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| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2016 A. C. Knipe, 2020-04-06 Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2016, the 52nd annual volume in this highly successful and unique series, surveys research on organic reaction mechanisms described in the available literature dated 2016. The following classes of organic reaction mechanisms are comprehensively reviewed: Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones and their Derivatives Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric, and Sulfonic Acids and their Derivatives Oxidation and Reduction Carbenes and Nitrenes Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Carbocations Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Carbanions and Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution Elimination Reactions Polar Addition Reactions Cycloaddition Reactions Molecular Rearrangements |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic reactive intermediates Samuel McManus, 2012-12-02 Organic Chemistry: A Series of Monographs, Volume 26: Organic Reactive Intermediates focuses on the study of reactive intermediates. This book discusses the methods of formation and investigation, factors affecting the stability, and reactions of the intermediate. Other topics include the formation and reaction of free radicals; kinetic aspects of free-radical chain reactions; electronic states and structures of carbenes; and formation of transient carbenes and carbenoids in solution. The intermediacy of nitrenes in reactions; electronic structure and spectra; methods of investigating carbonium ions; and reactions of carbonium ions are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the preparation of carbanions; factors affecting the stability of carbanions; reactions involving radical ions; and methods of investigating arynes. This volume serves as a textbook for the first graduate-level course, as well as a reference for industrial chemists interested in organic reaction mechanisms. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Reactive Intermediates in Organic Chemistry Maya Shankar Singh, 2014-01-22 Most reactions in organic chemistry do not proceed in a single step but rather take several steps to yield the desired product. In the course of these multi-step reaction sequences, short-lived intermediates can be generated that quickly convert into other intermediates, reactants, products or side products. As these intermediates are highly reactive, they cannot usually be isolated, but their existence and structure can be proved by theoretical and experimental methods. Using the information obtained, researchers can better understand the underlying reaction mechanism of a certain organic transformation and thus develop novel strategies for efficient organic synthesis. The chapters are clearly structured and are arranged according to the type of intermediate, providing information on the formation, characterization, stereochemistry, stability, and reactivity of the intermediates. Additionally, representative examples and a problem section with different levels of difficulty are included for self-testing the newly acquired knowledge. By providing a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts, this is a musthave reference for PhD and Master Students in organic chemistry, as well as a valuable source of information for chemists in academia and industry working in the field. It is also ideal as primary or supplementary reading for courses on organic chemistry, physical organic chemistry or analytical chemistry. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Carbenes Nitrenes and Arynes Thomas Lonsdale Gilchrist, 1966 |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Carbenes, Nitrenes and Arynes Thomas Lonsdale Gilchrist, Charles Wayne Rees, 1969 |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Writing Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry Audrey Miller, Philippa H. Solomon, 2012-12-02 Presentation is clear and instructive: students will learn to recognize that many of the reactions in organic chemistry are closely related and not independent facts needing unrelated memorization. The book emphasizes that derivation of a mechanism is not a theoretical procedure, but a means of applying knowledge of other similar reactions and reaction conditions to the new reaction. - Brief summaries of required basic knowledge of organic structure, bonding, stereochemistry, resonance, tautomerism, and molecular orbital theory - Definitions of essential terms - Typing and classification of reactions - Hints (rules) for deriving the most likely mechanism for any reaction |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Photochemistry Albert Padwa, 2017-10-02 Organic photochemistry is the science arising from the application of photochemicalmethods to organic chemistry and organic chemical methods to photochemistry. It is aninterdisciplinary frontier.Intense activity in organic photochemistry in the last decade has produced so vast anaccumulation of factual knowledge that chemists in general have viewed it with awe.Even those chemists engaged in the study of organic photochemistry will find the rate ofdevelopment in the field perplexing to a high degree. This series originated to fill theneed for a critical summary of this vigorously expanding field with the purpose ofdrawing together seemingly unrelated facts, summarizing progress, and clarifyingproblems.Volume 11 continues to fulfill the original, essential role of this unique series byproviding a convenient review of the structural aspects of organic photochemistry. Aswith earlier volumes, this new book offers the research findings of distinguishedauthorities. It stresses timely aspects of organic photochemistry-previously scatteredthroughout the large body of literature-for which necessary critical review has beenlacking.This volume of the series emphasizes the mechanistic details of the di-n:-methanerearrangement . .. the synthetic aspects of the oxadi-n:-methane reaction ... thephotochemistry of carbenium ions and related species .. . photoinduced hydrogen atomabstraction by carbonyl compounds ... and matrix photochemistry of nitrenes, carbenes,and excited triplet states. Complete with numerous illustrations and bibliographiccitations of the literature, this book explores these important processes to the advantageof organic chemists, as an aid to research and as a source for supplementary knowledgeon particular topics . |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Heterocycles from Carbenes and Nitrenes Michael P. Doyle, Xinfang Xu, 2023-08-09 This book provides researchers in the fields of organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis with an overview of recent developments in the applications of reactions involving carbene and nitrene intermediates directed to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Multiple pathways through which diverse heterocyclic compounds are accessed occur from a variety of carbene and nitrene precursors through C-H/X-H insertions, cycloadditions, ylide transformations, rearrangements, and cascade reactions. Catalytic processes that form metallo-carbenes and nitrenes offer unparalleled chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities. Insights are provided into the scope of these methodologies and the inherent control of catalyst ligands on reaction selectivities. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: March's Advanced Organic Chemistry Michael B. Smith, Jerry March, 2007-01-29 The Sixth Edition of a classic in organic chemistry continues its tradition of excellence Now in its sixth edition, March's Advanced Organic Chemistry remains the gold standard in organic chemistry. Throughout its six editions, students and chemists from around the world have relied on it as an essential resource for planning and executing synthetic reactions. The Sixth Edition brings the text completely current with the most recent organic reactions. In addition, the references have been updated to enable readers to find the latest primary and review literature with ease. New features include: More than 25,000 references to the literature to facilitate further research Revised mechanisms, where required, that explain concepts in clear modern terms Revisions and updates to each chapter to bring them all fully up to date with the latest reactions and discoveries A revised Appendix B to facilitate correlating chapter sections with synthetic transformations |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Principle in Organic Chemistry Tse-Lok Ho, 2012-12-02 Hard and Soft Acids and Bases Principle in Organic Chemistry deals with various phenomena in organic chemistry that are directly related to or derived from the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) principle. Topics covered range from chemical reactivity to displacement reactions, along with various HSAB principle applications. This text consists of 11 chapters and begins with a historical overview of the HSAB concept, followed by a classification of hard and soft acids and bases and their theoretical descriptions. The reader is methodically introduced to the stability of organic compounds and complexes; displacement reactions of HSAB; and the chemistry of alkenes, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds. The reactivity of organophosphorus and carbonyl compounds; organosulfur compounds and other chalcogenides; and organoboranes is also considered. The book concludes with an evaluation of other applications of the HSAB principle, paying particular attention to solubility and protonation; carbenes and nitrenes; the organic chemistry of group IV elements; and the reactions of organohalides, Grignard, and related agents. This book is intended for senior undergraduates or graduate chemistry majors, as well as organic chemists who are not familiar with the HSAB concept. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry Metin Balcı, 2021-11-23 An accessible and step-by-step exploration of organic reaction mechanisms In Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, eminent researcher Dr. Metin Balci delivers an excellent textbook for understanding organic reaction mechanisms. The book offers a way for undergraduate and graduate students to understand???rather than memorize???the principles of reaction mechanisms. It includes the most important reaction types, including substitution, elimination, addition, pericyclic, and C-C coupling reactions. Each chapter contains problems and accompanying solutions that cover central concepts in organic chemistry. Students will learn to understand the foundational nature of ideas like Lewis acids and bases, electron density, the mesomeric effect, and the inductive effect via the use of detailed examples and an expansive discussion of the concept of hybridization. Along with sections covering aromaticity and the chemistry of intermediates, the book includes: A thorough introduction to basic concepts in organic reactions, including covalent bonding, hybridization, electrophiles and nucleophiles, and inductive and mesomeric effects Comprehensive explorations of nucleophilic substitution reactions, including optical activity and stereochemistry of SN2 reactions Practical discussions of elimination reactions, including halogene elimination and Hofmann elimination In-depth examinations of addition reactions, including the addition of water to alkenes and the epoxidation of alkenes Perfect for students of chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacy, Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers and lecturers in these fields seeking a one-stop resource on organic reaction mechanisms. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Aziridines and Epoxides in Organic Synthesis Andrei K. Yudin, 2006-02-20 Aziridines and epoxides are among the most widely used intermediates in organic synthesis, acting as precursors to complex molecules due to the strains incorporated in their skeletons. Besides their importance as reactive intermediates, many biologically active compounds also contain these three-membered rings. Filling a gap in the literature, this clearly structured book presents the much needed information in a compact and concise way. The renowned editor has succeeded in gathering together excellent authors to cover synthesis, applications, and the biological aspects in equal depth. Divided roughly equally between aziridines and epoxides, the twelve chapters discuss: * Synthesis of aziridines * Nucleophilic ring-opening of aziridines and epoxides * Organic synthesis with aziridine building blocks * Vinyl aziridines in organic synthesis * Diastereoselective aziridination reagents * Synthetic aspects of aziridinomitocene chemistry * Biosynthesis of biologically important aziridines * Organic catalysis of epoxide and aziridine ring formation * Metal-mediated synthesis of epoxides * Asymmetric epoxide ring opening chemistry * Epoxides in complex molecule synthesis * Biological activity of epoxide-containing molecules A high-quality reference manual for academic and industrial chemists alike. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Silvia Diez-Gonzalez, 2016-11-04 In less than 20 years N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become well-established ancillary ligands for the preparation of transition metal-based catalysts. This is mainly due to the fact that NHCs tend to bind strongly to metal centres, avoiding the need of excess ligand in catalytic reactions. Also, NHC‒metal complexes are often insensitive to air and moisture, and have proven remarkably resistant to oxidation. This book showcases the wide variety of applications of NHCs in different chemistry fields beyond being simple phosphine mimics. This second edition has been updated throughout, and now includes a new chapter on NHC‒main group element complexes. It covers the synthesis of NHC ligands and their corresponding metal complexes, as well as their bonding and stereoelectronic properties and applications in catalysis. This is complemented by related topics such as organocatalysis and biologically active complexes. Written for organic and inorganic chemists, this book is ideal for postgraduates, researchers and industrialists. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Rearrangements in Ground and Excited States Paul de Mayo, 2013-10-22 Rearrangement in ground and excited states, Volume 1 covers essays on the rearrangements of carbocations; gas-phase ion rearrangements; and rearrangements of carbenes and nitrenes. The book also includes essays on the free-radical rearrangements; hypothetical biradical pathways in thermal unimolecular rearrangements; and rearrangements in carbanions. Chemists and people involved in the study of rearrangements will find the book invaluable. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry Metin Balcı, 2021-12-01 An accessible and step-by-step exploration of organic reaction mechanisms In Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, eminent researcher Dr. Metin Balci delivers an excellent textbook for understanding organic reaction mechanisms. The book offers a way for undergraduate and graduate students to understand???rather than memorize???the principles of reaction mechanisms. It includes the most important reaction types, including substitution, elimination, addition, pericyclic, and C-C coupling reactions. Each chapter contains problems and accompanying solutions that cover central concepts in organic chemistry. Students will learn to understand the foundational nature of ideas like Lewis acids and bases, electron density, the mesomeric effect, and the inductive effect via the use of detailed examples and an expansive discussion of the concept of hybridization. Along with sections covering aromaticity and the chemistry of intermediates, the book includes: A thorough introduction to basic concepts in organic reactions, including covalent bonding, hybridization, electrophiles and nucleophiles, and inductive and mesomeric effects Comprehensive explorations of nucleophilic substitution reactions, including optical activity and stereochemistry of SN2 reactions Practical discussions of elimination reactions, including halogene elimination and Hofmann elimination In-depth examinations of addition reactions, including the addition of water to alkenes and the epoxidation of alkenes Perfect for students of chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacy, Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers and lecturers in these fields seeking a one-stop resource on organic reaction mechanisms. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 1980 A. C. Knipe, W. E. Watts, 2008-05-27 The only book series to summarize the latest progress on organic reaction mechanisms, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 1980 surveys the development in understanding of the main classes of organic reaction mechanisms reported in the primary scientific literature in 1980. The 16th annual volume in this highly successful series highlights mechanisms of stereo-specific reactions. Reviews are compiled by a team of experienced editors and authors, allowing advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, and chemists to rely on the volume's continuing quality of selection and presentation. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 1974 A. R. Butler, M. J. Perkins, 2008-04-30 The only book series to summarize the latest progress on organic reaction mechanisms, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 1974 surveys the development in understanding of the main classes of organic reaction mechanisms reported in the primary scientific literature in 1974. The 10th annual volume in this highly successful series highlights mechanisms of stereo-specific reactions. Reviews are compiled by a team of experienced editors and authors, allowing advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, and chemists to rely on the volume's continuing quality of selection and presentation. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry Arvi Rauk, 2004-04-07 A practical introduction to orbital interaction theory and its applications in modern organic chemistry Orbital interaction theory is a conceptual construct that lies at the very heart of modern organic chemistry. Comprising a comprehensive set of principles for explaining chemical reactivity, orbital interaction theory originates in a rigorous theory of electronic structure that also provides the basis for the powerful computational models and techniques with which chemists seek to describe and exploit the structures and thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of molecules. Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry, Second Edition introduces students to the fascinating world of organic chemistry at the mechanistic level with a thoroughly self-contained, well-integrated exposition of orbital interaction theory and its applications in modern organic chemistry. Professor Rauk reviews the concepts of symmetry and orbital theory, and explains reactivity in common functional groups and reactive intermediates in terms of orbital interaction theory. Aided by numerous examples and worked problems, he guides readers through basic chemistry concepts, such as acid and base strength, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, and thermal stability (in terms of orbital interactions), and describes various computational models for describing those interactions. Updated and expanded, this latest edition of Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry includes a completely new chapter on organometallics, increased coverage of density functional theory, many new application examples, and worked problems. The text is complemented by an interactive computer program that displays orbitals graphically and is available through a link to a Web site. Orbital Interaction Theory of Organic Chemistry, Second Edition is an excellent text for advanced-level undergraduate and graduate students in organic chemistry. It is also a valuable working resource for professional chemists seeking guidance on interpreting the quantitative data produced by modern computational chemists. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Part B: Reactions and Synthesis Francis A. Carey, Richard J. Sundberg, 2013-11-27 |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Surface Modification of Polymers Jean Pinson, Damien Thiry, 2020-02-18 A guide to modifying and functionalizing the surfaces of polymers Surface Modification of Polymers is an essential guide to the myriad methods that can be employed to modify and functionalize the surfaces of polymers. The functionalization of polymer surfaces is often required for applications in sensors, membranes, medicinal devices, and others. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?describe the polymer surface in detail and discuss the internal and external factors that influence surface properties. This comprehensive guide to the most important methods for the introduction of new functionalities is an authoritative resource for everyone working in the field. This book explores many applications, including the plasma polymerization technique, organic surface functionalization by initiated chemical vapor deposition, photoinduced functionalization on polymer surfaces, functionalization of polymers by hydrolysis, aminolysis, reduction, oxidation, surface modification of nanoparticles, and many more. Inside, readers will find information on various applications in the biomedical field, food science, and membrane science. This important book: -Offers a range of polymer functionalization methods for biomedical applications, water filtration membranes, and food science -Contains discussions of the key surface modification methods, including plasma and chemical techniques, as well as applications for nanotechnology, environmental filtration, food science, and biomedicine -Includes contributions from a team of international renowned experts Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, plasma physicists, analytical chemists, surface physicists, and surface chemists, Surface Modification of Polymers offers a comprehensive and application-oriented review of the important functionalization methods with a special focus on biomedical applications, membrane science, and food science. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: March's Advanced Organic Chemistry Michael B. Smith, Jerry March, 2001-01-11 This updated version of this text contains all the reactions, mechanisms, and structures of organic compounds that are key to understanding life processes. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Advanced Organic Chemistry Francis Carey, 2012-12-06 |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Chemistry Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, 2012-03-15 A first- and second-year undergraduate organic chemistry textbook, specifically geared to British and European courses and those offered in better schools in North America, this text emphasises throughout clarity and understanding. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Isonitrile Chemistry Ivar Ugi, 2012-12-02 Organic Chemistry, Volume 20: Isonitrile Chemistry discusses the fundamental aspects of the chemistry of isonitriles. This book provides an introduction to as well as a thorough coverage of isonitrile chemistry. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the general properties and structure of isonitriles. This text then examines the quantitative study of the kinetics of isonitrile rearrangement as well as the principal resonance structure of the isonitrile molecule. Other chapters consider the experimental and theoretical findings on the fall-off behavior of the unimolecular rate constants of different isonitriles with pressure. This book discusses as well the behavior of isonitriles toward a center of low electron density, which is particularly manifested in the reactivity of alkyl and aryl isonitriles toward diborane and alkyl or arylboranes. The final chapter deals with the inorganic coordination chemistry of isonitriles. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 1970 B. Capon, C. W. Rees, 2008-04-30 The only book series to summarize the latest progress on organic reaction mechanisms, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 1970 surveys the development in understanding of the main classes of organic reaction mechanisms reported in the primary scientific literature in 1970. The 6th annual volume in this highly successful series highlights mechanisms of stereo-specific reactions. Reviews are compiled by a team of experienced editors and authors, allowing advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, and chemists to rely on the volume's continuing quality of selection and presentation. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Contemporary Carbene Chemistry Robert A. Moss, Michael P. Doyle, 2013-10-17 Presents the most innovative results in carbene chemistry, setting the foundation for new discoveries and applications The discovery of stable carbenes has reinvigorated carbene chemistry research, with investigators seeking to develop carbenes into new useful catalysts and ligands. Presenting the most innovative and promising areas of carbene research over the past decade, this book explores newly discovered structural, catalytic, and organometallic aspects of carbene chemistry, with an emphasis on new and emerging synthetic applications. Contemporary Carbene Chemistry features contributions from an international team of pioneering carbene chemistry researchers. Collectively, these authors have highlighted the most interesting and promising areas of investigation in the field. The book is divided into two parts: Part 1, Properties and Reactions of Carbenes, explores new findings on carbene stability, acid-base behavior, and catalysis. Carbenic structure and reactivity are examined in chapters dedicated to stable carbenes, carbodicarbenes, carbenes as guests in supramolecular hosts, tunneling in carbene and oxacarbene reactions, and ultrafast kinetics of carbenes and their excited state precursors. Theoretical concerns are addressed in chapters on computational methods and dynamics applied to carbene reactions. Part 2, Metal Carbenes, is dedicated to the synthetic dimensions of carbenes, particularly the reactions and catalytic properties of metal carbenes. The authors discuss lithium, rhodium, ruthenium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and gold. All the chapters conclude with a summary of the current situation, new challenges on the horizon, and promising new research directions. A list of key reviews and suggestions for further reading also accompanies every chapter. Each volume of the Wiley Series on Reactive Intermediates in Chemistry and Biology focuses on a specific reactive intermediate, offering a broad range of perspectives from leading experts that sets the stage for new applications and further discoveries. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Advanced Organic Chemistry Francis A. Carey, Richard J. Sundberg, 2012-12-06 The main theme of Part B is the description of synthetically useful reactions and the illustration of their application. We have attempted to update the material to reflect the most important advances in synthetic methodology. Because of the extensive developments in the use of organic derivatives of transition metals, as well as of silicon and tin, we have separated the organometallic material into three chapters. Chapter 7 emphasizes organolithium and organomagnesium chemistry and also considers the group lIB metals. Transition metal chemistry is discussed in Chapter 8, with emphasis on copper and palladium intermediates. In Chapter 9, the carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions of organoboranes, silanes, and stannanes are discussed. The increased importance of free-radical reactions in synthesis has led to the incorporation of a section on radical reactions into Chapter 10, in which carbocations, carbenes, and nitrenes are also discussed. Certainly a major advance in synthetic chemistry during the 1980s was the development of methods for enantioselective synthesis. We have increased the level of attention to stereochemistry in the discussion of many reactions. In areas in which new stereoselective methods have been well developed, such as in aldol condensa tions, hydroboration, catalytic reduction, and epoxidation, we discuss these methods. The final chapter discusses some of the general issues which must be addressed in multistep synthesis and provides some illustrative syntheses which can provide the basis for more detailed study of this aspect of synthetic chemistry. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: March's Advanced Organic Chemistry Michael B. Smith, 2020-02-19 The completely revised and updated, definitive resource for students and professionals in organic chemistry The revised and updated 8th edition of March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure explains the theories of organic chemistry with examples and reactions. This book is the most comprehensive resource about organic chemistry available. Readers are guided on the planning and execution of multi-step synthetic reactions, with detailed descriptions of all the reactions The opening chapters of March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition deal with the structure of organic compounds and discuss important organic chemistry bonds, fundamental principles of conformation, and stereochemistry of organic molecules, and reactive intermediates in organic chemistry. Further coverage concerns general principles of mechanism in organic chemistry, including acids and bases, photochemistry, sonochemistry and microwave irradiation. The relationship between structure and reactivity is also covered. The final chapters cover the nature and scope of organic reactions and their mechanisms. This edition: Provides revised examples and citations that reflect advances in areas of organic chemistry published between 2011 and 2017 Includes appendices on the literature of organic chemistry and the classification of reactions according to the compounds prepared Instructs the reader on preparing and conducting multi-step synthetic reactions, and provides complete descriptions of each reaction The 8th edition of March's Advanced Organic Chemistry proves once again that it is a must-have desktop reference and textbook for every student and professional working in organic chemistry or related fields. Winner of the Textbook & Acadmic Authors Association 2021 McGuffey Longevity Award. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 1968 B. Capon, C. W. Rees, 2008-04-30 The only book series to summarize the latest progress on organic reaction mechanisms, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 1968 surveys the development in understanding of the main classes of organic reaction mechanisms reported in the primary scientific literature in 1968. The 4th annual volume in this highly successful series highlights mechanisms of stereo-specific reactions. Reviews are compiled by a team of experienced editors and authors, allowing advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, and chemists to rely on the volume's continuing quality of selection and presentation. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Synthesis Steven P. Nolan, 2006-10-27 This first handbook to focus solely on the application of N-heterocyclic carbenes in synthesis covers metathesis, organocatalysis, oxidation and asymmetric reactions, along with experimental procedures. Written by leading international experts this is a valuable and practical source for every organic chemist. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Reactive Intermediate Chemistry Robert A. Moss, Matthew S. Platz, Maitland Jones, Jr., 2004-01-07 Reactive Intermediate Chemistry presents a detailed and timely examination of key intermediates central to the mechanisms of numerous organic chemical transformations. Spectroscopy, kinetics, and computational studies are integrated in chapters dealing with the chemistry of carbocations, carbanions, radicals, radical ions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes, nitrenium ions, diradicals, etc. Nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond kinetic realms are explored, and applications of current dynamics and electronic structure calculations are examined. Reactive Intermediate Chemistry provides a deeper understanding of contemporary physical organic chemistry, and will assist chemists in the design of new reactions for the efficient synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and agricultural products. Among its features, this authoritative volume is: Edited and authored by world-renowned leaders in physical organic chemistry. Ideal for use as a primary or supplemental graduate textbook for courses in mechanistic organic chemistry or physical chemistry. Enhanced by supplemental reading lists and summary overviews in each chapter. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Basics of Organic Chemistry: A Textbook for Undergraduate Students Anshul Bansal, 2024-08-28 Basics of Organic Chemistry: A Textbook for Undergraduate Students is an essential guide for students who are learning organic chemistry. The book provides a clear and thorough introduction to fundamental concepts, beginning with the topic of structure and bonding, which lays the foundation by exploring atomic structure, hybridization, and chemical bonds. The second chapter on reaction mechanisms breaks down the processes and factors influencing chemical reactions. The next chapter introduces readers to reactive Intermediates including transient species like carbocations and free radicals, while the final two chapters on Stereochemistry and organic compounds examine the spatial arrangement of atoms and its impact on chemical properties. Key features - Clear explanations with detailed illustrations and structured chapters - Real-world examples to connect theory with practice - End-of-chapter exercises for self-assessment - Bibliography for further reading Designed for undergraduate students of chemistry and allied subjects, this textbook is a valuable resource for advanced studies, in organic chemistry, exam preparation, and laboratory work. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Chemistry Pierre Vogel, Kendall N. Houk, 2019-10-07 Provides the background, tools, and models required to understand organic synthesis and plan chemical reactions more efficiently Knowledge of physical chemistry is essential for achieving successful chemical reactions in organic chemistry. Chemists must be competent in a range of areas to understand organic synthesis. Organic Chemistry provides the methods, models, and tools necessary to fully comprehend organic reactions. Written by two internationally recognized experts in the field, this much-needed textbook fills a gap in current literature on physical organic chemistry. Rigorous yet straightforward chapters first examine chemical equilibria, thermodynamics, reaction rates and mechanisms, and molecular orbital theory, providing readers with a strong foundation in physical organic chemistry. Subsequent chapters demonstrate various reactions involving organic, organometallic, and biochemical reactants and catalysts. Throughout the text, numerous questions and exercises, over 800 in total, help readers strengthen their comprehension of the subject and highlight key points of learning. The companion Organic Chemistry Workbook contains complete references and answers to every question in this text. A much-needed resource for students and working chemists alike, this text: -Presents models that establish if a reaction is possible, estimate how long it will take, and determine its properties -Describes reactions with broad practical value in synthesis and biology, such as C-C-coupling reactions, pericyclic reactions, and catalytic reactions -Enables readers to plan chemical reactions more efficiently -Features clear illustrations, figures, and tables -With a Foreword by Nobel Prize Laureate Robert H. Grubbs Organic Chemistry: Theory, Reactivity, and Mechanisms in Modern Synthesis is an ideal textbook for students and instructors of chemistry, and a valuable work of reference for organic chemists, physical chemists, and chemical engineers. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Chemical Triggering Gebran J. Sabongi, 2012-12-06 Chemical reactions which can, on demand, be switched on and off are valuable for industrial applications. In order to make the best use ofthese reactions, it is essential to have them readily available for a research chemist. The chemical literature, in general, has not yet identified or grouped such reactions. However, their existence is relatively abundant. This book is meant as a survey ofthose reactions which have potential utility in industrially useful processes. These reactions are grouped under the title ofchemical release reactions which can be triggered by heat, light, electric current, etc., to release a specific compound from, or change in the physical or chemical properties of, a unimolecular reactant. The book is divided into chapters covering ways to trigger the release of certain chemicals. Each chapter is further divided into sections, each beginning with a brief introduction ofanalogies ofthe discussed reactions and of how they were used in reported industrial processes. This survey is not meant to be absolute or exhaustive but rather to be directive, to be as complete as possible, and to provide food for further thought. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals Roderick Bates, 2012-04-30 Transition metals open up new opportunities for synthesis, because their means of bonding and their reaction mechanisms differ from those of the elements of the s and p blocks. In the last two decades the subject has mushroomed - established reactions are seeing both technical improvements and increasing numbers of applications, and new reactions are being developed. The practicality of the subject is demonstrated by the large number of publications coming from the process development laboratories of pharmaceutical companies, and its importance is underlined by the fact that three Nobel prizes have been awarded for discoveries in this field in the 21st Century already. Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals, 2nd Edition considers the ways in which transition metals, as catalysts and reagents, can be used in organic synthesis, both for pharmaceutical compounds and for natural products. It concentrates on the bond-forming reactions that set transition metal chemistry apart from classical organic chemistry. Each chapter is extensively referenced and provides a convenient point of entry to the research literature. Topics covered include: introduction to transition metals in organic synthesis coupling reactions C-H activation carbonylative coupling reactions alkene and alkyne insertion reactions electrophilic alkene and alkyne complexes reactions of alkyne complexes carbene complexes h3- or p-allyl -allyl complexes diene, dienyl and arene complexes cycloaddition and cycloisomerisation reactions For this second edition the text has been extensively revised and expanded to reflect the significant improvements and advances in the field since the first edition, as well as the large number of new transition metal-catalysed processes that have come to prominence in the last 10 years – for example the extraordinary progress in coupling reactions using 'designer' ligands, catalysis using gold complexes, new opportunities arising from metathesis chemistry, and C-H activation – without neglecting the well established chemistry of metals such as palladium. Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals, 2nd Edition will find a place on the bookshelves of advanced undergraduates and postgraduates working in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. It is also useful for practising researchers who want to refresh and enhance their knowledge of the field. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 1969 B. Capon, C. W. Rees, 2008-04-30 The only book series to summarize the latest progress on organic reaction mechanisms, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 1969 surveys the development in understanding of the main classes of organic reaction mechanisms reported in the primary scientific literature in 1969. The 5th annual volume in this highly successful series highlights mechanisms of stereo-specific reactions. Reviews are compiled by a team of experienced editors and authors, allowing advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, and chemists to rely on the volume's continuing quality of selection and presentation. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Chemistry Hans Suschitzky, 1978 Annotation. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 1973 Reprint A A. R. Butler, M. J. Perkins, 2008-04-30 The only book series to summarize the latest progress on organic reaction mechanisms, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 1973 surveys the development in understanding of the main classes of organic reaction mechanisms reported in the primary scientific literature in 1973. The 9th annual volume in this highly successful series highlights mechanisms of stereo-specific reactions. Reviews are compiled by a team of experienced editors and authors, allowing advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, and chemists to rely on the volume's continuing quality of selection and presentation. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: Organic Reaction Mechanisms V. K. Ahluwalia, Rakesh Kumar Parashar, 2005 This book, written explicitly for graduate and postgraduate students of chemistry, provides an extensive coverage of various organic reaction and rearrangements with emphasis on there application in synthesis. A summary of oxidation and reduction of organic compounds is given in tabular form (correlation tables) for the convenience of students. The most commonly encountered reaction intermediates are dealt with. Applications of organic reagents illustrated with examples and problems at the end of each chapter will enable students to evaluate their understanding of the topic. |
| carbenes and nitrenes organic chemistry: A Textbook of Organic Chemistry – Volume 1 Mandeep Dalal, 2019-01-01 An advanced-level textbook of organic chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of the four-volume series, entitled “A Textbook of Organic Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV”. CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Nature of Bonding in Organic molecules: Delocalized chemical bonding; Conjugation; Cross conjugation; Resonance; Hyperconjugation; Tautomerism; Aromaticity in benzenoid and nonbenzenoid compounds; Alternant and non-alternant hydrocarbons; Huckel’s rule: Energy level of p-molecular orbitals; Annulenes; Antiaromaticity; Homo-aromaticity; PMO approach; Bonds weaker than covalent; Addition compounds: crown ether complexes and cryptands, inclusion compounds, cyclodextrins; Catenanes and rotaxanes. Chapter 2. Stereochemistry: Chirality; Elements of symmetry; Molecules with more than one chiral centre: diastereomerism; Determination of relative and absolute configuration (octant rule excluded) with special reference to lactic acid, alanine & mandelic acid; Methods of resolution; Optical purity; Prochirality; Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces; Asymmetric synthesis: Cram’s Rule and its modifications, Prelog’s rule; Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes (upto six membered rings); Decalins; Conformations of sugars; Optical activity in absence of chiral carbon (biphenyls, allenes and spiranes); Chirality due to helical shape; Geometrical isomerism in alkenes and oximes; Methods of determining the configuration. Chapter 3. Reaction Mechanism: Structure and Reactivity: Types of mechanisms; Types of reactions; Thermodynamic and kinetic requirements; Kinetic and thermodynamic control; Hammond’s postulate; Curtin-Hammett principle; Potential energy diagrams: Transition states and intermediates; Methods of determining mechanisms; Isotope effects; Hard and soft acids and bases; Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes and nitrenes; Effect of structure on reactivity; The Hammett equation and linear free energy relationship; Substituent and reaction constants; Taft equation. Chapter 4. Carbohydrates: Types of naturally occurring sugars; Deoxy sugars; Amino sugars; Branch chain sugars; General methods of determination of structure and ring size of sugars with particular reference to maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch and cellulose. Chapter 5. Natural and Synthetic Dyes: Various classes of synthetic dyes including heterocyclic dyes; Interaction between dyes and fibers; Structure elucidation of indigo and Alizarin. Chapter 6. Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The SN2, SN1, mixed SN1 and SN2, SNi , SN1’, SN2’, SNi’ and SET mechanisms; The neighbouring group mechanisms; Neighbouring group participation by p and s bonds; Anchimeric assistance; Classical and nonclassical carbocations; Phenonium ions; Common carbocation rearrangements; Applications of NMR spectroscopy in the detection of carbocations; Reactivity- effects of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium; Ambident nucleophiles and regioselectivity; Phase transfer catalysis. Chapter 7. Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution: Bimolecular mechanisms – SE2 and SEi; The SE1 mechanism; Electrophilic substitution accompained by double bond shifts; Effect of substrates, leaving group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity. Chapter 8. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: The arenium ion mechanism; Orientation and reactivity; Energy profile diagrams; The ortho/para ratio; ipso attack; Orientation in other ring systems; Quantitative treatment of reactivity in substrates and electrophiles; Diazonium coupling; Vilsmeir reaction; Gattermann-Koch reaction. Chapter 9. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The ArSN1, ArSN2, benzyne and SRN1 mechanisms; Reactivity – effect of substrate structure, leaving group and attacking nucleophile; The von Richter, Sommelet-Hauser, and Smiles rearrangements. Chapter 10. Elimination Reactions: The E2, E1 and E1cB mechanisms; Orientation of the double bond; Reactivity – effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group and the medium; Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic elimination. Chapter 11. Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds: Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals; Regio–and chemoselectivity: orientation and reactivity; Addition to cyclopropane ring; Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds; Hydrogenation of aromatic rings; Hydroboration; Michael reaction; Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation. Chapter 12. Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds: Mechanism of metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acids, esters and nitriles; Addition of Grignard reagents, organozinc and organolithium reagents to carbonyl and unsaturated carbonyl compounds; Wittig reaction; Mechanism of condensation reactions involving enolates – Aldol, Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions; Hydrolysis of esters and amides; Ammonolysis of esters. |
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