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| causation of disease: Causation and Disease EVANS, 2012-12-06 In the front material of this book both a foreword and a preface appear. What the content of a preface should be is well understood. It is the author's retrospective account of intent, of the labors to accomplish that intent, and of the content of the book that resulted. What a foreword should be is less obvious. Most properly, it is perhaps the brief testimony of one who knows the accomplishments of the author and the scope of the field and who may direct readers to the book. On some basis, the writer is assumed to have earned the right to undertake such a task. To undertake the writing of a foreword for so considerable a researcher, teacher, and scholar as Alfred Evans can be seen not only as an honor but also as a daunting one. My first thought, in truth, is that this wine needs no blush and that no foreword is needed. As John Rodman Paul Professor of Epidemiology at Yale, Alfred Evans has an established reputation in the field of causality. We have learned from his insights about the evolution of causal thinking as epidemiology passed from the era of the germ theory into that of the search for causes of chronic noncontagious diseases. It was he who drew attention to the effect of specific context in that evolution. |
| causation of disease: The Causation of Disease Harry Campbell, 1889 |
| causation of disease: Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation J. Mark Melhorn, William E. Ackerman, 2008 This book is intended as a guide to help bridge the gap between occupational and non-occupational evidence based causation--Fourni par l'éditeur. |
| causation of disease: The Rise of Causal Concepts of Disease Kay Codell Carter, 2003 Much of contemporary medical theory and practice focuses on the identification of specific causes of disease. However, this has not always been the case: until the early nineteenth century physicians thought of diseases in quite different terms. The modern quest for causes of disease can be seen as a single Lakatosian research programme. One can track the rise and elaboration of this programme by a series of case histories. The success of work on bacterial diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis tends to eclipse the broad context in which those studies were embedded. Yet, in the 1830s, fifty years before Koch's publications on tuberculosis, specific causes were already being identified for several non-bacterial diseases including scabies, muscardine and ringworm. Moreover, by the end of the century, the quest for specific causes had spread well beyond bacterial diseases. The expanding research programme included Freud's early work on psychopathology, the discovery of viruses, the discovery of vitamins, and the recognition of genetic disorders such as Down's syndrome. Existing historical discussions of research in these areas, for example, histories of work on the deficiencies diseases, take the view that success in bacteriology was a positive obstacle to the identification of causes for other kinds of diseases. Treating the quest for causes as a single coherent research programme provides a better understanding of the disease concepts that characterise the last 150 years of medical thought. |
| causation of disease: Foundations of Epidemiology Marit L. Bovbjerg, 2020-10 Foundations of Epidemiology is an open access, introductory epidemiology text intended for students and practitioners in public or allied health fields. It covers epidemiologic thinking, causality, incidence and prevalence, public health surveillance, epidemiologic study designs and why we care about which one is used, measures of association, random error and bias, confounding and effect modification, and screening. Concepts are illustrated with numerous examples drawn from contemporary and historical public health issues. |
| causation of disease: Concepts of Epidemiology Raj S. Bhopal, 2016-09-08 Epidemiology is a population science that underpins health improvement and health care, by exploring and establishing the pattern, frequency, trends, and causes of a disease. Concepts of Epidemiology comprehensively describes the application of core epidemiological concepts and principles to readers interested in population health research, policy making, health service planning, health promotion, and clinical care. The book provides an overview of study designs and practical framework for the epidemiological analyses of diseases, including accounting for error and bias within studies. It discusses the ways in which epidemiological data are presented, explains the distinction between association and causation, as well as relative and absolute risks, and considers the theoretical and ethical basis of epidemiology both in the past and the future. This new edition places even greater emphasis on interactive learning. Each chapter includes learning objectives, theoretical and numerical exercises, questions and answers, a summary of the key points, and exemplar panels to illustrate the concepts and methods under consideration. Written in an accessible and engaging style, with a specialized glossary to explain and define technical terminology, Concepts of Epidemiology is ideal for postgraduate students in epidemiology, public health, and health policy. It is also perfect for clinicians, undergraduate students and researchers in medicine, nursing and other health disciplines who wish to improve their understanding of fundamental epidemiological concepts. |
| causation of disease: Etiological Explanations Olaf Dammann, 2020 Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences. Knowledge about illness causation is needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research is scarce and lacking a convenient summary. This book provides a convenient and accessible distillation of the current status of research into this developing field, and adds a personal, systems-science-based flavour to the discussion about how to identify modifiable causes of illness-- |
| causation of disease: Causation of Disease , 1889 |
| causation of disease: The Causation of Disease Harry Campbell, 1889 |
| causation of disease: A Dictionary of Epidemiology Miquel S. Porta, Sander Greenland, Miguel Hernán, Isabel dos Santos Silva, John M. Last, 2014 This edition is the most updated since its inception, is the essential text for students and professionals working in and around epidemiology or using its methods. It covers subject areas - genetics, clinical epidemiology, public health practice/policy, preventive medicine, health promotion, social sciences and methods for clinical research. |
| causation of disease: Causation of Disease , 1889 |
| causation of disease: Causation in Law and Medicine Danuta Mendelson, 2017-03-02 Causation is an issue that is fundamental in both law and medicine, as well as the interface between the two disciplines. It is vital for the resolution of a great many disputes in court concerning personal injuries, medical negligence, criminal law and coronial issues, as well as in the provision of both diagnoses and treatment in medicine. This book offers a vital analysis of issues such as causation in law and medicine, issues of causal responsibility, agency and harm in criminal law, causation in forensic medicine, scientific and statistical approaches to causation, proof of cause, influence and effect, and causal responsibility in tort law. Including contributions from a number of distinguished doctors, lawyers and scientists, it will be of great interest and value to academics and practitioners alike. |
| causation of disease: Causality, Probability, and Medicine Donald Gillies, 2018-08-15 Why is understanding causation so important in philosophy and the sciences? Should causation be defined in terms of probability? Whilst causation plays a major role in theories and concepts of medicine, little attempt has been made to connect causation and probability with medicine itself. Causality, Probability, and Medicine is one of the first books to apply philosophical reasoning about causality to important topics and debates in medicine. Donald Gillies provides a thorough introduction to and assessment of competing theories of causality in philosophy, including action-related theories, causality and mechanisms, and causality and probability. Throughout the book he applies them to important discoveries and theories within medicine, such as germ theory; tuberculosis and cholera; smoking and heart disease; the first ever randomized controlled trial designed to test the treatment of tuberculosis; the growing area of philosophy of evidence-based medicine; and philosophy of epidemiology. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science and philosophy of medicine, as well as those working in medicine, nursing and related health disciplines where a working knowledge of causality and probability is required. |
| causation of disease: Epidemiology and the People's Health Nancy Krieger, 2011-03-23 This concise, conceptually rich, and accessible book is a rallying cry for a return to the study and discussion of epidemiologic theory: what it is, why it matters, how it has changed over time, and its implications for improving population health and promoting health equity. By tracing its history and contours from ancient societies on through the development of--and debates within--contemporary epidemiology worldwide, Dr. Krieger shows how epidemiologic theory has long shaped epidemiologic practice, knowledge, and the politics of public health. |
| causation of disease: Rethinking Causality, Complexity and Evidence for the Unique Patient Rani Lill Anjum, Samantha Copeland, Elena Rocca, 2020-06-02 This open access book is a unique resource for health professionals who are interested in understanding the philosophical foundations of their daily practice. It provides tools for untangling the motivations and rationality behind the way medicine and healthcare is studied, evaluated and practiced. In particular, it illustrates the impact that thinking about causation, complexity and evidence has on the clinical encounter. The book shows how medicine is grounded in philosophical assumptions that could at least be challenged. By engaging with ideas that have shaped the medical profession, clinicians are empowered to actively take part in setting the premises for their own practice and knowledge development. Written in an engaging and accessible style, with contributions from experienced clinicians, this book presents a new philosophical framework that takes causal complexity, individual variation and medical uniqueness as default expectations for health and illness. |
| causation of disease: The Philosophy of Disease Benjamin Smart, 2016-04-29 Disease is everywhere. Everyone experiences disease, everyone knows somebody who is, or has been diseased, and disease-related stories hit the headlines on a regular basis. Many important issues in the philosophy of disease, however, have received remarkably little attention from philosophical thinkers. This book examines a number of important debates in the philosophy of medicine, including 'what is disease?', and the roles and viability of concepts of causation, in clinical medicine and epidemiology. Where much of the existing literature targets conceptual analyses of health and disease, this book provides the reader with an insight into these debates, and develops plausible alternative accounts. The author explores a range of related subjects, discussing a host of interesting philosophical questions within clinical medicine, pathology and epidemiology. In the second part of the book, the author examines the concepts of causation employed by clinicians and pathologists,how one should classify diseases, and whether the epidemiologist's models for inferring the causes of disease are all they're cracked up to be. |
| causation of disease: Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee on the Development of Guiding Principles for the Inclusion of Chronic Disease Endpoints in Future Dietary Reference Intakes, 2017-12-21 Since 1938 and 1941, nutrient intake recommendations have been issued to the public in Canada and the United States, respectively. Currently defined as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), these values are a set of standards established by consensus committees under the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and used for planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and groups. In 2015, a multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and U.S. government DRI steering committees convened to identify key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish DRI values. Their report, Options for Basing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) on Chronic Disease: Report from a Joint US-/Canadian-Sponsored Working Group, outlined and proposed ways to address conceptual and methodological challenges related to the work of future DRI Committees. This report assesses the options presented in the previous report and determines guiding principles for including chronic disease endpoints for food substances that will be used by future National Academies committees in establishing DRIs. |
| causation of disease: Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials Mark Elwood, 2007-02-22 This book presents a logical system of critical appraisal, to allow readers to evaluate studies and to carry out their own studies more effectively. This system emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. Its great strength is that it is applicable to a wide range of issues, and both to intervention trials and observational studies. This system unifies the often different approaches used in epidemiology, health services research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine, starting from a logical consideration of cause and effect. The author's approach to the issues of study design, selection of subjects, bias, confounding, and the place of statistical methods has been praised for its clarity and interest. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the applications of this logic to evidence-based medicine, knowledge-based health care, and health practice and policy are discussed. Current and often controversial examples are used, including screening for prostate cancer, publication bias in psychiatry, public health issues in developing countries, and conflicts between observational studies and randomized trials. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix. The final chapters give six applications of the critical appraisal of major studies: randomized trials of medical treatment and prevention, a prospective and a retrospective cohort study, a small matched case-control study, and a large case-control study. In these chapters, sections of the original papers are reproduced and the original studies placed in context by a summary of current developments. |
| causation of disease: Basic Epidemiology R. Bonita, R. Beaglehole, Tord Kjellström, World Health Organization, 2006 Basic epidemiology provides an introduction to the core principles and methods of epidemiology, with a special emphasis on public health applications in developing countries. This edition includes chapters on the nature and uses of epidemiology; the epidemiological approach to defining and measuring the occurrence of health-related states in populations; the strengths and limitations of epidemiological study designs; and the role of epidemiology in evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of health care. The book has a particular emphasis on modifiable environmental factors and encourages the application of epidemiology to the prevention of disease and the promotion of health, including environmental and occupational health. |
| causation of disease: Epidemiology Kenneth J. Rothman, 2012-05-25 Across the last forty years, epidemiology has developed into a vibrant scientific discipline that brings together the social and biological sciences, incorporating everything from statistics to the philosophy of science in its aim to study and track the distribution and determinants of health events. A now-classic text, the second edition of this essential introduction to epidemiology presents the core concepts in a unified approach that aims to cut through the fog and elucidate the fundamental concepts. Rather than focusing on formulas or dogma, the book presents basic epidemiologic principles and concepts in a coherent and straightforward exposition. By emphasizing a unifying set of ideas, students will develop a strong foundation for understanding the principles of epidemiologic research. |
| causation of disease: African Indigenous Religions and Disease Causation David Westerlund, 2006 This comparative and historical work provides rich material on religion and disease etiologies among five African peoples (San, Maasai, Sukuma, Kongo and Yoruba) and discusses possible reasons for an important shift from spiritual beings such as deities to living humans like 'witches' as agents of disease. |
| causation of disease: Field Epidemiology Michael B. Gregg, 2002 Field epidemiology involves the application of epidemiologic methods to unexpected health problems when a rapid, on-site investigation is necessary for timely intervention. This well-received text, based on decades of experience at CDC, describes these activities in simple, practical terms. The thoroughly revised Second Edition includes four new chapters on unique aspects of field studies in the workplace, after natural disasters, in preparation for and response to possible bioterrorist attacks, and by state and local health departments. |
| causation of disease: Expert Witnessing Carl Meyer, 2020-08-18 Communication problems between science and the courts are widely deplored and sometimes exploited by a variety of groups. The U.S. Supreme Court has twice tightened the law of evidence to control the flow of information, but amazingly little has been written to analyze the nature of the problem and reduce the barriers. Expert Witnesses: Explaining and Understanding Science results from the first-hand experience of the contributors-who include scientists, expert witnesses, litigators, and a judge-that the cultural and interdisciplinary communications barriers between science and the law can be greatly reduced to everybody's advantage if the parties understand and respect each other's needs and positions. |
| causation of disease: PARKS TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE. K. PARK, 2023 |
| causation of disease: Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health Ann Aschengrau, George R. Seage, 2003 This innovative new text provides a current, comprehensive introduction to principles applied in the practice of epidemiology in public health. It incorporates modern ideas in epidemiological thinking that have been largely omitted in other textbooks, providing an overview that is up-to-date and thorough. This book will familiarize readers with terminology and key concepts in the design, analysis, and interpretation of epidemiological research, giving students the tools they need to critically evaluate scientific literature.[...] It combines theory and practice in presenting traditional and new epidemiologic concepts. Broad in scope, the text opens with five chapters covering the basic epidemiologic concepts and data sources. A major emphasis is placed on study design, with separate chapters devoted to each of the three main analytic designs: experimental, cohort, and case-control studies.[...]. An entire chapter is also devoted to the concept of effect measure modification, an often-neglected topic in introductory textbooks. Up-to-date examples from the epidemiologic literature on diseases of public health importance are provided throughout the book. [Ed.] |
| causation of disease: Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine James F. Jekel, 2007-01-01 You'll find the latest on healthcare policy and financing, infectious diseases, chronic disease, and disease prevention technology. |
| causation of disease: Epidemiology 101 Robert H. Friis, 2017-03-02 . |
| causation of disease: The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease Derek Bolton, Grant Gillett, 2019-03-28 This open access book is a systematic update of the philosophical and scientific foundations of the biopsychosocial model of health, disease and healthcare. First proposed by George Engel 40 years ago, the Biopsychosocial Model is much cited in healthcare settings worldwide, but has been increasingly criticised for being vague, lacking in content, and in need of reworking in the light of recent developments. The book confronts the rapid changes to psychological science, neuroscience, healthcare, and philosophy that have occurred since the model was first proposed and addresses key issues such as the model’s scientific basis, clinical utility, and philosophical coherence. The authors conceptualise biology and the psychosocial as in the same ontological space, interlinked by systems of communication-based regulatory control which constitute a new kind of causation. These are distinguished from physical and chemical laws, most clearly because they can break down, thus providing the basis for difference between health and disease. This work offers an urgent update to the model’s scientific and philosophical foundations, providing a new and coherent account of causal interactions between the biological, the psychological and social. |
| causation of disease: On the Mode of Communication of Cholera John Snow, 1849 |
| causation of disease: Galen: On Diseases and Symptoms Galen, 2006-11-09 Galen's treatises on the classification and causation of diseases and symptoms are an important component of his prodigious oeuvre, forming a bridge between his theoretical works and his practical, clinical writings. As such, they remained an integral component of the medical teaching curriculum well into the second millennium. This edition was originally published in 2006. In these four treatises (only one of which had been previously translated into English), Galen not only provides a framework for the exhaustive classification of diseases and their symptoms as a prelude to his analysis of their causation, but he also attempts to establish precise definitions of all the key terms involved. Unlike other of his works, these treatises are notably moderate in tone, taking into account different views on structure and causation in a relatively even-handed way. Nonetheless, they are a clear statement of the Dogmatic position on the theoretical foundations of medicine in his time. |
| causation of disease: The Causation of Disease Harry Campbell, 2015-08-04 Excerpt from The Causation of Disease: An Exposition of the Ultimate Factors Which Induce It The object of this work is to trace out the ultimate causes of disease - not of particular diseases - but of disease in general. In writing a work of this kind two courses are open to the author. One is to saturate himself with all the available literature on the subject, and, having done so, to connect into an intelligible whole the facts and opinions thus gleaned, adding, amending, and omitting as may seem fit. The other is for him to think the subject out independently from beginning to end, and to draw upon the resources of literature only just so far as apposite matter may chance to present itself in the ordinary course of his reading, or as his line of thought may from time to time suggest some special reference. I have adopted the latter course, not, indeed, from any preconceived plan, but rather from the force of circumstances, which led me in the first instance to think out the subjects here treated of for my own personal benefit. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. |
| causation of disease: Causation in European Tort Law Marta Infantino, Eleni Zervogianni, 2017-12-28 This book takes an original and comparative approach to issues of causation in tort law across many European legal systems. |
| causation of disease: CAUSATION OF DISEASE Harry Campbell, 2016-09-10 |
| causation of disease: Theories of Illness George Peter Murdock, 1980-12-15 An important contribution to medical anthropology, this work defines the principal causes if illness that are reported throughout the world, distinguishing those involving natural causation from the more widely prevalent hypotheses advancing supernatural explanations. |
| causation of disease: Encyclopedia of Epidemiology Sarah Boslaugh, 2007-11-27 Reflecting the interrelationship with diverse fields, topics range from health psychology to health economics, ethics, and biostatistics. Some articles desribe underlying biostatistical concepts-from measures of central tendency, to kappa, to the Pearson correlation coefficient. Others explain public health research design, including community studies, and address the value and limitations of case reports and case series. Of particular note is a decision chart to help in choosing appropriate research designs. Health students and faculty will desire an online version of this gem! —CHOICE Issues of health and disease are central to human life, so an understanding of the science of epidemiology—the study of the patterns of disease and injury in human populations—is relevant to everyone. Many areas of study are directly concerned with epidemiological issues, including medicine and nursing, public policy, health administration, and the social and behavioral sciences. The Encyclopedia of Epidemiology presents state-of-the-art information from the field of epidemiology in a less technical and accessible style and format. With more than 600 entries, no single reference provides as comprehensive a resource in as focused and appropriate manner. The entries cover every major facet of epidemiology, from risk ratios to case-control studies to mediating and moderating variables, and much more. Relevant topics from related fields such as biostatistics and health economics are also included. Key Features Presents a Reader′s Guide to organize entries around themes or specific topics and easily guide users to areas of interest Offers cross-referenced terms, a brief listing of Further Readings, and stable Web site URLs following most entries Provides appendices that include a general bibliography to build on Further Readings, an annotated list of organizations relevant to epidemiology, the standard statistical tables used in epidemiology (t-distribution, F-table, normal [z] distribution, chi-square, etc.), and flow charts to aid researchers in selecting an appropriate study design This resource is a must-have for students, practitioners, researchers, and the informed public who want to know more about health and disease and related topics. |
| causation of disease: Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing Janice L. Hinkle, Kerry H. Cheever, 2018-08-30 Trusted by nursing fraternity for more than 50 years, Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing layers essential patient care information, engaging critical thinking exercises and diverse features to help students learn critical content. The South Asian edition is comprehensively updated to customize and keep pace with South Asia's health care environment by including Indian/Asian epidemiologic data of common diseases and disorders, flowcharts of pathophysiologic processes of various diseases and disorders and psychosocial concepts, which is contemporary to South Asian scenario. Furthermore, essential medical-surgical nursing content and diseases/disorders, which are specific to South Asia, are added to make this textbook most suitable to South Asian learners. |
| causation of disease: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9) Dean T. Jamison, Hellen Gelband, Susan Horton, Prabhat Jha, Charles N. Mock, Rachel Nugent, 2017-12-06 As the culminating volume in the DCP3 series, volume 9 will provide an overview of DCP3 findings and methods, a summary of messages and substantive lessons to be taken from DCP3, and a further discussion of cross-cutting and synthesizing topics across the first eight volumes. The introductory chapters (1-3) in this volume take as their starting point the elements of the Essential Packages presented in the overview chapters of each volume. First, the chapter on intersectoral policy priorities for health includes fiscal and intersectoral policies and assembles a subset of the population policies and applies strict criteria for a low-income setting in order to propose a highest-priority essential package. Second, the chapter on packages of care and delivery platforms for universal health coverage (UHC) includes health sector interventions, primarily clinical and public health services, and uses the same approach to propose a highest priority package of interventions and policies that meet similar criteria, provides cost estimates, and describes a pathway to UHC. |
| causation of disease: Evolution of Infectious Disease Paul W. Ewald, 1994-01-06 Findings from the field of evolutionary biology are yielding dramatic insights for health scientists, especially those involved in the fight against infectious diseases. This book is the first in-depth presentation of these insights. In detailing why the pathogens that cause malaria, smallpox, tuberculosis, and AIDS have their special kinds of deadliness, the book shows how efforts to control virtually all diseases would benefit from a more thorough application of evolutionary principles. When viewed from a Darwinian perspective, a pathogen is not simply a disease-causing agent, it is a self-replicating organism driven by evolutionary pressures to pass on as many copies of itself as possible. In this context, so-called cultural vectors--those aspects of human behavior and the human environment that allow spread of disease from immobilized people--become more important than ever. Interventions to control diseases don't simply hinder their spread but can cause pathogens and the diseases they engender to evolve into more benign forms. In fact, the union of health science with evolutionary biology offers an entirely new dimension to policy making, as the possibility of determining the future course of many diseases becomes a reality. By presenting the first detailed explanation of an evolutionary perspective on infectious disease, the author has achieved a genuine milestone in the synthesis of health science, epidemiology, and evolutionary biology. Written in a clear, accessible style, it is intended for a wide readership among professionals in these fields and general readers interested in science and health. |
| causation of disease: An Introduction to Epidemiology Thomas C. Timmreck, 2002 This text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students can also serve as a reference for epidemiologists working in the field, industrial hygienists, infectious disease nurses, and staff epidemiologists. Coverage progresses from foundations, disease concepts, and epidemiological measures of heal |
| causation of disease: Modern Epidemiology Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, Timothy L. Lash, 2008 The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with sixteen additional contributors, this Third Edition is the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research. The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, such as basic measures of disease frequency and associations, study design, field methods, threats to validity, and assessing precision. It also covers advanced topics in data analysis such as Bayesian analysis, bias analysis, and hierarchical regression. Chapters examine specific areas of research such as disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, and clinical epidemiology. |
CAUSATION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CAUSATION is the act or process of causing. How to use causation in a sentence.
Correlation vs. Causation | Difference, Designs & Examples
Jul 12, 2021 · Correlation means there is a statistical association between variables. Causation means that a change in one variable causes a change in another variable. In research, you …
Causality - Wikipedia
Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is at least …
Causation - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary
May 1, 2016 · Causation is a term used to refer to the relationship between a person’s actions and the result of those actions. In a legal sense, causation is used to connect the dots between a …
Causation | Secondary Keywords: Cause & Effect, Correlation, …
Jun 3, 2025 · causation, Relation that holds between two temporally simultaneous or successive events when the first event (the cause) brings about the other (the effect).
Causation - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Causation. The question, “What is causation?” may sound like a trivial question—it is as sure as common knowledge can ever be that some things cause another, that there are causes and …
Causation in the Law - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Oct 3, 2019 · These three questions—what is the law’s concept of causation and how and why does it differ from the general notion of causation in science and everyday life—are deceptively …
CAUSATION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CAUSATION definition: 1. the process of causing something to happen or exist 2. the process of causing something to…. Learn more.
Principles of Causation - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Jul 27, 2024 · Causation refers to a process wherein an initial or inciting event (exposure) affects the probability of a subsequent or resulting event (outcome) occurring.[1][2] Epidemiologists' …
CAUSATION Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Causation definition: the action of causing or producing.. See examples of CAUSATION used in a sentence.
CAUSATION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CAUSATION is the act or process of causing. How to use causation in a sentence.
Correlation vs. Causation | Difference, Designs & Examples - S…
Jul 12, 2021 · Correlation means there is a statistical association between variables. Causation means that a change in one variable causes a change in another …
Causality - Wikipedia
Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause …
Causation - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary
May 1, 2016 · Causation is a term used to refer to the relationship between a person’s actions and the result of those actions. In a legal sense, causation is used to connect …
Causation | Secondary Keywords: Cause & Effect, Correlation, Causa…
Jun 3, 2025 · causation, Relation that holds between two temporally simultaneous or successive events when the first event (the cause) brings about the other (the effect).
