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| benito mussolini personality traits: My Autobiography Benito Mussolini, 2012-04-03 DIVRecollections of the Italian dictator's public and private life — from his early years as an agitator and journalist to the March on Rome and his first years in power. /div |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Doctrine of Fascism Benito Mussolini, 2016-12-08 This is the original Doctrine of Fascism. This doctrine worked as the basis of the Italian Fascist Party and influenced numerous fascist movements and individuals that followed. Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace. It thus repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism - born of a renunciation of the struggle and an act of cowardice in the face of sacrifice. War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have courage to meet it. -Mussolini |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Cult of the Duce Stephen Gundle, Christopher Duggan, Giuliana Pieri, 2015-01-31 The cult of the Duce is the first book to explore systematically the personality cult of the Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, looking in detail at its many manifestations in the visual arts, architecture, political spectacle and the media, and analyses its controversial resonances in the postwar period. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Fall of Mussolini Benito Mussolini, 1975 |
| benito mussolini personality traits: How to Be a Dictator Frank Dikötter, 2022-11-15 From the Samuel Johnson Prize-winning author of China After Mao, a sweeping and timely study of twentieth century dictators and the development of the modern cult of personality. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini and Hitler Christian Goeschel, 2018-09-25 This fresh treatment of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany reveals how the close relationship between Mussolini and Hitler influenced both men. From 1934 until 1944 Mussolini met Hitler numerous times, and the two developed a relationship that deeply affected both countries. While Germany is generally regarded as the senior power, Christian Goeschel demonstrates just how much history has underrepresented Mussolini’s influence on his German ally. A scholar of twentieth-century Germany and Italy, Goeschel revisits all of Mussolini and Hitler’s key meetings to examine how they constructed a powerful image of a strong Fascist-Nazi relationship that still resonates with the general public. His portrait of Mussolini draws on sources ranging beyond political history to reveal a leader who, at times, shaped Hitler’s decisions and was not the gullible buffoon he’s often portrayed as. The first comprehensive study of the Mussolini-Hitler relationship, this book is a must-read for scholars and anyone interested in the history of European fascism, World War II, or political leadership. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini Ray Moseley, 2004 Chronicles the last twenty months of the despot's life, beginning with his July 1943 arrest and overthrow. Rescued by Germans and forced by Hitler to resume the reins of leadership soon thereafter, the tyrant was an utterly miserable figure in the grip of anger, shame and depression. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini's Theatre Patricia Gaborik, 2021-05-06 A vividly written portrait of Benito Mussolini, whose passion for the theatre profoundly shaped his ideology and actions as head of fascist Italy This consistently illuminating book transforms our understanding of fascism as a whole, and will have strong appeal to readers in both theatre studies and modern Italian history. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini Richard J. B. Bosworth, 2014-03-04 In 1945, disguised in German greatcoat and helmet, Mussolini attempted to escape from the advancing Allied armies. Unfortunately for him, the convoy of which he was part was stopped by partisans and his features, made so familiar by Fascist propaganda, gave him away. Within 24 hours he was executed by his captors, joining those he sent early to their graves as an outcome of his tyranny, at least one million people. He was one of the tyrant-killers who so scarred interwar Europe, but we cannot properly understand him or his regime by any simple equation with Hitler or Stalin. Like them, his life began modestly in the provinces; unlike them, he maintained a traditonal male family life, including both wife and mistresses, and sought in his way to be an intellectual. He was cruel (though not the cruellest); his racism existed, but never without the consistency and vigor that would have made him a good recruit for the SS. He sought an empire; but, in the most part, his was of the old-fashioned, costly, nineteenth century variety, not a racial or ideological imperium. And, self-evidently Italian society was not German or Russian: the particular patterns of that society shaped his dictatorship. Bosworth's Mussolini allows us to come closer than ever before to an appreciation of the life and actions of the man and of the political world and society within which he operated. With extraordinary skill and vividness, drawing on a huge range of sources, this biography paints a picture of brutality and failure, yet one tempered with an understanding of Mussolini as a human being, not so different from many of his contemporaries. 'The definitive study of the Italian dictator.' - Library Journal |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Life of Benito Mussolini Margherita Grassini Sarfatti, Margherita Sarfatti, 1925 |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Italian Fascism's Empire Cinema Ruth Ben-Ghiat, 2015-02-11 Ruth Ben-Ghiat provides the first in-depth study of feature and documentary films produced under the auspices of Mussolini’s government that took as their subjects or settings Italy’s African and Balkan colonies. These empire films were Italy's entry into an international market for the exotic. The films engaged its most experienced and cosmopolitan directors (Augusto Genina, Mario Camerini) as well as new filmmakers (Roberto Rossellini) who would make their marks in the postwar years. Ben-Ghiat sees these films as part of the aesthetic development that would lead to neo-realism. Shot in Libya, Somalia, and Ethiopia, these movies reinforced Fascist racial and labor policies and were largely forgotten after the war. Ben-Ghiat restores them to Italian and international film history in this gripping account of empire, war, and the cinema of dictatorship. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Selected Political Addresses of Benito Mussolini: Rhetorical analysis , 1954 |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Personality, Political Leadership, and Decision Making Jean Krasno, Sean LaPides, 2015-07-07 This psychological study dissects the characteristics of 20 world leaders—both men and women—profiling the factors that formed their personalities and revealing how certain traits have shaped their political decisions. Many wonder what it takes to be a leader. Is it a natural or learned set of skills? This book examines the personalities of a selected group of political leaders, analyzes the forces that formed their nature—most notably their leadership tendencies—and then demonstrates how character has shaped important political decisions made during their regime. The authors profile 20 different leaders from across five continents, deriving shared personality traits and defining specific leadership styles based on characteristics and circumstances. The work begins by introducing the field of political psychology and explaining the theoretical framework used in studying the leadership personalities covered in the book. An analysis of leadership across the world considers several types of regimes: authoritarian leaders in non-democratic and democratic societies, authoritarian mixed types, flexible and pragmatic types, and those who combine flexibility with delegation. The text concludes by comparing leaders across time and location, discussing interaction between specific heads of state. Leaders profiled include Nelson Mandela, Kofi Annan, Saddam Hussein, Václav Havel, Angela Merkel, and Emperor Hirohito, among others. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini and the Eclipse of Italian Fascism R. J. B. Bosworth, 2021-03-02 An incisive account of how Mussolini pioneered populism in reaction to Hitler's rise--and thereby reinforced his role as a model for later authoritarian leaders On the tenth anniversary of his rise to power in 1932, Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) seemed to many the good dictator. He was the first totalitarian and the first fascist in modern Europe. But a year later Hitler's entrance onto the political stage signaled a German takeover of the fascist ideology. In this definitive account, eminent historian R.J.B. Bosworth charts Mussolini's leadership in reaction to Hitler. Bosworth shows how Italy's decline in ideological pre-eminence, as well as in military and diplomatic power, led Mussolini to pursue a more populist approach: angry and bellicose words at home, violent aggression abroad, and a more extreme emphasis on charisma. In his embittered efforts to bolster an increasingly hollow and ruthless regime, it was Mussolini, rather than Hitler, who offered the model for all subsequent authoritarians. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Fascism: A Warning Madeleine Albright, 2019-01-29 #1 New York Times Bestseller A personal and urgent examination of Fascism in the twentieth century and how its legacy shapes today’s world, written by one of the most admired public servants in American history, the first woman to serve as U.S. secretary of state A Fascist, observed Madeleine Albright, “is someone who claims to speak for a whole nation or group, is utterly unconcerned with the rights of others, and is willing to use violence and whatever other means are necessary to achieve the goals he or she might have.” The twentieth century was defined by the clash between democracy and Fascism, a struggle that created uncertainty about the survival of human freedom and left millions dead. Given the horrors of that experience, one might expect the world to reject the spiritual successors to Hitler and Mussolini should they arise in our era. Fascism: A Warning is drawn from Madeleine Albright's experiences as a child in war-torn Europe and her distinguished career as a diplomat to question that assumption. Fascism, as she shows, not only endured through the twentieth century but now presents a more virulent threat to peace and justice than at any time since the end of World War II. The momentum toward democracy that swept the world when the Berlin Wall fell has gone into reverse. The United States, which historically championed the free world, is led by a president who exacerbates division and heaps scorn on democratic institutions. In many countries, economic, technological, and cultural factors are weakening the political center and empowering the extremes of right and left. Contemporary leaders such as Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-un are employing many of the tactics used by Fascists in the 1920s and 30s. Fascism: A Warning is a book for our times that is relevant to all times. Written by someone who not only studied history but helped to shape it, this call to arms teaches us the lessons we must understand and the questions we must answer if we are to save ourselves from repeating the tragic errors of the past. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Fascist Directive: Ezra Pound and Italian Cultural Nationalism Catherine E. Paul, 2016-06-21 By bringing Italian primary sources and new approaches to the cultural project of Mussolini’s regime to bear on Ezra Pound’s prose work, this book shows how Pound’s modernism changed as a result of involvement in Italian politics and culture. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Vatican and Mussolini's Italy Lucia Ceci, 2016-10-05 Lucia Ceci reconstructs the relationship between the Catholic Church and Fascism. New sources from the Vatican Archives throw fresh light on individual aspects of this complex relationship: the accession of Mussolini to power, the war in Ethiopia, the racial laws, the comparison between Pius XI and Pius XII. This book offers a comprehensive reconstruction of this encounter, explaining the criteria that led Catholics to support a dictatorial, warmongering and racist regime. In contrast to the traditional periodization, the history begins with the childhood of Mussolini in the final years of the nineteenth century, and ends with the sudden collapse of his puppet regime, in 1945. This means to some extent placing in a different light the exceptional nature of the ventennio. The Italian original L’interesse superiore, Il Vaticano e l’Italia di Mussolini has won the “Friuli Storia” Prize for Studies of Contemporary History. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Fascist Modernities Ruth Ben-Ghiat, 2004-03 This cultural history of Mussolini's dictatorship discusses the meanings of modernity in interwar Italy. The work argues that fascism appealed to many Italian intellectuals as a new model of modernity that would resolve the European crisis as well as long-standing problems of the national past. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Personality and Power Ian Kershaw, 2022-11-15 One of New York Magazine's Most Anticipated Books of the Fall How far can a single leader alter the course of history? From one of the leading historians of twentieth-century Europe and the author of the definitive biography of Hitler, Personality and Power is a masterful reckoning with how character conspired with opportunity to create the modern age’s uniquely devastating despots—and how and why other countries found better paths. The modern era saw the emergence of individuals who had command over a terrifying array of instruments of control, persuasion and death. Whole societies were reshaped and wars were fought, often with a merciless contempt for the most basic norms. At the summit of these societies were leaders whose personalities somehow enabled them to do whatever they wished, regardless of the consequences for others. Ian Kershaw’s new book is a compelling, lucid and challenging attempt to understand these rulers, whether those operating on the widest stage (Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini) or with a more national impact (Tito, Franco). What was it about these leaders, and the times in which they lived, that allowed them such untrammelled and murderous power? And what brought that era to an end? In a contrasting group of profiles—from Churchill to de Gaulle, Adenauer to Gorbachev and Thatcher to Kohl)—Kershaw uses his exceptional skills as an iconic historian to explore how strikingly different figures wielded power. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini 1883-1915 Spencer M. Di Scala, Emilio Gentile, 2016-10-05 This book describes Mussolini’s little-known radical ideology, including his activities in Switzerland, relationship with revolutionary syndicalism, and radical journalism. It provides an in-depth treatment of the young Benito Mussolini as a revolutionary Socialist and describes the political maneuverings that took a major European Socialist party by storm before the First World War. It explains the process of how he came to dominate Italian Socialism until the crisis caused by Italy’s intervention in World War I. It illuminates Mussolini’s leadership qualities and his rise to leader of the Italian Socialist Party. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Benito Mussolini Christopher Hibbert, 1975 |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Philosophy of Fascism Mario Palmieri, 2020-12-09 In Italy, as well as abroad, much has been written about Fascism and its origin; so much indeed that the bibliography of Fascism is richer than that on any related subject. And yet, notwithstanding all which has been written, very few, especially abroad, have understood its essence; and the true spiritual forces which generated it have not always received the right interpretation. This work of Mr. Palmieri on The Philosophy of Fascism fills a greatly felt deficiency of such bibliography with its exposition of the spiritual aspects of Fascism, and is therefore highly appreciated in times like the present, when the desire to know Fascism in its true essence is becoming so thoroughly widespread. The book includes an epilogue by Nick W. Sinan Greger. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Strongmen Ruth Ben-Ghiat, 2020-11-05 'A gripping and illuminating picture of how strongmen have deployed violence, seduction, and corruption' Daniel Ziblatt, co-author of How Democracies Die 'A timely analysis of how a certain kind of charisma delivers political disaster' Timothy Snyder, author of On Tyranny Ours is the age of the strongman. Countries from Russia to India, Turkey to America are ruled by men who combine populist appeal with authoritarian policy. They have reshaped their countries around them, creating cults of personality which earn the loyalty of millions. And they do so by drawing on a playbook of behaviour established by figures such as Benito Mussolini, Muammar Gaddafi and Adolf Hitler. So why - despite the evidence of history - do strongmen still hold such appeal for us? Historian Ruth Ben-Ghiat draws on analysis of everything from gender to corruption and propaganda to explain who these political figures are - and how they manipulate our own history, fears and desires in search of power at any cost. Strongmen is a fierce and perceptive history, and a vital step in understanding how to combat the forces which seek to derail democracy and seize our rights. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mental Maps in the Era of Two World Wars S. Casey, J. Wright, 2008-07-11 This book explores the 'mental maps' of leading political figures of the era of two world wars. Chapters focus on those giants whose ideas cast a compelling shadow: Lloyd George, Lenin, Mussolini, Hitler, Roosevelt, Churchill, Briand and Stresemann, as well as other important figures: Poincaré, Atatuerk, Beneš, Chiang and Mao. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton, 2007-12-18 What is fascism? By focusing on the concrete: what the fascists did, rather than what they said, the esteemed historian Robert O. Paxton answers this question. From the first violent uniformed bands beating up “enemies of the state,” through Mussolini’s rise to power, to Germany’s fascist radicalization in World War II, Paxton shows clearly why fascists came to power in some countries and not others, and explores whether fascism could exist outside the early-twentieth-century European setting in which it emerged. A deeply intelligent and very readable book. . . . Historical analysis at its best. –The Economist The Anatomy of Fascism will have a lasting impact on our understanding of modern European history, just as Paxton’s classic Vichy France redefined our vision of World War II. Based on a lifetime of research, this compelling and important book transforms our knowledge of fascism–“the major political innovation of the twentieth century, and the source of much of its pain.” |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini Martin Clark, 2014-06-06 Benito Mussolini was a brilliant Socialist journalist who in 1914 declared war, put himself at the head if the anti-Socialist movement in Italy, manoeuvred himself into power by 1933 and ruled the country until overthrown in 1943. He was a dynamic but insecure personality, who appeared dictatorial but always had to share power with the military and bureaucratic establishment. Mussolini founded an Empire in Africa and tried to 'make Italians' in his own heroic, war like image, but in fact failed to even control his own family! In June 1940, when France fell, he could not resist joining in the Second World War on the German side, although Italy was not equipped for serious fighting. His rule ended in Military disaster and personal humiliation. This new biography focuses both on Mussolini's personality and on the way he exercised power, and regards these two issues as closely linked. It sees him as a man with all the talents needed to attain power but few of those needed to exercise it well. This book primarily focuses on how Mussolini had absolutely the wrong personality for a successful political leader. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini Nicholas Burgess Farrell, 2003-01-01 Of the four great European dictators of the 20th century, Mussolini remains the least known. 1990s and spent time investigating the forgeries and writing about the resurgence of Mussolini's reputation, 50 years after his death. Farrell shows how Italy was changed very much for the better until Mussolini's final and disastrous decision to join the Axis and support Hitler. Could he have followed Franco's example and stayed on the sidelines? It is one of the questions Farrell examines. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The True Believer Eric Hoffer, 1963 |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism A James Gregor, 2023-11-15 This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Psychology of Revolution Fathali M. Moghaddam, 2024-03-14 Presents a compelling analysis of the psychology of revolution for the first time since 1894. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Benito Mussolini George Raffalovich, 1923 |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Liber Amicorum Judge Mohammed Bedjaoui Emile K. Yakpo, Tahar Boumedra, 1999-05-01 This Liber Amicorum was written by prominent colleagues and friends of the President of the International Court of Justice, Judge Mohammed Bedjaoui, in honour of his 70th birthday and in celebration of a lifelong career devoted to the promotion of international law. The contributors are, each and every one, the most outstanding professors and thinkers in their field, and the range of topics reflects a broad scope of current thought and theory in international law. The book is divided into a general introductory part on the life and times of Judge Bedjaoui, followed by four sections. Section One is on General International Law, featuring a range of articles from environmental treaties to the role of the United Nations. Section Two is devoted to the International Court of Justice and includes analyses of the role and procedure of the ICJ. Section Three contains an interesting selection of articles in the field of Human Rights, from self-determination to the concept of universality. Section Four addresses a miscellanea of international legal questions, especially those related to international organizations. The contributions are in both English and French. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Road to Americanism Dennis Haugh, 2021-07-28 The Road to Americanism offers a profound exploration of America's constitutional foundations, tracing the journey from British colonies to a unified republic. Beginning with the diverse cultural backgrounds of colonial America and their interactions with Native American tribes, the book illuminates how separate colonies with distinct identities converged toward common ideals of liberty and freedom. Author William Vaughn masterfully analyzes the philosophical underpinnings of the American system, distinguishing between republicanism and democracy while revealing how the framers designed a government to resist corruption and tyranny. Through meticulous examination of primary sources and constitutional debates, readers gain insight into the framers' intentions regarding federalism, separation of powers, and the amendment process. The narrative follows key historical figures like Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and George Mason as they navigate the complex tensions between state and federal authority, individual rights and collective governance. Vaughn's analysis extends beyond the Constitutional Convention to explore early legislation, state constitutions, and the evolving nature of American governance. This comprehensive work challenges readers to reconsider fundamental questions about American identity, the nature of constitutional government, and the ongoing struggle to maintain a republic in the face of changing social conditions. With relevance to contemporary political discourse, The Road to Americanism offers both historical insight and practical wisdom for citizens concerned about the future of constitutional governance. If you enjoyed Plain, Honest Men, The Federalist Papers, or America's Constitution: A Biography, you'll love The Road to Americanism: The Constitutional History of the United States. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Baroquemania Laura Moure Cecchini, 2022-01-11 Baroquemania explores the intersections of art, architecture and criticism to show how reimagining the Baroque helped craft a distinctively Italian approach to modern art. Offering a bold reassessment of post-unification visual culture, the book examines a wide variety of media and ideologically charged discourses on the Baroque, both inside and outside the academy. Key episodes in the modern afterlife of the Baroque are addressed, notably the Decadentist interpretation of Gianlorenzo Bernini, the 1911 universal fairs in Turin and Rome, Roberto Longhi’s historically grounded view of Futurism, architectural projects in Fascist Rome and the interwar reception of Adolfo Wildt and Lucio Fontana’s sculpture. Featuring a wealth of visual materials, Baroquemania offers a fresh look at a central aspect of Italy's modern art. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: The Rise of Germany, 1939–1941 James Holland, 2015-10-14 An account of the early years of World War II based on extensive new research: “A genuinely fresh approach . . . exceptional” (The Wall Street Journal). James Holland, one of the leading young historians of World War II, has spent over a decade conducting new research, interviewing survivors, and exploring archives that have never before been so accessible to unearth forgotten memoirs, letters, and official records. In The Rise of Germany 1938–1941, Holland draws on this research to reconsider the strategy, tactics, and economic, political, and social aspects of the war. The Rise of Germany is a masterful book that redefines our understanding of the opening years of World War II. Beginning with the lead-up to the outbreak of war in 1939 and ending in the middle of 1941 on the eve of Operation Barbarossa, the Nazi invasion of Russia, this book is a landmark history of the war on land, in the air, and at sea. “Magnificent.” —Andrew Roberts, New York Times–bestselling author of The Storm of War |
| benito mussolini personality traits: IBIS Phil Schnelten, 2020-08-26 IBIS, a fictional novel based on real events of World War II, features four American GIs. United States Army Corps, Forty-Second Photo Recon. Men wearing plain uniforms, no badge of nation, no name badge, no rank of distinction, and without weapons. As spies, they carry $1,000,000 in cash on each airplane. Now comes Colonel commissioning them for their final assignment to kill Benito Mussolini, the Italian dictator fleeing with all the gold of Italy and a vast amount of Italian art treasure, on a convoy in the Alps...heist. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Government and Politics of Italy Robert Leonardi, 2017-09-12 The political history of Italy has been an undeniably turbulent one. The country's political system has been repeatedly threatened by the historical existence of extremist parties on the left and right, an economy which struggles to adapt, the cleavage between a developed north and an underdeveloped south, the challenge posed by terrorist groups and organized crime, high public debt, and governments that last on average only ten months. Paradoxically, however, Italy continues to muddle through from one political crisis to another with one of the world's highest standards of living and quality of life. What is the secret of Italian politics? |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Mussolini as Revealed in His Political Speeches (November 1914-August 1923) Benito Mussolini, 1923 |
| benito mussolini personality traits: Russian Radical Right in Exile, 1918-1945 Zbyněk Vydra, 2025-06-30 This book examines the development of the Russian radical right in exile between 1918 and 1945. The radical right, which represented one of the most prominent groups of Russian political exiles, both continued its pre-revolutionary activities and at the same time was inspired by new ideologies of the interwar period, primarily fascism. Offering a comprehensive, comparative analysis of the political activities, and political thinking of individual groups of the radical right, this book shows the groups' political connections and radical right activities. Groups included monarchists, new groups founded by the younger generation of political, for example, the so-called Mladorossy (Young Russians), Fascists, Russian military émigrés, and the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. The biographical chapter examines leading ideologist of the monarchist right-wing emigration, philosopher Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin. This book demonstrates that the radical right represented one of the prominent political currents of Russian emigration. This book is especially important in that contemporary right-wing radicalism in Russia draws on the thinking of these right-wing exiles very extensively. It will be of interest to researchers in modern Russian history, Russian emigration, and right-wing radicalism as well as 20th-century history. |
| benito mussolini personality traits: King of the Mountain Arnold M. Ludwig, 2013-07-24 People may choose to ignore their animal heritage by interpreting their behavior as divinely inspired, socially purposeful, or even self-serving, all of which they attribute to being human, but they masticate, fornicate, and procreate, much as chimps and apes do, so they should have little cause to get upset if they learn that they act like other primates when they politically agitate, debate, abdicate, placate, and administrate, too. King of the Mountain presents the startling findings of Arnold M. Ludwig's eighteen-year investigation into why people want to rule. The answer may seem obvious—power, privilege, and perks—but any adequate answer also needs to explain why so many rulers cling to power even when they are miserable, trust nobody, feel besieged, and face almost certain death. Ludwig's results suggest that leaders of nations tend to act remarkably like monkeys and apes in the way they come to power, govern, and rule. Profiling every ruler of a recognized country in the twentieth century—over 1,900 people in all—Ludwig establishes how rulers came to power, how they lost power, the dangers they faced, and the odds of their being assassinated, committing suicide, or dying a natural death. Then, concentrating on a smaller sub-set of 377 rulers for whom more extensive personal information was available, he compares six different kinds of leaders, examining their characteristics, their childhoods, and their mental stability or instability to identify the main predictors of later political success. Ludwig's penetrating observations, though presented in a lighthearted and entertaining way, offer important insight into why humans have engaged in war throughout recorded history as well as suggesting how they might live together in peace. |
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| 우아한 그녀, 감성 오피스룩 베니토
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