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| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Agnotology Robert Proctor, Londa Schiebinger, Londa L. Schiebinger, 2008 This volume emerged from workshops held at Pennsylvania State University in 2003 and Stanford University in 2005--P. vii. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Golden Holocaust Robert Proctor, 2011 “The great cause of global health is in Robert Proctor’s debt. Golden Holocaust is a model of impassioned scholarly research and advocacy. As Proctor so powerfully demonstrates, the time has come to hold the tobacco industry accountable for the massive disease, debility, and death that they produce around the world.”--Allan M. Brandt, author of The Cigarette Century Robert Proctor unpacks the sad history of an industrial fraud. His tightly reasoned exploration touches on all topics on which the tobacco makers lied repeatedly to Congress and the public.--Don Kennedy, President Emeritus, Stanford University and former Editor, Science This book is a remarkable compendium of evil. It will keep you spinning from page one through the last with a detailed description of how one of the most notorious industries in American history deceived and manipulated the public, the politicians, and the scientific community into allowing an age-old toxin to be breathed directly into the lungs of millions of Americans. It is the type of book that makes you wonder how, in God’s name, this could have happened?-David Rosner, author of Deceit and Denial Proctor powerfully documents how a small number of tobacco companies caused a tragic, global epidemic. His account of this history and of the 'lessons learned' is relevant to the ongoing effort to end the tobacco epidemic and to efforts to control emerging pandemics of non-communicable diseases. --Jonathan M. Samet, M.D., M.S., Director, Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California “Proctor weaves together the public historical record with inside details and insights from thousands of once secret industry documents. Anyone who cares about health, deception, science or politics will learn something new from this book.”-Stanton A. Glantz, Professor of Medicine, UC San Francisco, and author of The Cigarette Papers A powerful indictment of the world's deadliest industry-John R. Seffrin, PhD, Chief Executive Officer, American Cancer Society By carefully analyzing formerly secret industry documents, Proctor has shown how cigarette manufacturers knew that the filters on virtually all cigarettes sold today are utterly fraudulent. His call for a ban is likely to change how we think about such devices; this excellent book is a must read for tobacco control and environmental activists alike.--Thomas E. Novotny, MD MPH, Former US Assistant Surgeon General and CEO, Cigarette Butt Pollution Project. Scholarly yet eminently readable, indeed gripping, this book asks us to consider what the end game for tobacco might look like. A must-read for policy makers and public health officials, and for anyone struggling against the tobacco industry in the field.--Professor Judith Mackay, Senior Advisor, World Lung Foundation, Hong Kong, China SAR The machine-rolled cigarette is the single most deadly consumer product ever made. Proctor's powerful, witty, and wide-ranging book shows how we came to accept as normal the promotion and use of products that have caused a global epidemic of disease and death. But more importantly, he outlines a way to end this grim chapter in human history.--Ruth E. Malone, RN, PhD, FAAN, Editor, Tobacco Control “This is the most important book on smoking in fifty years. Proctor’s unique mix of scholarship, readability, wit and political understanding tells a no-holds-barred story with conclusions that governments cannot afford to ignore. It will change the course of public health history.”--Professor Mike Daube, President, Australian Council on Smoking and Health Proctor draws masterfully from a vast archive of documents wrested from the industry, including many never before discussed, and mounts an unforgettable case about what the tobacco industry has done and what we must do about it. This is the book to help us understand what we must do to save lives.--Peter Galison, author of Einstein's Clocks, Poincaré’s Maps Golden Holocaust will stand indelibly as a landmark in the field of medicine and the history of science. It is a monument of committed scholarship and cool passion, making brilliant use of the new technics of data-mining to reveal a terrible calculus, while giving the lie to claims that advocacy must be the enemy of objectivity. Lives, far too many lives, depend on what this book contains.--Iain Boal, Birkbeck College, London and Guggenheim Fellow in Science and Technology Robert Proctor draws an unvarnished conclusion: that the tobacco industry, and the men who led it, were evil, plain and simple. They knowingly sold a product that, when used as intended, killed people. And then they conspired to suppress the evidence. Not everyone will agree with Proctor, but anyone interested in the intertwined issues of science and health, and culture and commerce, needs to read this book.--Naomi Oreskes, coauthor of Merchants of Doubt “Robert Proctor lays bare the deliberate choices made by the tobacco companies to addict their customers and cause premature death. Here is clarity to the unprecedented scientific fraud perpetrated by the tobacco industry.”--William A. Farone, Ph.D. Chairman, Applied Power Concepts, Inc. (formerly Director of Scientific Research for Philip Morris USA, 1977-1984). |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Ignorance Stuart Firestein, 2012-04-23 Contrary to the popular view of science as a mountainous accumulation of facts and data, Stuart Firestein takes the novel perspective that ignorance is the main product and driving force of science, and that this is the best way to understand the process of scientific discovery. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Miseducation A. J. Angulo, 2016-04 By investigating how laws, myths, national aspirations, and global relations have recast and, at times, distorted the key purposes of education, this pathbreaking book sheds light on the role of ignorance in shaping ideas, public opinion, and policy.--Robert N. Proctor, author of Golden Holocaust: Origins of the Cigarette Catastrophe and the Case for Abolition Historical Studies in Education/Revue d'histoire de l'éducation |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Race and Epistemologies of Ignorance Shannon Sullivan, Nancy Tuana, 2012-02-01 Offering a wide variety of philosophical approaches to the neglected philosophical problem of ignorance, this groundbreaking collection builds on Charles Mills's claim that racism involves an inverted epistemology, an epistemology of ignorance. Contributors explore how different forms of ignorance linked to race are produced and sustained and what role they play in promoting racism and white privilege. They argue that the ignorance that underpins racism is not a simple gap in knowledge, the accidental result of an epistemological oversight. In the case of racial oppression, ignorance often is actively produced for purposes of domination and exploitation. But as these essays demonstrate, ignorance is not simply a tool of oppression wielded by the powerful. It can also be a strategy for survival, an important tool for people of color to wield against white privilege and white supremacy. The book concludes that understanding ignorance and the politics of such ignorance should be a key element of epistemological and social/political analyses, for it has the potential to reveal the role of power in the construction of what is known and provide a lens for the political values at work in knowledge practices. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Unknowers Linsey McGoey, 2019-09-15 Deliberate ignorance has been known as the ‘Ostrich Instruction’ in law courts since the 1860s. It illustrates a recurring pattern in history in which figureheads for major companies, political leaders and industry bigwigs plead ignorance to avoid culpability. So why do so many figures at the top still get away with it when disasters on their watch damage so many people’s lives? Does the idea that knowledge is power still apply in today’s post-truth world? A bold, wide-ranging exploration of the relationship between ignorance and power in the modern age, from debates over colonial power and economic rent-seeking in the 18th and 19th centuries to the legal defences of today, The Unknowers shows that strategic ignorance has not only long been an inherent part of modern power and big business, but also that true power lies in the ability to convince others of where the boundary between ignorance and knowledge lies. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Triumph of Doubt David Michaels, 2020 Opioids. Concussions. Obesity. Climate change. America is a country of everyday crises -- big, long-spanning problems that persist, mostly unregulated, despite their toll on the country's health and vitality. And for every case of government inaction on one of these issues, there is a set of familiar, doubtful refrains: The science is unclear. The data is inconclusive. Regulation is unjustified. It's a slippery slope. Is it? The Triumph of Doubt traces the ascendance of science-for-hire in American life and government, from its origins in the tobacco industry in the 1950s to its current manifestations across government, public policy, and even professional sports. Well-heeled American corporations have long had a financial stake in undermining scientific consensus and manufacturing uncertainty; in The Triumph of Doubt, former Obama and Clinton official David Michaels details how bad science becomes public policy -- and where it's happening today. Amid fraught conversations of alternative facts and truth decay, The Triumph of Doubt wields its unprecedented access to shine a light on the machinations and scope of manipulated science in American society. It is an urgent, revelatory work, one that promises to reorient conversations around science and the public good for the foreseeable future. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Ignorance Robert Graef, 2017-12-12 Sums up the many fields of study where ignorance can undermine our understanding, while showing how an awareness of ignorance can lead to exploration and the discovery of new knowledge. The flip side of knowledge is ignorance. This book explores the vast scope of ignorance, even in an age when we think we know more than ever before. By marking off this ocean of ignorance into manageable categories, the author provides a kind of navigational chart to the unknown, and a series of red flags to all those who claim certitude. The book first lays out the many branches of ignorance--in education, the media, politics, religion, science, and other major institutions. It then assesses the costs and consequences of that ignorance. World conflicts, endemic poverty, environmental damage, waste, racism, and the manipulative forces of industry and politics that use propaganda to manipulate the public may all be seen as rooted in ignorance. But there are positive aspects of ignorance as well. Scientists and artists, by recognizing what they don't know, are spurred on to new creative approaches and discoveries, which would never be found by those too comfortable with the tried and true. The author cites Socrates, whom the Delphic Oracle declared to be the wisest of all people simply because he realized how much he didn't know. This book gives you ways to follow in the path that Socrates forged, to counter the closed minds whose false sense of certainty cannot help but distort reality, and to be better prepared to take on even the most serious challenges of today. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Gendered Innovations in Science and Engineering Londa L. Schiebinger, 2008 This volume, which includes essays by women scientists, reseachers, journalists, and administrators, investigates how gender analysis can spark creativity in science and engineering. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Keywords in Radical Geography The Antipode Editorial Collective, 2019-06-10 The online version of Keywords in Radical Geography: Antipode at 50 is free to download here. Alternatively, print copies can be purchased for just GB£7 / US$10 here. ******************************************************************************** To celebrate Antipode’s 50th anniversary, we’ve brought together 50 short keyword essays by a range of scholars at varying career stages who all, in some way, have some kind of affinity with Antipode’s radical geographical project. The entries in this volume are diverse, eclectic, and to an extent random, however they all speak to our discipline’s past, present and future in exciting and suggestive ways Contributors have taken unusual or novel terms, concepts or sets of ideas important to their research, and their essays discuss them in relation to radical and critical geography’s histories, current condition and possible future directions This fractal, playful and provocative intervention in the field stands as a fitting testimony to the role that Antipode has played in the generation of radical geographical engagement with the world |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Who Is Man? Abraham Joshua Heschel, 1965 One of the worlds most illustrious and influential theologians here confronts one of the crucial philosophical and religious questions of our time: the nature and role of man. In these three lectures, originally delivered in somewhat different form as The Raymond Fred West Memorial Lectures at Stanford University in May 1963, Dr. Heschel inquires into the logic of being human: What is meant by being human? What are the grounds on which to justify a human beings claim to being human? In the authors words, We have never been as openmouthed and inquisitive, never as astonished and embarrassed at our ignorance about man. We know what he makes, but we do not konw wha he is or what to expect of him. Is it not conceivable that our entire civilization is built upon a minsinterpretation of man? Or that the tragedy of man is due to the fact that he is a being who has forgotten the question: Who is Man? The failure to identify himself, to know what is authentic human existence, leads him to assume a false identity, to pretending to be what he is unable to be or to not accepting what is at the very root of his being. Ignorance about man is not lack of knowledge, but false knowledge. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Plants and Empire Londa Schiebinger, 2009-07-01 In the 18th century, bioprospectors sponsored by European imperial powers brought back medicines, luxuries, and staples from the New World to their king and country. This book explores the movement, triumph, and extinction of knowledge in the course of encounters between Europeans and the Caribbean populations. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Deliberate Ignorance Ralph Hertwig, Christoph Engel, 2021-03-02 Psychologists, economists, historians, computer scientists, sociologists, philosophers, and legal scholars explore the conscious choice not to seek information. The history of intellectual thought abounds with claims that knowledge is valued and sought, yet individuals and groups often choose not to know. We call the conscious choice not to seek or use knowledge (or information) deliberate ignorance. When is this a virtue, when is it a vice, and what can be learned from formally modeling the underlying motives? On which normative grounds can it be judged? Which institutional interventions can promote or prevent it? In this book, psychologists, economists, historians, computer scientists, sociologists, philosophers, and legal scholars explore the scope of deliberate ignorance. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Epistemology of Resistance José Medina, 2013 This book explores the epistemic side of racial and sexual oppression. It elucidates how social insensitivities and imposed silences prevent members of different groups from listening to each other. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments David Scaradozzi, Lorenzo Guasti, Margherita Di Stasio, Beatrice Miotti, Andrea Monteriù, Paulo Blikstein, 2021-12-10 This open access book contains observations, outlines, and analyses of educational robotics methodologies and activities, and developments in the field of educational robotics emerging from the findings presented at FabLearn Italy 2019, the international conference that brought together researchers, teachers, educators and practitioners to discuss the principles of Making and educational robotics in formal, non-formal and informal education. The editors’ analysis of these extended versions of papers presented at FabLearn Italy 2019 highlight the latest findings on learning models based on Making and educational robotics. The authors investigate how innovative educational tools and methodologies can support a novel, more effective and more inclusive learner-centered approach to education. The following key topics are the focus of discussion: Makerspaces and Fab Labs in schools, a maker approach to teaching and learning; laboratory teaching and the maker approach, models, methods and instruments; curricular and non-curricular robotics in formal, non-formal and informal education; social and assistive robotics in education; the effect of innovative spaces and learning environments on the innovation of teaching, good practices and pilot projects. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Extraction State Charles Blanchard, 2021-01-12 The history of the United States of America is also the history of the energy sector. Natural gas provides the fuel that allows us to heat our homes in winter and cool them in summer with the touch of a button or turn of a dial—when the industry runs smoothly. From the oil crisis of the 1970s to the fall of Enron and the California electricity crisis at the turn of the century to contemporary issues of hydraulic fracking, poorly conceived government policies have sometimes left us shivering, stranded, or with significantly lighter wallets. In this expansive narrative, Charles Blanchard traces the rise of natural gas and the regulatory missteps that nearly ruined the market. Beginning in the 1880s, The Extraction State explains how the New Deal regulatory compact came together in the 1920s, even before the Great Depression, and how it fell apart in the 1970s. From there, the book dissects the policies that affect us today, and explores where we might be headed in the near future. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Value-free Science? Robert Proctor, 1991 Proctor lucidly demonstrates how value-neutrality is a reaction to larger political developments, including the use of science by government and industry, the specialization of professional disciplines, and the efforts to stifle intellectual freedoms or to politicize the world of the academy. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Anthropology of Ignorance C. High, A. Kelly, J. Mair, 2012-03-27 The question of ignorance occupies a central place in anthropological theory and practice. This volume argues that the concept of ignorance has largely been pursued as the opposite of knowledge or even its obverse. Though they cover wide empirical ground - from clients of a fertility treatment center in New York to families grappling with suicide in Greenland - contributors share a commitment to understanding the concept as a productive, social practice. Ultimately, The Anthropology of Ignorance asks whether an academic commitment to knowledge can be squared with lived significance of ignorance and how taking it seriously might alter anthropological research practices. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Managing the Unknown Frank Uekötter, Uwe Lübken, 2014-03-01 Information is crucial when it comes to the management of resources. But what if knowledge is incomplete, or biased, or otherwise deficient? How did people define patterns of proper use in the absence of cognitive certainty? Discussing this challenge for a diverse set of resources from fish to rubber, these essays show that deficient knowledge is a far more pervasive challenge in resource history than conventional readings suggest. Furthermore, environmental ignorance does not inevitably shrink with the march of scientific progress: these essays suggest more of a dialectical relationship between knowledge and ignorance that has different shapes and trajectories. With its combination of empirical case studies and theoretical reflection, the essays make a significant contribution to the interdisciplinary debate on the production and resilience of ignorance. At the same time, this volume combines insights from different continents as well as the seas in between and thus sketches outlines of an emerging global resource history. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Ignorance, Power and Harm Alana Barton, Howard Davis, 2018-10-15 This book discusses the concept of 'agnosis' and its significance for criminology through a series of case studies, contributing to the expansion of the criminological imagination. Agnotology – the study of the cultural production of ignorance, has primarily been proposed as an analytical tool in the fields of science and medicine. However, this book argues that it has significant resonance for criminology and the social sciences given that ignorance is a crucial means through which public acceptance of serious and sometimes mass harms is achieved. The editors argue that this phenomenon requires a systematic inquiry into ignorance as an area of criminological study in its own right. Through case studies on topics such as migrant detention, historical institutionalised child abuse, imprisonment, environmental harm and financial collapse, this book examines the construction of ignorance, and the power dynamics that facilitate and shape that construction in a range of different contexts. Furthermore, this book addresses the relationship between ignorance and the achievement of ‘manufactured consent’ to political and cultural hegemony, acquiescence in its harmful consequences and the deflection of responsibility for them. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Justice in the Age of Agnosis James Gacek, Richard Jochelson, 2024-05-18 This book seeks to further the understanding of the human experience of coerced and forced ignorance on social, human rights and criminal justice related topics, drawing together scholars from multiple, disciplinary fronts. It argues that people in our social world are forced or coerced through either implicatory or interpretive denial that is normalized through specific cultural and social mechanisms by which we refer to this as non-knowledge or agnosis. There has also been a lack of scholarship which examines how human victimization and power intersects by and through the systematic orchestration of forced ignorance and doubt upon daily human life. This book's focus is an examination of the ways in which people find themselves in social spaces without empirical clarity and understand that absence as satisfaction, stability, or perhaps even pleasure. It discusses a range of topics, including for example people's sense of relative safety, despite empirical realities suggesting otherwise. This book seeks to make visible the role of ignorance in governing society, highlighting how the late modern human experience in a post-World War II human rights era subsumes, subverts, and sublimates the complex relationship between knowledge and denial; the empirical gulf between knowledge and resistance may indeed breed complicit bliss. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: An Introduction to the Sociology of Ignorance Linsey McGoey, 2016-01-08 Ignorance is typically thought of as the absence or opposite of knowledge. In global societies that equate knowledge with power, ignorance is seen as a liability that can and should be overcome through increased education and access to information. In recent years, scholars from the social sciences, natural sciences and humanities have challenged this assumption, and have explored the ways in which ignorance can serve as a vital resource – perhaps the most vital resource – in social and political life. In this seminal volume, leading theorists of ignorance from anthropology, sociology and legal studies explore the productive role of ignorance in maintaining and destabilizing political regimes, entrenching corporate power, and shaping policy developments in climate science, global health, and global economic governance. From debates over death tolls during the war in Iraq, to the root causes of the global financial crisis, to poverty reduction strategies at the World Bank, contributors shed light on the unexpected ways that ignorance is actively harnessed by both the powerful and the marginalized in order to achieve different objectives. This eye-opening volume suggests that to understand power today, we must enrich our understanding of ignorance. This book was originally published as a special issue of Economy and Society. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Groupthink in Science David M. Allen, James W. Howell, 2020-05-22 This book discusses one of the hottest topics in science today, i.e., the concern over certain problematic practices within the scientific enterprise. It raises questions and, more importantly, begins to supply answers about one particularly widespread phenomenon that sometimes impedes scientific progress: group processes. The book looks at many problematic manifestations of “going along with the crowd” that are adopted at the expense of truth. Closely related is the concept of pathological altruism or altruism bias—the tendency of scientists to bias their research in order to further the ideological or financial interests of an “in-group” at the expense of both the interest of other groups as well as the truth. The book challenges the widespread notion that science is invariably a benevolent, benign process. It defines the scientific enterprise, in practice as opposed to in theory, as a cultural system designed to produce factual knowledge. In effect, the book offers a broad and unique take on an important and incompletely explored subject: research and academic discourse that sacrifices scientific objectivity, and perhaps even the scientist’s own ethical standards, in order to further the goals of a particular group of researchers or reinforce their shared belief system or their own interests, whether economic, ideological, or bureaucratic. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Towards a Liberatory Epistemology Deborah K. Heikes, 2019-05-06 This book offers a compelling examination of our moral and epistemic obligations to be reasonable people who seek to understand the social reality of those who are different from us. Considering the oppressive aspects of socially constructed ignorance, Heikes argues that ignorance produces both injustice and epistemic repression, before going on to explore how our moral and epistemic obligations to be understanding and reasonable can overcome the negative effects of ignorance. Through the combination of three separate areas of philosophical interest- ignorance, understanding, and reasonableness- Heikes seeks to find a way to correct for epistemological and moral injustices, satisfying needs in feminist theory and critical race theory for an epistemology that offers hope of overcoming the ethical problem of oppression. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Politics of Knowledge Patrick Baert, Fernando Domínguez Rubio, 2013-03-01 Social scientists often refer to contemporary advanced societies as ‘knowledge societies’, which indicates the extent to which ‘science’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘knowledge production’ have become fundamental phenomena in Western societies and central concerns for the social sciences. This book aims to investigate the political dimension of this production and validation of knowledge. In studying the relationship between knowledge and politics, this book provides a novel perspective on current debates about ‘knowledge societies’, and offers an interdisciplinary agenda for future research. It addresses four fundamental aspects of the relation between knowledge and politics: • the ways in which the nature of the knowledge we produce affects the nature of political activity • how the production of knowledge calls into question fundamental political categories • how the production of knowledge is governed and managed • how the new technologies of knowledge produce new forms of political action. This book will be of interest to students of sociology, political science, cultural studies and science and technology studies. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Disknowledge Katherine Eggert, 2015-10-02 Disknowledge: knowing something isn't true, but believing it anyway. In Disknowledge: Literature, Alchemy, and the End of Humanism in Renaissance England, Katherine Eggert explores the crumbling state of learning in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Even as the shortcomings of Renaissance humanism became plain to see, many intellectuals of the age had little choice but to treat their familiar knowledge systems as though they still held. Humanism thus came to share the status of alchemy: a way of thinking simultaneously productive and suspect, reasonable and wrongheaded. Eggert argues that English writers used alchemy to signal how to avoid or camouflage pressing but discomfiting topics in an age of rapid intellectual change. Disknowledge describes how John Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, John Dee, Christopher Marlowe, William Harvey, Helkiah Crooke, Edmund Spenser, and William Shakespeare used alchemical imagery, rhetoric, and habits of thought to shunt aside three difficult questions: how theories of matter shared their physics with Roman Catholic transubstantiation; how Christian Hermeticism depended on Jewish Kabbalah; and how new anatomical learning acknowledged women's role in human reproduction. Disknowledge further shows how Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and Margaret Cavendish used the language of alchemy to castigate humanism for its blind spots and to invent a new, posthumanist mode of knowledge: writing fiction. Covering a wide range of authors and topics, Disknowledge is the first book to analyze how English Renaissance literature employed alchemy to probe the nature and limits of learning. The concept of disknowledge—willfully adhering to something we know is wrong—resonates across literary and cultural studies as an urgent issue of our own era. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Regimes of Ignorance Roy Dilley, Thomas G. Kirsch, 2017-10 Non-knowledge should not be simply regarded as the opposite of knowledge, but as complementary to it: each derives its character and meaning from the other and from their interaction. Knowledge does not colonize the space of ignorance in the progressive march of science; rather, knowledge and ignorance are mutually shaped in social and political domains of partial, shifting, and temporal relationships. This volume’s ethnographic analyses provide a theoretical frame through which to consider the production and reproduction of ignorance, non-knowledge, and secrecy, as well as the wider implications these ideas have for anthropology and related disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Nazi War on Cancer Robert Proctor, 2024-05-14 A troubling account of how good science can come from an evil regime Collaboration in the Holocaust. Murderous and torturous medical experiments. The euthanasia of hundreds of thousands of people with mental or physical disabilities. Widespread sterilization of the unfit. Nazi doctors committed these and countless other atrocities as part of Hitler's warped quest to create a German master race. Robert Proctor recently made the explosive discovery, however, that Nazi Germany was also decades ahead of other countries in promoting health reforms that we today regard as progressive and socially responsible. Most startling, Nazi scientists were the first to definitively link lung cancer and cigarette smoking. Proctor explores the controversial and troubling questions that such findings raise: Were the Nazis more complex morally than we thought? Can good science come from an evil regime? What might this reveal about health activism in our own society? Proctor argues that we must view Hitler's Germany more subtly than we have in the past. But he also concludes that the Nazis' forward-looking health activism ultimately came from the same twisted root as their medical crimes: the ideal of a sanitary racial utopia reserved exclusively for pure and healthy Germans. Author of an earlier groundbreaking work on Nazi medical horrors, Proctor began this book after discovering documents showing that the Nazis conducted the most aggressive antismoking campaign in modern history. Further research revealed that Hitler's government passed a wide range of public health measures, including restrictions on asbestos, radiation, pesticides, and food dyes. Nazi health officials introduced strict occupational health and safety standards, and promoted such foods as whole-grain bread and soybeans. These policies went hand in hand with health propaganda that, for example, idealized the Führer's body and his nonsmoking, vegetarian lifestyle. Proctor shows that cancer also became an important social metaphor, as the Nazis portrayed Jews and other enemies of the Volk as tumors that must be eliminated from the German body politic. This is a disturbing and profoundly important book. It is only by appreciating the connections between the normal and the monstrous aspects of Nazi science and policy, Proctor reveals, that we can fully understand not just the horror of fascism, but also its deep and seductive appeal even to otherwise right-thinking Germans. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Ignorance and Uncertainty Michael Smithson, 2012-12-06 Ignorance and Uncertainty overviews a variety of approaches to the problem of indeterminacies in human thought and behavior. This book examines, in depth, trends in the psychology of judgment and decision-making under uncertainty or ignorance. Research from the fields of cognitive psychology, social psychology, organizational studies, sociology, and social anthroplogy are reviewed here in anticipation of what Dr. Smithson characterizes as the beginning of a creative dialogue between these researchers. Ignorance and Uncertainty offers the conceptual framework for understanding the paradigms associated with current research. It discusses the ways in which attitudes toward ignorance and uncertainty are changing, and addresses issues previously ignored. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Female Turn Malin Ah-King, 2023-01-04 This book traces the history of how evolutionary biology transformed its understanding of females from being coy, reserved and sexually passive, to having active sexual strategies and often mating with multiple males. Why did it take so long to discover female active sexual strategies? What prevented some researchers from engaging in sexually active females, and what prompted others to develop this new knowledge? The Female Turn provides a global overview of shifting perceptions about females in sexual selection research on a wide range of animals, from invertebrates to primates. Evolutionary biologist and feminist science scholar Malin Ah-King explores this history from a unique interdisciplinary vantage point. Based on extensive knowledge of the scientific literature on sexual selection and in-depth interviews with leading researchers, pioneers and feminist scientists in the field, her analysis engages with key theoretical approaches in gender studies of science. Analyzing the researchers’ scientific interests, theoretical frameworks, specific study animals, technological innovations, methodologies and sometimes feminist insights, reveals how these have shaped conclusions drawn about sex. Thereby, The Female Turn shows how certain researchers gained knowledge about active females whereas others missed, ignored or delayed it – that is, how ignorance was produced. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Routledge International Handbook of Ignorance Studies Matthias Gross, Linsey McGoey, 2015-05-15 Once treated as the absence of knowledge, ignorance today has become a highly influential topic in its own right, commanding growing attention across the natural and social sciences where a wide range of scholars have begun to explore the social life and political issues involved in the distribution and strategic use of not knowing. The field is growing fast and this handbook reflects this interdisciplinary field of study by drawing contributions from economics, sociology, history, philosophy, cultural studies, anthropology, feminist studies, and related fields in order to serve as a seminal guide to the political, legal and social uses of ignorance in social and political life. Chapter 33 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available here: https://tandfbis.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9780415718967_oachapter33.pdf |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Elusive West and the Contest for Empire, 1713-1763 Paul W. Mapp, 2012-12-01 A truly continental history in both its geographic and political scope, The Elusive West and the Contest for Empire, 1713-1763 investigates eighteenth-century diplomacy involving North America and links geographic ignorance about the American West to Europeans' grand geopolitical designs. Breaking from scholars' traditional focus on the Atlantic world, Paul W. Mapp demonstrates the centrality of hitherto understudied western regions to early American history and shows that a Pacific focus is crucial to understanding the causes, course, and consequences of the Seven Years' War. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Capital Hates Everyone Maurizio Lazzarato, 2021-03-09 Why we must reject the illusory consolations of technology and choose revolution over fascism. We are living in apocalyptic times. In Capital Hates Everyone, famed sociologist Maurice Lazzarato points to a stark choice emerging from the magma of today's world events: fascism or revolution. Fascism now drives the course of democracies as they grow less and less liberal and increasingly subject to the law of capital. Since the 1970s, Lazzarato writes, capital has entered a logic of war. It has become, by the power conferred on it by financialization, a political force intent on destruction. Lazzarato urges us to reject the illusory consolations of a technology-abetted new kind of capitalism and choose revolution over fascism. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science Heidi E. Grasswick, 2011-05-16 Having enjoyed more than twenty years of development, feminist epistemology and philosophy of science are now thriving fields of inquiry, offering current scholars a rich tradition from which to draw. In addition to a recognition of the power of knowledge itself and its effects on women’s lives, a central feature of feminist epistemology and philosophy of science has been the attention they draw to the role of power dynamics within knowledge-seeking practices and the implications of these dynamics for our understandings of knowledge, science, and epistemology. Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science: Power in Knowledge collects new works that address today’s key challenges for a power-sensitive feminist approach to questions of knowledge and scientific practice. The essays build upon established work in feminist epistemology and philosophy of science, offering new developments in the fields, and representing the broad array of the feminist work now being done and the many ways in which feminists incorporate power dynamics into their analyses. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Philosophy of Education Mason Ross, AI, 2025-02-26 Philosophy of Education explores how philosophical ideas have shaped education, from teaching methodologies to curriculum design. Understanding these philosophical roots allows educators to assess current practices and adapt to evolving needs. The book traces the historical development of educational philosophies, from ancient Greece to contemporary debates on social justice, demonstrating how major social and political movements have influenced education. For example, the book will touch on the nature versus nurture debate and proper epistemological methods. The book argues that every educational practice is rooted in a philosophical framework. It examines how different philosophical ideas have shaped teaching methods, curriculum design, and educational policies. It also analyzes philosophical perspectives on educational equality and the purpose of education in a democratic society. The book integrates theoretical analysis with practical application and uses historical examples and case studies to illustrate the impact of philosophical texts, while drawing on empirical research. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Witness to Marvels Tony K. Stewart, 2019-09-13 A free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org. There is a vast body of imaginal literature in Bengali that introduces fictional Sufi saints into the complex mythological world of Hindu gods and goddesses. Dating to the sixteenth century, the stories—pir katha—are still widely read and performed today. The events that play out rival the fabulations of the Arabian Nights, which has led them to be dismissed as simplistic folktales, yet the work of these stories is profound: they provide fascinating insight into how Islam habituated itself into the cultural life of the Bangla-speaking world. In Witness to Marvels, Tony K. Stewart unearths the dazzling tales of Sufi saints to signal a bold new perspective on the subtle ways Islam assumed its distinctive form in Bengal. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: The Silences of Science Felicity Mellor, Stephen Webster, 2016-09-13 Over the last half century scholars from a range of disciplines have attempted to theorise silence. Naively we tend to think of silence negatively, as a lack, an emptiness. Yet silence studies shows that silence is more than mere absence. All speech incorporates silence, not only in the gaps between words or the pauses that facilitate turn taking, but in the omissions that result from the necessary selectivity of communicative acts. Thus silence is significant in and of itself; it is a sign that has socially-constructed (albeit context -dependent and ambiguous) meanings. To date, studies of science communication have focussed on what is said rather than what is not said. They have highlighted the content of communication rather than its form, and have largely ignored the gaps, pauses and lacunae that are an essential, and meaningful, part of any communicative act. Both the sociology of science and the history of science have also failed to highlight the varied functions of silence in the practice of science, despite interests in tacit knowledge and cultures of secrecy. Through a range of case studies from historical and contemporary situations, this volume draws attention to the significance of silence, its different qualities and uses, and the nature, function and meaning of silence for science and technology studies. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Re-Imagining the Other M. Eid, K. Karim, 2014-07-24 The twenty-first century exploded into the global imagination with unforgettable scenes of death and destruction. An apocalyptic 'clash of civilizations' seemed to be waged between two old foes - 'the West' and 'Islam.' However, the decade-long and ruinous 'war on terror' has prompted re-assessments of the militaristic approach to Western-Muslim relations. A growing number of academics, policymakers, religious leaders, journalists, and activists view the struggles as resulting from a 'clash of ignorance.' Re-imagining the Other examines the ways in which knowledge is manipulated by dominant Western and Muslim discourses. Authors from several disciplines study how the two societies have constructed images of each other in historical and contemporary times. The complexities and subtleties of their mutually productive relationship are overshadowed by portrayals of unremitting clash, thus serving as encouragement for the promotion of war and terrorism. The book proposes specific approaches to re-imagine the Other in order to mitigate Western-Muslim conflict. |
| agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance: Understanding Ignorance Daniel R. Denicola, 2018-09-04 An exploration of what we can know about what we don't know: why ignorance is more than simply a lack of knowledge. Ignorance is trending. Politicians boast, “I'm not a scientist.” Angry citizens object to a proposed state motto because it is in Latin, and “This is America, not Mexico or Latin America.” Lack of experience, not expertise, becomes a credential. Fake news and repeated falsehoods are accepted and shape firm belief. Ignorance about American government and history is so alarming that the ideal of an informed citizenry now seems quaint. Conspiracy theories and false knowledge thrive. This may be the Information Age, but we do not seem to be well informed. In this book, philosopher Daniel DeNicola explores ignorance—its abundance, its endurance, and its consequences. DeNicola aims to understand ignorance, which seems at first paradoxical. How can the unknown become known—and still be unknown? But he argues that ignorance is more than a lack or a void, and that it has dynamic and complex interactions with knowledge. Taking a broadly philosophical approach, DeNicola examines many forms of ignorance, using the metaphors of ignorance as place, boundary, limit, and horizon. He treats willful ignorance and describes the culture in which ignorance becomes an ideological stance. He discusses the ethics of ignorance, including the right not to know, considers the supposed virtues of ignorance, and concludes that there are situations in which ignorance is morally good. Ignorance is neither pure nor simple. It is both an accusation and a defense (“You are ignorant!” “Yes, but I didn't know!”). Its practical effects range from the inconsequential to the momentous. It is a scourge, but, DeNicola argues daringly, it may also be a refuge, a value, even an accompaniment to virtue. |
AGNOTOLOGY - PhilPapers
structural production of ignorance, its diverse causes and conformations, whether brought about by neglect, forgetfulness, myopia, extinction, secrecy, or suppression.
The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance Edited by Robert …
Agnorology: the making and unmaking of ignorance I edared by Roberr N. Procror and Londa Schiebinger. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8047-5652-5 …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Agnotology : the making and unmaking of ignorance What keeps ignorance alive, or allows it to be used as a political instrument? "Agnotology" - the study of ignorance - provides a new …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
of ignorance studies that examines how science produces ignorance—both actively and passively, intentionally and unintentionally. We may think of science as our foremost producer …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance (PDF)
Carrier,2020-02-18 An introduction to the new area of ignorance studies that examines how science produces ignorance both actively and passively intentionally and unintentionally We …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance (book)
Agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance Summary Agnotology the study of how ignorance is produced and maintained introduces a new and much needed perspective for …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance "Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance," a mesmerizing literary creation penned by a celebrated wordsmith, readers set about an …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance Full …
This blog post will explore the dark art of agnotology, revealing how ignorance is strategically created and disseminated, and, critically, offering practical strategies to combat it.
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
of ignorance studies that examines how science produces ignorance—both actively and passively, intentionally and unintentionally. We may think of science as our foremost producer …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
ignorance studies that examines how science produces ignorance—both actively and passively, intentionally and unintentionally. We may think of science as our foremost producer of …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance …
This blog post will explore the dark art of agnotology, revealing how ignorance is strategically created and disseminated, and, critically, offering practical strategies to combat it. The …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
in history. Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance [PDF] This ebook explores the fascinating and often unsettling field of agnotology – the study of culturally induced ignorance. …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance …
This blog post will explore the dark art of agnotology, revealing how ignorance is strategically created and disseminated, and, critically, offering practical strategies to combat it.
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance Copy
This blog post will explore the dark art of agnotology, revealing how ignorance is strategically created and disseminated, and, critically, offering practical strategies to combat it. The …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance (2024)
This ebook explores the fascinating and often unsettling field of agnotology – the study of culturally induced ignorance. We delve into the deliberate creation and spread of …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Unmaking Of Ignorance Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance [PDF] This ebook explores the fascinating and often unsettling field of agnotology – the study of culturally …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
In an era of misinformation and deliberate disinformation campaigns, navigating the information landscape has become a daunting task. This is where agnotology – the study of culturally …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance. Decoding the Deception: Agnotology, the Science of Manufactured Ignorance, and How to Fight Back. Are you overwhelmed by …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
In an era of misinformation and deliberate disinformation campaigns, navigating the information landscape has become a daunting task. This is where agnotology – the study of culturally …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance (PDF) WEBA bold, wide-ranging exploration of the relationship between ignorance and power in the modern age, from debates over …
AGNOTOLOGY - PhilPapers
structural production of ignorance, its diverse causes and conformations, whether brought about by neglect, forgetfulness, myopia, extinction, secrecy, or suppression.
The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance Edited by Robert …
Agnorology: the making and unmaking of ignorance I edared by Roberr N. Procror and Londa Schiebinger. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8047-5652-5 …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Agnotology : the making and unmaking of ignorance What keeps ignorance alive, or allows it to be used as a political instrument? "Agnotology" - the study of ignorance - provides a new …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
of ignorance studies that examines how science produces ignorance—both actively and passively, intentionally and unintentionally. We may think of science as our foremost producer …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance (PDF)
Carrier,2020-02-18 An introduction to the new area of ignorance studies that examines how science produces ignorance both actively and passively intentionally and unintentionally We …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance (book)
Agnotology the making and unmaking of ignorance Summary Agnotology the study of how ignorance is produced and maintained introduces a new and much needed perspective for …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance "Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance," a mesmerizing literary creation penned by a celebrated wordsmith, readers set about an …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance Full …
This blog post will explore the dark art of agnotology, revealing how ignorance is strategically created and disseminated, and, critically, offering practical strategies to combat it.
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
of ignorance studies that examines how science produces ignorance—both actively and passively, intentionally and unintentionally. We may think of science as our foremost producer …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
ignorance studies that examines how science produces ignorance—both actively and passively, intentionally and unintentionally. We may think of science as our foremost producer of …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance …
This blog post will explore the dark art of agnotology, revealing how ignorance is strategically created and disseminated, and, critically, offering practical strategies to combat it. The …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
in history. Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance [PDF] This ebook explores the fascinating and often unsettling field of agnotology – the study of culturally induced ignorance. …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance …
This blog post will explore the dark art of agnotology, revealing how ignorance is strategically created and disseminated, and, critically, offering practical strategies to combat it.
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance Copy
This blog post will explore the dark art of agnotology, revealing how ignorance is strategically created and disseminated, and, critically, offering practical strategies to combat it. The …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance (2024)
This ebook explores the fascinating and often unsettling field of agnotology – the study of culturally induced ignorance. We delve into the deliberate creation and spread of …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Unmaking Of Ignorance Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance [PDF] This ebook explores the fascinating and often unsettling field of agnotology – the study of culturally …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
In an era of misinformation and deliberate disinformation campaigns, navigating the information landscape has become a daunting task. This is where agnotology – the study of culturally …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance. Decoding the Deception: Agnotology, the Science of Manufactured Ignorance, and How to Fight Back. Are you overwhelmed by …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
In an era of misinformation and deliberate disinformation campaigns, navigating the information landscape has become a daunting task. This is where agnotology – the study of culturally …
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance
Agnotology The Making And Unmaking Of Ignorance (PDF) WEBA bold, wide-ranging exploration of the relationship between ignorance and power in the modern age, from debates over …
