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| alula ethiopia: Greater Tigray and the Mysterious Magnetism of Ethiopia Haggai Erlich, 2024-01-15 A history of the perennial struggle between Amhara and Tigray for hegemony in Ethiopia. |
| alula ethiopia: Peripheral People Dena Freeman, Alula Pankhurst, 2003 |
| alula ethiopia: Between the Jaws of Hyenas - A Diplomatic History of Ethiopia (1876-1896) Richard Caulk, 2002 With the publication of this book, the definitive work on the diplomatic history of Ethiopia in the last quarter of the nineteenth century could be said to have seen the light of day. The book deals with a crucial period when the destiny of Ethiopia hang in the balance. The question - as indeed it was the case for the rest of Africa - was whether the country was to remain independent or become colonized. Menilek, combining diplomatic and military initiatives, not only ensured that Ethiopia remained independent but also expanded its territory to unprecedented limits. The book is based on a critical reading of the secondary literature as well as an exhaustive and analytical use of all the pertinent archival sources, the memoirs and biographies of the principal European characters, and Ethiopian chronicles, biographies and other primary sources. It can serve as the standard text for teaching courses on Ethiopia and the Horn at the university level. At the same time, it provides a useful background to those interested in the formation of the modern Ethiopian state as well as its troubled relations with what eventually became Eritrea. |
| alula ethiopia: Peace Not War: Traditions of Restorative Justice in Imperial Ethiopia, 1769 - 1960 Charles Schaefer, 2025-05-27 Examines one of the few documented early examples of restorative justice from Africa or Latin America. With a writing system, Ethiopian emperors as well as pretenders to the throne chronicled their exploits including peace-building feats, and this book showcases and analyses historically verified instances, from as early as 1769, where restorative justice modalities were used to resolve conflict and bring peace to the country. Peace not War traces Ethiopia's evolving understanding of restorative justice from the 'forgive and forget' approach which characterized the Zemene Mesafint (Era of the Princes), where perpetrators were exonerated, allowing them to recoup and build their armies to fight another day, to conditional forgiveness, recorded by the imperial court and dependent on atonement. Ethiopia's long history of experimentation with different forms of restorative justice demonstrates ingenuity, flexibility, and adaptability, but as the twentieth century progressed, workable, indigenous forms of restorative justice were sidelined by Western codified law that emphasized retribution. |
| alula ethiopia: A History of Ethiopia Harold G. Marcus, 2023-11-15 In this eminently readable, concise history of Ethiopia, Harold Marcus surveys the evolution of the oldest African nation from prehistory to the present. For the updated edition, Marcus has written a new preface, two new chapters, and an epilogue, detailing the development and implications of Ethiopia as a Federal state and the war with Eritrea. In this eminently readable, concise history of Ethiopia, Harold Marcus surveys the evolution of the oldest African nation from prehistory to the present. For the updated edition, Marcus has written a new preface, two new chapters, and an epilogue, detaili |
| alula ethiopia: A History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855–1991 Bahru Zewde, 2002-03-17 Bounded by Sudan to the west and north, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the southeast, and Eritrea and Djibouti to the northeast, Ethiopia is a pivotal country in the geopolitics of the region. Yet it is important to understand this ancient and often splintered country in its own right. In A History of Modern Ethiopia, Bahru Zewde, one of Ethiopia’s leading historians, provides a compact and comprehensive history of his country, particularly the last two centuries. Of importance to historians, political scientists, journalists, and Africanists alike, Bahru’s A History of Modern Ethiopia, now with additional material taking it up to the last decade, will be the preeminent overview of present-day Ethiopia. |
| alula ethiopia: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia’s Tropical Mountains Jan Nyssen, Miro Jacob, Amaury Frankl, 2019-07-09 This book is based on over 150 scientific papers about the Dogu’a Tembien district in Ethiopia. To reach a broader public of people interested in geosites and human-environment interactions, the authors here add a geoguide about this mountain district in Ethiopia(13°30’ N, 39°10’ E; upto 2850 m high) which shows a varied lithology. A large team has carried out research in that district over the past 23 years, including long stays in the areas. Numerous viewpoints and geosites are only accessible on foot; hence the authors prepared the book as a trekking guide, which will enhance sustainable tourism in the same time. This edited work summarises the study results in the international literature into a comprehensive book, which comprises 35 thematic chapters, detailed description of 573 km of trekking routes to access the landscape and the most scenic excursion points, as well as the necessary logistical information. A state-of-the-art trekking map is included as a digital annex. |
| alula ethiopia: The Battle of Adwa Paulos Milkias, Getachew Metaferia, 2005 Ethiopia trounced the Italians in 1896 in the greatest African victory over Europe since Hannibal, but failed to prevent the loss of Eritrea. The event was a powerful constitutive force in the rise of modern Africa and pan-Africanism and resounds in the shared memory of Africans and Black Americans even today. |
| alula ethiopia: Lords of the Red Sea Anthony D'Avray, 1996 Habab polity was, within living memory, one of a lord (Shumagalle) and serf (Tigre) relationship. In the 1870s/1880s, the Habab were subjected to pressures from the strong characters ruling in the surrounding lands: Ras Alula in the Hamasien, the Mahdist Emir Osman Digna, Colonel Kitchener, Governor of the Anglo-Egyptian enclave of Suakin, and in Massaua the Egyptians and later the Italians. In 1887, the Kantibai of the Habab signed a treaty of Protection with the Italians. In the period from 1887 to 1895, the Habab, in a fraught process, had to come to terms with the European concept of sovereignty. Anthony D'Avray's work is primarily based on documents left by Italian administrators based at Nakfa in Eritrea in the late 19th century. They reported matters of current importance, and also the extensive oral traditions of the Habab and other peoples of the Red Sea coasts. Other primary sources, notably from the Public Record Office in London supplement the Nakfa documents. |
| alula ethiopia: Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia David H. Shinn, Thomas P. Ofcansky, 2013-04-11 The Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, Second Edition covers the history of Ethiopia through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has several hundred cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Ethiopia. |
| alula ethiopia: The Battle of Adwa Raymond Jonas, 2011-11-15 In 1896 a massive Ethiopian army routed an invading Italian force and brought Italy’s conquest of Africa to an end. In defending its independence, Ethiopia cast doubt on the assumption that all Africans would fall under the rule of Europeans, and opened a breach that would lead to the continent’s painful struggle for freedom from colonial rule. |
| alula ethiopia: The Stranger at the Feast Tom Boylston, 2018-01-12 At publication date, a free ebook version of this title will be available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. The Stranger at the Feast is a pathbreaking ethnographic study of one of the world’s oldest and least-understood religious traditions. Based on long-term ethnographic research on the Zege peninsula in northern Ethiopia, the author tells the story of how people have understood large-scale religious change by following local transformations in hospitality, ritual prohibition, and feeding practices. Ethiopia has undergone radical upheaval in the transition from the imperial era of Haile Selassie to the modern secular state, but the secularization of the state has been met with the widespread revival of popular religious practice. For Orthodox Christians in Zege, everything that matters about religion comes back to how one eats and fasts with others. Boylston shows how practices of feeding and avoidance have remained central even as their meaning and purpose has dramatically changed: from a means of marking class distinctions within Orthodox society, to a marker of the difference between Orthodox Christians and other religions within the contemporary Ethiopian state. |
| alula ethiopia: Understanding Ethiopia’s Tigray War Martin Plaut, Sarah Vaughan, 2023-02-16 The war in Ethiopia’s northern region of Tigray began in November 2020. It inflicted more casualties than any other contemporary conflict in the world. It has also been among the least understood. The fighting and accompanying blockade led to an estimated 600,000 deaths – more than the number who died in the 1984-5 famine. International journalists were banned as the region was sealed off from the outside world by Ethiopian and Eritrean governments prosecuting a strategy designed to crush Tigray at almost any cost. Hatred of Tigrayans was stoked by senior advisers to Ethiopia’s Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed: they have called Tigrayans ‘weeds’ who must be uprooted, their place in history extinguished. Their language was reminiscent of that which preceded the genocide in Rwanda. The war was also orchestrated by Eritrea’s President Isaias Afwerki, who came to wield increasing influence over Ethiopian affairs. It drew in Somali troops as well as Eritrean forces. Peace agreements signed in November 2022 ended the worst of the violence, but without resolving the war’s underlying drivers, which continue to feed a tense and uncertain situation. This book provides the first clear explanation of the factors that led to the conflict, unravelling their roots in Ethiopia’s long and complex history. It describes the battles that were fought at such terrible cost and the immense suffering, particularly of women, who were brutally abused. |
| alula ethiopia: A Military History of Africa Timothy J. Stapleton, 2013-10-21 A detailed and thorough chronological overview of the history of warfare and military structures in Africa, covering ancient times to the present day. A Military History of Africa achieves a daunting task: it synthesizes decades of specialized academic research and literature—including the most recent material—to offer an accessible survey of Africa's military history, from the earliest times to the present day. The first volume examines the precolonial period beginning with warfare in ancient North Africa including ancient Egypt and Carthage and continues through the cavalry-based Muslim empires of the trans-Sahara trade and the wars of the slave trade in West and East Africa. The second volume focuses on the wars of European colonial conquest and African resistance during the late 19th century, African participation in both world wars, and the early violent struggles for independence from the 1950s and early 1960s. The third volume explores warfare in postcolonial Africa, including coverage of the impact of the global Cold War, conflicts in Southern Africa from the 1960s to 1980s, the development of postcolonial African armed forces, and civil wars sparked by the discovery of precious resources, such as diamonds in Sierra Leone. Readers of this three-volume work will understand how warfare and military structures have been consistently central to the development of African societies. |
| alula ethiopia: Wit and Wisdom of Ethiopia , 1998 The book represents an endeavor to share with the outside world the wit and wisdom of Ethiopia which is too good to be kept bottled up in the native language of one land. Professor Negussay Ayele, who compiled, translated, and edited hundreds of these words of wisdom with Introduction and Annotations, is an a noted academic who has taught for more than twenty five years in Ethiopia and in the United States. INSIDE THE PAGES OF WIT AND WISDOM OF ETHIOPIAWith kids things are now serious, now frivolous.The center of the earth is where you are right now: if you doubt that, measure it.Trying to reach out for what was in the attic, she dropped what she had tucked in her armpit.The volume at hand ? is a modest effort to share with the outside world the wit and wisdom of Ethiopia, which is too good to be kept bottled up in the native language of one land.Now that Ethiopia is the original locus and habitat of the earliest homonids-homo afarensis/ramidus every human being is in effect an Ethiopian and can therefore proudly claim the heritage of Wit and Wisdom presented in this volume. |
| alula ethiopia: Anglo-Ethiopian Relations, 1869 to 1906 Krishnamurthy Venkat Ram, 2009 This book examines the dynamics of Anglo-Ethiopian relations covering the period from 1869 to 1906. It makes a comprehensive study of the factors that shaped the British policy in Ethiopia such as the British interests in the Red Sea and Egypt, and Ethiopian victory on Egypt and Italy in 1889 and 1896 respectively. The study also throws light on many questions of significance including the problem of underdevelopment in Ethiopia, the nature of foreign aid, neo-colonialism, the nature of relations between advanced and backward countries, and the importance of self-reliance and internal unity to preserve independence and achieve progress.--Publisher's description. |
| alula ethiopia: Dictionary of African Biography Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong, Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 2012-02-02 From the Pharaohs to Fanon, Dictionary of African Biography provides a comprehensive overview of the lives of the men and women who shaped Africa's history. Unprecedented in scale, DAB covers the whole continent from Tunisia to South Africa, from Sierra Leone to Somalia. It also encompasses the full scope of history from Queen Hatsheput of Egypt (1490-1468 BC) and Hannibal, the military commander and strategist of Carthage (243-183 BC), to Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana (1909-1972), Miriam Makeba and Nelson Mandela of South Africa (1918 -). |
| alula ethiopia: Encyclopedia of African Colonial Conflicts Timothy J. Stapleton, 2016-11-07 Two volumes introduce the history of colonial wars in Africa and illustrate why African countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Somalia, and Sudan continue to experience ethnic, political, and religious violence in the early 21st century. This sweeping study examines the wars of colonial conquest fought in Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries. From Britain's efforts to wrest control of the Sudan from military leader Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi, to Italy's decisive defeat at the Battle of Adowa in Ethiopia, to Leopold II's brutal reign over the Belgian Congo, the work surveys the devastation reaped upon the continent by colonization and illustrates how its combative influence continues to resonate in Africa today. Written by scholars in the fields of history and politics, this complete reference includes entries on wars, campaigns, rebellions, battles, leaders, and organizations. The work delves into key historical periods including the Scramble for Africa (ca.1880 to 1910); early European colonial wars in Africa, such as the Dutch in the Cape and the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique; and African rebellions against the early colonial state in the 1890s and early 1900s. Entries feature prominent events and personalities as well as lesser-known occurrences and players. |
| alula ethiopia: A Chronology of Menilek II of Ethiopia, 1844-1913, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1889-1913 Chris Prouty, 1976 |
| alula ethiopia: Ethiopia’s ‘Developmental State’ Tom Lavers, 2023-10-05 Ethiopia stands out as a leading example of state-led development in Africa. Tom Lavers offers in this book a comprehensive, multi-sector analysis of Ethiopia's development project, examining how regimes maintain power during the extended periods required to bring about economic transformation. Specifically, Lavers explores how the Ethiopian Peoples' Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF, 1991-2019) sought to maintain political order through economic transformation, and why the party collapsed, leading to the outbreak of civil war in 2020. The book argues that the EPRDF sought to secure mass acquiescence through distribution of land and employment. However, rapid population growth and the limits of industrial policy in the contemporary global economy led to a distributive crisis that was a central factor in the regime's collapse. This Ethiopian experience raises important questions about the prospects for economic transformation elsewhere on the continent. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core at doi.org/9781009428316. |
| alula ethiopia: Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia Christopher Clapham, 1990-10-25 This 1988 text traces the continuities between revolutionary Ethiopia and the development of a centralised Ethiopian state since the nineteenth century. |
| alula ethiopia: Gratitude in Low Voices Dawit Gebremichael Habte, 2017-04-18 “A candid, inspiring memoir of cultural and historical importance” from an Eritrean-Ethiopian War refugee (Michael Bloomberg). Dawit Gebremichael Habte fled his homeland of Eritrea as a teenager. In the midst of the ongoing Eritrean-Ethiopian war, Dawit and his sisters crossed illegally into Kenya. Without their parents or documents to help their passage, they experienced the abuse and neglect known by so many refugees around the world. But Dawit refused to give up. He stayed resilient and positive. Journeying to the United States under asylum—and still a boy—Dawit found a new purpose in an unfamiliar land. Against impossible odds, he studied hard and was accepted to Johns Hopkins University, eventually landing a job as a software engineer at Bloomberg. After a few years, with the support of Michael Bloomberg himself, Dawit returned to his homeland to offer business opportunities for other Eritreans. Dawit found a way to help his ancestral land emerge from thirty years of debilitating war. Gratitude in Low Voices is about how one man was marginalized, but how compassion and love never abandoned him. It’s about learning how to care for family, and how to honor those who help the helpless. This account reminds us that hope is not lost. “An inspiring memoir by Dawit Gebremichael Habte, who poignantly portrays his childhood in Africa and his struggles as a refugee to the United States . . . This book is a reaffirmation of the good that people can do and how one young man succeeded despite the odds against him.”—Foreword Reviews |
| alula ethiopia: Mahdist War Hourly History, 2020-05-11 Discover the remarkable history of the Mahdist War... Free BONUS Inside! The Mahdist War took place at the end of the nineteenth century between Sudanese rebels and their Egyptian colonizers. A religious leader claiming to be the Islamic Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad, raised an army and led a movement to guide not only Sudanese Muslims, but Muslims worldwide. He and the Mahdists envisioned a future in which they would live by the teachings of the Qur’an. However, larger global forces, especially those of global imperialism, would stand in their way. From the Mahdist grassroots movement to independence to reconquest, this is the story of the Mahdist War. Discover a plethora of topics such as Life under Egyptian Rule Muhammad Ahmad, the Mahdi British Entrenchment The Suakin Expedition The Reconquest of Sudan The End of the War And much more! Discover the Mahdist War, a major 19th-century conflict in Sudan between Islamic revolutionaries and British-Egyptian forces. Led by the self-proclaimed Mahdi, this war challenged imperial power and shaped regional history. Perfect for history enthusiasts and students of colonial-era conflicts. Get your copy today and explore the story of a dramatic and pivotal uprising! |
| alula ethiopia: Asian and African Studies meisai.org.il, |
| alula ethiopia: African Anthropologies Mwenda Ntarangwi, David Mills, Mustafa H. M. Babiker, 2006-05 Publisher Description |
| alula ethiopia: Proceedings of the Eight International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Taddese Beyene, 1988 |
| alula ethiopia: Italian National Identity in the Scramble for Africa Giuseppe Finaldi, 2009 Italy's First African War (1880-1896) pitted a young and ambitious European nation against the ancient Empire of Ethiopia. The Least of Europe's Great Powers rashly assailed Africa's most formidable military power. The outcome was humiliating defeat for Italy and the survival, uniquely for any African nation in the years of the European Scramble for that continent, of Ethiopian independence. Notwithstanding Italy's disastrous first experience in the colonial fray, this book argues that the impact of the war went well beyond the battlefields of the Ethiopian highlands and reached into the minds of the Italian people at home. Through a detailed and exhaustive study of Italian popular culture, this book asks how far the First African War impacted on the Italian nation-building project and how far Italians were themselves changed by undergoing the experience of war and defeat in East Africa. Finaldi argues, for the first time in historiography on the subject, that there was substantial support for and awareness of Italy's military campaign and that 'Empire', as has come to be regarded as fundamental in the histories of other European countries, needs to be brought firmly into the mainstream of Italian national history. This book is an essential contribution to debates on the relationship between European national identity and culture and imperialism in the late 19th century. |
| alula ethiopia: The Nile Yeworkwoha Ephrem, 2020-07-29 “When the well is dr y , we know the worth of water” Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), January 1746. “The frog does not drink up the pond in which he lives” Indian Pr overb Equitable apportionment and reasonable utilization and conservation of the available water resources is the main response to water scarcity of the twenty-first centur y . |
| alula ethiopia: The Nile Gebre Tsadik Degefu, 2003 The study focuses in particular on the Nile Basin, which has 10 riparian states sharing the waters of the Nile. As water scarcity and population is the #1 problem of the 21st century, a fair and equitable distribution of the available waters among the riparian states is a must. The book is divided into 4 parts: Diplomatic, History, Legal Analysis and developmental analysis. |
| alula ethiopia: Rediscovering the Red Sea's Historical Significance Haggai Erlich, 2024-10-03 This volume is a comprehensive historical exploration of the Red Sea, a vital maritime route that connects the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. It highlights various pivotal moments and struggles from Aden to Suez, including the conflicts between Islamic powers and European imperialism over the route to India, ultimately leading to Western domination of the oceans. It highlights that the sea remains a theater of global strategy and a site of international trade and security struggles. The book integrates and summarizes relevant studies on the Arab Middle East, Ethiopia, and the Horn of Africa. From biblical times and the medieval struggles for global dominance to the current era of intense international competition along the maritime corridor known as the Silk Road, it explores this enigmatic waterway. The book illuminates the significance and future importance of the sea's history. It is essential for all researchers interested in maritime borders and Ethiopian and Arab history. |
| alula ethiopia: Integration and Peace in East Africa T. Etefa, 2012-04-09 This book analyzes the development of indigenous religious, commercial, and political institutions among the Oromo mainly during the relatively peaceful two centuries in its history, from 1704 to 1882. The largest ethnic group in East Africa, the Oromo promoted peace, cultural assimilation, and ethnic integration. |
| alula ethiopia: Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1991 Teferra Haile-Selassie, 2013-12-19 First published in 1997. Ethiopia, the only country in Africa to survive the nineteenth-century European scramble for the continent, has a long, unique, and complex history. This stretches back over three million years to Lucy, or as the Ethiopians call her Dinkenesh, the earliest known ancestor of the human race, to the political turmoil of late twentieth-century Africa. Teferra Haile-Selassie writes partly as a historian, but also, and perhaps more importantly, as a sincere and sensitive observer, who lived through the later historical events which he describes, and indeed played a notable role in several of them. |
| alula ethiopia: Legal Pluralism in Ethiopia Susanne Epple, Getachew Assefa, 2020-07-30 Being a home to more than 80 ethnic groups, Ethiopia has to balance normative diversity with efforts to implement state law across its territory. This volume explores the co-existence of state, customary, and religious legal forums from the perspective of legal practitioners and local justice seekers. It shows how the various stakeholders' use of negotiation, and their strategic application of law can lead to unwanted confusion, but also to sustainable conflict resolution, innovative new procedures and hybrid norms. The book thus generates important knowledge on the conditions necessary for stimulating a cooperative co-existence of different legal systems. |
| alula ethiopia: Bibliographia Aethiopica II Hans Wilhelm Lockot, 1998 Erstmals wird hier die Fulle der englischsprachigen Athiopienliteratur geordnet dargeboten. In 100 Sections fuhrt der Autor alle fur die wissenschaftliche Beschaftigung mit Athiopien wichtigen Buch- und Zeitschriftenbeitrage zum Beispiel zur Historyof Research, Archaeology, Religion, aber auch Fragen der Sociology, Agriculture, Zoology und Medical Sciences auf. Wie im Falle der deutschsprachigen Literatur (Bibliographia Aethiopica: Die athiopienkundliche Literatur des deutschsprachigenRaumes = Aethiopistische Forschungen 9 [1982]) berucksichtigt der Autor auch alle ihm zuganglichen Besprechungen, womit bei einer Aufnahme von mehr als 24.000 Titeln eine Art Bibliographic Enzyclopedia entstanden ist. |
| alula ethiopia: Honour in African History John Iliffe, 2005 This is the first published account of the role played by ideas of honour in African history from the fourteenth century to the present day. It argues that appreciation of these ideas is essential to an understanding of past and present African behaviour. Before European conquest, many African men cultivated heroic honour, others admired the civic virtues of the patriarchal householder, and women honoured one another for industry, endurance, and devotion to their families. These values both conflicted and blended with Islamic and Christian teachings. Colonial conquest fragmented heroic cultures, but inherited ideas of honour found new expression in regimental loyalty, respectability, professionalism, working-class masculinity, the changing gender relationships of the colonial order, and the nationalist movements which overthrew that order. Today, the same inherited notions obstruct democracy, inspire resistance to tyranny, and motivate the defence of dignity in the face of AIDS. |
| alula ethiopia: Ras Alula and the Scramble for Africa : a Political Biography Haggai Erlich, 1996 |
| alula ethiopia: Journal of Ethiopian Studies , 2008 |
| alula ethiopia: Assessment of Government and NGOs Joint Efforts and Role in Drought Mitigation Program. The Case of East Guji Zone Drought Vulnerable Areas Mengesha Robso, 2021-03-23 Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 2, , course: Ethiopian History, language: English, abstract: The focus of this paper is to examine the responses of NGOs and governmental bodies joint efforts in drought mitigation programs of southern Ethiopia, East Guji Oromo drought vulnerable areas in the 20th century. The manuscript also explores the role of thus bodies and the perceptions of local communities towards those organization intervention extents and ways of assistance to occurred hardships. Likewise, the article also tries to look, assess and well exhibit a well-known and still active NGOs in the area and their individual paramount participation, efforts and roles in the drought vulnerable areas of East Guji Zone, and types of aid, assistance, donation and empowering of the vulnerable communities; joint works with governmental organizations like RRC or DPPC and others in crisis anticipation, intervention and rehabilitation activities. Like other African countries, Ethiopians have a tradition of helping and supporting mean in times of difficulties or normal times through religious and community based organizations or civil society’s institutions for long periods of time. Some of those Ethiopian traditional self-help associations are, Idr, Mahibar, Equb, Dabo and others. Thus traditional self -help institutions and religious organizations have played a great role by leading a good ground for the introduction of local and international NGOs, modern financing systems like:-banking and macro and micro financial enterprises, and by facilitating Ethiopia’s development and growth. As an example, equb is considered as an effective traditional saving association. Members contribute a certain amount of money usually every month and they give priorities for poor and the needy members to take the first collected money. |
| alula ethiopia: Gender and Peacebuilding Maureen P. Flaherty, Thomas G. Matyók, Sean Byrne, Hamdesa Tuso, 2015-10-16 Along with provocative theoretical and critical analyses of gender in Peace and Conflict Studies, this book shares concrete examples of peacebuilding work by women from various corners of the world book and highlights the need for a gendered lens in peacebuilding work |
| alula ethiopia: Inequalities and Conflicts in Modern and Contemporary African History Jan Záhorík, 2018-11-16 This book examines historical legacies and contexts of inequalities and conflicts in Africa. The book argues that we must study conflicts, inequalities, and other social, economic, and political imbalances in broad global and historical contexts. |
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