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| abhinavagupta books: Śrī Mālinivijayottara tantram, Vijñāna bhairava, Śrī Svacchanda tantram, Śrī Netra tantram, Śiva sūtra Abhinavagupta (Rājānaka), 2015 |
| abhinavagupta books: A Trident of Wisdom Abhinavagupta, 1989-01-01 I have prepared a trident of Wisdom in order to cut asunder their bondage. -- Abhinavagupta This is a long commentary on a short Tantra. One of the most authoritative and venerated texts in Kashmir Shaivism, it deals with the nature of Ultimate Reality and with methods of realization focusing on the theory and practice of Mantra. Abhinavagupta presents his metaphysics of language, of the Word (Vak), and its relation to consciousness. He calls it, trikasastra-rahasya-upadesa: The teaching of the secret of the Trika doctrine. |
| abhinavagupta books: Abhinavagupta's Commentary on the Bhagavad Gita Abhinavagupta, 2004 Abhinavagupta, probably the greatest genius of India inthe fields of philosophy, aesthetics, poetics, dramaturgy, Tantraand mysticism, is being rediscovered only in the last few decades.Although several scholars, in India and abroad, areengaged in studying his works, it is surprising that there arestill few translations available.The great merit of the present translation of Abhinavagupta sasummary of the (real and secret) meaning of the BhagavadGÏtÈ: is: First, it includes the text and translation of the Kashmiriversion of the Bhagavad GÏtÈ, which in places differs from theone commented upon by ’a×kara. Besides, it brings out thespecific meanings in the context of Kashmir Shaiva philosophyand yoga, without being influenced by SÈ`khya or VedÈnta. |
| abhinavagupta books: Of Gods and Books Florinda De Simini, 2016-11-07 India has been the homeland of diverse manuscript traditions that do not cease to impress scholars for their imposing size and complexity. Nevertheless, many topics concerning the study of Indian manuscript cultures still remain to receive systematic examination. Of Gods and Books pays attention to one of these topics - the use of manuscripts as ritualistic tools. Literary sources deal quite extensively with rituals principally focused on manuscripts, whose worship, donation and preservation are duly prescribed. Around these activities, a specific category of ritual gift is created, which finds attestations in pre-tantric, as well as in smārta and tantric, literature, and whose practice is also variously reflected in epigraphical documents. De Simini offers a first systematic study of the textual evidence on the topic of the worship and donation of knowledge. She gives account of possible implications for the relationships between religion and power. The book is indsipensible for a deeper understanding of the cultural aspects of manuscript transmission in medieval India, and beyond. |
| abhinavagupta books: The Triadic Heart of Śiva Paul E. Muller-Ortega, 2010-03-31 This book explores one of the most explicit and sophisticated theoretical formulations of tantric yoga. It explains Abhinavagupta's teaching about the nature of ultimate reality, about the methods for experiencing this ultimate reality, and about the nature of the state of realization, a condition of embodied enlightenment. The author uncovers the conceptual matrix surrounding the practices of the Kaula lineage of Kashmir Shaivism. The primary textual basis for the book is provided by Abhinavagupta's Parātrīśikā-laghuvṛtti, a short meditation manual that centers on the symbolism of the Heart-mantra, SAUḤ. |
| abhinavagupta books: Abhinavagupta’s Comments on Aesthetics in Abhinavabhāratī and Locana Sanjeev Kumar, 2017-01-06 Abhinavagupta was a Kashmiri practitioner of the Sanskrit tradition, well-known to those very few researchers who follow theories on Indian aesthetics. His contribution to the tradition of aesthetic theories is extensive; he established a university to educate 10,000 students in aesthetics, tantra vigyan and traditional Sanskrit theories, and he authored 47 books, out of which 23 are still in existence. Students, researchers and faculties from Sanskrit departments, as well as Sanskrit practitioners, should be exposed to the illuminating practices available in Indian traditions and the theories originating in Kashmir. In this book, a detailed analysis is carried out on Abhinavagupta’s two splendid commentaries, Locana on Dhvanyāloka and Abhinavabhāratī on Nātyaśāstra. Abhinavagupta presented the views of Lollata, Saankuka and Bhattanayaka, with each view followed by relevant criticism. He also set forth his own views in great detail and these are widely discussed in this text. The book will be of interest to scholars from the fields of Indian aesthetics, Natyashastra, principles of meaning, literary criticism, Indology, Sanskrit texts and linguistics. |
| abhinavagupta books: The Aesthetic Experience According to Abhinavagupta Raniero Gnoli, 1970* |
| abhinavagupta books: Theatre and Its Other Elisa Ganser, 2022-02-14 What is Dance? What is Theatre? What is the boundary between enacting a character and narrating a story? When does movement become tinted with meaning? And when does beauty shine alone as if with no object? These universal aesthetic questions find a theoretically vibrant and historically informed set of replies in the oeuvre of the eleventh-century Kashmirian author Abhinavagupta. The present book offers the first critical edition, translation, and study of a crucial and lesser known passage of his commentary on the Nāṭyaśāstra, the seminal work of Sanskrit dramaturgy. The nature of dramatic acting and the mimetic power of dance, emotions, and beauty all play a role in Abhinavagupta’s thorough investigation of performance aesthetics, now presented to the modern reader. |
| abhinavagupta books: Rediscovering God with Transcendental Argument David Peter Lawrence, 2015-07-29 Rediscovering God with Transcendental Argument provides a comparative philosophical study of the Pratyabhijña system of the medieval Kashmiri Śaiva thinkers Utpaladeva and Abhinavagupta. Beginning with intensive descriptive and prescriptive reflections on the nature of philosophy itself, the book examines the special characteristics of the Pratyabhijña discourse as both philosophical apologetics and spiritual exercise. Lawrence situates the Pratyabhijña speculation within the larger context of Hindu and Buddhist deliberations about the role of interpretation in experience, and gives a groundbreaking exposition of the epistemology and ontology of Shiva's self-recognition. He observes the similarities and differences of the Pratyabhijña with Christian understandings of the divine logos, and argues that the Śaiva philosophy elucidates a cogent way of demonstrating the reality of God against contemporary relativism, deconstructionism and other forms of skepticism. |
| abhinavagupta books: Gītārthasaṅgraha Abhinavagupta (Rājānaka.), 1983-01-01 |
| abhinavagupta books: Para-trisika-Vivarana of Abhinavagupta Jaideva Singh, 2014-01-01 The Paratrisika (or Paratrimsika) is a short Tantra that has been held in the highest esteem by Kashmir Saivism or Trika. After Somananda, Abhinavagupta has written two commentaries on it, a short one (Laghuvrtti) and an extensive one the present Vivarana which is presented here for the first time in an English translation. The Paratrisika Vivarana is one of the most fascinating but also most difficult texts of the Kashmir Saiva School, and of the mystical philosophical literature of India as a whole. It deals with Ultimate Reality (anuttara or para) and with the methods of realization, centred above all in the theory and practice of the mantra. Abhinavagupta displays here his great exegetical genius and presents a penetrating metaphysics of language, of the Word (vak) and its various stages in relation to consciousness. His language reflects in a luminous fashion the mystical experience contained in this text. The present translation of Abhinavagupta's masterpiece will not only be a milestone in the study of Kashmir Saivism, but it also makes available one of the major mystical texts of the Indian tradition to readers interested in philosophy and spirituality |
| abhinavagupta books: Light on Tantra in Kashmir Shaivism: Swami Lakshmanjoo, 2017-09-23 This profound text is concerned with the philosophy and practice known as Kashmir Shaivism. On account of its size and scope it is a veritable encyclopedia of non-dual Shaivism.Why was the Tantraloka written? In answer to this question Abhinavagupta tells us that, although in the schools of Kashmir Shaivism there are many wonderful and important ways and methods for attaining the supreme reality, yet in his time not even one was still existing. All of those ways and methods were lost. It is for this reason that he was requested by his colleagues and disciples to create a text that would illuminate and clarify all of these ways and methods of Kashmir Shaivism. To accomplish this, Abhinavagupta composed the Tantraloka, a text, which he tells us is filled with the complete explanation of the ways and methods associated with Kashmir Shaivism. That is to say that the philosophical understanding on the level of the intellect might have been existing, but the actual practical means or methods to be used to attain the supreme reality - oneness with Universal Being - to which they all pointed was lost. Abhinavagupta was intent, therefore, to revive the true understanding of these very important teachings, to make the practices that they embodied live again. For what is the use of a map if you have no way to reach the destination? Thus, Abhinavagupta gave us the Tantraloka to remedy this situation.The Tantraloka is composed of thirty seven chapters (ahnikas). Each chapter has it's own distinct topic. In this present volume - chapter one - Abhinavagupta lays the groundwork for the rest of his Tantraloka. Here are some of the topics Abhinavagupta examines in the first chapter: - The important Masters of the schools of Kashmir Shaivism. - The differentiated perception of all the means and methods (upayas). - The difference between knowledge, ignorance and liberation. - The essence of what is to be recognized, i.e., the real object to be known. - The oneness of Shiva and His energy (Shakti). - Introduction to the means and methods (upaya) for attaining full and pure knowledge where you perceive your nature as one with the universe. - True liberation in Kashmir Shaivism. - A discussion of the four states of means (upayas).- Three variations of absorption or trance (samavesha) as mentioned in the Malinivijaya Tantra. - The contents of each of the thirty seven chapters of Tantraloka. |
| abhinavagupta books: Abhinavagupta's Commentary on the Bhagavad Gita Abhinava (Rājānaka.), 2002 Abhinavagupta, Probably The Greatest Genius Of India In The Fields Of Philosophy, Aesthetics, Poetics, Dramaturgy, Tantra And Mysticism, Is Being Rediscovered Only In The Last Few Decades. Although Several Scholars, In India And Abroad, Are Engaged In Studying His Works, It Is Surprising That There Are Still Few Translations Available. The Great Merit Of The Present Translation Of Abhinavagupta`S Summary Of The (Real And Secret) Meaning Of The Bhagavad Gita Lies In The Following: First, It Includes The Text And Translation Of The Kashmiri Version Of The Bhagavad Gita, Which In Places Differs From The One Commented Upon By Shankara. Besides, It Brings Out The Specific Meanings In The Context Of Kashmir Shaiva Philosophy And Yoga, Without Being Influenced By Samkhya Or Vedanta. |
| abhinavagupta books: Abhinavagupta John R. Dupuche, 2003 |
| abhinavagupta books: Siva Sutras Jaideva Singh, 2012-01-01 Siva Sutras are considered to be a revealed book of Yoga: the supreme identity of the individual self with the Divine. Here an English translation of the Siva Sutras has been provided, together with an abstract of each sutra, which throws a flood of light on the entire system of Saiva Yoga. A glossary of technical terms and index are appended for the convenience of the reader. Four commentaries on Siva Sutras are available at present, the Vimarsini commentary of Ksemaraja in prose, the Siva-sutra-vrtti by some anonymous author in prose, the Siva-sutra-varttikam by Varadaraja in verse. The Siva-Sutra-vrtti is so close to Vimarsini that it appears to be either a preliminary draft or a later abstract of the Vimarsini. There is a strong presumption that the author of the Vrtti was Ksemaraja himself. For more information, please head to www.mlbd.co.in |
| abhinavagupta books: Indian Perspectives on Consciousness, Language and Self Marco Ferrante, 2020-08-31 This book examines the theory of consciousness developed by the school of Recognition, an Indian philosophical tradition that thrived around the tenth c. CE in Kashmir, and argues that consciousness has a linguistic nature. It situates the doctrines of the tradition within the broader Indian philosophical context and establishes connections with the contemporary analytic debate. The book focuses on Utpaladeva and Abhinavagupta (tenth c. CE), two Hindu intellectuals belonging to the school of Recognition, Pratyabhijñā in Sanskrit. It argues that these authors promoted ideas that bear a strong resemblance with contemporary ‘higher–order theories’ of consciousness. In addition, the book explores the relationship between the thinkers of the school of Recognition and the thought of the grammarian/philosopher Bhartṛhari (fifth c. CE). The book bridges a gap that still exists between scholars engaged with Western traditions and Sanskrit specialists focused on textual materials. In doing so, the author uses concepts from contemporary philosophy of mind to illustrate the Indian arguments and an interdisciplinary approach with abundant reference to the original sources. Offering fresh information to historians of Indian thought, the book will also be of interest to academics working on Non-Western Philosophy, Comparative Philosophy, Indian Philosophy, Religion, Hinduism, Tantric Studies and South Asian Studies. |
| abhinavagupta books: Abhinavagupta's Hermeneutics of the Absolute Anuttaraprakriya Bettina Bäumer, 2011 The Paratrishika Vivarana by the great Kashmiri philosopher and mystic Abhinavagupta is an extensive commentary on the Paratrishika Tantra, and it is one of the most profound texts, not only of non-dualist Kashmir Shaivism, but of Indian philosophy and mysticism in general. The present work attempts to make this difficult text accessible, by culling out the important themes and offering an interpretation. The main focus is on the understanding of the Absolute (Anuttara) and the ways to realize it. The central theme of mantra also leads to a mysticism of language with its philosophical implications. All these reflections and practices are inscribed in the theory that everything is related to the totality, every part contains the whole of reality (sarvam sarvatmakam). It is this holistic vision of Abhinavagupta, based on the Tantras, which makes this work so relevant in our times of fragmented aspects of life and knowledge in search of integration. No doubt, in the view of the Tantra and of Abhinavagupta, language and mantra provide the key. This fascinating book is an important contribution to studies and interpretations on Kashmir Shaivism, its spirituality and philosophy, and on Abhinavagupta in particular. |
| abhinavagupta books: From Early Vedanta to Kashmir Shaivism N. V. Isaeva, 1995-07 This book clarifies the relationship between God and the creation for Gaudapada, Bhartrhari, and Shankara, and by doing so, demonstrates a major continuity of thought from Gaudapada through Bhartrhari to Abhinavagupta and Kashmir Shaivism. |
| abhinavagupta books: The Tantrasara of Abhinava Gupta. Edited With Notes by Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Mukund Ram Shastri Rajanaka Abhinavagupta, Mukunda Rama Shastri, 2022-10-26 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| abhinavagupta books: Tantra Illuminated Christopher D. Wallis, 2013 This book takes readers on a fascinating journey to the very heart of Tantra: its key teachings, foundational lineages, and transformative practices. Since the West's discovery of Tantra 100 years ago, there has been considerable fascination, speculation, and more than a little misinformation about this spiritual movement. Now, for the first time in the English language, Tantra Illuminated presents an accessible introduction to this sacred tradition that began 1,500 years ago, in the far north of India. The book uses translations from primary Sanskrit sources, offers a profound look at spiritual practice, and reveals Tantra's rich history and powerful teachings. |
| abhinavagupta books: Abhinavagupta Deshpande G T, 1992-01-01 |
| abhinavagupta books: Crazy Wisdom of the Yogini Daniel Odier, 2021-06-29 • Shares vivid, experiential descriptions of the author’s sessions with master Lalita Devi wherein she imparted the essential principles of the Mahamudra to him physically, verbally, and energetically • Presents new translations of the most significant sacred books, including the Shiva Sutras, the Pratybhijna Hrdayam Sutra, and the Spandakarika, each presented in language that preserves their spontaneous mystic flow • Pairs the author’s intellectual study of the sacred texts with direct transmissions from his teacher, with each perspective shedding light on the other In 1975, in an isolated Himalayan forest, Daniel Odier met Lalita Devi, a tantric yogini who took him on a mystical journey beyond the limits of sexual experience to transcend the ego, recognize the true self, and rediscover the Divine nature of absolute love. Now, Odier shares the secret teachings and self-realization practices of the Kashmiri Mahamudra (meditation on the mind itself) and the Pratyabhijna (the School of Sudden Recognition). The author offers vivid descriptions of his sessions with Lalita Devi wherein she imparted the essential principles of the Mahamudra and the yoga of emotions to him physically, verbally, and energetically. Lalita Devi knew the principal texts of Kashmiri Shaivism by heart. New translations of the most significant sacred books, including the Shiva Sutras, the Pratyabhijnahrdayam, and the Spandakarika, are provided by Odier along with chants and poems from the yogini tradition. Presented in language that preserves their spontaneous mystic flow and restores their original ancient female origins, Crazy Wisdom of the Yogini offers a profound inside look at authentic tantric teachings. |
| abhinavagupta books: The Tantraloka of Abhinava Gupta, With Commentary by Rajanaka Jayaratha; Rajanaka Abhinavagupta, Mukunda Rama Shastri, Madhusudan Kaul Shastri, 2018-10-13 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| abhinavagupta books: The Best Books William Swan Sonnenschein, 1895 |
| abhinavagupta books: Indian Literary Criticism G. N. Devy, 2002 Literary criticism produced by Indian scholars from the earliest times to the present age is represented in this book. These include Bharatamuni, Tholkappiyar, Anandavardhana, Abhinavagupta, Jnaneshwara, Amir Khusrau, Mirza Ghalib, Rabindranath Tagore, Sri Aurobindo, B.S. Mardhekar, Ananda Coomaraswamy, and A.K. Ramanujam and Sudhir Kakar among others. Their statements have been translated into English by specialists from Sanskrit, Persian and other languages. |
| abhinavagupta books: Auspicious Wisdom Douglas Renfrew Brooks, 1992-10-01 Rooting itself in Kashmir Shaivism, Śrividyā became a force in South India no later than the seventh century, and eventually supplanted the Trika as the dominant Tantric tradition in Kashmir. This is the first comprehensive study of the texts and traditions of this influential school of goddess-centered, Śākta, Tantrism. Centering on the goddess's three manifestations—the beneficent deity Lalita Tripurasundari, her mantra, and the visually striking sricakra—Śrividyā creates a systematic esoteric discipline that combines elements of the yogas of knowledge, of devotion, and of ritual. Utilizing canonical works, historical commentaires, and the interpretive insights of living practitioners, this book explores the theological and ritual theories that form the basis for Śrividyā practice and offers new methods for critical and comparative studies of esoteric Hinduism. |
| abhinavagupta books: The Metaphysical Compass Jonathan Torralba Torron, 2024-08-12 An in-depth analysis of the different worldviews available to us in today's world, their underlying metaphysics, and the symbolism they use to convey their doctrines. The Metaphysical Compass is an exercise in both analysis and synthesis, delving deeply into complex religious and philosophical issues while providing summarized access to vast amounts of information that is difficult for non-specialists to access. It is based on the incontrovertible premise that, especially after the globalization of knowledge, we find ourselves in a highly complex world in which different incompatible worldviews uneasily coexist. To guide us in our search, the book focuses on the metaphysical answers underlying the different worldviews available to us, whether religious, mystical, esoteric, philosophical, or scientific. It also stresses the importance of symbolism in transmitting these doctrines, and its undeniable and growing prevalence in today's mass media and popular culture. The Metaphysical Compass was designed as an enjoyable synthesis capable of conveying a large amount of information in a visual and summarized, but not dumbed down, way. Furthermore, the book contains plenty of hyperlinks (digital editions) and notes through which those interested can expand their knowledge on specific topics. It is an ideal book for those with little time to investigate and confront the great questions of life. Also for those interested in discovering all the possible solutions to the oldest philosophical question of all, which lies at the core of each and every worldview: the conflict between the One and the Many. The Metaphysical Compass includes: .: A massive repository of knowledge (both ancient and modern), highly structured and profusely illustrated, designed to clear up all your metaphysical doubts and guide you in navigating the complexities of the modern world and its myriad worldviews. .: A comparative table with the 41 main current worldviews, in which their particularities are described, their main symbols discussed, and their central metaphysical beliefs defined, compared, and categorized. .: 15 summary diagrams that explain the complete argument of the book in a clear and pleasant visual way. .: Graphics highlighting the prevalence of certain recurrent metaphysical doctrines in modern popular culture. |
| abhinavagupta books: Abhinavagupta Ganesh Tryambak Deshpande, Abhinavagupta, 1992 |
| abhinavagupta books: Catalogue of the Library of the India Office: pt. 1. Sanskrit books India Office Library, 1897 |
| abhinavagupta books: The Tantraloka of Abhinava Gupta, With Commentary by Rajanaka Jayaratha; Volume 3 Rajanaka Abhinavagupta, Mukunda Rama Shastri, Madhusudan Kaul Shastri, 2022-10-27 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| abhinavagupta books: The Tantraloka of Abhinava Gupta, With Commentary by Rajanaka Jayaratha; Volume 2 Rajanaka Abhinavagupta, Mukunda Rama Shastri, Madhusudan Kaul Shastri, 2022-10-26 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| abhinavagupta books: Books of India , |
| abhinavagupta books: Schopenhauer on Self, World and Morality Arati Barua, 2018-01-05 This volume is a unique collection of philosophical essays on various aspects of Schopenhauer's understanding of the nature and character of the world through the classical philosophies of the Vedanta and Buddhism and classical and modern thinkers like Bhartṛhari, Tagore, and Wittgenstein. It includes reflective insights about Schopenhauer and the metaphysics of the world, the self, and morality from scholars who have pioneered the philosophical study of the relation between Schopenhauer and Indian schools of thoughts and intellectual history. This insightful volume is a good academic resource for further research in comparative philosophy of Schopenhauer and the Indian tradition. |
| abhinavagupta books: The Tantraloka of Abhinava Gupta, With Commentary by Rajanaka Jayaratha; Volume 6 Rajanaka Abhinavagupta, Mukunda Rama Shastri, Madhusudan Kaul Shastri, 2022-10-26 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| abhinavagupta books: Handbook of Logical Thought in India Sundar Sarukkai, Mihir Kumar Chakraborty, 2022-11-04 This collection of articles is unique in the way it approaches established material on the various logical traditions in India. Instead of classifying these traditions within Schools as is the usual approach, the material here is classified into sections based on themes ranging from Fundamentals of ancient logical traditions to logic in contemporary mathematics and computer science. This collection offers not only an introduction to the key themes in different logical traditions such as Nyaya, Buddhist and Jaina, it also highlights certain unique characteristics of these traditions as well as contribute new material in the relationship of logic to aesthetics, linguistics, Kashmir Saivism as well as the forgotten Tamil contribution to logic. |
| abhinavagupta books: Around Abhinavagupta Eli Franco, Isabelle Ratié, 2016 |
| abhinavagupta books: Catalogue of the Library of the India Office ...: pt. 1. Sanskrit books. [By R. Rost] 1897 Great Britain. India Office. Library, 1897 |
| abhinavagupta books: The Tantraloka of Abhinava Gupta, with Commentary by Rajanaka Jayaratha; Volume 4 Rajanaka Abhinavagupta, Mukunda Rama Shastri, Madhusudan Kaul Shastri, 2018-10-13 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
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