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| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Toccata & Fugue in D Minor BWV 565 Johann S. Bach, 1977 |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor Bwv 565 (Arranged for Piano) , 2022-05 One of the most famous of all organ works, Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor is here presented in an elegant arrangement for piano, with practical fingerings, by Thomas A. Johnson. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: My First Bach Johann Sebastian Bach, 2018-03-15 Learn from the master. Johann Sebastian Bach composed countless pieces specifically for his many students. My First Bach contains many of these educational pieces which are, for the most part, arranged in increasing difficulty. Easy two-part chorales and dances are followed by more demanding little preludes, two-part inventions and the first Prelude from the Well-Tempered Clavier. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Capriccio on the Departure of His Dearly Beloved Brother Johann Sebastian Bach, 1996-02-01 The Capriccio in B-flat Major, On the Departure of a Friend, is an unusually romantic-styled composition by Johann Sebastian Bach when he was 19 years of age, written upon the departure of his brother, Johann Jacob Bach, for his new duties in the service of King Carl XII of Sweden. Titles: * 1. An Affectionate Plea to the Friend not to Embark * 2. Reflections on the Misfortunes of Travel * 3. Mutual Lamentations * 4. The Farewell * 5. Aria and Fugue on the Post Horn Call |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Liszt's Ad Nos John Chalmers Walker, 1970 |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor , 1985-03 (Music Sales America). Handel's dramatic cantata Apollo And Daphne belongs to the composer's early years in Italy. It seems likely to have been written in Rome, where Handel lived intermittently between 1707 and 1710. Opera in Rome had been placed under a papal ban, but musical society in the performance of dramatic cantatas, which possessed most of the features of opera without requiring elaborate staging. Handel's plainly dramatic intentions in this cantata are reinforced by the appearance of much of its music in his later operas. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Seven Toccatas Johann Sebastian Bach, Hans Bischoff, This volume presents the edition of Dr. Hans Bischoff of Bach’s early keyboard Toccatas, BWV 910-916. These works include explorations of keyboard touch and style that usually include an introductory fantasie, an adagio movement, and one or more fugues. Dr. Bischoff includes footnotes, performance suggestions and explanations of his manuscript sources. Contains: * Toccata in C-Minor * Toccata in D-Major * Toccata in D-Minor * Toccata in E-Minor * Toccata in F-sharp Minor * Toccata in G-Major * Toccata in G-Minor |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor Johann Sebastian Bach, 1998-12 |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Concerto in C Minor Henri Casadesus, 1986-11 (String Solo). For viola and orchestra (piano reduction). |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: J. S. Bach as Organist George B. Stauffer, Ernest May, 2000-05-22 ... a valuable book of scholarly yet highly readable studies... every organist and anyone interested in the music of J. S. Bach should have it. --Early Keyboard Journal ... a very perceptive and informative guide... --Early Music ... this book is a must. --The American Organist ... invaluable and entertaining... --American Music Teacher ... among the most important and accomplished studies on eighteenth-century performance. Its comprehensiveness, clarity, and scholarship make it indispensable. --Performance Practice Review In J. S. Bach as Organist, specialists from six countries explore Bach's relationship to his favorite instrument during all periods of his career. J. S. Bach as Organist is a book for scholars, performers, and students. Authoritative and wide-ranging. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Reinventing Bach Paul Elie, 2013-04-04 Johann Sebastian Bach – celebrated pipe organist, court composer and master of sacred music – was also a technical pioneer. Working in Germany in the early eighteenth century, he invented new instruments and carried out experiments in tuning, the effects of which are still with us today. Two hundred years later, a number of extraordinary musicians have utilised the music of Bach to thrilling effect through the art of recording, furthering their own virtuosity and reinventing the composer for our time. In Reinventing Bach, Paul Elie brilliantly blends the stories of modern musicians with a polyphonic account of our most celebrated composer’ s life to create a spellbinding narrative of the changing place of music in our lives. We see the sainted organist Albert Schweitzer playing to a mobile recording unit set up at London’ s Church of All Hallows in order to spread Bach’ s organ works to the world beyond the churches, and Pablo Casals’ s Abbey Road recordings of Bach’ s cello suites transform the middle-class sitting room into a hotbed of existentialism; we watch Leopold Stokowski persuade Walt Disney to feature his own grand orchestrations of Bach in the animated classical-music movie Fantasia – which made Bach the sound of children’ s playtime and Hollywood grandeur alike – and we witness how Glenn Gould’ s Goldberg Variations made Bach the byword for postwar cool. Through the Beatles and Switched-on Bach and Gö del, Escher, Bach – through film, rock music, the Walkman, the CD and up to Yo-Yo Ma and the iPod – Elie shows us how dozens of gifted musicians searched, experimented and collaborated with one another in the service of a composer who emerged as the prototype of the spiritualised, technically savvy artist. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Organ works César Franck, 1987-01-01 Treasury of great composer's best-known works for organ, including 6 Pieces (Liszt ranked them with the masterpieces of Bach), Trois Pieces — including the well-known Pièce Héroïque — and the Trois Chorals, perhaps Franck's finest organ works. Reproduced directly from authoritative Durand edition in an oblong format designed for easy use at the keyboard. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D Minor BWV 565 [critical Study] Toccata and Fugue in D Minor BWV 565 [critical Study]. John Fenton, Johann Sebastian Bach, Jack Pilgrim, 1983 |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Prelude and Fugue in B-Flat Major , 1996 The Roland E. Moelmann arrangement of Johann Sebastian Bach's Prelude and Fugue in B-flat Major was originally scored in 1955 and remains on contest and festival lists. The fluid prelude establishes the melody and then it is amended musically with fascinating intricacy. Clarity of the composer's intent is certain in this time-honored arrangement. Classic repertoire for your concert band. Freshly re-engraved, this is must in every serious band music library! |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Testimony Dmitriĭ Dmitrievich Shostakovich, Solomon Volkov, 2005-07-01 With the composer's consent, the manuscript was smuggled out of Soviet Russia - but Shostakovich, fearing reprisals, stipulated that the book should not appear until after his death. Ever since its publication in 1979 it has been the subject of controversy, some suggesting that Volkov invented parts of it, but most affirming that it revealed a profoundly ambivalent Shostakovich which the world had never seen before - his life at once triumphant and tragic. Either way, it remains indispensable to an understanding of Shostakovich's life and work. Testimony is intense and fiercely ironic, both plain-spoken and outspoken. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Bach C.F. Abdy Williams, 2018-04-05 Reproduction of the original: Bach by C.F. Abdy Williams |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Written By Mrs Bach Martin Jarvis, 2011-05-01 Did Mrs Bach write some of our greatest musical works? It's not often that one of the world's greatest composers is accused of plagiarising his wife's work, but an Australian musical expert has cast doubt on whether Johann Sebastian Bach wrote all his own material. Conductor Martin Jarvis believes Bach's cello suites were composed by the German musician's second wife, Anna Magdalena Bach (1701-60). He takes us on an intriguing journey of speculation and discovery to uncover the truth and rewrite some musical wrongs. When ABC 'AM' broke the story, it was wired all around the world and created a sensation in music circles. Category: MUSIC / BIOGRAPHY |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Preludes and Fugues for Organ Carl Czerny, 2011-01-01 Book URL: https://www.areditions.com/rr/special/S_022.html The son of an organist, Carl Czerny¿s understanding of the instrument is thorough and his works for organ¿largely in miniature, but also containing the large-scale Prelude and Fugue in A minor, op. 607¿offer today's musician a pedagogical and practical entree to this often-neglected period in organ literature.The introductory essay sheds particular light on the relationship between Czerny and his English publisher, Robert Cocks and Co., and the reception of Czerny¿s organ works in England. The essay further discusses the English attraction to the Germanic style during the Victorian age, the development of the organ in mid-nineteenth-century England, and the ability of Czerny and Cocks¿s to appeal to a musical society rapt with the king of instruments. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Beethoven: Grosse Fuge Ludwig Van Beethoven, 2009-12-30 Originally written as the finale of Beethoven's 13th Quartet (Op. 130), the Grosse Fuge was later published as a separate work following the poor reception of that quartet by the public. In its current form, the Grosse Fuge (Op. 134), has become much loved among Beethoven afficianados and is seen as one of his most contemporary works. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: The Organ Music of J. S. Bach Peter Williams, 2003-12-11 This is a completely revised 2003 edition of volumes I and II of The Organ Music of J. S. Bach (1980), a bestselling title, which has subsequently become a classic text. This edition takes account of Bach scholarship of the 25 years prior to publication. Peter Williams's piece-by-piece commentary puts the musical sources of the organ works in context, describing the form and content of each work and relating them to other music, German and non-German. He summarises the questions about the history, authenticity, chronology, function and performance of each piece, and points out important details of style and musical quality. The study follows the order of the Bach catalogue (BWV), beginning with the sonatas, then the 'free works', followed by chorales and ending with the doubtful works, including the 'newly discovered chorales' of 1985. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: 371 Harmonized Chorales and 69 Chorale Melodies with Figured Bass Johann Sebastian Bach, 1941 |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: The Antithetical Meaning of Primal Words Sigmund Freud, 2014-07-10 This early work by Sigmund Freud was originally published in 1910 and we are now republishing it with a brand new introductory biography. 'The Antithetical Meaning of Primal Words' is a psychological essay on the subject of language. Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born on 6th May 1856, in the Moravian town of P ibor, now part of the Czech Republic. He studied a variety of subjects, including philosophy, physiology, and zoology, graduating with an MD in 1881. Freud made a huge and lasting contribution to the field of psychology with many of his methods still being used in modern psychoanalysis. He inspired much discussion on the wealth of theories he produced and the reactions to his works began a century of great psychological investigation. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Bach Toccata and Fugue in D Minor BWV 565 John Fenton, Jack Pilgrim, Johann Sebastian Bach, 1983 |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: The Classical Music Experience Julius H. Jacobson, 2008 Covers sixty of the world's most celebrated composers, from Bach, Mozart and Beethoven to Tchaikovsky, Gershwin and Bernstein. It weaves five hundred years of history and music into a rich tapestry of sound and story. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: J. S. Bach, Volume One Albert Schweitzer, Ernest Newman, 1966-01-01 Volume 1 of 2-volume set. This stimulating narrative traces Bach's life; discusses contemporary artistic and philosophical movements; assesses the work of his predecessors Schutz, Scheidt, Buxtehude, etc., analyzes Bach's own work; and passes on brilliant recommendations for performance — tempo, phrasing, accentuation, dynamics, etc. Translated by Ernest Newman. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Folk-songs From the Eastern Counties Ralph 1872-1958 Vaughan Williams, 2021-09-09 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: J.S.Bach: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor (Piano) , 1995-07 (Music Sales America). Arranged for piano by Carl Tausig. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Organ Literature Corliss Richard Arnold, 1995 A set that provides invaluable information for finding organ pieces as well as an introduction to organs and organ music history. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: New York Magazine , 1970-05-04 New York magazine was born in 1968 after a run as an insert of the New York Herald Tribune and quickly made a place for itself as the trusted resource for readers across the country. With award-winning writing and photography covering everything from politics and food to theater and fashion, the magazine's consistent mission has been to reflect back to its audience the energy and excitement of the city itself, while celebrating New York as both a place and an idea. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: The Neuroscience of Bach's Music Eric Altschuler, 2024-02-07 The Neuroscience of Bach's Music: Perception, Action, and Cognition Effects on the Brain is a comprehensive study of Johann Sebastian Bach's music through the lens of neuroscience and examining neuroscience using Bach's music as a tool. This book synthesizes cognitive neuroscience, music theory, and musicology to provide insights into human cognition and perception. It also explores how a neuroscience perspective can improve listening and performing experiences for Bach's music. Written by a physician-neuroscientist recognized for scholarly articles on Bach's music, this book uses specific examples to explore neuroscience across Bach's compositions. The book is structured to discuss the brain's action, perception, and cognition as connected to specific Bach concertos, tones, notes, and performances. Two guest contributors provide insight into exact mathematical, or topologic, and music theoretic aspects of Bach's music with implications for cognitive neuroscience. The Neuroscience of Bach's Music: Perception, Action, and Cognition Effects on the Brain is a vital source for neuroscientists, especially those studying the cognitive effects of music, as well as musicians and students alike. - Links specific features and unique characteristics of Bach's music to perceptual and cognitive neuroscience processes - Requires only an interest in music or basic music training - Accompanied by a companion website with music examples mentioned in the book |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Music's Divine Touch: Johann Sebastian Bach's Journey of Sound Pasquale De Marco, Johann Sebastian Bach, a name synonymous with musical genius, stands as a towering figure in the annals of classical music. His compositions, spanning a vast array of genres, continue to captivate audiences with their intricate beauty, emotional depth, and technical mastery. This book invites readers to embark on a journey through the life and works of Bach, shedding light on the man behind the music and exploring the profound impact he has had on the world of music. Born in Eisenach, Germany, in 1685, Bach was immersed in music from an early age. His father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, was a town musician, and young Johann Sebastian received his first musical instruction from him. Bach's talent became evident at an early age, and he quickly gained recognition as a skilled organist and composer. Throughout his life, Bach held various positions as an organist and music director in several German cities, including Arnstadt, Mühlhausen, Weimar, and Leipzig. This book delves into the historical and cultural context in which Bach lived and worked, providing readers with a deeper understanding of the influences that shaped his music. It explores the intricate details of his compositional techniques, shedding light on the innovative approaches he employed to create works of unparalleled beauty and complexity. The book also examines the profound impact Bach's music has had on subsequent generations of musicians and composers, tracing the legacy of his influence through the centuries. With its comprehensive analysis and engaging narrative, this book offers a fresh perspective on the life and works of Johann Sebastian Bach. Whether you are a seasoned Bach enthusiast or a newcomer to his music, this book promises to deepen your appreciation for the genius of one of the greatest composers in history. Immerse yourself in the world of Bach and discover the timeless beauty and enduring relevance of his musical legacy. If you like this book, write a review! |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Toccata and fugue in D minor for organ, and the other Bach transcriptions Johann Sebastian Bach, Ferruccio Busoni, 1996-01-01 Features transcriptions of Bach's Chaconne in D Minor; Prelude and Fugue in E-flat (St. Anne); Prelude and Fugue in D, 10 Chorale-Preludes, more. Authoritative German editions. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Toccatas, fantasias, passacaglia, and other works for organ Johann Sebastian Bach, 1987-01-01 Over 20 of the composer's best-loved, most often performed compositions, including the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565; Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582; the Fugue in B minor on a theme of Corelli, BWV 579, and many more. Reproduced directly from the authoritative Bach-Gesellschaft edition. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Geoffrey Tristram David Baker, 2022-07-11 For nearly thirty years, Geoffrey Oliver Tristram (GOT) was the celebrated Organist and Master of the Choristers at Christchurch Priory. He set a high standard for both organ performance and choral direction still widely revered and celebrated. This book charts GOT’s life from his birth in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, in 1917 to his sudden death at the age of just 61. It looks at his career as student, teacher, choirmaster, accompanist and, especially, celebrated recitalist, at home and abroad. Drawing heavily on primary source material, including family archives and photographs, the book is complemented and underpinned by the memories and reminiscences of relations, friends, colleagues, peers, and others. It includes many contemporary reviews of his performances, right from his early days as a teenage Fellow of the Royal College of Organists until his last masterly recitals. Appendices give details about Tristram’s recitals, broadcasts, and recordings, alongside specifications of the instruments at Christchurch Priory. The book also provides access to a selection of previously unreleased recordings made in the 1960s and early 1970s. Geoffrey Tristram: A Very British Organist, paints a rich picture of the man (husband, father, friend) and the musician, a player who had a significant influence on generations of organists and singers. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Stokowski and the Organ Rollin Smith, 2004 Leopold Stokowski began his career in England as an organist and choirmaster. This first major study of Stokowski's early years covers his education at the Royal College of Music, his church posts in London, and his three years spent as director of music at New York's prestigious St. Bartholomew's Church. An examination of the programs of his organ recitals (played on the third largest organ in America), a list of his repertoire, facsimiles of his original choral works, an analysis of his Aeolian player organ roll of Bach's Passacaglia, and a detailed study of his famous orchestral transcriptions of Bach's organ works, reveals a new and unique insight into Stokowski's unparalleled career in music. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Anton Heiller Peter Planyavsky, 2014 'Anton Heiller: organist, composer, conductor' provides an assessment of Heiller's works and teaching, while also examining his complex personality, one torn between strong religious devotion and the world of artistry. The narrative also offers a unique view of the organ world in the decades after World War II, featuring the important organs, builders, and organists across North America and Europe.--The rear cover. |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Johann Sebastian Bach , |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: Musical News , 1896 |
| bach toccata and fugue in d minor: The Afterlife of Bach's Organ Works Russell Stinson, 2023-10-20 The music of J. S. Bach continues to be revered and celebrated centuries after his death. Its timelessness can be attributed to masterful musical engineering combined with profound expressivity. In other words, Bach's unique art may represent the pinnacle of contrapuntal technique, but it is just as amazing for its depth of emotion. Bach's compositions remain an indispensable part of the classical-music canon today. The Afterlife of Bach's Organ Works explores the critical impact made on posterity by Bach's organ music. It concerns a diverse group of musicians and non-musicians alike--some famous, some forgotten--who in one way or another became champions of these compositions. These individuals performed the music; edited it for publication; promoted it by means of books, articles, and reviews; transcribed it for other media; taught it to their pupils; shared it with their family and friends; and incorporated it into the soundtracks of their motion pictures. They ensured its afterlife. In five chapters, organist and Bach expert Russell Stinson traces the historical afterlife of Bach's organ music from the early nineteenth century--the era of the so-called Bach revival--to the present day. Engagingly written and containing a wealth of information previously unavailable in English, the book is a history of performance practice, an aesthetic history of musical taste, and a social history. Each chapter tells the story of how and why Bach's organ works have stood the test of time. |
Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 - Wikipedia
The Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is a composition for organ by, according to the oldest sources, German composer Johann Sebastian Bach. It is one of the most widely …
Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D Minor - YouTube
Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D Minor (BWV 565) Click the 🔔bell to always be notified on new uploads! ♫ Listen on Apple Music Classical: http://apple.co/Rousseau ♫ Instagram:...
Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)
transcription toccata d minor for harmonica chromatic dedicated to Jean-Simon Taillefer my friend and my harmonica master. Purchase
J.S Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D Minor - Best Version
The most famous composition for organ ever written is J.S Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor BWV 565. It is performed by organist Karl Richter on the pipe o...
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565 - Encyclopedia Britannica
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565, two-part musical composition for organ, probably written before 1708, by Johann Sebastian Bach, known for its majestic sound, dramatic …
The Story Behind Classical Music’s Most Eerie Piece | KMUC
Oct 30, 2015 · Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Toccata and Fugue in D minor” is probably the single most prolific work in pipe organ repertoire, but for nearly a century after its composition, it …
Toccata and Fugue BWV 565 in D Minor - Musescore.com
May 14, 2024 · The Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is a piece of organ music attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach. It is one of the most famous works in the organ repertoire. The …
Bach Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 - Musopen
The Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is a piece for organ attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach. First published in 1833, the piece quickly became popular, later becoming one of the …
Bach: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565 : Professor Carol
May 13, 2015 · After 7:12, Bach brings back the toccata form as a “coda” to end the piece. Now watch the toccata and fugue performed on the organ.
J.S. Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D minor BWV 565 - YouTube
Johann Sebastian Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor BWV 565 played by organist Hans-André Stamm on the Trost-Organ of the Stadtkirche in Waltershausen, Germ...
Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 - Wikipedia
The Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is a composition for organ by, according to the oldest sources, German composer Johann Sebastian Bach. It is one of the most widely …
Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D Minor - YouTube
Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D Minor (BWV 565) Click the 🔔bell to always be notified on new uploads! ♫ Listen on Apple Music Classical: http://apple.co/Rousseau ♫ Instagram:...
Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)
transcription toccata d minor for harmonica chromatic dedicated to Jean-Simon Taillefer my friend and my harmonica master. Purchase
J.S Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D Minor - Best Version
The most famous composition for organ ever written is J.S Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor BWV 565. It is performed by organist Karl Richter on the pipe o...
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565 - Encyclopedia Britannica
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565, two-part musical composition for organ, probably written before 1708, by Johann Sebastian Bach, known for its majestic sound, dramatic …
The Story Behind Classical Music’s Most Eerie Piece | KMUC
Oct 30, 2015 · Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Toccata and Fugue in D minor” is probably the single most prolific work in pipe organ repertoire, but for nearly a century after its composition, it …
Toccata and Fugue BWV 565 in D Minor - Musescore.com
May 14, 2024 · The Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is a piece of organ music attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach. It is one of the most famous works in the organ repertoire. The …
Bach Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 - Musopen
The Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is a piece for organ attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach. First published in 1833, the piece quickly became popular, later becoming one of the …
Bach: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565 : Professor Carol
May 13, 2015 · After 7:12, Bach brings back the toccata form as a “coda” to end the piece. Now watch the toccata and fugue performed on the organ.
J.S. Bach - Toccata and Fugue in D minor BWV 565 - YouTube
Johann Sebastian Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor BWV 565 played by organist Hans-André Stamm on the Trost-Organ of the Stadtkirche in Waltershausen, Germ...
