12 Patriarchs

  12 patriarchs: The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs R. H. Charles, Rev. W. O. E. Oesterley, 2018-09-13 An excerpt from the INTRODUCTION - General Character of the Book: The book purports to give the last words, at the approach of death, of each of the twelve patriarchs to his sons. It is evident that the general idea of the book is based upon Jacob's last words to his sons as recorded in Gen. xlix. 1-27. Just as Jacob portrays the character of his sons and declares to them what shall befall them, so in our book each of the patriarchs is represented as describing, in some sense, his own character and as foretelling what shall come to pass among his posterity in the last times. From this latter point of view the book partakes of the character of a prophetic-apocalyptic work. In six of the testaments, those of Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Dan, Naphthali and Joseph, there is a certain correspondence between our book and Gen. xlix. regarding the characters of the patriarchs; as for the remaining six patriarchs no such correspondence exists.
  12 patriarchs: Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Robert Kugler, 2001-10-01 The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs is of especial interest to students of early Judaism and Christianity, though this importance is not always recognized. This collection preserves extra-biblical traditions about the sons of Jacob, it reflects a moral worldview of Jews and Christians around the turn of the era, and it casts light on its authors' eschatological imagination. Robert A. Kugler introduces the student to the Testaments' contents, their relationship to other texts of the era, textual witnesses and sources, and rehearses the debate regarding authorship, compositional history and purpose. He also examines the Testaments from the fresh perspective of rhetorical strategy, asking what sort of theological notions the Testaments would have conjured in the minds of early Jewish and Christian listeners or readers.
  12 patriarchs: The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs M de Jonge, H W Hollander, 2023-08-14
  12 patriarchs: The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Insights S N Strutt, 2022-10-03 The verses with extensive commentaries, references, and ideas for follow-up. This book is Based on the Apocryphal Book of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, which were originally written around the 16-17 Century BC or around 3700 years ago, by the 12 sons of Jacob, who himself was also known as ‘Israel’. ‘Israel’ is the Hebrew name Yisrael, meaning ‘God contends’, or ‘one who struggles with God’. Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs covers the whole panorama of the nation of Israel from Abraham to the Messiah and on to Eternity. It is one of the most important ancient manuscripts, apparently re- written between 107 and 137 B.C. from much older manuscripts. Until 1885 many of the apocryphal books used to be in the KJV of the Bible. Many of the apocryphal books can still be found in the Catholic and Orthodox Bibles to this day.
  12 patriarchs: Studies on the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs M de Jonge, 2023-08-14
  12 patriarchs: The Ante-Nicene Fathers: The twelve patriarchs, excerpts and epistles, the Clementina, Apocrypha, decretals, memoirs of Edessa and Syriac documents, remains of the first ages Alexander Roberts, 1886
  12 patriarchs: The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs R. H. Charles, 2004-03-17 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
  12 patriarchs: The Ante-Nicene Fathers: The twelve patriarchs, Excerpts and epistles, The Clementina, Apocrypha, Decretals, Memoirs of Edessa and Syriac documents, Remains of the first ages , 1886
  12 patriarchs: Joseph as an Ethical Model in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Harm Hollander, 1981-12
  12 patriarchs: TESTAMENTS OF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS ROBERT HENRY. CHARLES, 2018
  12 patriarchs: The Story of Patriarchs and Prophets Ellen G. White, 1922
  12 patriarchs: Jewish eschatology, early Christian Christology and the Testaments of the twelve Patriarchs Marinus de Jonge, 2014-04-03 This volume, which appears on the occasion of Marinus de Jonge's retirement as Professor of New Testament at Leiden University, brings together twenty essays which he wrote recently for various periodicals and collective works. A number of articles deal with the expectation of the future in Jewish sources, like Ps. Sol., the Qumran Scrolls and Josephus. Closely connected with these are some essays on the question of how such titles as 'Christ', and 'Son of David' came to be applied to Jesus. Eleven essays delve into various important aspects of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs: eschatology, ethics, paraenesis, but also their use of Jewish source material and their view of the history of God's dealing with man, a view related to that held by Justin and Hippolytus. This book throws light on the Jewish origins of early Christian theology and on its relationship with the Hellenistic culture in which it developed. The book also includes Marinus de Jonge's bibliography.
  12 patriarchs: The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Robert Henry Charles, 1908
  12 patriarchs: The Bible in History Robert B. Waltz, The Bible in History. A study of the history, folklore, and occasionally even the mathematics underlying the Bible. A sort of dictionary of scholarly material you likely won’t find elsewhere. Dedicated to Elizabeth Rosenberg, Patricia Rosenberg, and Catie Jo Pidel. Please understand that this is not a Biblical commentary. Also, while I try very hard to avoid actual theological discussions, the work is very much based on external evidence -- the manuscripts of the Bible, the evidence of other historical records, the findings of science, the folklore about the Bible. Some of this can be offensive to some, particularly those who try to find exact literal truth in the Bible. I hope you will accept it (or else not read it :-) in that light. If you are still interested, there is a lot of historical background about the Bible here -- not always direct links to the Bible, but the context of the nations among whom the Israelites lived. There is no Biblical mention of (say) Nabopolassar of Babylon, but his actions would deeply influence Judean history. Knowing even a little of that history can help understand the Bible. Also, where there are variant readings in the manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible or the New Testament, I note it. This may mean that we are uncertain what the Bible says -- and hence what it means. I try either to recover the original meaning or, in some cases, to assess the meanings of both readings. And then there are the tidbits of science and folklore and anything else I can think of.... The result is a grab bag. Some parts may be useful, some may not. The idea is to browse and see what strikes your fancy. With luck, you'll understand more about the Bible after doing so.
  12 patriarchs: The Twelve Patriarchs ; The Mystical Ark ; Book Three of The Trinity Richard (of St. Victor), 1979
  12 patriarchs: The Ante-Nicene Fathers: The twelve patriarchs. Excerpts and epistles. The Clementina. Apocrypha. Decretals. Memoirs of Edessa and Syriac documents. Remains of the first ages , 1950
  12 patriarchs: The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs R. CHARLES, 2018-10-23 An excerpt from the INTRODUCTION - General Character of the Book: The book purports to give the last words, at the approach of death, of each of the twelve patriarchs to his sons. It is evident that the general idea of the book is based upon Jacob's last words to his sons as recorded in Gen. xlix. 1-27. Just as Jacob portrays the character of his sons and declares to them what shall befall them, so in our book each of the patriarchs is represented as describing, in some sense, his own character and as foretelling what shall come to pass among his posterity in the last times. From this latter point of view the book partakes of the character of a prophetic-apocalyptic work. In six of the testaments, those of Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Dan, Naphthali and Joseph, there is a certain correspondence between our book and Gen. xlix. regarding the characters of the patriarchs; as for the remaining six patriarchs no such correspondence exists. Speaking generally, though there are considerable modifications of this in some of the testaments, each testament contains the three following component parts: (a) An autobiographical sketch in which the patriarch's special vice or virtue is described. In some cases the biblical story forms the basis for this; in others the Bible is not followed. But in each case the autobiographical details are enlarged by many haggadic embellishments. (b) A warning to avoid the special sin, or an exhortation to cultivate the special virtue, which each patriarch has declared to be specially characteristic of him. (c) A prophecy concerning the patriarch's posterity in the last times; in nearly each case the patriarchs foretell a falling-away of their descendants which will result in misfortune coming upon them; this takes the form, as a rule, of captivity among the Gentiles. In some of the testaments sections of special content are introduced which have nothing at all to do with the three main topics just enumerated. These sections have an interest of their own; but it may well be doubted whether they formed part of the original work. They are as follows: The seven spirits of deceit (Reuben ii. i-iii. 8).The vision of the heavens (Levi ii. i-v. 7). The vision of the seven men in white raiment (Levi viii. 1-18).A Messianic hymn (Levi xviii. 2-14).The spirits that wait upon man (Judah xx. 1-5).The constitution of man (Naphthali ii. 1-10).The vision on the mount of Ohves (Naphthali v. 1-8).The vision of the wrecked ship (Naphthah vi. 1-9).The two ways (Asher i. 3-vi. 6).Joseph's vision (Joseph xix. 1-12).The good inclination (Benjamin vi. 1-7).The sword of Behar (Bejamin vii. 1-5).These offer much that is of great interest, and should be specially studied. The original language of the book was, in all probability, Hebrew (rather than Aramaic); but the earliest form at present known to be in existence is a Greek translation of this.
  12 patriarchs: Mercer Dictionary of the Bible Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard, 1990 Jesus Christ in History and Scripture highlights two related bases for the current revolution in Jesus studies: (1) a critically-chastened world view that is satisfied with provisional results and (2) a creative (or poetic) use of the sources of study of Jesus.
  12 patriarchs: Resurrection James H. Charlesworth, 2008-10-01 Resurrection is the central feature of the New Testament gospels and lies at the center of many of Paul's letters as well. In addition, the doctrine of the resurrection lies at the core of the Christian church's faith. The essays in this stunning collection explore the idea of resurrection as the idea appears not only in the New Testament texts but also in the Dead Sea Scrolls, the pseudepigraphal Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, and in contemporary theology. Charlesworth asks where the concept of resurrection appears and the ways we know it, and he also examines the concept of resurrection in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament. Casey Elledge explores the earliest evidence we have for a notion of a resurrection of the dead and investigates the hope for Israel in Judaism and Christianity found in the Testaments. Crenshaw looks at the Hebrew Bible's ideas of resurrection, and Hendrikus Boers examines the meaning of Christ's resurrections in Paul's writings. W. Waite Willis explores a theology of resurrection.
  12 patriarchs: The Origins and Early Development of the Antichrist Myth Gregory C. Jenks, 2011-05-02 Die Reihe Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft (BZNW) ist eine der ältesten und renommiertesten internationalen Buchreihen zur neutestamentlichen Wissenschaft. Seit 1923 publiziert sie wegweisende Forschungsarbeiten zum frühen Christentum und angrenzenden Themengebieten. Die Reihe ist historisch-kritisch verankert und steht neuen methodischen Ansätzen, die unser Verständnis des Neuen Testaments befördern, gleichfalls offen gegenüber.
  12 patriarchs: The Spirit in Romans 8 Marcin Kowalski, 2023-12-04 Kowalski addresses the Pauline understanding of S/spirit in Romans 8, as compared to the Stoic idea of pneuma. The author first analyzes the Stoic views on pneuma perceived in a variety of life-giving, cognitive-ethical, unifying, reproductive and inspiring functions. The aforementioned features are taken as a starting point for the comparison with Paul to which, however, the third element is added, the Jewish texts of the Second Temple period. These include the Old Testament but also The Book of Enoch, The Book of Jubilees, Qumran, The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, The Psalms of Solomon, Philo of Alexandria, Flavius Josephus, LAB, Joseph and Aseneth, 4 Book of Ezra and 2 Book of Baruch. Such a rich comparative material contributes to the novelty of the book and enables the reader to discover both the similarities and differences between Paul, Greco-Roman and Jewish authors. The study analyzes Romans 8 in its rhetorical context and brings to light the novelty of the Pauline view of the Spirit. The apostle portrays it in its primary cognitive-ethical and communitarian function of making the believers similar to Christ and inculcating in them the Lord's mindset and attitudes. Paul presents the Spirit as dwelling within a person, similarly to God inhabiting the Jerusalem temple, and as the mediator of the resurrected life. In the original Pauline take the Spirit enables a close union between God and human beings in which the latter keep their freedom and distinctive personal traits.
  12 patriarchs: Satan and the Problem of Evil Archie T. Wright, 2022 Accessibly written and comprehensive in scope, Satan and the Problem of Evil explores Satan's transformation from heavenly functionary to chief antagonist during the Second Temple and Early Church Periods and offers a definitive treatment of Satan's relationship to perennial questions of the problem of evil.
  12 patriarchs: The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha James H. Charlesworth, 2010-02 The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha is truly a work of international importance, and Hendrickson Publishers is pleased to offer it in this economical paperback edition. --Book Jacket.
  12 patriarchs: The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Apostle Horn, 2018-10-21 The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs;The following twelve books are biographies written between 107 and 137 B.C. They are a forceful exposition, showing how a Pharisee with a rare gift of writing secured publicity by using the names of the greatest men of ancient times. There were intellectual giants in those days and the Twelve Patriarchs were the Intellectual Giants! Each is here made to tell his life story. When he is on his deathbed he calls all his children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren about him, and proceeds without reservation to lay bare his experiences for the moral guidance of his hearers. If he fell into sin he tells all about it and then counsels them not to err as he did. If he was virtuous, he shows what rewards were his. When you look beyond the unvarnished almost brutally frank passages of the text, you will discern a remarkable attestation of the expectations of the Messiah which existed a hundred years before Christ.
  12 patriarchs: Reading Mark in Context Zondervan,, 2018-08-21 Over the last several decades, the Jewishness of Jesus has been at the forefront of scholarship and students of the New Testament are more than ever aware of the importance of understanding Jesus and the Gospels in their Jewish context. Reading Mark in Context helps students see the contour and texture of Jesus' engagement with his Jewish environment. It brings together a series of accessible essays that compare and contrast viewpoints, theologies, and hermeneutical practices of Mark and his various Jewish contemporaries. Going beyond an introduction that merely surveys historical events and theological themes, this textbook examines individual passages in Second Temple Jewish literature in order to illuminate the context of Mark's theology and the nuances of his thinking. Following the narrative progression of Mark's Gospel, each chapter in this textbook (1) pairs a major unit of the Gospel with one or more sections of a thematically-related Jewish text, (2) introduces and explores the historical and theological nuances of the comparative text, and (3) shows how the ideas in the comparative text illuminate those expressed in Mark.
  12 patriarchs: Scripture and Scholarship in Early Modern England Ariel Hessayon, Nicholas Keene, 2006 This volume of essays is the first to embrace both orthodox and heterodox treatments of scripture in early modern England, and in the process to question, challenge and redefine what historians mean when they use these terms. The collection dispels the myth that a critical engagement with sacred texts was the preserve of radical figures: anti-scripturists, Quakers, Deists and freethinkers. While the work of these people was significant, it formed only part of a far broader debate incorporating figures from across the theological spectrum engaging in a shared discourse.
  12 patriarchs: Daughters of Hecate Kimberly B. Stratton, Dayna S. Kalleres, 2014 Daughters of Hecate presents a diverse collection of essays on the topic of women and magic in the ancient Mediterranean world. The book gathers investigations by leading scholars from the fields of Classics, Judaic Studies, and early Christianity, illuminating as well as interrogating the persistent associations of women with magic.
  12 patriarchs: Expectations of the End Albert Hogeterp, 2010-01-01 Since a fuller range of Qumran sectarian and not clearly sectarian texts and recensions has recently become available to us, its implications for the comparative study of eschatological, apocalyptic and messianic ideas in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the New Testament need to be explored anew. This book situates eschatological ideas in Qumran literature between biblical tradition and developments in late Second Temple Judaism and examines how the Qumran evidence on eschatology, resurrection, apocalypticism, and messianism illuminates Palestinian Jewish settings of emerging Christianity. The present study challenges previous dichotomies between realized and futuristic eschatology, wisdom and apocalypticism and provides many new insights into intra-Jewish dimensions to eschatological ideas in Palestinian Judaism and in the early Jesus-movement.
  12 patriarchs: The Great Controversy Tom de Bruin, 2014-12-10 The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (T12P), one of the longest texts of the so-called Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, presents the fictitious farewell speeches that the twelve sons of Jacob held on their respective deathbeds. Tom de Bruin examines these twelve monologues as literary products in order to understand the function of the text for the setting in which it was composed. He approaches T12P from three directions: an analysis of the paraenetic parts, a discussion of the anthropology, and a comparative examination of other contemporaneous works documenting a world-view similar to T12P.These three approaches merge into a detailed discussion about the reasoning behind the admonition in T12P, and identifies the fundamental message of the text, namely that each person stands between the forces of good and evil and that this person is called to constantly decide which way to follow. Though T12P is still familiar with the apocalyptic origin and plays with the cosmological implications of this 'great controversy', the text clearly puts the emphasis on the battle inside each individual. It is thereby an important witness for reinterpreting and reapplying apocalyptic traditions through ethicizing them and focusing on the individual. Such an individualistic application of the 'great controversy' theme can be found in a number of other (mostly Christian) works, revealing a similar understanding of mankind's existence and development as in T12P. The analysis of the ethical reappropriation of apocalyptic traditions in T12P provides important insights into the foundations of early Christian ethics, ancient anthropology, and the Jewish and Christian understanding of the struggle between good and evil.
  12 patriarchs: The Jewish Teachers of Jesus, James, and Jude David A. deSilva, 2012-10-23 Jews have sometimes been reluctant to claim Jesus as one of their own; Christians have often been reluctant to acknowledge the degree to which Jesus' message and mission were at home amidst, and shaped by, the Judaism(s) of the Second Temple Period. In The Jewish Teachers of Jesus, James, and Jude David deSilva introduces readers to the ancient Jewish writings known as the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha and examines their formative impact on the teachings and mission of Jesus and his half-brothers, James and Jude. Knowledge of this literature, deSilva argues, helps to bridge the perceived gap between Jesus and Judaism when Judaism is understood only in terms of the Hebrew Bible (or ''Old Testament''), and not as a living, growing body of faith and practice. Where our understanding of early Judaism is limited to the religion reflected in the Hebrew Bible, Jesus will appear more as an outsider speaking ''against'' Judaism and introducing more that is novel. Where our understanding of early Judaism is also informed by the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, we will see Jesus and his half-brothers speaking and interacting more fully within Judaism. By engaging critical issues in this comparative study, deSilva produces a portrait of Jesus that is fully at home in Roman Judea and Galilee, and perhaps an explanation for why these extra-biblical Jewish texts continued to be preserved in Christian circles.
  12 patriarchs: Zeal Without Knowledge Dane C. Ortlund, 2012-07-26 An examination of Paul's use of the term 'zeal', presented through engagement with three key texts and the New Perspective on Paul.
  12 patriarchs: Who's Who of the Bible Martin H. Manser, Debra Reid, 2013-01-03 The Bible contains over three thousand names - all of which are included in this exhaustive Who's Who of the Bible. Every single individual whose name is listed in the Bible is listed here in order of their appearance in the Bible with their dates, a concise description of their lives and significance, and references to where they occur in the text. With sections on the Pentateuch, the History books, Poetry and Wisdom books, the Prophets, the Gospels and Acts, and the Letters and Revelation, this book also includes a user's guide, family trees of key individuals, a timeline, an alphabetical list of names, and an Appendix on the Apocrypha. Putting all the information on the Bible's rich cast of characters at your finger tips, this is an essential guide for any preacher, teacher, biblical scholar, student, or Bible reader.
  12 patriarchs: The Anointed and His People Gerbern S. Oegema, 1998-08-01 In this systematic and radical work, Oegema studies the origins and development of expectations of a messiah-royal, priestly or prophetic. In five parts, all the Jewish and Christian literature from 200 BCE to 200 CE is analysed for its messianic interests. Special attention is devoted to the Pseudepigrapha, the Qumran literature, Philo, Josephus, the writings of the Early Church, the Jewish Apocalypses and the early Rabbinic writings. In this important work, Oegema contends that we cannot speak of a 'messianic idea' in Judaism, but that we can trace a historical trajectory of messianic expectations.
  12 patriarchs: Jesus the Exorcist Graham H. Twelftree, 2011-07-11 That the synoptic writers believed that Jesus cast out demons and that such a role figured prominently in the Synoptics' portrait of him can scarcely be denied. And yet, only scant scholarly attention has been focused on Jesus' role as exorcist. Even less consideration has been given to the significance of Jesus as exorcist for understanding the historical Jesus. Now, in a provocative and insightful study, Graham Twelftree helps New Testament scholars move beyond such myopia. Twelftree examines exorcists and exorcism in first-century Palestine, assesses the New Testament accounts of demons and their demise, and explores the implications and significance of the fact that Jesus was indeed an exorcist. The volume appeared originally in the noted German series Wissenschaftliche Unteruchmungen zum Neuen Testament.
  12 patriarchs: Qumran, Early Judaism, and New Testament Interpretation Jörg Frey, 2019-08-28 Back cover: How did the Qumran discoveries change New Testament scholarship? What are the main insights to be gained from the Qumran corpus with regard to the Jesus tradition, Paul's language and theology, the dualistic language and worldview of the Fourth Gospel, or the formation of the biblical Canon? The articles of this volume present the fruits of 25 years of scholarship on Qumran and the New Testament.
  12 patriarchs: 'Gold Tried in the Fire'. The Prophet TheaurauJohn Tany and the English Revolution Ariel Hessayon, 2016-12-05 This is a study of the most fascinating and idiosyncratic of all seventeenth-century figures. Like its famous predecessor The Cheese and The Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller, it explores the everyday life and mental world of an extraordinary yet humble figure. Born in Lincolnshire with a family of Cambridgeshire origins, Thomas Totney (1608-1659) was a London puritan, goldsmith and veteran of the Civil War. In November 1649, after fourteen weeks of self-abasement, fasting and prayer, he experienced a profound spiritual transformation. Taking the prophetic name TheaurauJohn Tany and declaring himself 'a Jew of the Tribe of Reuben' descended from Aaron the High Priest, he set about enacting a millenarian mission to restore the Jews to their own land. Inspired prophetic gestures followed as Tany took to living in a tent, preaching in the parks and fields around London. He gathered a handful of followers and, in the week that Cromwell was offered the crown, infamously burned his bible and attacked Parliament with sword drawn. In the summer of 1656 he set sail from the Kentish coast, perhaps with some disciples in tow, bound for Jerusalem. He found his way to Holland, perhaps there to gather the Jews of Amsterdam. Some three years later, now calling himself Ram Johoram, Tany was reported lost, drowned after taking passage in a ship from Brielle bound for London. During his prophetic phase Tany wrote a number of remarkable but elusive works that are unlike anything else in the English language. His sources were varied, although they seem to have included almanacs, popular prophecies and legal treatises, as well as scriptural and extra-canonical texts, and the writings of the German mystic Jacob Boehme. Indeed, Tany's writings embrace currents of magic and mysticism, alchemy and astrology, numerology and angelology, Neoplatonism and Gnosticism, Hermeticism and Christian Kabbalah - a ferment of ideas that fused in a millenarian yearning for the hoped for
  12 patriarchs: Catalogue of the ... library of ... George Offor ... which will be sold by auction , 1865
  12 patriarchs: The Role and Function of Repentance in Luke-Acts Guy D. Nave, 2002-01-01 This book explores the central function of the concept repentance in the narrative structure and implied social world of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, and provides an excellent synthesis and analysis of the usage of repent and repentance in Classical, Hellenistic, Hellenistic Jewish, and early Christian literature. Paperback edition is available from the Society of Biblical Literature (www.sbl-site.org)
  12 patriarchs: The Shema in John's Gospel Lori A. Baron, 2022-10-11 The Shema (Deut 6:4-5) is the lens through which Lori A. Baron explores Johannine Christology and the fraught relationship between John's Gospel and Judaism. She begins by examining the use of the Shema in the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple literature, where it is frequently evoked in scenes of covenant renewal; to support adherence to Jewish law; and in prophetic oracles of restoration. The Shema functions similarly in John's Gospel, where Jesus' unity with God is expressed in terms of the oneness of the Shema (e.g., 10:30; 17:21-23): Jesus is within the divine unity. While the Synoptic Gospels cite the Shema explicitly and while Paul uses the Shema Christologically, in John, the Shema is an apologetic foil against accusations of bitheism; it is used polemically against Jesus' opponents; and it signals that followers of Jesus represent the promised restoration of Israel.
  12 patriarchs: An Introduction to the Study of Luke-Acts V. George Shillington, 2007-03-15 Introduces readers to the text, texture and context of Luke-Acts by using various approaches practiced by biblical scholars. This work outlines the methods of biblical interpretation and then shows how they might be applied to the texts in question. Taking a social-science approach, it examines the society and culture of the time.
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12 (number) - Wikipedia
12 (twelve) is the natural number following 11 and preceding 13. Twelve is the 3rd superior highly composite number, [1] the 3rd colossally abundant number, [2] the 5th highly composite …

12 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
12 (also written as twelve) is a number. It comes between eleven and thirteen, and it is an even number. It is divisible by 2,3,4,6. and 12. Its ordinal is 12th (twelfth). In Roman numerals, it is …

Number 12 - Meaning - Symbolism - Fun Facts - 12 in Religion …
Discover the symbolism of number 12. Fun facts about number twelve - EU flag meaning. The number 12 in religion and mythology

12 - definition of 12 by The Free Dictionary
Define 12. 12 synonyms, 12 pronunciation, 12 translation, English dictionary definition of 12. Noun 1. 12 - the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one dozen, twelve, XII large integer - …

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