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| bogota manual: Advanced Introduction to National Innovation Systems Cristina Chaminade, Bengt-Åke Lundvall, Shagufta Haneef, 2018 Since its emergence in the 1980s the national innovation system (NIS) concept has become widely used by scholars and policymakers alike. In the course of its rapid diffusion it has provoked controversy on fundamental issues. Where did NIS emerge? What is the theoretical core of the concept? Is it actually a scientific concept or simply a buzz-word? How useful is it in terms of low income countries? How does the national innovation system relate to economic, social and environmental sustainable development? Is it meaningful to study national systems in a globalizing economy? What are the legitimate policy implications? This book provides an in depth analysis of all these questions as well as recommending future avenues of research. |
| bogota manual: The Other Latecomers Javier Papa, 2024-10-03 In recent years, developing countries have seen the emergence of successful and innovative firms, albeit often with state support. Argentina, which faces challenges including industrial decline and macroeconomic turbulence, offers an intriguing context for studying latecomer firms, as few have managed to innovate and compete globally without significant state backing. This book examines why and how latecomer firms facing adverse policies and hostile macroeconomic conditions can nevertheless survive, grow, and catch up with global competitors, while many other firms lag or fall further behind. It presents, on one hand, a theoretical framework that builds on contributions made by Gerschenkron (1962) and Hobday (1995) on latecomer catch-up in economic development theory, and on those by Nelson (1991, 2008) on firm-level differences in evolutionary theory; on the other, it provides a contextual framework for the catching-up experiences of firms from East Asia and Latin America, which ends with a description of Argentina’s main detrimental policy regimes over the past 50 years. Further, the book presents an statistical analysis of manufacturing firms’ performance, along with the corporate characteristics that underlie it, within the context of Argentina’s worst economic crisis to determine which firm characteristics stood out during times of crisis (e.g. innovation and organizational capabilities). To supplement the quantitative analysis and offer additional insights, it introduces two in-depth case studies on iconic latecomer firms, TENARIS and IMPSA, which, bolstered by the examination of over nearly half a million newspaper articles, illustrate their global success amidst numerous challenges. It emphasizes the importance of long-term corporate strategy, a flexible organizational structure, and a coherent set of technological and organizational capabilities, while also addressing policy implications, making it a valuable asset for researchers, policymakers, and corporate managers alike. |
| bogota manual: Entrepreneurship and Knowledge Exchange Jay Mitra, John Edmondson, 2015-04-17 Over the last several decades there has been a growing interest in the relationship between entrepreneurship and university-industry collaboration, namely how such cooperation can benefit entrepreneurship development at individual, national, and regional levels. While there are several refereed journal articles on different aspects of university-industry cooperation, most studies dwell primarily on instruments such as spin-offs, incubators and graduate entrepreneurs. This collection offers the first book-length compendium of international comparative perspectives on university-industry cooperation. Entrepreneurship and Knowledge Exchange explores insights from a wide variety of countries of relevance to researchers as well as policy and decision makers, especially those working in developing economies. Seminal contributions from top academics in the field, such as Alan Gibb, Peter Scott, and Mary Walshok, are included. The issues of knowledge transfer, entrepreneurship, and regional/national economic regeneration have inspired countless programs and initiatives at national and regional levels, and the chapters in this book examine these initiatives, providing both a reference work and a record of practical experience. |
| bogota manual: Handbook of the Economics of Innovation Bronwyn H. Hall, Nathan Rosenberg, 2010-03-06 How does technology advance? How can we best assimilate innovation? These questions and others are considered by experts on the theories and applications of technological innovations. Considering subjects as diverse as the diffusion of new technologies and their industrial applications, governmental policies, and manifestations of innovation in our institutions, history, and environment, our contributors map milestones in research and speculate about the roads ahead. Wasteful, inefficient, and frequently wrongheaded, the process of technological changes is here revealed as a describable, scientific force. Two volumes, available separately and as a set. - Expert articles consider the best ways to establish optimal incentives in technological progress - Science and innovation, both their theories and applications, are examined at the intersections of the marketplace, policy, and social welfare - Economists are only part of an audience that includes attorneys, educators, and anyone involved in new technologies |
| bogota manual: Latin America's Middle Class David Stuart Parker, Louise E. Walker, 2013-01-01 Designed for classroom use and nonspecialist readers, this collection brings together some of the most influential texts ever written about Latin America's middle class. |
| bogota manual: Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Geography and Growth Philip McCann, Les Oxley, 2012-10-17 Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Geography and Growth provides a timely, accessible review of our understanding of the complex links between innovation, entrepreneurship, geography and growth. Expert contributions provide a thorough roadmap of the developments in research at the interface of these themes. A timely and accessible review of our understanding of the complex links between innovation, entrepreneurship, geography and growth A highly comprehensive roadmap of the range of issues addressed by research in these areas Discusses the most profitable ways forward for enhancing our understanding of arising issues Contributions from leading experts in the field take a variety of theoretical, empirical and institutional angles |
| bogota manual: What Do Science, Technology, and Innovation Mean from Africa? Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, 2017-06-16 Explorations of science, technology, and innovation in Africa not as the product of “technology transfer” from elsewhere but as the working of African knowledge. In the STI literature, Africa has often been regarded as a recipient of science, technology, and innovation rather than a maker of them. In this book, scholars from a range of disciplines show that STI in Africa is not merely the product of “technology transfer” from elsewhere but the working of African knowledge. Their contributions focus on African ways of looking, meaning-making, and creating. The chapter authors see Africans as intellectual agents whose perspectives constitute authoritative knowledge and whose strategic deployment of both endogenous and inbound things represents an African-centered notion of STI. “Things do not (always) mean the same from everywhere,” observes Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, the volume's editor. Western, colonialist definitions of STI are not universalizable. The contributors discuss topics that include the trivialization of indigenous knowledge under colonialism; the creative labor of chimurenga, the transformation of everyday surroundings into military infrastructure; the role of enslaved Africans in America as innovators and synthesizers; the African ethos of “fixing”; the constitutive appropriation that makes mobile technologies African; and an African innovation strategy that builds on domestic capacities. The contributions describe an Africa that is creative, technological, and scientific, showing that African STI is the latest iteration of a long process of accumulative, multicultural knowledge production. Contributors Geri Augusto, Shadreck Chirikure, Chux Daniels, Ron Eglash, Ellen Foster, Garrick E. Louis, D. A. Masolo, Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, Neda Nazemi, Toluwalogo Odumosu, Katrien Pype, Scott Remer |
| bogota manual: Measuring Creativity: Learning from Innovation Measurement World Intellectual Property Organization, Stéphane Lhuillery, Julio Raffo, Intan Hamdan-Livramento, There is a growing interest in broadening the measurement scope of innovation and considering “creative” activities, meaning that the usual indicators of innovation satisfy neither scholars nor policy makers. Conceptually, there is not much difference between innovative and creative activity: but to what extent are current measures that capture innovation relevant for creativity? Can the new measures for creativity benefit from the experience accumulated through R&D and innovation? Our article provides insights and lessons learned from using measures of innovative activities for scholars who are interested in capturing creative activities. We underscore the difficulties faced when measuring innovation and draw some parallels of these difficulties with the efforts undertaken to measure creativity. |
| bogota manual: World Trade in Commodities United States. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 1948 |
| bogota manual: Bogota manual : standardisation of indicators of technological innovation in Latin American and Caribbean Hernán Jaramillo, Gustavo Lugones, Organisation des Etats américains, Mónica Salazar, 2000 |
| bogota manual: Handbook on Alternative Theories of Innovation Godin, Benoît, Gaglio, Gérald, Vinck, Dominique, 2021-10-12 This insightful Handbook scrutinizes alternative concepts and approaches to the dominant economic or industrial theories of innovation. Providing an assessment of these alternatives, it questions the absence of these neglected types of innovation and suggests diverse theories. |
| bogota manual: Soil Survey J. Alfred Zinck, 1995-01-01 |
| bogota manual: IDRC. , 1980 |
| bogota manual: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Colombia 2015 OECD, 2015-04-27 This review assesses the performance of Colombian agriculture over the last two decades, evaluates Colombian agricultural policy reforms and provides recommendations to address key challenges in the future. |
| bogota manual: Trübner's American and Oriental Literary Record , 1865 A monthly register of the most important works published in North and South America, in India, China, and the British colonies: with occasional notes on German, Dutch, Danish, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian books. |
| bogota manual: Trübner's American and Oriental Literary Record Nicolas Trübner, 1865 |
| bogota manual: Six Month Periodic Report with Respect to Colombia United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton), 2000 |
| bogota manual: Trübner's American and Oriental literary record Trübner and Co, 1865 |
| bogota manual: THE SPIRIT OF INNOVATION FOLORUNSHO MEJABI, 2015-11-10 The secret to exceptional success doesn't lie in natural ability, but in deliberate practice. In fact, research suggests that being world class at anything requires 10,000 hours of practice. It's not just doing the same thing over and over again, however. It should involve pushing yourself to master tasks just slightly beyond your capabilities.Innovation is a new idea, device or process. Innovation can be viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, in articulated needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily available to markets, governments and society. |
| bogota manual: Latin American Economic Outlook 2012 Transforming the State for Development OECD, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, 2012-01-13 Latin America’s solid economic performance since 2003 has created the possibility of transforming the state for development. This year’s Latin American Economic Outlook examines the reform of the state in this context and recommends that Latin American states act now to deliver better services. |
| bogota manual: Innovation, Economic Development and Policy Jan Fagerberg, 2018-04-27 This authoritative and enlightening book focuses on fundamental questions such as what is innovation, who is it relevant for, what are the effects, and what is the role of (innovation) policy in supporting innovation-diffusion? The first two sections present a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on the phenomenon and analyse how this knowledge (and the scholarly community underpinning it) has evolved towards its present state. The third part explores the role of innovation for growth and development, while section four is concerned with the national innovation system and the role of (innovation) policy in influencing its dynamics and responding to the important challenges facing contemporary societies. |
| bogota manual: Systems of Innovation and Development José Eduardo Cassiolato, Helena Maria Martins Lastres, Maria Lucia Maciel, 2003-01-01 This book represents a significant contribution to the debates surrounding globalization and local systems of innovation. The diverse perspectives on global and local processes combined with original insights on developing countries should be of value to scholars and students of economics, social science, political science and business administration. The book should also be of interest to policymakers in governmental and non-governmental bodies, particularly international development agencies. |
| bogota manual: Innovation, Strategy and Risk in Construction Martin Loosemore, 2013-12-04 1. Serendipity and innovation -- 2. The innovation process -- 3. Innovation in construction -- 4. The history and future of innovation in the construction industry -- 5. Strategy and innovation -- 6. Organizing for innovation -- 7. Managing the risks of innovation -- 8. Conclusion : we need a reality-check. |
| bogota manual: Innovation in Developing Countries Nobuaki Matsunaga, 2019-02-06 The main focus of this book is innovation for developing countries: what is the innovation for, what are the current conditions of the innovation, and how to effectively innovate in developing economies. It contains the latest insights and analyses of innovation based on intensive interviews as well as primary and secondary data of manufacturing firms in developing countries, Vietnam and Laos in particular. Innovation requires something new. Integration of deep understanding of innovation and econometric analyses are a “new combination” in this book, which contrasts with other, similar books in the field. This new approach may benefit policy makers as well as scholars and firms in poor countries. The main points of the book are summarized as follows: First, for most poor countries “learning innovation” is considered the key to economic growth rather than “leading-edge innovation”, which is a more popular theme in similar books on innovation. Second, an overwhelming majority of innovations currently used in poor countries are developed in advanced countries, so technology transfer and learning from the latter are a fundamental source of innovation in the former. Third, a surprisingly high rate of firms (around 50%) reported that they introduced new or significantly improved products or processes in poor countries, and this high innovation rate is a great benefit to be enhanced by government policies. Fourth, the common factors driving innovation of manufacturing firms in Vietnam and Laos are (1) human capital, (2) social capital, and (3) innovation in the past. Fifth, the impact of innovation on firm performance is found to be mixed in these countries. Sixth, so far almost all studies on innovation have focused on product or process innovation, but additional light is shed here on organizational innovation. |
| bogota manual: SALUS , 1980 An annotated bibliography with special emphasis on developing countries. |
| bogota manual: Law, Development and Innovation Giuseppe Bellantuono, Fabiano Teodoro Lara, 2015-07-24 This book deals with one strand of the intense debate concerning the links between law and development, namely the coordination of innovation processes and legal change. It analyzes how innovation, and ultimately development, can be fostered or hindered by existing or new legal infrastructures. The book includes eleven original contributions from senior and junior scholars and is divided into two parts, the first focusing on theoretical frameworks and the second presenting several case studies on various institutional aspects. A particular strength of this part is its broad geographical coverage, which encompasses the legal frameworks in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The contributions collected in this book will be of value to a broad readership. Academic scholars will find useful information on lessons learned from reforms implemented in different areas and come to better understand the methodological hurdles involved in reform assessment. Policymakers in national and international organizations can draw on these studies when designing new programs. Lastly, practitioners in developed and developing countries can use these contributions to promote the success of current or new initiatives. |
| bogota manual: Sitte, Hegemann and the Metropolis Charles Bohl, Jean-François Lejeune, 2009-06-02 These essays, from leading names in the field, weave together the parallels and differences between the past and present of civic art. Offering prospects for the first decades of the twenty-first century, the authors open up a broad international dialogue on civic art, which relates historical practice to the contemporary meaning of civic art and its application to community building within today’s multi-cultural modern cities. The volume brings together the rich perspectives on the thought, practice and influence of leading figures from the great era of civic art that began in the nineteenth century and blossomed in the early twentieth century as documented in the works of Werner Hegemann and his contemporaries and considered fundamental to contemporary practice. |
| bogota manual: Business Organization & Entrepreneurship Dr. Aman Gupta, Dr. Ravita Jain, Prof. Jitendra Charan, The most common interpretation of the word business refers to actual business, which can be seen as any endeavour in which a person is engaged. There are two categories of pursuits that can keep a man occupied: economic and non-economic. Work or effort that is geared toward the creation of wealth is what is meant by the term economic activity. To put it another way, the end goal of economic activity is to make a profit. A man's economic activity is referred to as his enterprise. Therefore, the definition of business is the creation or acquisition of products with the intention of reselling them at a profit. In addition, services that are provided to third parties in exchange for money must be considered part of a business. One definition of business describes it as an activity undertaken by a person with the purpose of creating or gaining money by means of the purchase and sale of commodities and services. The terms trade and commerce are included under the umbrella word business. Trade refers to the activity of purchasing and selling different types of things. When conducted within the borders of a nation, a transaction of this nature is referred to as home commerce or domestic trade. When business is conducted between nations that are geographically distinct from one another, it is said to be foreign or international trade. Commerce refers to the various services and establishments that are necessary to facilitate commerce and include warehousing, grading, financing, transporting, and insuring goods. The term industry refers to all of the processes that are responsible for the extraction and manufacture of products that are then marketed for the purpose of either final consumption or future production. Consequently, we may claim that business equals industry, trade, and commerce. At the end of this class, we are going to talk about the many aspects of running a business |
| bogota manual: Cocoa G. A. R. Wood, R. A. Lass, 2008-04-30 The fourth edition of this highly regarded book has been considerably enlarged to cover all aspects of cocoa production. Higher prices for cocoa have led to much new knowledge about the plant and changes to its methods of production. These are discussed, along with new problems that have occurred and the fresh research projects that have been needed. |
| bogota manual: Honorable Lives Victor Uribe-Uran, 2010-11-23 The first work in English to discuss the social and political history of lawyers in a Latin American country, Honorable Lives presents a portrait of lawyers in late colonial and early modern Colombia. Uribe-Uran focuses on the social origins, education, and careers of those qualified to practice law before the highest colonial courts—Audiencias—and the republican courts after the 1820s. In the course of his study, Uribe-Uran answers many questions about this elite group of professionals. What were the social origins and families of lawyers? Their relation to the state? Their participation in political movements and parties, revolutions, civil wars, and other political processes? Their ideas, education, and training? By exploring the lives of lawyers, Uribe-Uran is also able to present a general history of Latin America while examining the key social and political changes and continuities from 1780 to 1850—particularly the elites and state managers.Honorable Lives features three genealogical charts detailing bureaucratic networks established by families of lawyers in different historical periods. The text also contains an abundant series of statistical tables and charts, and concise biographical information on approximately 150 Latin American lawyers. This book will appeal to Latin Americanists, students of law, and anyone interested in the lives and histories of lawyers. |
| bogota manual: Department of State News Letter United States. Department of State, 1961 |
| bogota manual: The Palgrave Biographical Encyclopedia of Psychology in Latin America Ana Maria Jacó-Vilela, Hugo Klappenbach, Rubén Ardila, 2023-05-19 This biographical encyclopedia will provide the first comprehensive reference work on leading scholars and professionals who have contributed to the development and institutionalization of psychology in Latin America. The figures biographed will include scholars who have made a significant theoretical contribution to the discipline, as well as, practitioners and those who have contributed to the institutionalization of psychology, through their work in scientific organisations, professional bodies and publications. All persons included are recognized authorities and either natives of, or long-term residents in the region. It will offer an invaluable reference point, in particular for scholars of the history of psychology, Latin American studies, the history of science, and global psychology; as well as for historians, psychologists and social scientists seeking international perspectives on the development of the discipline. |
| bogota manual: National Union Catalog , 1982 Includes entries for maps and atlases. |
| bogota manual: Environmental Crime in Latin America David Rodríguez Goyes, Hanneke Mol, Avi Brisman, Nigel South, 2017-09-22 This book is the first green criminology text to focus specifically on Latin America. Green criminology has always adopted a broad horizon and explicitly emphasised that environmental crimes and harms affect countries and cultures around the world. The chapters collected here illuminate and describe the “theft of nature” and the “poisoning of the land” in Latin America through and from processes of agro-industry expansion, biopiracy, legal and illegal trafficking of free-born non-human animals, and mining. An interdisciplinary study, this collection draws on research from a wide range of international experts on not only green criminology, but also social justice, political ecology and sociology. An engaging and thought-provoking work, this book will be an essential text for anyone interested in current issues in environmental crime. |
| bogota manual: Concise Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature Verity Smith, 2014-01-14 The Concise Encyclopedia includes: all entries on topics and countries, cited by many reviewers as being among the best entries in the book; entries on the 50 leading writers in Latin America from colonial times to the present; and detailed articles on some 50 important works in this literature-those who read and studied in the English-speaking world. |
| bogota manual: The First Proofs of the Universal Catalogue of Books on Art: L-Z John Hungerford Pollen (S.J.), 1870 |
| bogota manual: Dare to Invent the Future Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, 2023-11-21 A rallying manifesto for the innovative problem-solving we need to build a better, more verdant, and sustainable planetary existence. Academics are letting Africa down. With all that we know, what do we have to show for it? Whose lives have been changed for the better by it? What have we done for and with our communities lately? In this provocative book—the first in a trilogy—Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga argues that our critical thinkers must become actual thinker-doers. Taking its title from one of Thomas Sankara’s most inspirational speeches, Dare to Invent the Future looks for moments in Africa’s story where precedents of critical thought and knowledge in service of problem-solving are evident to inspire readers to dare to invent such a knowledge system. Mavhunga revisits insights from Edward Wilmot Blyden, Booker T. Washington, Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon, Amílcar Cabral, Julius Nyerere, and Thomas Sankara to illustrate how the academic disciplines have been, and could be, deployed in the service of and through problem-solving, building on what people are doing and know. At its core, he writes, knowledge in the service of and through problem-solving derives from reading the past for new questions, doing due diligence in the present, and contriving an anticipatory approach toward the future. Questioning the fundamental premises of Western and white knowledge production, especially regarding science and technology, Mavhunga proposes in this book refreshingly new approaches to thinking-doing that stem from African realities, in the hopes of inspiring a generation that will run toward, not away from, problems to solve them. |
| bogota manual: Foundational Fictions Doris Sommer, 1991-05-03 National consolidation and romantic novels go hand in hand in Latin America. Foundational Fictions shows how 19th century patriotism and heterosexual passion historically depend on one another to engender productive citizens. |
| bogota manual: Promoting walking and cycling World Health Organization, 2025-05-08 This toolkit presents a compendium of policy options for walking and cycling, highlighting the multiple benefits that promoting and enabling safe walking and cycling for recreation and transport can bring to individuals, communities, the environment, and the economy. It outlines seven strategic policy options for countries to consider implementing that collectively aim to enable safer walking and cycling for people of all ages and abilities, and to support maintaining and/or increasing levels of walking and cycling either for transport or active recreation in countries worldwide. Case studies are included to showcase real-world examples of how these policy options are being successfully put into practice. |
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