Andre Beteille Caste Class And Power

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  andre beteille caste class and power: Caste, Class, and Power Andre Beteille, 2023-11-15 Caste, Class, and Power: Changing Patterns of Stratification in a Tanjore Village provides a detailed sociological examination of the evolving relationships between caste, class, and political power in Sripuram, a village in Tanjore District, South India. This study situates Sripuram within its historical, cultural, and economic context while exploring its transformation from a traditional agrarian society dominated by rigid caste hierarchies to a more dynamic and stratified social structure. The book highlights the persistence of traditional social patterns, such as the spatial segregation of castes in the village, while documenting significant changes, including the loosening of caste's grip on economic and political life. It traces how Brahmins, once the dominant landowning and political elite, have seen their traditional authority eroded by the rise of Non-Brahmin castes and the introduction of modern political institutions like panchayats and political parties. The analysis also focuses on the interplay between caste, class, and power, revealing how these hierarchies, once closely aligned, are now diverging. While caste still influences social identity and relations, economic modernization, education, and political participation have increasingly enabled mobility across traditional boundaries. The book discusses the growing presence of Non-Brahmins and Adi-Dravidas in education and political life, as well as the impact of land reforms on agrarian relations. Despite these changes, the study acknowledges the challenges of entrenched inequalities, particularly for the Adi-Dravidas, who remain economically and socially marginalized. Through its comprehensive approach, the book offers valuable insights into the processes of modernization, social mobility, and the enduring legacies of traditional systems in rural South India. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1971.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Caste, Class, and Power André Béteille, Professor Emeritus of Socio Logy Andre Beteille, 1965-01-01 Study of Thanjavur District.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Ideology and Social Science André Béteille, 2006 [Amartya] Sen Has Recently Given Us The Argumentative Indian; And Now, In Your Hands, Is [André] Béteille S Equally Compelling Collection Of Essays On Indian Ideas, Themes And Debates. -Ramachandra Guha One Of The Pioneers Of Sociological Studies In India, Professor André Béteille Has, Over The Past Four Decades, Contributed A Series Of Topical And Stimulating Articles To Various Newspapers. Some Of These Articles Were Collected In The Book Chronicles Of Our Time, Published A Few Years Ago. Ideology And Social Science Is A New And Riveting Collection Of Professor Béteille S Writings On Indian Society, Politics And Culture. The Fifty Articles In This Book Cover A Very Wide Range Of Subjects: From The Practice Of Sociology To The Prospects Of Political Liberalism, From Contemporary Debates About Caste And Caste Quotas To Old And Still Persisting Myths About What Is Said To Constitute The Essence Of Indian Culture. Béteille S Ambit Includes The Relevant And Important Themes Of Secularism, Diversity And Unity In Cultures, The Culture Of Tolerance, Discrimination At Work, Value Systems In The Changing Indian Family, And Caste Practices In Village Communities. Steering Clear Of Passing Intellectual Trends As Well As Partisan Politics, Béteille Reaches His Conclusions Based On A Careful Examination Of The Evidence, Not On A Search For Facts That Fit A Preconceived Theory. Through His Writings, He Makes A Cogent And Passionate Appeal To Separate Sociological Theory From The Frameworks Of Social Activism. For Students Of Sociology As Well As The General Reader, This Is A Book That Will Stimulate Thought And Generate Interest In Social And Political Issues That Are At The Core Of India S Modernity And Tradition.
  andre beteille caste class and power: The Social Construction of Capabilities in a Tamil Village L. N.. Venkataraman, 2021
  andre beteille caste class and power: Politics and Social Conflict in South India Eugene F. Irschick, 1969
  andre beteille caste class and power: Sunlight on the Garden Andre Beteille, 2012-09-01 André Béteille’s memoir, spanning his childhood, his schooldays and his early years as a sociologist, encompasses many worlds—that of colonial Chandannagar, where he spent his early years; of Patna and Calcutta, where he went to Englishmedium as well as Bengali-medium schools; and of his college days, where he started off as a physicist and then turned to sociology—a fi eld in which he was to win international renown. There are unforgettable descriptions of his colonial childhood and his two grandmothers, one French and the other Bengali; and of momentous events he lived through such as famine, communal riots and Partition. Equally compelling are his portraits of family members, his neighbourhood, school friends, teachers and Calcutta’s intellectual stars, among them Sukhamoy Chakravarty and Amartya Sen. With its lucid and eloquent prose infused with acute sociological observations and insights into family relationships, childhood and adolescence, caste, class and community, this is a book that illumines the evolution of a brilliant teacher and scholar, even as it deepens our understanding of universal human dilemmas and desires.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Caste and Kinship in Central India Adrian Mayer, 2023-07-28 Caste and Kinship in Central India: A Village and Its Region offers an in-depth exploration of the intricate social dynamics within a multi-caste village and its surrounding region. The book delves into the pivotal role of caste as the foundational axis of political, economic, and kinship structures in Indian village life. It meticulously unpacks the layered relationships between caste, subcaste, and kinship, emphasizing the local and regional frameworks within which these social units operate. The analysis reveals three levels of caste membership—the kindred of cooperation, kindred of recognition, and broader subcaste—all of which influence individuals' social roles and interactions. Through this nuanced lens, the study sheds light on the mechanisms of social control, marriage alliances, and group interactions, providing a comprehensive account of how caste functions both within and beyond the village boundaries. This scholarly work also addresses the broader implications of caste in regional and inter-village contexts, challenging the conventional notion of the village as a self-contained entity. By distinguishing between intra-caste (subcaste-based) and inter-caste dynamics, the book highlights how individuals navigate their dual identities as members of both caste and subcaste, influenced by patrilineal and exogamous practices. The study’s innovative approach bridges local and regional analyses, offering a fresh perspective on caste systems as both static and adaptive entities within India's socio-cultural landscape. This book is an essential resource for scholars of anthropology, sociology, and South Asian studies seeking a deeper understanding of caste’s multifaceted role in shaping community life. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1960.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Social Change in Modern India Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas, 1995 This Volume Is A Compilation Of A Series Of Lectures Delivered By The Eminent Social Anthropologist M. N. Srinivas. These Lectures Have Been Widely Acclaimed And Have Since Been Recommended Or Prescribed As A Text For Students Of Sociology, Anthropology And Indian Studies. The Book Remains The Classic Of Social Anthropology As It Was Hailed, When First Published.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Harmonic and Disharmonic Social Systems André Béteille, 1971
  andre beteille caste class and power: Marxism and Class Analysis André Béteille, 2008-06-11 Marxism has played a crucial role - directly and indirectly - in the development of social analysis in India. This collection of essays addresses the contemporary significance of Marxism in the study of economy and society. The problems of inequality, class and conflict in India are discussed with special reference to its agrarian social structure. Marxism has often been identified with what is described as the 'class approach' to society. While recognizing the great historical and contemporary relevance of class, the essays in the substantive part of the book also deal with other sources of inequality and conflict, and their relationship with class. The analysis brings out the diverse and changing meanings of class even within the Marxist tradition. It also presents accounts of inequality and conflict at various levels of society: village, district and region. It provides an overview of the changes that have taken place in the concept of class and in approaches to its study in response to changes in society between the time of Marx and our time.
  andre beteille caste class and power: The Grammar of Caste Ashwini Deshpande, 2011-08-03 Is the caste system disappearing? Are traditional hierarchies being replaced by competing equalities? Do globalization and liberalization automatically result in diminishing disparities? Are modern labour markets intrinsically meritocratic and efficient? Challenging the dominant discourse and demolishing various myths, this book provides answers to these and other critical questions on caste in its contemporary avatar. Linking the economics of caste with its politics, sociology, and history, this innovative book provides a stimulating assessment of continuities and changes in caste disparities over the last two decades. Deshpande uses rich empirical data to uncover how contemporary, formal, urban sector labour markets reflect a deep awareness of caste, religious, gender, and class cleavages. She convincingly argues that discrimination is neither a relic of the past nor is it confined to rural areas, but is very much a modern, formal sector phenomenon. This insightful book is an important step towards a multidisciplinary dialogue for understanding (and mitigating) inequalities based on birth and descent.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Democracy and Its Institutions André Béteille, 2017-01-05 This volume reflects B'eteille's engagement with the conception of formal, legal, political institutions (Parliament, Judiciary, and political parties), and practices in specific domains of public and political life- rule of law, constitutional morality, the opposition-without which democracies cannot function or survive. The focus on institutions highlights the divergence between ideal and practice in the operation of democracy. The author contends that the institutions of civil society require an effective constitutional framework for their proper functioning, and that such a framework suffers when social movements set themselves continuously against the State's authority. The relationship between government and opposition acquires great value and significance in a democracy, and this issue has been examined in detail. The volume not only points to what remains neglected in the study of democracy but also offers an understanding of the ground on which democracies rest.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Critical Reflections on Economy and Politics in India Raju J. Das, 2020 In this book, Das presents a class-based perspective on the economic and political situation in contemporary India in a globalizing world. It deals with the specificities of India's capitalism and neoliberalism, as well as poverty/inequality, geographically uneven development, technological change, and export-oriented, nature-dependent production. The book also deals with Left-led struggles in the form of the Naxalite/Maoist movement and trade-union strikes, and presents a non-sectarian Left critique of the Left. It also discusses the politics of the Right expressed as fascistic tendencies, and the question of what is to be done.The book applies abstract theoretical ideas to the concrete situation in India, which, in turn, inspires rethinking of theory. Das unabashedly shows the relevance of class theory that takes seriously the matter of oppression/domination of religious minorities and lower castes.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Essays on Approach and Method André Béteille, 2009-03-05 This collection reflects André Béteille's long career in teaching and research in a single institutional setting as a scholar of sociology. With a new introduction, two new essays and a new appendix, the second edition emphasizes that sociology as an intellectual discipline should be concerned more directly with the present than the past. Both the new essays complement the existing chapters in the book. Writing about sociology and current affairs in Chapter 2, Béteille makes a distinction between 'immediate-return' and 'delayed-return' research. Chapter 5 focuses on the important question of difference between the study of one's own society and the study of other cultures. The new appendix includes a conversation between the author and Surendra Munshi on a variety of themes. Together, the two appendices in the book reiterate the author's conviction that the study of one's own society gains from the insights derived from the study of other societies
  andre beteille caste class and power: Stratification in Grenada ,
  andre beteille caste class and power: India's Power Elite Sanjaya Baru, 2021-04-12 India's Power Elite is a study of the nature of power and elitism in postcolonial India. Its point of departure is the political transition under way in twenty-first-century India, with the marginalization of the Congress Party and the staging of a cultural revolution symbolized by the rise of Hindu majoritarianism. Baru deconstructs the morphology of the Indian power elite-comprising remnants of a feudal gentry, kulaks, a metropolitan business class, the civil services and a cultural elite of opinion-makers. He also examines the role of caste, class and culture in the emergence of a 'New India'. Aimed at the socially engaged reader, this book will interest both students as well as those who wield power.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Indian Village S.C. Dube, 2012-11-12 Published in 1998, Indian Village is a valuable contribution to the field of Sociology & Social Policy.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Social Stratification Dipankar Gupta, 1992 This is a collection of sociological essays on four main themes in Indian culture: caste, caste profiles, class and conflict.
  andre beteille caste class and power: The Plural Society in the British West Indies Michael Garfield Smith, 1974
  andre beteille caste class and power: Caste, Class and Democracy Vijai P. Singh, 2017-07-12 This volume is an introduction to the role of caste and class in Indian society, meant to emphasize certain important aspects of Indian society such as continuity and change in caste, economic classes, status of women, status of Harijans, village poli-tics, overseas Indians, and casteism and tribalism. Its theoretical interest is to explain the dynamics of social inequalities in Indian society. All but one of the essays are based on research conducted in India. The other is based on research on Indian plantation workers in Sri Lanka, and included here to demonstrate that the concepts of caste and class are relevant to understanding In-dians who have emigrated to overseas countries.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Aspects of Political Development Lucian W. Pye, 1966
  andre beteille caste class and power: Society and Politics in India Andre Beteille, 2020-12-22 Society and politics are subjects of continuous and animated discussion in contemporary India. The essays brought together in this collection were written or published between 1964 and 1990. In this case it was also a period of many changes in the disciplines of social anthropology and sociology, as well as in the social and political environment.
  andre beteille caste class and power: The Curious Trajectory of Caste in West Bengal Politics Ayan Guha, 2022-09-26 The Curious Trajectory of Caste in West Bengal Politics: Chronicling Continuity and Change critically engages with the dynamics of caste in the politics of West Bengal which unlike other parts of India has remained relatively free from large scale caste based political mobilisation. The insignificance of caste in West Bengal politics has remained an enigma. Yet Caste question in West Bengal politics has remained under-researched. However, there has been a growing interest in the politics of caste in West Bengal in recent years and this interest has grown due to the end of the world’s longest serving democratically elected Communist government (1977-2011) that followed a class centric non-identitarian politics. It is in this backdrop that this book explores the reasons for the relative insignificance of caste in post-colonial West Bengal’s politics and also assesses the future possibilities of caste-based identity politics in the state.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Inequality Among Men André Béteille, 1977
  andre beteille caste class and power: Studies in Agrarian Social Structure André Béteille, 1974 The Author`S Main Concern In This Work Is With Patterns Of Inequality And Conflict As These Arise From The Ownership, Control And Use Of Land-A Subject Of Crucial Importance To An Understanding Of Conditions In India.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Politics in India Sudipta Kaviraj, 1999 This volume brings together papers by eminent scholars analyzing the sociological bases of Indian politics. It focuses on the relationship modern politics has with changes in caste structure, religious communities, and other types of identity.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Social Inequality in India Kanhaiya Lal Sharma, 1999 Contributed research papers.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Caste, Culture and Hegemony Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, 2004-08-19 It is widely believed that, because of its exceptional social development, the caste system in colonial Bengal differed considerably from the rest of India. Through a study of the complex interplay between caste, culture and power, this book convincingly demonstrates that Bengali Hindu society preserved the essentials of caste discrimination in colonial times, even while giving the outward appearance of having changed. Using empirical data combined with an impressive array of secondary sources, Dr Bandyopadhyay delineates the manner in which Hindu caste society maintained its cultural hegemony and structural cohesion. This was primarily achieved by frustrating reformist endeavours, by co-opting the challenges of the dalit, and by marginalising dissidence. It was through such a process of constant negotiation in the realm of popular culture, argues the author, that this oppressive social structure and its hierarchical ideology and values have survived. Starting with an examination of the relationship between caste and power, the book examines early cultural encounters between `high' Brahmanical tradition and the more egalitarian `popular' religious cults of the lower castes. It moves on to take a close look at the relationship between caste and gender showing the reasons why the reform movement for widow remarriage failed. It ends with an examination of the Hindu `partition' campaign, which appropriated dalit autonomous politics and made Hinduism the foundation of an emergent Indian national identity. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay breaks with many of the assumptions of two important schools of thought - the Dumontian and the subaltern - and takes instead a more nuanced approach to show how high caste hegemony has been able to perpetuate itself. He thus takes up issues which go to the heart of contemporary problems in India's social and political fabric. This important and original contribution will be widely welcomed by historians, sociologists and political scientists.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Daughters of Independence Joanna Liddle, Rama Joshi, 1989 Joanna Liddle and Rama Joshi explore the connection in India between gender and caste, and gender and class. They ask whether the subordination of women has diminished as India moves from a caste to a class structure, and what effect colonization had on the status of women in India. Focusing on educated, professional women, the authors look at the particular experiences of 120 women they interviewed, and also interpret the larger patterns of social relations that emerge from the interviews. These sensitive stories are told with an eloquence that is often moving and inspiring. For thousands of years Indian women have had a cultural tradition of resisting male domination. At the same time, the control of female sexuality has always been central to social hierarchies in India. Women are constrained in both class and caste hierarchies, to help distinguish the men at the top of the hierarchy from men at the bottom, where women are less constrained. In class society the seclusion of women allowed men to have sexual control over women and to retain the property that was transferred in marriage. In contemporary India, professional women have had success entering the professions as the social groups to which they belong move increasingly to class rather than caste structures. But men continue to control the type of education they receive and the type of employment open to them, and to participate in the sexual harassment of women in the workplace. The concept that women are inferior to men--a concept that is not part of the Indian cultural heritage--is growing. In a sense, working professional women strengthen male control. The class structure is no more egalitarian than the caste structure, as oppression simply takes other forms.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age Susan Bayly, 2001-02-22 The phenomenon of caste has probably aroused more controversy than any other aspect of Indian life and thought. Susan Bayly's cogent and sophisticated analysis explores the emergence of the ideas, experiences and practices which gave rise to the so-called 'caste society' from the pre-colonial period to the end of the twentieth century. Using an historical and anthropological approach, she frames her analysis within the context of India's dynamic economic and social order, interpreting caste not as an essence of Indian culture and civilization, but rather as a contingent and variable response to the changes that occurred in the subcontinent's political landscape through the colonial conquest. The idea of caste in relation to Western and Indian 'orientalist' thought is also explored.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Patriots and Partisans Ramachandra Guha, 2016-10-25 ‘The rarest of the species, a genuinely independent-minded Indian intellectual’ Times of India In this wide-ranging collection of essays, Ramachandra Guha defends the liberal centre against the dogmas of left and right, and does so with style, depth and polemical verve. Among the subjects on which he turns a critical eye are Hindutva, the Communist left, and the dynasty-obsessed Congress party. Whether writing about politics, profiling individuals or analyzing social trends, Guha displays a masterly touch, confirming his standing as India’s most admired historian and public intellectual.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Socio-cultural History of an Indian Caste C. Dwarakanath Gupta, 1999 On the Vaisyas caste of Andhra Pradesh, India.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Rise of Anthropology in India Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi, 1976
  andre beteille caste class and power: Asian Perspectives On Human Rights Claude Welch, 2021-11-28 Analyzes Asian perspectives on human rights in terms of cultural traditions, grassroots and regional organizations, and economic constraints on the expression of rights. The book asks: are human rights western in their inception, are they universal or do they differ by region and culture.
  andre beteille caste class and power: White As Milk and Rice Nidhi Dugar Kundalia, 2020-03-18 The Maria girls from Bastar practise sex as an institution before marriage, but with rules-one may not sleep with a partner more than three times; the Hallaki women from the Konkan coast sing throughout the day-in forests, fields, the market and at protests; the Kanjars have plundered, looted and killed generation after generation, and will show you how to roast a lizard when hungry. The original inhabitants of India, these Adivasis still live in forests and hills, with religious beliefs, traditions and rituals so far removed from the rest of the country that they represent an anthropological wealth of our heritage. This book weaves together prose, oral narratives and Adivasi history to tell the stories of six remarkable tribes of India-reckoning with radical changes over the last century-as they were pulled apart and thrown together in ways none of them fathomed.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Ideology, Caste, Class, and Gender Selvy Thiruchandran, 1997 Study with special references to Tamil Nadu, India.
  andre beteille caste class and power: India: Cultural Patterns And Processes Allen G. Noble, 2019-03-01 In this comprehensive analysis of India's cultural patterns and processes, the authors address both the diversity and the unity of India's culture, emphasizing the spatial distribution of cultural forms.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Institutions and Inequalities Ramachandra Guha, Jonathan P. Parry, 1999 These essays engage with themes and arguments from the oeuvre of Andre Béteille, ranging from changing patterns of stratification and policies of protective discrimination to the place of the individual in Indian history and threats to secularism.
  andre beteille caste class and power: Multicultural and Marginalized Voices of Postcolonial Literature Varun Gulati, Garima Dalal, 2017-05-30 Multicultural and Marginalized Voices of Postcolonial Literature traces multifarious facets of marginalized literature across the world, giving a brilliant overview of the historical roots of multiculturalist and marginalized sections.
  andre beteille caste class and power: A Social Force in Politics M. P. S. Chandel, 1990
André - Wikipedia
André — sometimes transliterated as Andre — is the French and Portuguese form of the name Andrew and is now also used in the English-speaking world. It used in France, Quebec, …

André Rieu
André Rieu is a unique musician and conductor who enchants the world with his passion for classical music and his unforgettable concerts. As the founder of the Johann Strauss …

André Rieu - YouTube
The official YouTube Channel of André Rieu & his Johann Strauss Orchestra. André Rieu & His Johann Strauss Orchestra performing The Second Waltz live in Maastricht. Taken from the …

Andre: Name Meaning, Origin, Popularity, & Inspiration
Aug 7, 2024 · What Does the Name Andre Mean? The name Andre is the French and Portuguese variation of the Andrew and means "strong and manly." It can sometimes be a gender-neutral …

André Rieu facts: wife, concerts, net worth and his Johann Strauss ...
Aug 4, 2023 · André Rieu, King of the Waltz, is one of today’s most successful classical performing artists. Here’s everything you need to know about the Dutch violinist and his …

Meaning, origin and history of the name Andre
Apr 16, 2019 · English form of André. Name Days?

André Rieu - Amazing Grace (4K) - YouTube
André Rieu & His Johann Strauss Orchestra performing Amazing Grace live in Maastricht. Taken from the new DVD Love Is All Around – order here:...

My biography - André Rieu
My dream is to make the whole of classical music accessible for everyone. To achieve that, I've had my own recording studio built, and we're working hard to make new recordings of the …

André Rieu - Wikipedia
André Léon Marie Nicolas Rieu (Dutch: [ˈɑndreː riˈjøː], French: [ɑ̃dʁe ʁjø]; born 1 October 1949) is a Dutch violinist and conductor best known as the founder of the waltz -playing Johann Strauss …

André (footballer, born 2001) - Wikipedia
André Trindade da Costa Neto (born 16 July 2001), simply known as André, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Premier League club …

André - Wikipedia
André — sometimes transliterated as Andre — is the French and Portuguese form of the name Andrew and is now also used in the English-speaking world. It used in France, Quebec, …

André Rieu
André Rieu is a unique musician and conductor who enchants the world with his passion for classical music and his unforgettable concerts. As the founder of the Johann Strauss …

André Rieu - YouTube
The official YouTube Channel of André Rieu & his Johann Strauss Orchestra. André Rieu & His Johann Strauss Orchestra performing The Second Waltz live in Maastricht. Taken from the …

Andre: Name Meaning, Origin, Popularity, & Inspiration
Aug 7, 2024 · What Does the Name Andre Mean? The name Andre is the French and Portuguese variation of the Andrew and means "strong and manly." It can sometimes be a gender-neutral …

André Rieu facts: wife, concerts, net worth and his Johann Strauss ...
Aug 4, 2023 · André Rieu, King of the Waltz, is one of today’s most successful classical performing artists. Here’s everything you need to know about the Dutch violinist and his …

Meaning, origin and history of the name Andre
Apr 16, 2019 · English form of André. Name Days?

André Rieu - Amazing Grace (4K) - YouTube
André Rieu & His Johann Strauss Orchestra performing Amazing Grace live in Maastricht. Taken from the new DVD Love Is All Around – order here:...

My biography - André Rieu
My dream is to make the whole of classical music accessible for everyone. To achieve that, I've had my own recording studio built, and we're working hard to make new recordings of the …

André Rieu - Wikipedia
André Léon Marie Nicolas Rieu (Dutch: [ˈɑndreː riˈjøː], French: [ɑ̃dʁe ʁjø]; born 1 October 1949) is a Dutch violinist and conductor best known as the founder of the waltz -playing Johann …

André (footballer, born 2001) - Wikipedia
André Trindade da Costa Neto (born 16 July 2001), simply known as André, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Premier League club …