - Definitions.net
Both refers to the inclusion or combination of two or more separate individuals, elements, or concepts. It indicates the existence or occurrence of two things simultaneously or in …
Both Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Both definition: One and the other; relating to or being two in conjunction.
Both or Boths – Which is Correct? - Two Minute English
Feb 23, 2025 · One common confusion is choosing between “both” and “boths”. This article breaks down their usage, helping you communicate more clearly and effectively. The correct …
