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best plumbing books for beginners: Stanley Basic Plumbing Meredith Books, 2002 A basic illustrated guide to plumbing, including information on installing tubs and showers, sinks and toilets, outdoor systems, making repairs, etc. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Residential Construction Academy: Plumbing Michael A Joyce, Ray Holder, 2011-03-25 RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION ACADEMY: PLUMBING, 2E is the ideal book to create a direct link between your students' education/training program and the residential construction industry. The result of a strategic partnership between the National Association of Home Builder's (NAHB) Home Builders Institute and Delmar, Cengage Learning, the Residential Construction Academy Series is the perfect way to learn essential workplace skills for readers new to the building trades. Written in partnership with the Home Builders Institute, and endorsed by NAHB, RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION ACADEMY: PLUMBING, 2E provides a step-by-step approach to residential plumbing installations based on national skill standards. Focusing on Green advancement in the plumbing trades, this book thoroughly explains the process of installing residential plumbing systems by exploring topics such as tools of the trade and proper safety measures and by offering various tips to increase readers' on-the-job productivity. Logically organized to build a foundation of knowledge, this book progresses from the installation of common fixtures to troubleshooting techniques that will aid readers.. An emphasis on creative layout and the importance of understanding code variations will foster readers' understanding of plumbing system installation that is based on typical situations as well as unique jobsite conditions. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Flushed W. Hodding Carter, 2007-05-15 An anecdotal history of plumbing from the Harappan of 3000 B.C. to the modern world is a tribute to such engineering achievements as the lead pipes of the Roman empire, the sewers of London, and Japanese toilets. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing a House Peter Hemp, 1994 Master plumber Peter Hemp explains in step-by-step sequence how to create (for both new and remodeled homes) plumbing systems that function efficiently and withstand the rigors of time. For both homeowners and professionals, he shows how to design, size, and install pipes using a variety of standard materials and tools. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Step by Step Guide Book on Home Plumbing Ray McReynolds, 1975 |
best plumbing books for beginners: Installing & Repairing Plumbing Fixtures Peter Hemp, 1994 Explains installation and repair techniques for sinks, tubs, dishwashers, water heaters, and other plumbing fixtures and appliances, offers tips for choosing materials and parts, and provides solutions for common problems |
best plumbing books for beginners: Black & Decker The Complete Guide to Plumbing Updated 7th Edition Editors of Cool Springs Press, 2019-01-15 BLACK+DECKER The Complete Guide to Plumbing Updated 7th Edition is the most comprehensive, up-to-date book on achievable home plumbing projects for DIYers of all skill levels. From fixing a toilet to installing and plumbing a vanity sink or curbless shower, BLACK+DECKER The Complete Guide to Plumbing Updated 7th Edition has the answer to any home plumbing problem you're likely to have. Packed with clear color photos and easy-to-understand descriptions, the basics of home plumbing systems are clearly explained, and all of the most popular plumbing projects are shown with clear, color step-by-step photos. This new edition has been thoroughly updated to ensure that all information conforms to the most recent codes, including the 2018 Uniform Plumbing Code and the 2018 International Residential Code. Projects include: Plumbing and tiling a curbless shower Installing a jetted spa Replacing a toilet Installing a dishwasher and garbage disposer Repairing faucets Accessibility projects that meet Universal Design standards Flooring Wallcoverings Lighting Ventilation Bathroom cabinetry Get those home projects you've been dreaming about accomplished and done right, with a little help from the experts at BLACK+DECKER. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumber's Handbook Howard C. Massey, 2006 Synopsis: This classic best-seller has been completely re-edited to reflect changes in the current plumbing codes. As per previous issues, it shows how to pass inspection in drainage, vent, and waste piping, septic tanks, water supply, fire protection, and gas piping systems. All tables, standards, and specifications are completely up-to-date with recent plumbing code changes. Covers common layouts for residential work, how to size piping, selecting and hanging fixture, practical recommendations, and trade tips. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing Roy D. Treloar, 2011-12-07 The 4th edition of Plumbing continues to provide the definitive single volume text on plumbing, heating and gas installation work, ideal for students working towards their Diploma in plumbing or NVQ/SVQ at levels 2 and 3. Highly illustrated and easy to read and understand, it tackles plumbing topic by topic, in double page spreads with text, full colour illustrations, and clear photographs, enabling the reader to grasp the essentials quickly and easily. This approach ensures it also provides a concise reference for the trained plumber. Special features include: concise text many clear, full colour illustrations around 140 photographs topics focussed on the needs of NVQ/SVQ levels 2 and 3 additional topics beyond levels 2 and 3 a self-assessment section a problem-solving section This new edition has been thoroughly updated to take account of changes to the Building Regulations, including changes to the following approved documents: Part F: Ventilation; Part G: Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency; Part H: Drainage and waste disposal; Part L: Conservation of fuel and power and Part P: Electrical safety. A significant new section on energy conservation & sustainability has been added, and additional related material introduced where relevant. The extensive coverage with new, full colour illustrations to enhance legibility and understanding, and the emphasis on safety in the work place ensure this remains the definitive single volume for both student and trained plumbers. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Advanced Home Plumbing Cowles Creative Publishing, 1997 A guide to upgrading home plumbing systems for people with intermediate to advanced home-improvement skills and some experience working with plumbing materials; discussing planning, describing and illustrating four demonstration projects, presenting techniques for replacing old plumbing; and showing how to make final connections. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing G. J. Blower, 1984 |
best plumbing books for beginners: The Plumbing Apprentice Handbook Roger Dodge Woodson, 1994 A practical training guide for professional and practicing plumbers. Table of Contents: Introduction; Field Experience; An Introduction to the Plumbing Code; Safety; The Basics of Plumbing and Science Issues; Tool Selection; Reading Blueprints; Math for Plumbers; Residential Plumbing; Commercial Plumbing; Well Systems; Septic Systems; Water Conditioning Systems; Water Service and Sewers; Underground Plumbing; Drainage Systems; Vent Systems; Water-Distribution Systems; Gas Piping; Plumbing Fixtures; Institutional Plumbing; Special Plumbing Requirements; Testing Procedures; Maintenance; Drain Cleaning; Plumbing Repairs; Glossary; Index. Illustrations. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing Steve Muscroft, 2007 Assuming no prior knowledge of plumbing skills, Steve Muscroft - the author of the 6129 Certificate in Basic Plumbing from City & Guilds - takes the reader step by step through the requirements of the 6129 qualification at level 2. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Profitable Plumbing M. Scott Gregg, 2004-08-01 Women should come with a warning label that reads, Beware...beneath the gentle soft exterior is a conniving wench that could become harmful after prolonged exposure... Many a good man has been duped by a woman's charms, only to discover subsequently that she has a darker side... that he chose to ignore until too late! Women manipulate and exploit a man's regenerating desire for sex. By selectively promising and withholding sex, and through bitching and nagging, women drive men to deliver benefits and behaviors that serve their female fantasies. This process makes men miserable. This book offers an insightful overview of the female fantasy and the darker side of how and why women routinely exploit and manipulate men. It also highlights the biased legal and social constraints that favor women. Advice for men covers many of the situations that your dad never addressed (but you wish he had), including - how to set limits, how to convince a woman to have sex or terminate a pregnancy, considerations for long term relationships, and much more... |
best plumbing books for beginners: Original Plumbing Amos Mac, Rocco Kayiatos, 2019 Independently published from 2009 to 2019, Original Plumbing grew from a Bay Area zine to a nationally acclaimed print quarterly dedicated to trans men. For nearly ten years, the magazine was the premier resource focused on their experiences, celebrations, and imaginations, featuring writing on both playful and political topics like selfies, bathrooms, and safer sex; interviews with queer icons such as Janet Mock, Silas Howard, and Ian Harvie; and visual art, photography, and short fiction. In celebration of the magazine's ten-year run, this essential collection compiles the best of all twenty issues. Selections are reprinted in full color, with an introduction by activist Tiq Milan and a new preface by the founding editors.--Amazon.com. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing Book for Beginners Harper Wells, 2023-08-16 Are you frustrated, confused, and overwhelmed by plumbing problems in your home? Do you wish you knew the basics of plumbing so you could handle most of the maintenance and repairs yourself? Then the Plumbing Book for Beginners is the perfect resource for you. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of plumbing and gives you the knowledge you need to become a DIY plumber. It covers everything from understanding basic plumbing systems and their components, to how to install, maintain, and repair components of a plumbing system. It even provides easy-to-follow instructions on how to unclog drains, fix leaking pipes, fix toilets and perform other common repairs. Learn the plumbing basics with Plumbing Book for Beginners. After reading this book, you will develop a better understanding of the fundamentals of plumbing and gain the confidence to take on your own plumbing projects. This book will teach you: - The different types of plumbing systems and their components - How to identify and fix common plumbing problems - How to properly maintain, repair, and replace plumbing components - The tools and supplies you need for plumbing repairs - Tips and tricks for safely and effectively completing plumbing projects ...and so much more! With easy-to-understand language and step-by-step instructions, Plumbing Book for Beginners will have you tackling plumbing projects with ease. Whether you're a homeowner looking to save money on plumbing repairs, or a beginner plumber looking to expand your knowledge, this book is an invaluable resource. Take Control of Your Plumbing with this Comprehensive Guide Plumbing Book for Beginners is the perfect starting point for anyone who wants to become a DIY plumber. With the knowledge you gain from this book, you'll be able to tackle most plumbing repairs and maintenance with confidence. Don't let plumbing problems overwhelm you – take control of your home's plumbing faster than you can shake a wrench. This comprehensive guide is packed with all the information you need to become a DIY plumber and make repairs to your home's plumbing with confidence. Learn the basics of plumbing systems, get tips and tricks for completing plumbing projects, and find out the tools and supplies you need for successful plumbing repairs. Get your copy of Plumbing Book for Beginners today and start mastering the plumbing basics! |
best plumbing books for beginners: Complete Home Plumbing Editors of Sunset Books, 2001-01-01 Step-by-step photos guide the reader through basic repairs and advanced projects Troubleshooting; tools of the trade. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing Merle Henkenius, 2002 Plumbing: Basic, Intermediate & Advanced Projects is a comprehensive how-to book that prepares a do-it-yourselfer to handle any plumbing task in the home, from replacing a washer in a leaky faucet to cutting and joining cast-iron vent pipes. The author's emphasis is on doing things correctly, so all the projects use only code-compliant techniques. The book gives readers an overview of a house's plumbing system, including supply, waste, and vent piping, and explains the basic physics that keep everything working well. Readers learn not only how to plan and complete each project but how to spot and improve outdated or dangerous techniques and materials in their home's plumbing system. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing Technology Lee Smith, 1993 This book provides students with a comprehensive study of the knowledge and skills required of beginning plumbers, with explanations of the materials and skills encountered in the workplace. ALSO AVAILABLE INSTRUCTOR SUPPLEMENTS CALL CUSTOMER SUPPORT TO ORDER Instructor's Manual, ISBN: 0-8273-5524-6 |
best plumbing books for beginners: Complete Plumbing Stanley Complete, 2008-02-19 Step-by-step guide to the skills, tools, and materials needed for common plumbing repairs and maintenance projects. Includes Stanley Pro Tips and pre-start checklists to ensure that every plumbing project is a success. Hundreds of detailed photos and illustrations guide homeowners through every project from start to finish. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbers Jokes Chester Croker, 2019-01-16 If you're looking for plumbing jokes and funny plumber jokes you've certainly come to the right place. Some of these plumbing jokes are old, some of them are new, and while we don't want to plug them too much, we hope you enjoy this ultimate collection of the very best plumbing jokes and puns. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing MICHAEL B. MASKREY, 2018-08-30 Equip yourself with the tools for success with Plumbing Book 1, published in association with City & Guilds - Study with confidence, covering all core units for the new specifications - Get to grips with technical content presented in accessible language - Enhance your understanding of plumbing practice with clear and accurate illustrations and diagrams demonstrating the technical skills you need to master - Practise Maths and English in context, with embedded Improve your maths and English activities - Test your knowledge with end of unit practice questions and activities - Get to know the format and requirements for synoptic assessments, with practice mini-assignments - Prepare for the workplace with up-to-date information on relevant key regulations and industry standards - Keep your knowledge current, with clear coverage of major modern cold water, hot water, central heating, sanitation and rain water systems |
best plumbing books for beginners: Engineered Plumbing Design II Alfred Steele, A. Calvin Laws, 2004 |
best plumbing books for beginners: Plumbing For Beginners Handy Andrew, 2021-08-25 Do you wish you could be able to do basic to intermediate plumbing works around your home or RV so you don't have to call a plumber even for the smallest of plumbing problems, which you end up unnecessarily too much? And are you looking for a guide that will help you know what plumbing skills you need to develop (based on some of the common plumbing problems) and so as to be self-sufficient as far as common, basic, plumbing works are required? If you've answered YES, Let This Book Show You Step By Step How To Execute All Manner of Plumbing Projects In And Around Your House, For RV's And Much More! In the US alone, plumbing leaks waste about 1 trillion gallons of water each year, equivalent to 40 million swimming pools. The sad part is that most of these leaks don't even require the attention of a professional. Armed with a wrench and the proper plumbing guidance, you can actually repair or install just about anything around your home! You can bet that this is quite beneficial to you because it is very economical and you become self-efficient which is quite remarkable. However, just like any skill, it can be quite tricky at first, and you'll need proper training to understand plumbing inside out. Luckily, this book has all that you need to become a great plumber and more. So probably you're wondering... Why is it important to acquire basic DIY plumbing skills? Can you repair everything 0r are there projects you will need a professional? Which are some of the essential plumbing safety tools you need? What do you need to understand in order to become a good plumber? And which are some of the DIY plumbing repairs and installation projects that you can comfortably do in the kitchen, toilet, bathroom, and outdoor settings? If you have these and other related questions about plumbing, this book is for you so keep reading. Inside this book, you'll find: Reasons why learning plumbing maintenance is so important An understanding of the water system in your home so you can better understand the plumbing system How to do the DIY repairs around your kitchen Some DIY toilet repairs and installations in your toilet and bathroom A guide on some of the DIY plumbing repairs you can do outside your home How to ace plumbing in your RV And much more! Yes, the art of plumbing doesn't have to be tricky or hard. Even if you've never fixed a thing around your home, this guide is simple enough for you to understand. Plumbing is easier than you think. All you need is this guide to take you through how to become a seasoned plumber. If you are ready for this, Scroll up and click Buy Now With 1-Click or Buy Now to get your copy! |
best plumbing books for beginners: Home Plumbing Manual Andy Blackwall, 2015 At some point a homeowner will be confronted by their plumbing: a dripping tap, a flood of biblical proportions, a freezing cold house, a new dream bathroom or the latest gas bill. This Haynes Manual covers it all and is bang up-to-date, dealing with real taps that often dont have washers (but still drip) right through to the latest green technologies and gadgets that could save a fortune. Everything is explained in a clear and light-hearted fashion that will leave the reader confident that they can tackle their own plumbing and not have to cross the living room by canoe afterwards |
best plumbing books for beginners: Canadian Plumbing Troy White, Wayne Wright, Warren Hyde, 2018-06 Canadian Plumbing Design and Installation begins with an overview of the plumbing trade in Canada, followed by in-depth coverage of job-site safety, and essential plumbing math. It provides comprehensive coverage of plumbing materials, the latest tools and equipment, and pipe joining and supporting methods. The chapter on plumbing fixtures and appliances provides the clearances required for barrier-free fixtures. Barrier-free specifications are based on the accessibility requirements of Section 3.8. of the National Building Code of Canada (NBC).Canadian Plumbing Design and Installation provides a solid foundation in the essential theory and the fundamental skills required to be a Red Seal-certified plumber. This textbook arose from the expressed need on the part of plumbing educators for a high-quality Canadian resource. A primary objective of the book is to provide learners with a working knowledge of the National Plumbing Code of Canada (NPC).The NPC is referenced throughout the textbook down to the subsection level. This is intended to familiarize learners with the organization of the code, as well as the rules governing plumbing system design, sizing, installation, and testing. It is recommended that learners have a copy of the NPC or their local plumbing code as a companion to the textbook.Several step-by-step practical examples are used to illustrate the impact of developed length, hydraulic load,and other factors on sizing drainage, vent, and water distribution piping. Each example refers to the appropriate NPC sizing tables. This gives learners an opportunity to access the tables in the code so they can follow along with the sizing procedures presented in the textbook.Canadian Plumbing Design and Installation was developed with the learner in mind. It assumes no prior knowledge of the subject matter. Concise introductions at the beginning of each chapter provide an overview of chapter content, and objectives focus learners on key outcomes. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Archie & Friends Double Digest #12 Archie Superstars, Jughead as Captain Hero in Multiple Madness. Captain Hero battles the nefarious Witch Doctor who's up to no good! Captain Hero aligns himself with Pureheart the Powerful and Super Teen to outnumber the evildoer but using his ditto machine to duplicate himself, which Witch is real? See if our hero can figure it out in time before his super human appetite does him in! |
best plumbing books for beginners: Archie #518 Greg Crosby, A Quiet Evening At Home (by Greg Crosby & Stan Goldberg): Veronica suggests she and Archie spend a quiet evening just the two of us. But two has a strange way of multiplying when you're sharing the evening with phone calls, e-mails, and faxes! The Pajama Game (by George Gladir & Stan Goldberg): Running late for school again, Archie accidentally starts a new fashion fad by forgetting to take off his pajama bottoms! Child's Play (by Mike Pellowski & Stan Goldberg): Hey, don't turn a cold shoulder -- you're never too old for snowmen, snow angels, and snowball fights!Ê |
best plumbing books for beginners: The Metal Worker , 1895 |
best plumbing books for beginners: Popular Mechanics , 1948-09 Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Semiannual Report of the Architect of the Capitol for the Period October 1, 1997 Through March 31, 1998 United States. Architect of the Capitol, 1998 |
best plumbing books for beginners: Popular Mechanics , 1928-04 Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Popular Mechanics , 1949-10 Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle. |
best plumbing books for beginners: The Breeder's Gazette , 1912 |
best plumbing books for beginners: Popular Mechanics , 1947-04 Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Popular Science , 1947-03 Popular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it better. |
best plumbing books for beginners: Prairie Farmer , 1911 |
best plumbing books for beginners: The Plumbers Trade Journal , 1897 |
best plumbing books for beginners: American Architect , 1885 |
best plumbing books for beginners: Popular Mechanics , 1930-04 Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle. |
difference - "What was best" vs "what was the best"? - English …
Oct 18, 2018 · On the linked page, best is used as an adverb, modifying the verb knew. In that context, the phrase the best can also be used as if it were an adverb. The meaning is …
adverbs - About "best" , "the best" , and "most" - English …
Oct 20, 2016 · I like you best. I like chocolate best, better than anything else. can be used when what one is choosing from is not specified. I like you the best. Between chocolate, vanilla, and …
articles - "it is best" vs. "it is the best" - English Language ...
Jan 2, 2016 · This is the best car in the garage. We use articles like the and a before nouns, like car. The word "best" is an adjective, and adjectives do not take articles by themselves. …
expressions - "it's best" - how should it be used? - English …
Dec 8, 2020 · 3 "It's best (if) he (not) buy it tomorrow." is not a subjunctive form, and some options do not work well. 3A It's best he buy it tomorrow. the verb tense is wrong with 3A. Better would …
word choice - "his best-seller book" or "his best-selling book ...
Jun 12, 2016 · @J.R. If something is a New York Times Best Seller, the whole five word string is the adjective in use to modify book, although why book is specified is beyond me; perhaps to …
Word choice - Way of / to / for - Way of / to / for - English …
Jun 16, 2020 · The best way to use "the best way" is to follow it with an infinitive. However, this is not the only way to use the phrase; "the best way" can also be followed by of with a gerund: …
plural forms - It's/I'm acting in your best interest/interests ...
Dec 17, 2014 · have someone's (best) interests at heart (=want to help them): He claims he has only my best interests at heart. be in someone's/something's (best) interest(s) (=bring an …
"Best regards" vs. "Best Regards" - English Language Learners …
Dec 28, 2013 · The rule for formal letters is that only the first word should be capitalized (i.e. "Best regards"). Emails are less formal, so some of the rules are relaxed. That's why you're seeing …
Would be or will be - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
Oct 1, 2019 · It indicates items that (with the best understanding) are going to happen. Would is a conditional verb form. It states that something happens based on something else. Sometimes …
What is the correct usage of "deems fit" phrase?
Nov 15, 2016 · This plan of creating an electoral college to select the president was expected to secure the choice by the best citizens of each state, in a tranquil and deliberate way, of the …
difference - "What was best" vs "what was the best"? - English …
Oct 18, 2018 · On the linked page, best is used as an adverb, modifying the verb knew. In that context, the phrase the best can also be used as if it were an adverb. The meaning is …
adverbs - About "best" , "the best" , and "most" - English …
Oct 20, 2016 · I like you best. I like chocolate best, better than anything else. can be used when what one is choosing from is not specified. I like you the best. Between chocolate, vanilla, and …
articles - "it is best" vs. "it is the best" - English Language ...
Jan 2, 2016 · This is the best car in the garage. We use articles like the and a before nouns, like car. The word "best" is an adjective, and adjectives do not take articles by themselves. …
expressions - "it's best" - how should it be used? - English …
Dec 8, 2020 · 3 "It's best (if) he (not) buy it tomorrow." is not a subjunctive form, and some options do not work well. 3A It's best he buy it tomorrow. the verb tense is wrong with 3A. Better would …
word choice - "his best-seller book" or "his best-selling book ...
Jun 12, 2016 · @J.R. If something is a New York Times Best Seller, the whole five word string is the adjective in use to modify book, although why book is specified is beyond me; perhaps to …
Word choice - Way of / to / for - Way of / to / for - English …
Jun 16, 2020 · The best way to use "the best way" is to follow it with an infinitive. However, this is not the only way to use the phrase; "the best way" can also be followed by of with a gerund: …
plural forms - It's/I'm acting in your best interest/interests ...
Dec 17, 2014 · have someone's (best) interests at heart (=want to help them): He claims he has only my best interests at heart. be in someone's/something's (best) interest(s) (=bring an …
"Best regards" vs. "Best Regards" - English Language Learners …
Dec 28, 2013 · The rule for formal letters is that only the first word should be capitalized (i.e. "Best regards"). Emails are less formal, so some of the rules are relaxed. That's why you're seeing …
Would be or will be - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
Oct 1, 2019 · It indicates items that (with the best understanding) are going to happen. Would is a conditional verb form. It states that something happens based on something else. Sometimes …
What is the correct usage of "deems fit" phrase?
Nov 15, 2016 · This plan of creating an electoral college to select the president was expected to secure the choice by the best citizens of each state, in a tranquil and deliberate way, of the …