Apes Review Worksheet 1

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  apes review worksheet 1: Addison-Wesley Science Insights , 1996
  apes review worksheet 1: Super Minds American English Level 5 Teacher's Resource Book with Audio CD Garan Holcombe, 2013-09-05 Super Minds American English is a seven-level course for young learners. This exciting seven-level course enhances your students' thinking skills, improving their memory along with their language skills. Super Minds develops language creatively with activities including role play and project work. Social values are explored with lively stories and cross-curricular thinking is covered through fascinating 'English for school' sections. This Level 5 Teacher's Resource Book contains end-of-unit evaluation tests, worksheets for further vocabulary and grammar practice, along with cross-curricular extension material. The Audio CD includes all the listening material needed to accompany the tests.
  apes review worksheet 1: Science Insights , 1999
  apes review worksheet 1: Biological Extinction Partha Dasgupta, Peter Raven, Anna McIvor, 2019-09-05 Questions why species are becoming extinct, and how we can protect the natural world on which we all depend.
  apes review worksheet 1: 81 Fresh & Fun Critical-thinking Activities Laurie Rozakis, 1998 Help children of all learning styles and strengths improve their critical thinking skills with these creative, cross-curricular activities. Each engaging activity focuses on skills such as recognizing and recalling, evaluating, and analyzing.
  apes review worksheet 1: Ape's Great Escape IR Russell Punter, 2019-06 Ape's in chains for stealing grapes... find out how his his great escape goes with this lively story with humorous illustrations, ideal for children who are beginning to read for themselves, or for reading aloud together. With simple rhyming text and phonic repetition specially designed to develop essential language and early reading skills. Guidance notes for parents are included at the back of the book.
  apes review worksheet 1: Food Webs and Biodiversity Axel G. Rossberg, 2013-06-03 Food webs have now been addressed in empirical and theoretical research for more than 50 years. Yet, even elementary foundational issues are still hotly debated. One difficulty is that a multitude of processes need to be taken into account to understand the patterns found empirically in the structure of food webs and communities. Food Webs and Biodiversity develops a fresh, comprehensive perspective on food webs. Mechanistic explanations for several known macroecological patterns are derived from a few fundamental concepts, which are quantitatively linked to field-observables. An argument is developed that food webs will often be the key to understanding patterns of biodiversity at community level. Key Features: Predicts generic characteristics of ecological communities in invasion-extirpation equilibrium. Generalizes the theory of competition to food webs with arbitrary topologies. Presents a new, testable quantitative theory for the mechanisms determining species richness in food webs, and other new results. Written by an internationally respected expert in the field. With global warming and other pressures on ecosystems rising, understanding and protecting biodiversity is a cause of international concern. This highly topical book will be of interest to a wide ranging audience, including not only graduate students and practitioners in community and conservation ecology but also the complex-systems research community as well as mathematicians and physicists interested in the theory of networks. This is a comprehensive work outlining a large array of very novel and potentially game-changing ideas in food web ecology. —Ken Haste Andersen, Technical University of Denmark I believe that this will be a landmark book in community ecology ... it presents a well-established and consistent mathematical theory of food-webs. It is testable in many ways and the author finds remarkable agreements between predictions and reality. —Géza Meszéna, Eötvös University, Budapest
  apes review worksheet 1: Environmental Science for AP® Andrew Friedland, Rick Relyea, 2015-01-30 Written specifically for the AP® Environmental Science course, Friedland and Relyea Environmental Science for AP®Second Edition, is designed to help you realize success on the AP® Environmental Science Exam and in your course by providing the built-in support you want and need. In the new edition, each chapter is broken into short, manageable modules to help students learn at an ideal pace. Do the Math boxes review quantitative skills and offer you a chance to practice the math you need to know to succeed. Module AP® Review questions, Unit AP® Practice Exams, and a full length cumulative AP® Practice test offer unparalleled, integrated support to prepare you for the real AP® Environmental Science exam in May.
  apes review worksheet 1: A Boy Named Queen Sara Cassidy, 2016-08-01 Who will be brave enough to make friends with the boy named Queen? Sara Cassidy’s acclaimed novel, A Boy Named Queen, is now available in paperback! Evelyn is both aghast and fascinated when a new boy comes to grade five and tells everyone his name is Queen. Queen wears shiny gym shorts and wants to organize a chess/environment club. His father plays weird loud music and has tattoos. How will the class react? How will Evelyn? Evelyn is an only child with a strict routine and an even stricter mother. And yet in her quiet way she notices things. She notices the way bullies don’t seem to faze Queen. The way he seems to live by his own rules. When it turns out that they take the same route home from school, Evelyn and Queen become friends, even if she finds Queen irritating at times. Why doesn’t he just shut up and stop attracting so much attention to himself. Yet Queen is the most interesting person she has ever met. So when she receives a last-minute invitation to his birthday party, she knows she must somehow persuade her mother to let her go, even if Queen’s world upends everything her mother considers appropriate. Correlates to the Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.4.3 Describe in depth a character, setting, or event in a story or drama, drawing on specific details in the text (e.g., a character's thoughts, words, or actions).
  apes review worksheet 1: Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories Centers for Disease Control (U.S.), 1988
  apes review worksheet 1: Indonesia's Fires and Haze David Glover, Timothy Jessup, 1999 In the middle of 1997, forest fires burning in Indonesia began to spread thick clouds of smoke and haze to neighbouring countries. By the time the fires were finally out in 1998, some 8 million hectares of land had burned while millions of people suffered the effects of air pollution. The fires — deliberately set for the most part, and exacerbated by the drought conditions of El Niño — were one of the century’s worst environmental disasters. This book assesses the damage caused by the fires and haze and puts them in terms that are readily understandable: dollars and cents. Written while the fires of 1998 were still raging, it looks at the damages suffered by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore during the first outbreak of fires, in 1997. The study’s summary findings were widely quoted and played an important role in policy discussions in the region. This book presents in full detail the methods used to obtain those estimates and elaborates on the policy recommendations tabled in 1998.
  apes review worksheet 1: Glencoe Science McGraw-Hill Staff, 2001-08
  apes review worksheet 1: Chapter Resource 32 Introduction/Vertebrates Biology Holt Rinehart & Winston, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Staff, 2004
  apes review worksheet 1: Sophie's World Jostein Gaarder, 1994 The protagonists are Sophie Amundsen, a 14-year-old girl, and Alberto Knox, her philosophy teacher. The novel chronicles their metaphysical relationship as they study Western philosophy from its beginnings to the present. A bestseller in Norway.
  apes review worksheet 1: Environmental Science: Foundations and Applications Andrew Friedland, Rick Relyea, David Courard-Hauri, 2011-02-25 Watch a video clips and view sample chapters at www.whfreeman.com/friedlandpreview Created for non-majors courses in environmental science, environmental studies, and environmental biology, Environmental Science: Foundations and Applications emphasizes critical thinking and quantitative reasoning skills. Students learn how to analyze graphs, measure environmental impact on various scales, and use simple calculations to understand key concepts.With a solid understanding of science fundamentals and how the scientific method is applied, students are able to evaluate information objectively and draw their own conclusions. The text equips students to interpret the wealth of data they will encounter as citizens, professionals, and consumers.
  apes review worksheet 1: Literature Alan Maley, Alan Duff, 2007-04-26 The Resource Books for Teachers series gives teachers, trainers, and trainee teachers practical guidance in key aspects of language teaching. Each book includes an introduction and up to 100 classroom ideas, materials, and techniques. The activities are clearly presented, and offer teachers all the information they need about appropriate level, time, preparation, materials, variations, and follow-up activities. Since the first edition of Literature, new ways of using literary texts have emerged, and there is now an even greater choice of stimulating texts available. This is a revised edition of this prize-winning book which has been widely used by teachers all over the world.brbrbName of series:/b Resource Books for Teachers
  apes review worksheet 1: A Microsoft Excel® Companion to Political Analysis Philip H. Pollock III, Barry C. Edwards, 2022-01-31 The trusted series of workbooks by Philip H. Pollock III and Barry C. Edwards continues with A Microsoft Excel®Companion to Political Analysis. In this new guide, students dive headfirst into actual political data working with the ubiquitous Excel software. Students learn by doing with new guided examples, annotated screenshots, step-by-step instructions, and exercises that reflect current scholarly debates in varied subfields of political science, including American politics, comparative politics, law and courts, and international relations. Chapters cover all major topics in political data analysis, from descriptive statistics through logistic regression, all with worked examples and exercises in Excel. No matter their professional goals, students can gain a leg up for their future careers by developing a working knowledge of statistics using Excel. By encouraging students to build on their existing familiarity with the Excel program, instructors can flatten the statistics learning curve and take some of the intimidation out of the learning process. Gain lost time usually spent troubleshooting software to provide students with a smooth transition into political analysis.
  apes review worksheet 1: Photochemical Oxidants , 1979
  apes review worksheet 1: The Evolution of Language W. Tecumseh Fitch, 2010-04 This book brings together the most important insights from the vast amount of literature on the origin of language.
  apes review worksheet 1: The Outsiders S. E. Hinton, 2012-05-15 Inspiration for the 2024 Tony Award Winner for Best Musical! Over 50 years of an iconic classic! The international bestseller-- a heroic story of friendship and belonging. No one ever said life was easy. But Ponyboy is pretty sure that he's got things figured out. He knows that he can count on his brothers, Darry and Sodapop. And he knows that he can count on his friends—true friends who would do anything for him, like Johnny and Two-Bit. But not on much else besides trouble with the Socs, a vicious gang of rich kids whose idea of a good time is beating up on “greasers” like Ponyboy. At least he knows what to expect—until the night someone takes things too far. The Outsiders is a dramatic and enduring work of fiction that laid the groundwork for the YA genre. S. E. Hinton's classic story of a boy who finds himself on the outskirts of regular society remains as powerful today as it was the day it was first published. The Outsiders transformed young-adult fiction from a genre mostly about prom queens, football players and high school crushes to one that portrayed a darker, truer world. —The New York Times Taut with tension, filled with drama. —The Chicago Tribune [A] classic coming-of-age book. —Philadelphia Daily News A New York Herald Tribune Best Teenage Book A Chicago Tribune Book World Spring Book Festival Honor Book An ALA Best Book for Young Adults Winner of the Massachusetts Children's Book Award
  apes review worksheet 1: Cambridge practice tests for IELTS. 1 Vanessa Jakeman, 2006
  apes review worksheet 1: Archaeology Anthropology and Interstellar Communication Douglas A. Douglas A. Vakoch, 2015-03-24 Addressing a field that has been dominated by astronomers, physicists, engineers, and computer scientists, the contributors to this collection raise questions that may have been overlooked by physical scientists about the ease of establishing meaningful communication with an extraterrestrial intelligence. These scholars are grappling with some of the enormous challenges that will face humanity if an information-rich signal emanating from another world is detected. By drawing on issues at the core of contemporary archaeology and anthropology, we can be much better prepared for contact with an extraterrestrial civilization, should that day ever come.
  apes review worksheet 1: 504 Absolutely Essential Words Murray Bromberg, Julius Liebb, Arthur Traiger, 1988 A self-help guide to the use of 504 words used regularly by educated people. Includes sentences, articles, exercises and word review sections using the new words.
  apes review worksheet 1: Ecological Impacts of Climate Change National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Committee on Ecological Impacts of Climate Change, 2008-12-07 The world's climate is changing, and it will continue to change throughout the 21st century and beyond. Rising temperatures, new precipitation patterns, and other changes are already affecting many aspects of human society and the natural world. In this book, the National Research Council provides a broad overview of the ecological impacts of climate change, and a series of examples of impacts of different kinds. The book was written as a basis for a forthcoming illustrated booklet, designed to provide the public with accurate scientific information on this important subject.
  apes review worksheet 1: Gorilla Pathology and Health John E Cooper, Gordon Hull, 2016-12-21 Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials consists of two cross-referenced parts. The first, the book itself, is a review of pathological changes and tissue responses in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla and G. beringei), with an emphasis on free-living animals, but also with reference to those in captivity. The comparative aspects are discussed, stressing the relevance of research to both gorillas and humans. What makes the publication truly unique, however, is the second part, a comprehensive descriptive catalogue of the location and nature of gorilla material in museums and scientific institutions throughout the world. This is of great consequence because free-living gorillas are strictly conserved with restricted access, so the location of a wealth of preserved tissues and other material that has been collected over the decades is a great benefit for research and study.This book can, and should, be used to gain cardinal knowledge regarding the biology and pathology of this genus. The combination of book and catalogue in this extensive compilation makes it an invaluable tool for all those concerned with the health, welfare, and conservation of gorillas, one of our nearest living relatives. - Brings together studies, data, and clinical practice from difficult-to-access or obscure journals and NGO reports, in different languages, for all interested parties and practitioners - Provides perspectives on existing research in gorilla pathology, both for those studying conservation practices and those seeking an understanding of comparable diseases in humans - Includes illustrative figures on gross and microscopic pathological changes, museum specimens, photos of field necropsy and techniques, and examples of laboratory tests - Features an extensive list of references and further reading, in different languages - Incorporates a comprehensive, descriptive catalogue of gorilla material from around the world
  apes review worksheet 1: Curriculum Review , 1978
  apes review worksheet 1: Zero to One Blake Masters, Peter Thiel, 2014-09-18 WHAT VALUABLE COMPANY IS NOBODY BUILDING? The next Bill Gates will not build an operating system. The next Larry Page or Sergey Brin won’t make a search engine. If you are copying these guys, you aren’t learning from them. It’s easier to copy a model than to make something new: doing what we already know how to do takes the world from 1 to n, adding more of something familiar. Every new creation goes from 0 to 1. This book is about how to get there. ‘Peter Thiel has built multiple breakthrough companies, and Zero to One shows how.’ ELON MUSK, CEO of SpaceX and Tesla ‘This book delivers completely new and refreshing ideas on how to create value in the world.’ MARK ZUCKERBERG, CEO of Facebook ‘When a risk taker writes a book, read it. In the case of Peter Thiel, read it twice. Or, to be safe, three times. This is a classic.’ NASSIM NICHOLAS TALEB, author of The Black Swan
  apes review worksheet 1: Exploring Environmental Science for AP® Updated, Teacher's Edition National Geographic School Publishing, Incorporated, 2020 Updated for the revised APES course framework, the Teacher's Edition provides: an overview of chapter goals from the perspective of the AP® course outline, a Pacing Guide, teaching tips for each section including Discussion Prompts and Tapping Prior Knowledge, Illustrate a Concept, Quick Demonstrations, and Interpreting Graphs and Data provide visuals to help students understand scientific concepts, suggestions for presenting anticipatory ideas prior to a lab, In Your Community offers ideas for field trips and guest speakers, and chapter notes.
  apes review worksheet 1: Cartoon Guide to the Environment Larry Gonick, 1996-03-15 Do you think that the Ozone Hole is a grunge rock club? Or that the Food Web is an on-line restaurant guide? Or that the Green Revolution happened in Greenland? Then you need The Cartoon Guide to the Environment to put you on the road to environmental literacy. The Cartoon Guide to the Environment covers the main topics of environmental science: chemical cycles, life communities, food webs, agriculture, human population growth, sources of energy and raw materials, waste disposal and recycling, cities, pollution, deforestation, ozone depletion, and global warming—and puts them in the context of ecology, with discussions of population dynamics, thermodynamics, and the behavior of complex systems.
  apes review worksheet 1: Environmental Science Tracey Greenwood, Kent Pryor, Lisa Bainbridge-Smith, Richard Allan, 2013 Environmental Science introduces students to the Earth's physical and biological systems, and the interactions of humans with these. This revision introduces new content and aligns the workbook to its supporting digital resources. Content developments include updates on the Gulf of Mexico oil spill and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, and in-depth coverage of energy extraction issues, pollution, and the wider environmental implications of urban development. The ideal companion to both the APES curriculum and the IB Environmental Systems and Societies--Back cover.
  apes review worksheet 1: Wicked Gregory Maguire, 2009-09-29 When Dorothy triumphed over the Wicked Witch of the West in L. Frank Baum's classic tale, we heard only her side of the story. But what about her arch-nemesis, the mysterious Witch? Where did she come from? How did she become so wicked? Gregory Maguire has created a fantasy world so rich and vivid that we will never look at Oz the same way again.
  apes review worksheet 1: The Carbon Cycle T. M. L. Wigley, D. S. Schimel, 2005-08-22 Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is imperative to stabilizing our future climate. Our ability to reduce these emissions combined with an understanding of how much fossil-fuel-derived CO2 the oceans and plants can absorb is central to mitigating climate change. In The Carbon Cycle, leading scientists examine how atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have changed in the past and how this may affect the concentrations in the future. They look at the carbon budget and the missing sink for carbon dioxide. They offer approaches to modeling the carbon cycle, providing mathematical tools for predicting future levels of carbon dioxide. This comprehensive text incorporates findings from the recent IPCC reports. New insights, and a convergence of ideas and views across several disciplines make this book an important contribution to the global change literature.
  apes review worksheet 1: Smithsonian Kids Orangutans Jaye Garnett, 2020-07-14 Learn all about the fascinating, long-haired endangered great apes that call the rainforest trees their home. Discover their preferred habitat, favorite foods, common traits, exciting facts about their babies, and why they have been named person of the forest in this fun and educational sturdy board book perfect for your curious little reader. A must for animal lovers! Smithsonian Kids books feature engaging educational content for little learners that reflect the integrity of the Smithsonian. A portion of the proceeds from the sale of this book goes to support the Smithsonian's educational mission. Collect the entire Smithsonian Kids series! Packed with fun orangutan facts and new vocabulary words for little ones to discover and learn Encourages and offers ways kiddos can help protect the endangered species Fun, vibrant illustrations perfect for keeping toddlers and preschoolers entertained Perfect gift for the little animal fan in your life! Officially licensed Smithsonian Kids product
  apes review worksheet 1: Space Shuttle Missions Summary (NASA/TM-2011-216142) Robert D. Legler, Floyd V. Bennett, 2011-09-01 Full color publication. This document has been produced and updated over a 21-year period. It is intended to be a handy reference document, basically one page per flight, and care has been exercised to make it as error-free as possible. This document is basically as flown data and has been compiled from many sources including flight logs, flight rules, flight anomaly logs, mod flight descent summary, post flight analysis of mps propellants, FDRD, FRD, SODB, and the MER shuttle flight data and inflight anomaly list. Orbit distance traveled is taken from the PAO mission statistics.
  apes review worksheet 1: Reading Comprehension Scholastic, Inc. Staff, 2010-03 Give students the targeted, skill-building practice they need with these standards-based books! Each workbook includes more than 40 ready-to-reproduce practice pages. Easy-to-follow directions and fun exercises motivate students to work on their own. Every activity in each book is correlated to state standards. For use with Grade 4.
  apes review worksheet 1: NSSC Biology Module 3 Ngepathimo Kadhila, 2005-10-01 NSSC Biology is a course consisting of three Modules, an Answer Book and a Teacher's Guide. The course has been written and designed to prepare students for the Namibia Senior Secondary Certificate (NSSC) Ordinary and Higher Level, or similar examinations. The modules have been developed for distance learners and learners attending schools. NSSC Biology is high-quality support material. Features of the books include: ' modules divided into units, each focusing on a different theme ' stimulating and thought-provoking activities, designed to encourage critical thinking ' word boxes providing language support ' highlighted and explained key terminology ' step-by-step guidelines aimed towards achieving the learning outcomes ' self-evaluation to facilitate learning and assess skills and knowledge ' clear distinction between Ordinary and Higher Level content ' an outcomes-based approach encouraging student-centred learning ' detailed feedback in the Answer Book promoting a thorough understanding of content through recognising errors and correcting them.
  apes review worksheet 1: Stuck Duck Brooke Vitale, 2021-09-04 When Monkey drops a trumpet on Duck's head, Duck turns into Stuck Duck! Can poor Duck ever find a way free of the trumpet, or is he doomed to be Stuck Duck forever? This early reader, with simple language and familiar word families is the perfect fit for emergent readers, and associated literacy activities at the back will help strengthen your child's reading from page to page.
  apes review worksheet 1: Explorations Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera, 2019-12-20 Welcome to Explorations and biological anthropology! An electronic version of this textbook is available free of charge at the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges' webpage here: www.explorations.americananthro.org
  apes review worksheet 1: Little Monster Rhiannon Fielding, 2025-07-22 Belch, the smallest monster, loves to play with her toys and have parties with her friends. But will she get to bed on time? This delightful title from the Ten Minutes to Bed series is now available as a board book! Belch the Monster doesn't want to go to sleep. She loves to eat tasty treats and play with her toys. But will she get to bed on time? Weaving a journey from lively beginning to gentle end, the ten-minute countdown to bed is at the heart of this gripping story. This beautifully illustrated board book is the perfect length for sending little ones off to sleep.
  apes review worksheet 1: Draw and Paint Super Cute Animals Jane Maday, 2018-12-04 In her newest instructional book Jane Maday, queen of cuteness, teaches you how to draw cute animal friends with basic and timeless drawing techniques. After you've mastered pencil drawings from photo references, Jane will guide you through simple techniques for adding colored pencil, watercolor and pen and ink. 35 step-by-step demonstrations cover the gamut of the cute animal kingdom from cats and kittens, dogs and puppies, chipmunks, songbird and ducklings, and even flamingos and frogs!
Ape - Wikipedia
Apes (collectively Hominoidea / hɒmɪˈnɔɪdi.ə /) are a superfamily of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of …

All The 26 Different Types of Apes: Pictures, Classification ...
Jul 9, 2023 · In this article, we’ll introduce you to the 26 different types of apes, including the 8 types of great apes and 16 types of lesser apes. As an added bonus, we’ll also discuss how apes …

Ape | Definition & Facts | Britannica
ape, (superfamily Hominoidea), any tailless primate of the families Hylobatidae (gibbon s) and Hominidae (chimpanzee s, bonobo s, orangutan s, gorilla s, and human being s). Apes are found …

About Apes - Center for Great Apes
There are four types of great apes: gorillas (Africa), bonobos (Africa), orangutans (SE Asia), and chimpanzees (Africa). Chimpanzees are great apes that live in the tropical rain forests of Africa …

Primates: Facts about the group that includes humans, apes ...
Apr 15, 2025 · Primates are a group of mammals that includes humans and our close relatives, such as apes, monkeys and lemurs. Monkeys, such as capuchins and macaques; prosimians, like …

Ape Animal Facts - Hominoidea - A-Z Animals
May 27, 2024 · Apes are part of the superfamily of primates, the Hominoidea. The Hominoidea encompasses a variety of species called “lesser apes” and “great apes.” These include the …

Great Apes and Lesser Apes Conservation Facts | IFAW
Learn more about the different types of apes, including the great apes and lesser apes, as well as the urgent threats they face and how you can help them.

Ape - Wikipedia
Apes (collectively Hominoidea / hɒmɪˈnɔɪdi.ə /) are a superfamily of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of …

All The 26 Different Types of Apes: Pictures, Classification ...
Jul 9, 2023 · In this article, we’ll introduce you to the 26 different types of apes, including the 8 types of great apes and 16 types of lesser apes. As an added bonus, we’ll also discuss how …

Ape | Definition & Facts | Britannica
ape, (superfamily Hominoidea), any tailless primate of the families Hylobatidae (gibbon s) and Hominidae (chimpanzee s, bonobo s, orangutan s, gorilla s, and human being s). Apes are …

About Apes - Center for Great Apes
There are four types of great apes: gorillas (Africa), bonobos (Africa), orangutans (SE Asia), and chimpanzees (Africa). Chimpanzees are great apes that live in the tropical rain forests of …

Primates: Facts about the group that includes humans, apes ...
Apr 15, 2025 · Primates are a group of mammals that includes humans and our close relatives, such as apes, monkeys and lemurs. Monkeys, such as capuchins and macaques; prosimians, …

Ape Animal Facts - Hominoidea - A-Z Animals
May 27, 2024 · Apes are part of the superfamily of primates, the Hominoidea. The Hominoidea encompasses a variety of species called “lesser apes” and “great apes.” These include the …

Great Apes and Lesser Apes Conservation Facts | IFAW
Learn more about the different types of apes, including the great apes and lesser apes, as well as the urgent threats they face and how you can help them.